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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 4, 1905)
6 Entered at the Postoffice at Portland, Or., a second-class matter. HEYISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By mail (postage prepaid In advance) Dally, rrlta Sunday, -per month $ .S3 Daily, with Sunday excepted, per year. . 7J0 Dally, -ivltn Sunday, per year '8.00 Sunday, per year 2.00 The Weekly, per year 1.50 The "Weekly. 3 months - 50 Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday ex cepted 15 Dally, per -week, delivered. Sunday In- - eluded 7. 20 POSTAGE RATES. United States. Canada and Mexico 10 to 14-page paper.. lc 16 to 30-page paper 2c 22 to 44-page paper................. 3c Foreign rates,' double. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 8. C. BeckVitb. Special Agency New York: Rooms 43-50, Tribune building. Chi cago: Rooms 510-512 Tribune building. The Oregonian does sot buy poems or sto ries from individuals and cannot undertake to return any manuscript seat to it without solicitation. No stamps should be inclosed for this purpose. KEPT ON SAI.E. Chicago Auditorium Annex; Postoffice Jfews Co., 178 Dearborn street. Denver Julius Black, Hamilton & Kend rick. 906-912 Seventeenth street, and Frue ouff Bros.. 605 16th st, Kami City. Mo. Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut. txs ABgeles Harry Drapkin. Oakland, CaX W. H. Johnston. Four teenth and Franklin streets.' aUsaespolIs M. J. Kavanaugh, SO South Third; L. Regelsbnrger, 217 First avenue South. New York City I. Jones & Co., Astor Mouse, 0s4ea F. R. Godard and Myera & Harrop. Omahn -Barkalow Bros., 1Q12 Farnam; Mageath. Stationery Co., 1308 Farnam. Salt ZAke Salt Lake News Co.. 77 West Second South street. 8aa Francisco J. K. Cooper Co., 746 Mar ket street; Foster tt Crear, Ferry News Stand; Goldsmith Bros., 236 Sutter; L. E. X.ee. Palace Hotel News Stand; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market; Frank Scott. 80 Ellis; N. Wheatley. S3 Stevenson; Hotel St. Francis 3Cews Stand. ' Washington. D. C. Ebbltt House News Stand. PORTLAND, 'WEDNESDAY, JAN. 4, 1905. THE GRAND JURY SYSTEM. In these piping times of the grand jury system in Oregon it may be inter esting to our people, or to some of them at least, to know that Minnesota, on the day of her recent general election, ratified en amendment of her constitu tionby no leas than 121,000 majority by -which the grand jury system in that state is abolished. California, Wiscon sin and North Dakota had previously taken action by -which the grand jury might be dispensed with though in California the proceeding may be either "by information or indictment. In the State of Washington almost all prose cutions proceed on information. The reason given in these states is that the workings of the grand jury system had been found unsatisfactory. In many cases the grand jurors brought in In dictments on little evidence. There -was consequent annoyance and expense in bringing indicted persons to trial, only to find the cases quashed by the court. In Minnesota indictments' will hereaf ter be made by the commonwealth's attorneys, without the trouble and de lay involved in bringing the witnesses before a grand jury. In Wisconsin -the legal machinery has not included a grand Jury for many years, and it is the theory that in ordinary cases it is better to have the complaining witness shoulder the responsibility, thus tend ing to prevent unjust or frivolous charges. t In Oregon the grand jury system is just now vigorously operative, and is thought to be a valuable agent of gov ernment and of justice, both in State and in Federal administration. There is no probability that the state will abolish it just yet: and in Federal ad ministration it is firmly fixed by decree of the Constitution. The1 Constitution of Oregon provides for the grand Jury and expressly states how it shall be constituted, but adds that "the Legis lative Assembly may modify or abolish grand Juries." The Constitution of the United States expressly declares that "no person shall 'be held to answer for a capital or other infamous crime un less on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land, or naval forces, or in the militia- -when in actual service in time of war or public danger." No matter, therefore, what one state or another may do with the grand jury; in the Federal system it -will stand yet for a while. It was through English experience that the grand Jury came into our sys tem. They who may be disposed to complain of It now as an instrument of injustice and oppression may be inter ested In recalling the fact that It was originated In England and transferred to this country for the very opposite purpose of preventing vexatious and vindictive prosecutions. It was an in strument or liberty, therefore, in oppo sition to tyranny and oppression. It was on this principle that it was car ried .Into the Constitution of the United States. Under the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States there can be no doubt that any state may abolish the grand jury, in its own administra tion, if it will; for, though the United States is committed to It, by express terms of the Constitution, the states may proceed differently, if they choose Ho do so. This was settled in a case taken up from California, wherein it had been claimed that any one prose cuted by Information and convicted of crime might claim protection under the clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids a state to "deprive any person of life, liberty or property -without due process of law." It was In sisted that due process of law, in a criminal proceeding, must begin with indictment by a grand Jury. But the Supreme Court of the United States re fused to sustain this contention, as to judicial procedure under authority of a state. Though our state may abolish the grand jury, we hear at this time of no proposal to do so. And the United States cannot, -without first changing the Constitution; so we may be sure that in the procedure of the United States for the administration of jus tico the grand jury wilL last some time yet. It is a curious thing to be noted that the clause that fixes the grand jury in the Constitution of the United States was brought in as an amend merit two years after the adoption of the main or original instrument, as an additional security to the citizen against private malice, or popular Xury; and an argument for it was that it would be a further protection to the citizen against the states themselves. This last argument, however, was not well founded, since no state is tied to the system, against Its wilL The dilatory Mr. Schwerln continues in. his policy of locking the stable door after the horse has been stolen. He Is now contemplating Increasing his San Francisco 'steamship service BOthatTit will be able to handle at least a -portion of the traffic that has been going to the smaller lines. As the latter have been for two years strengthening their hold on this trade, the task of recover ing it will not be an easy one. So much of Portland's Oriental business has been diverted to Puget Sound by the con tracted Schwerln policy that an even greater task awaits Mr. Harri man's manager when he decides to handle business originating in Portland terri tory with an adequate steamship ser vice from this port. A good deal of the Huntington policy died with the late Collls P., and 'Mr. Schwerln is los ing money by endeavoring to resusci tate a corpse. A BROKEN TKON. Port Arthur spelled prestige. Its fall is more a moral than a material blow to Russia, since her fleet was proved a sham, and in view of Kuropatkin's gen eral plan of retreat, the evacuation of the fortress would appear to have been advisable from a purely military view point. Other considerations doubtless weighed with Russia. Just as Buller struggled to save Ladysmlth, although Roberts' advanceupon the heart of the Transvaal was clearly the true strat egy, so Russia held on grimly to the outpost of her Oriental empire. Port Arthur meant much to Russia. Its oc cupation crowned two centuries of striving for an outlet upon an unfrozen sea. The. fortress, like Gibraltar, was a sign of dominion, a focus of world wide power. Dalny was its corollary, a city of commerce and an ever-open gate to the traffic of the Orient, Little wonder the Bear was loth to lose this Ikon of empire. As to the effect of the capitulation upon the outcome of the war, much has been said. Beyond the fact that a large number of seasoned troops will be released for duty under Oyama, the Russians are no worse off today than they -were while the fortress held firm against attack. The Baltic fleet, of which both divisions are now in Mada gascar ports, must have sailed with the Intention of reaching Vladivostok, and that port, barring ice, is as open as it ever was. Rojestvensky's task was hopeless when he sailed; it is hope less now as then. The proximity of his fleet to Japanese waters, however, should prove a factor in Russia's en deavor to obtain favorable terms if the Czar will now entertain the thought of peace. In a question but. indirectly related to the war, Russia's loss of Port Arthur is likely to create interest. The British lease of Wel-iHal-Wel was to last while the Russian lease of Port Arthur held good, for it must be remembered that both Wei-Hai-Wel and Port Arthur are Chinese ports de jure. In 1895 Japan had to give up Port Arthur under pres surefrom Russia, Germany and France. Germany took Klao Chou on a ninety nine years' lease on the pretext of re dress for the murder of two mission aries. Russia took a lease of Port Ar thur, and Great Britain of Wel-Htl- WeL Extensive fortifications were con structed by Britain, but work suddenly ceased, and not a gun has been mount ed on the costly ramparts. It is most unlikely that the port will be abandoned by the lessee, even if the lease is now invalidated, and when there is a gen eral adjustment of property at the close of the war, interesting developments may be expected around Shantung Peninsula. The capture of the fortress has added to Japanese arms a new luster that is certain to dazzle more than ever the Chinese onlookers. Although the de struction of the warships was the pri mary object of the Japanese, the final gaining of the place into which they swarmed victoriously ten years before cannot but nerve them to fresh efforts, and. the addition of a veteran army to Oyama's forces is likely to result in a renewal of the northern advance. Kuro patkin Is credited by a late dispatch with having 600,000 men, and, although this is probably an exaggeration, his forces must have been enormously In creased in these months of waiting, es pecially since he railroad has been completed around Lake Baikal. Japan ese secrecy has prevented the world from knowing the strength of Oyama's command, but with easy and undis turbed lines of communication with Japan he cannot be inferior in force to his opponent. In any event, the end of the tug of war at Port Arthur, should peace negotiations be scorned, is cer tain to result in the resumption of hos tilities along the Shakhe, where re newed activity is already being dis played, say yesterday's dispatches. THE SOCIAL REFORMER ABROAD Judging from the story of domestic broils that is spread upon our court records from day to day, matrimony needs regulating "before the fact." The question is one, however, which the boldest reformers have generally hesi tated to approach, and when from time to time a remedy has been suggested in the way of making marriage difficult of attainment, it has been found to work moral disaster and has speedily fallen into disrepute. We have, however, a somewhat am bitious attempt of a supposed remedial nature in this line in a book written by Dr. G. Frank Lydston, of Chicago. This writer . declares bluntly that "society begins It6 self-con tamlnatlon at the marriage license window," and again that "the marriage license is the agent that sets the individual and social ma chinery for the manufacture of degen erates in operation." That these de generates are a menace and an expen sive burden to society, he says Is ad mitted. He asks if society has not a right to protect itself against this bur den, and promptly answers the ques tion in the affirmative. He asserts fur ther that this protection will be Impos sible until our social perceptions, have become sufficiently keen to enable us to understand that the prevention of de generacy i6 very much more economic than the cure of conditions which arise from it. To this end Dr. Lydston would have the state exercise a broader authority over both parents and children. He expresses the opinion that punishment as a specific for crime is a failure. Just how he would proceed to reform do mestic and social" affairs, with the state as a dictator, without power to Inflict penalty for disregard of its injunc tions, or "regulationE," does not ap pear. It Is one thing to make trite and forcible statement of facte quite an other to control or eliminate the evils that underlie or are consequent upon their operation. It is not difficult to write a book setting out matters in the social world that are apparent to all observant persons. It is Indeed quite easy to specify the social sins of the times, to descant upon their cause, and to'' hint at cure. But 'such effort is practically useless. It leads one Into the domain of theory and leaves him there with a vague idea that something is radically wrong In the world round about him, which he ought perhaps to help to make right but does not know where to begin. In truf ha man mfght .as well expend his energies in shouting for universal peace as to waste them in -seeking to cure social His by extending a state protectorate over the domestic rela tions. Better take a cheerful view of the situation and Join the multitude of thoughtful, observant men and women In the belief that the world is growing better Instead, of worse from day to day, and take heart and hope from this fact that these vexed problems will eventually work themselves out in a broader and better humanity through the persistence of the principle of the survival of the fittest. OVERESTIMATED 1VHEAT YIELD. The official returns of State Grain In spector Arrasmith on the Washington wheat crop for 1904 credit Lincoln County with a yield of 2,750,000 bushels. On August 26 a staff correspondent of The Oregonian wrote from Odessa, Wash., as follows: Lincoln County, for -which some o the land boomers are still claiming a crop of 10.000,000 bushels, will, under the circum stances, be quite fortunate If she secures 4,000,000 bushels, and some very well post ed grain men hare the available surplus as low as 2.500,000 bushels, which would mean a crop of only about 3,000,000 bush els. The Oregonian correspondent further stated in his letter that, owing to the lateness of the Spring-sown grain, per fect conditions from that time on would be necessary to insure a crop of 4,000. 000 bushels. This letter called forth from the Harrington (Wash.) Citizen, under date of September 2, 1S04, the fol lowing comment: Last Saturday's Oregonian contained a lengthy article, dated-at Odessa, and assum ing to give an elaborate account of the wheat conditions of Lincoln County, and Is as wide of the actual facts as if the writer had stayed In the Portland office and allowed his imagination full play on one of his most depresslngly blue days. No Odessa man could have written It, that Is, no man who had been in Odessa long enough to know anything whatever about the county, and that a paper with the standing which The Oregonian has. should permit such an ar ticle to be printed is beyond us. The ar ticle gives Lincoln County a yield of 3.000, 000 bushels of wheat with a possible 4.000, 000, thus showing that, after all. the writer let his imagination do his estimating, for had he taken pencil and paper and made the most conservative estimates his figures would have been double, or nearly so. But what's the use of fuming. Lincoln County will be here when The Oregonian is for gotten. The Oregonlan's estimates were made by a correspondent who was familiar with Lincoln County's wheat condi tions and acreage before either Odessa or Harrington had a place on the map. and who has made personal inspection of the wheat districts in the county every year for the past ten years. The data thus secured are always fortified by estimates made by the principal farmers, warehousemen and railroad agents, and by this means, as far as possible eliminating guesswork. The Oregonian has been enabled to make some very accurate forecasts of the di mensions of the crop. No possible good can x:ome from overestimating the Wheat crop of any county or any state. At tidewater the ' practice Is indulged In by a few unscrupulous shlpbrokers through the medium of a cheap trade pamphlet. Their motive is, of course, an Increased freight rate for the ships. This, In ordinary seasons, would be a natural result, and was only prevented this season- by an abnormal movement of wheat to the EasL These shlpbrokers through their sub sidized sheet early In the season noti fied the foreign shipowners that the crop of Oregon, Washington and Idaho would reach a total of 53.000.000 bush els, and might go to 60,000,000 bushels. Acting on this misinformation, the shipowners throughout the season held their ships at a prohibitive rate, and the export business has been the small est on record. Whenever Lincoln, Whitman or any other county misleads the public by claiming a crop twice as large as is actually indicated by acre age and condition, they are adding water to the shipowners' wheel and are deceiving no one who is in touch with the true 'Situation. No good can come from thfs studied misrepresentation. and the sooner it is abandoned the bet ter it will be for the farmers, millmen and all others in any way interested In the industry. ON TUB BROADER LINE OF PAUPERISM Since 1SS0 no lessthan 12,000,000 for elgners, a large majority of whom were poor in pocket and broken In spirit. have been landed in the United States. More than half of the population of thirty-three of our largest cities is foreign-born, and our great poverty is In these cities. These two facts ac count for the estimate of Robert Hunter in his book on poverty, which places the number of the miserably poor In this country at about 10,000,000. This means that, at least one person In every ten in the land Is on or near the pauper line. The statement is a distressing and deplorable one, since the estimate is conceded to be very near the truth. It is not wholly discouraging, however. The way to prosperity has been opened to a multitude of the thrifty poor among our foreign-born population in the last quarter of a century through our generous land laws. More than this, the grand irrigation schemes now in progress will In the next decade add a vast area of land to the domain of agriculture. There Is the hopelessly pauper class, of course, but the energies of the Gov ernment are employed through our Im migration laws to keep this number from increasing. To the extent that these efforts are successful this class will diminish as the years go on as rap idly as common humanity permits us to hope death being the unfailing agent of decimation. -As for the rest. industrious. able-b6d!ed. Intelligent foreigners wOl not for any great length of time hover on the border of pauper Ism. It Is surprising how rapidly men of this type, especially men with families, learn the simple lessons of prosperity in the opportunities offered to Industry, thrift and economy in the wide areas of the great West- There are hundreds of men of the sturdier races of Europe who belonged to the great army of the poor upon their arrival in New York and other immigration ports twenty or twenty-five years ago, who are now among the most prosperous farmers and ranchers of the Middle West and Northwest. There is reason to suppose that, of the great army of the poor among the class of foreigners of more recent arrivals, a fair proportien at least will In less than twenty-five years become prosperous farmers arid ranch ers upon the semi-arid lands of the great plateau which, are now being ex amined by Government engineers In the Interest of Irrigation. For this class there is room in this country. The chronic poor are not found In its ranks. The great problem of poverty among the masses of the foreign-born will work Itself out and the host hovering near the pauper line will be a yearly diminishing quantity If recruits from among the thriftless, Indolent, dispir ited peoples of foreign lands are turned back from our ports and energetic even if poor .immigrants are encouraged to push on and out into tne wiae areas that await occupancy and tillage, from the Rocky Mountains west to the Pa cific Ocean. According to the Chicago Record- Herald, negotiations are In prog ress whereby the United States Steel Corporation is to become the owner of the Great Northern Railway Company's . immense Iron deposits in Montana. Those who claim to be In formed on the progress of the negotia tions say that the transfer will prove beneficial to both properties, giving the railroad company the means to pay all outstanding bonds and dividends and put the road on a par with the Lacka wanna and similar properties, while the Steel Corporation will come Into pos session of one of the few large tracts of Iron-ore land not now under Its con trol. The matter Is of local rather than of general interest, since if the deal is made it will give an Impetus to indus trial development that will be of great value to the region of the Upper Mis souri, in which these vast beds of Iron ore lie, while it will add little to the power, already so great as to be Invin cible, of the great Steel Corporation. It is announced that a secret confer ence was heia at tne waiaon-Astoria Saturday at which a plan was formu lated for preventing the further demor alization of the cotton market by tak ing at least 1,000,000 bales off the market and holding it In trust until the price advanced to 10 cents per pound. This plan would be highly beneficial to the Industry, but it is not quite clear what the final outcome of the scheme will be, providing the South keeps on raising cotton in the quantities it now pro duces. If this plan gives any assurance of holding the price of cotton at 10 cents there will be another enormous acreage planted next year, and with a good crop it will again become necessary to with draw more stock from the market. It will be a number of years before the evil effect of the Sully cotton boom vanish. It is not alone the fair sex who aban don the United States for "dear, old England" that come In for titles, for it is announced that King Edward Is about to make a knight of Charles M. Hays, an ex-American who Is now at the head of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Thus far railroad men seem to be the favorites for this form of re ward, the first and most notable of them being Sir William C. Van Home, ex-president of the Canadian Pacific, who a generation ago was pretty well known through the Middle West as the plain American' citizen "Billy" Van Home. Of course the- recipients of these honors cannot eat 'em'or drink 'em, but they may be pretty baubles to have around the house. Stockman County is likely to be add ed to the list of Oregon's thirty-three counties by the coming Legislature. It was strongly urged "before the Legisla ture of 1903, but was defeated largely for political reasons. It is to be taken from Wasco, Crook and Sherman Coun ties, mainly from the two former. Wasco seems willing, Crook , Is In s yielding mood, and Sherman's geo graphical loss will be so small that It is indifferent. As long as the territory most concerned seems favorable to the project, the Legislature is likely to pass the Stockman County bill, with Ante lope as the county seat. Whaft on earth, or in air, or in the waters under the earth or, as' it Is put in Hamlet, "O, all ye host of Heaven. O, Earth, what else; and shall couple Hell?" has become of the Gug lielmojmurder case? Is Justice to sleep forever? Nothing, after all. Is so dis creditable as these horrible lapses of Justice. Why do the courts of justice do these things, or permit them? The New Tear's reception at the White House was one of the most bril liant on record. It was also one of the most democratic. That Is to say, every man and woman who could work his or her way through the crowd to the Pres idential receiving line was free to do so. The significant restrictions were, "No handkerchiefs in the hands and no hands in the pockets." Peace, say the Russians, can only be considered after a decisive Russian vjc tory. Then no doubt we shall hear that the Japanese will prosecute the war until a decisive Japanese victory. It looks as If the strife will go on until somebody Is well whipped. Nearly 18,000.000 persons attended the St. Louis Exposition. Yet the num ber of arrests for offenses of all Borts was 1439 In the whole period of seven months. Let us see if we cannot make as good a comparative record at Port land. Unfortunately, much attention of the sort Oregon can take no pride in has been drawn to Oregon through opera tion of the grand jury system. But let us wait for the vindication. Then Ore gon will be all right. Japan has shown herself as magnani mous In victory, as determined In as eaulL It remains to be seen whether Russia will understand and appreciate the spirit of the victors. Much as we may deplore the Sultan's decision to prevent the street sale of Bibles In the Turkish Empire, we reckon that it Is his own concern. Russians say the will retake Port Arthur. Since they couldn't hold it, it will be Interesting to see them make the effort to retake it. St. Petersburg is actually relieved that Port Arthur has fallen. So is Port Arthur, to say nothing of Tokio. Senator Foster is back, and be wants It understood that he will own no bar'L Not even, an apple bar!. ' ' NOTTS AND COMMENT , .New Cop "And'riow deft 'look with a' club. Higgler s "Stunning." The NIchinlchl. which has been men tioned lately- In cable dispatches, is. not a new fruit pest buf a Tokio newspaper. Yes. Chefoo's reformation is complete. It announces to the world that the Fall of Port Arthur gives it the greatest pleasure, and that in face of its lost chances to report, heavy firing Jn the Yellow Sea, id receive Russian destroy ers and to welcome the loquacious refugee in his fast and commodious Chinese junk. Che loo spurns the memory of these vani ties and declares its. joy In the removal of temptation. Worthy Ctaefoo! Thy place in history- snail be higher than that of Mole St. Nicholas, the seaport, island, or whatever tt u, that monopolized the heavy firing of the Spanish war. The Mutual Autopsy Society Is a pleas ant club tha( is to be formed In the East. Surviving members will receive as legacies the brains of departed members, and will thus be able to learn why Smith monopo lized the club's Life, why Jones was al ways growling at the house dinner, and to gain other Information of priceless scientific and sociological value. If the new society can manage to postpone tha dissection of members' characters until they are dead, it will accomplish a great work and should have a long waiting list. Modern telegraphic news -distorts tha public's perspective. Everything that hap pens is the greatest ever. The heroism at Port Arthur is declared to surpass anything In history, whereas it has been excelled many times and will probably be excelled many times again. "The Btudent who hasn't more than one strong point Is not better than a wasp," epigrammatlcally asserts the Weekly Willamette Collegian, in urging students to become debaters. "Let the literary so cieties have a try-out," continues the ex hortation. "Give every man a chance to jerk his long red tongue out of Its scab bard and brandish it about." And in con clusion the Collegian Offers a suggestion that should gain attention on the score of novelty, it for no other reason. "By all means," It says, "let us have a liter ary training table." This is'a suggestion that should be followed up. If a training table is the thing for football players, why not for orators? If potatoes and beef enable a man to conquer upon the gridiron, shall victories in the forum not be won upon bread and fish? Let Willam ette experiment in this direction, and when the suitable foods have been dis covered and tested, let the Information be spread abroad. Then the state can estab lish a training table at Salem and our Legislators may soar to empyrean heights See how well the speakers at the recent peace meeting did without training. Had they been fed upon chiles, say. for a week previous what a Donnybrook there would have been. "The siege of Port Arthur Is without a parallel." says an exchange. Shucks, Its capture was due to s.Iege parallels. The Novoe Vremya says that Rojest vensky Is a dangerous man to .tamper with, and cites in proof the North Sea incident. The Russian paper is right: it is dangerous, to tamper with anything that's loaded. Dispatches from Kuroki's headquarters stated that "b6th armies are using tha hand grenade as one of the regular weap ons for close fighting." The Sketch's sug gestion, referred to In this Column yester day. that we may have grenadier com panies In modern regiments, as armies had before the Napoleonic wars, may be come a fact. Maine, is worried about the inroads of the brown-tailed moth. Brown has evl dently gone out of fashion again. In the Captured City. Port Arthur Novikral. Jan. 2. For Rent Fine bombproof cellar, Would make- ideal kennel for a yellow dog. Owner going to Chefoo. Apply at Novlk rai office. 3t. The undersigned has for sale one lance Chinese Junk suitable for taking mother-in-law on yachting cruise. The Original Refugee. General Nog! transacted business hers Sunday. There Is a fortune waiting for the first man .to get some potatoes into our midst. A large numoer or our citizens were seen above-ground yesterday the first time in six months. Well, the place has fell at last, but it can't be blamed to Town Marshal StoesseL You done noble, Stoess, and any time you run for Mayor the Novikral will support your ticket. For Sale Cheap A large number of souvenir shells of all sizes. Just the thing for chicken feed. Apply this office. Ivan Rascalvltch sot a bad jolt. He cornered the supply of horse meat and run prices up excessive. He Is left now with the whole stbek on his hands, whilst our citizens are eating beefsteak and onions. Foreign items is scarce at this writing. but the Novikral Is the leader in local news. Patronize our advertisers and heTp your home town. Town Marshal Stoessel Is arranging to locate a Jap colony in our burg. They are hustling citizens and did not come here for their health. Wanted-r-For our flies, any numbers of the Novikral which did not appear. WEX. J. OUT OF THE GINGER JAR. Nell Mr. Kammerer is so kind. He said I took a Ttry pretty and very artistic ptC' ture. Belle Indeed? And whose picture did you take, dear? Philadelphia Ledger. Bill Did you ever notice how many tall mtn yon meet lna day? Jill No. but I've often noUced how many short men one meets when he wants a loan. Tonkcrs Statesmen. Manager What is the matter with the glass-eater? Assistant He Is getting ton tony. Manager How so? Assistant He re fuses to eat anything but cut-glass. Phlla delphla Record. Tess Toung Dr. Sweet Is practicing now. Isn't he? Jets (blushing) Yes. Tess What are his hours? Jess From S to 10:3 usually, but when pa's out he stays later. Philadelphia Press. The Boss I'm afraid you are not qualified for the position: you don't .know anything about my business. The Applicant Don't 1, though? t keep company with your type writer. Chicago Journal. . "Did your husband ever win anything at the races?" "No," answered young Mrs. Torklns. "nothing except the esteem of the; bookmakers and the sympathy of his friends." Washington Star. "They say love makes the world go round. " remarked the Impscunlous lover. Tes." ald his bride-to-be. "nut I don't e how love is going to make my salary go round." Philadelphia Press. Rimer Do yofl really prefer to have long poems sent in to you rather than short ones-? Editor Ts. When they're long, yen see. I don't have to think up any other excuse for rejecting them. Philadelphia Press. STORY OP THE De-relepwcxt Ft the SsAaet m& ten Have layeL THE pianoforte today forms part of the furnishing of nearly all our! of the White House music-room, and in I every, palace over this wide world, not! less so In the farmhouse of this genera tion, an in the homes of alt grades of men In the great cities of each continent. It adapts Itself to the performance of the concert artist, but not less to the jingle of the dance, and. to the familiar melody of the hymn tune, which draws together the family in the. Winter Sab bath evening. From time to time we hear of "time wasted." of "better learn to cook than to ptey the piano"; nevertheless the number of its students ever nom ann somehow or other time Is found both for me piano anil for the cooking School. Does it often occur to us that It has taken civilized men Just 500 years to pro duce the modem piano? Each generation. In turn. has kept alive the history o the Instrument up to its date. It is rather a laborious than a difficult matter, therefore, to mark the many stages of Its development. Even to this day one may see and try the clavichord and harpsichord on which Handel played, the "well-tempered Wavier" for which Father Bach com posed his- preludes and fueues: th spinet used by Marie Antoinette and her maids of honor In old Versailles, the harpsichord made fbr Frederick the Great, the first examples of the "piano e forte" used by Mozart and Beethoven. Nothing Is more Impressive to the mu sician than the contrast between the ad mirable and often Intricate music of those great masters and the poor and to us ru dimentary Instruments on which their fugues and gigues pastorals, suites and sonatas were performed genius trium phant Over obstacles. It may be possible to set out in simple language some Idea of the stages which have led up to the pianoforte of today. The first stringed instrument played by the striking on keys of which record re mains Is the clavichord of 1404. It was a ugni oox in wnicn tne strings, or equal length. S3 In number, covering three oc taves in all, were strained over a bridge obliquely set. which controlled the pitch of the note. The keys moved levers up ward, In which pegs or quills were fixed, to strike or grate against the strings. In the original form there was provided a means of "fretting" or scratching the string, as the strings of the violin are set In action by the bow. But about the year 1700 the fretting was discarded and Independent pairs of strings substituted, and for this "well-tempered klavler the preludes and fugues of Jo- hann Sebastian Bach were written. Another ancestor of our pianoforte was the spinet. This resembled the clavi chord In form and in Its three-octave compass. The upward movement of the "Jack or block from the key struck by the performer caused the quill set In the "Jack" to strike the stretched string in passing. The spinet belongs to the liter ature of the sixteenth century. In the England of Queen Elizabeth one finds frequent aluslons to the "verglnals," an other name for the spinet. The oldest spinet extant is In the Paris Conserva toire, and Is dated Verona, 1523. Samuel Pepys. the chronicler of the Common wealth, notes In his diary that on July 1J, 16SS he bought his "Esplnette" from Charles Haward and paid 5 for It. (Portland piano houses, please note the HOW ROGERS GOT HIS START. Millionaire Now in Limelight of Pub lic Attention. From the Philadelphia Record. T. W. Lawson's attack upon Henry H. Rogers has brought that financier into t,he limelight. For years Rogers has been the real master of the most perfect and stupendous monopoly in history the Standard Oil Company: He Is today the most powerful active agent In the money mills of the world, and yet so ofled and silent are his movements as are those of the mills themselves that few are aware that H. H. Rogers gener ates the directing energy of the huge machine of which he Is the head and eyes If riot the soul. Probably no man of equal stature in the financial arena has had a more re markable career than has H. H. Rogers. Beginning as a newsboy In New Bed ford and Fairhaven. Mass.. he has risen, risen, risen. But only now and then has he appeared on the stage. His place has been behind the scenes. But when he has chosen to court the limelight and make a hit In a momentary role other actors cast with him have thrown aside their dummy swords and run for their financial Uvea Yet thousands who have felt his hand in business competition pass him by on the streets without recognizing In the tall, brdadBhouldered. athletic figure, with eyes hidden under shaggy brows and with preternaturally long arms a heritage from his seafaring ancestors the author of their discomfiture. He is the blue goat of the street so unfamil iar Is his figure among the bulls and bears of the money cages. At a public meeting In the Fairhaven High School recently Mr. Rogers exhibit ed a lively interest in a debate on the duty of the teacher, the thinker and the citizen to his country. A young law yer attacked, the trusts and created con siderable embarrassment among those who sat near the oil king. "When the young man had concluded there was general surprise and apprehension when Mr. Rogers arose and said: "We are all monopolists in a way we desire to be, for every one of us. If a valuable Idea strikes us. can have It patented and secure exclusive control or it for a term of years. We will under such circumstances make ail the money we can out of that idea. ' "Is there anything evil in a combina tion of Ideas backed by capital? 1 worked for five years In a union gro cery store, and Ty buying our stock of a union In Boston we were enabled to sell below our competitors. Could the Penn sylvania Railroad carry on the immense amount of traffic it does If It were not for a combination? Of course, combined energy and ideas may be misdirected en ergy and Ideas, but there is ho more mis direction than in the management of the individual merchants and worklngmen of this country no, not as much." Continuing. Mr. Rogers stated tnat ne was in his 44th year In the oil business and would like to know what he had done, statements of certain critics to tha contrary notwithstanding. Answering a question as to how he got his start In business, the newly discov ered oil king said he bad worked .as hard for what he had as any one of whom he had ever heard or read. Gazing from the veranda of his Fairhaven mansion, this no less strange than successful man. who In his 64th year can write his check for J75.000.000 and get the money at any bank big enough to honor the paper, can still see the union grocery store where he worked and accumulated enough money to defray his expenses to the Pennsylvania oil fields. He had graduated at the age of 16 at the Fairhaven High School, and then peddled papers on the streets of New Bedford as a stepping-stone to the gro cery counter and wagon which he drove for five years at t& a week and hi3 board. Today a number of Fairhaven persons treasure receipted bIH3 for bags of flour and other staples which bear the signa ture Of Henry H. Rogers. One of these receipts bears the date of November. IMS, and It was shortly after that date that young Rogers burned his Fairhaven bridges behind him and Started on his Pennsylvania hazard of new fortunes. This is how tho Fair haven .grocer eoy drifted to the oil fields, i In those days tse news of Fairhaven PIANO PORTE p" "rslcerf-i-W trie Great Ox la the Fast- price!) This instrument was now set on its. own legs, and there is- quite a- look of the modern .grand" piano in Us shape. A London maker provided King Frederick the Great -tilth the harpsi chord, still in the new palace at Pots dam. Here the harpsichord sltowed Its best development: Its compasw was also enlarged. So much for one of the grandpar ents of the pianoforte of tdtiay On the other aide it traces its origin through the Inventions of- Cristoforl of Padua, in Italy, in 1709. The. prob lem was to substitute for' the "fretting-," or the crossing by the quill of the stretched string a stroke on tho face of the string by sdme form of 'hammer, which after the stroke should automatically return to its place. The dulcimer probably suggest ed the Idea. Crlstofori then devised a balanced "lever, operated by the key. which should set the hammer opposed to each, string or the spinet in action, so strike the face of the string, and then, by the pressure of a light spring be returned Instantly to its place, in readiness for another blow. The, pdwer of the hammer In setting the string vi brating was thus regulated by the force of the stroke of the finger on the keys. So appeared the pianoforte In all its essentials. Cristofori's piano fortes of 1720 and 1726. in the Flor ence Museum, are his monuments. Tho German maker Stein, of Augsburg In 17S0 Improved further by reversing the Dlace of the hammer so that its axis rose with the key and supplied a resting place for the hammers on a. rail running the whole length. Mozart met this Instrument at Augsburg In 1777, praised and used It. Beethoven also adopted and performed on it. The earliest appearance of the new name was in a play bill of the Covcnt Garden Theater in London on May IS, 1767, as follows: "At the end of Act 1 Miss Brickler will sing a favorite song from 'Ju dith' accompanied by Mr. Dibdin on a new Instrument called Piano Forte." Since then there have been number less smaller Improvements patented, but the forms now In use have emerged by a process of natural selection. Until within the past 25 years or so each well known maker made the compo nent parts and assembled them in the complete instrument in his own factory. But In this, as in so many other industries, the making of the various parts of the piano has been undertaken each in a separate factory actions by one. keys by another, cases by others, felt for tha hammers separately, and so on. By this special izing great saving of cost has been gained, and If Mr. Pepys' 5 for- hi esplnette cannot be equalled, yet the prices to the public have been re duced, and the profits of the seller of the piano increased. It seems to us that within the natural limitations im posed by the' production of musical sounds by the striking of a stretched string the mechanism, of the 20th cen tury pianoforte has reached. If not absolute, yet practical m perfection. Its range of effect is In very deed wonder ful In view of Its history so varied it is, but accessible in all its degrees to each grade of Its followers. It only the great masters of the past could have played their own music on such a pianoforte as the Portland audience will listen fo under the master play er's hands this week. W.N. village circulated around the stove and cracker barrels in the union grocery, and It was there that the future Stand ard Oil king first heard of kerosene oil. Fairhaven residents had become Inter ested in a small way In the,, oil wells. One of them was Bartholomew Taber. who kept a paint shop and' who was a customer of Charles. Pratt, the. NeW York oil refiner. Pratt told Tabc ie day when the latter was in New York tha he was looking for a young man to enter his business, and would prefer a New England boy. Young Rogers had at that time gone to Pennsylvania, and Taber recommend ed him to the New York refiner. Six weeks later young Rogers entered the firm of Charles Pratt & Co., and em barked upon a career almost without a parallel in the romance of riches. When Mark Twain, the great Ameri can humorist, awoke one morning nine years ago, following thn failure of a publishing house In which he was In terested, he found himself 515O.0CO in debt. That Henry H. Rogers came to his assistance and. violating a previous lyly unbroken rule of his career, acted as his trustee and benefactor in recoup ing the Twain losses, is one of his shin ing monuments. His gifts to his native town, including a million-dollar church, have been princely. Besides being the big man in Standard Oil and the right hand of John D. Rockefeller, he Is president of the Amal gamated Copper Company. Huntington and Big Sandy Railway, National Tran sit Company, New York Transit Company and Ohio River Railroad Company. He is also vice-president of the Anaconda and Arcadian Copper Com panies, Atlantic Coast Electric Railway Company, Chesbrough Manufacturing Company. East River Gas Company. New Amsterdam Gas Company, Federal Steel Company, International Navigation Company. National Dry Docks Company. National Storage Company. National Union Bank. Staten Island Electric Com pany, Rapid-Transit Ferry Company and trustee of the Atlantic Trust Company. THE COLORADO CONTEST. View of the Supporters of Governor Peabody. Denver Republican. ' James H. Peabody must receive the certificate of election as Governor simply and solely because he was fairly elected to that office on November 8. The frauds committed by 'the Demo cratic machine in Denver offset al most twice over tho apparent plurality for Alva Adams as shown by the face of the returns, and the Legislature Is bound both morally and legally to as sume official cognizance of this fact in canvassing the vote for executive officer of the state and determining the results of the election. This will work Justice to Governor Peabody and no wrong to Alva Adams, Mr. Peabody will simply be given the certificate in accordance with the de cree of the honest people of Colorado as expressed at 'the polls, and Mr. Adams can contest the election and then have every ballot-box in the state reooened If he wants to do so. No matter what decision might be reached by the legislature In joint session the defeated candidate for Gov ernor would have a right to bring a contest which would be determined by a- m&loritv vote of the joint assembly. i The sate, right, sane thing to do is to give Governor Peabody the seat, let ting his opponent bring the contest and we confidently believe that the Legislature will favor this wise and Just course by a majority of two to one. No Joke Once. Philadelphia Inquirer. "Let the Rev. Dr. Abbott be burned,' says the Boston Herald. That is a flippant joke now. but how would it have been 200 or 300 years ago? Ver ily, the world does grow better. Yet Probably She Was Right. New York Sun. An angry woman, after beating her husband and knocking him down at Broadway arid Thirty-third street yes terday, denounced him as a "brute." Another example of feminine logic.