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.PORTLAND TCESbAX, JAN. 3, 1005.
THE FALL OF PORT ARTHUR.
Though the fall of Port Arthur will
3KJt end the -war, It will relieve Im
mensely the long- strain to which Japan
fcs been subjected. The courage, spirit
and resolution she has shown In press
ing mis siege never have been sur
passed, in the course of iiuman history.
It Is doubtful If another nation on the
- globe could have done what Japan has
accompushed, -within the period of
about ten months. For no other na
tion could have brought up to this seat
of war the forces necessary; and the
troops of no other would have yielded
to the sacrifice or paid the price.
Japan's -advantage in being near the
eat of war was Inestimable to her; and
the absolute insensibility of her sol
diers to danger and death Is a phe
nomenon new, in these times, to the na
tions of the world. The price she has
ipald, for Port Arthur, may never be
known. She has grimly pursued her
!"ork and made no reports on it Judges
of such affairs in war have expressed
the opinion that the siege of Port Ar
thur, even "before these last operations,
had cost Japan more than 100,000 men.
Japan took Port Arthur from China.
iryXovember, 1894, after a siege of some
i-''jmimtty: "Russia. hoCkirl Jitt f"r
.tennlne in. demand.
14. htjpn should surrender the
snww wfa jw-uBiim; wnereupon .Russia,
Ktlil supportedby France and! Germany,
made a treaty with China" for. lease of
the port to iRussia, for a railway and
commercial station. -Russia was not to
fortify the port nor garrison the coun
try. But no sooner was she in posses
sion than she began to do both. Here.
i too. sho mm 4n noaltlnn to nreoi imnn
Corea and to control her policy. Japan
remonstrated, but Sussia treated her
protests with indifference. Japan
pressed most insistently, but Russia's
attitude was one of contempt, affected
or real. Finally Japan sent an -ulti
snatutn, and, getting no answer, fol
lowed it by war, for which she had
been making preparation eight or nine
years. The indemnity which China had
paid her bad enabled her to prepare a
xtaval force, the necessary key to all
iier operations. Finding she could get
do answer out of Russia, Japan, on the
9t of February, 1004, began the war by
an attack on the Russian fleet at Che
mulpo. A blockading fleet at once shut
Port Arthur in; the Japanese hastily
pushed in land forces, which had been
prepared for the emergency, and the
iand siege of Port Arthur began Mas
ai. Since then it has been at all times
closely invested. Powerful armies from
Japan were pushed on into the Llao
Tung Peninsula, and on up towards
Mukden, to prevent relief of Port Ar
thur by Russian armies from the north;
and after a series of terrible conflicts,
lasting more than, a month, the advanc
ing forces of Russia -were thrown back
on Mukden, where they have since been
held as in a vise by a great Japanese
army. It is now "Winter in those re
gions, and the climate is severe; but as
soon as possible the armies of Japan,
relieved from care of Port Arthur, will
be reinforced and pushed forward In
offensive movement on the Russians at
and about Mukden. Terrible fighting
will follow there. But Japan, having
taken Port Arthur, will not stop till
she has mad a supreme effort for ex
pulsion of the Russians from Man
churia. Whatever may happen, Russia will
never occupy Port Arthur again. The
siege and capture of Port Arthur
has been the most strenuous feat of
arms of our times. That Japan has
been able to roll back the armies of
Russia and capture this stronghold
shows that a new force has entered
the world with the advent of Japan. It
Is a fresh and new starting-point for
history. Under Japan's direction China
may be organized for powerful effort. In
directions that cannot yet be deter
mined, and the races of the Orient may
y.eJttake & large and leading part In
-Tfceaffairs of the world.
r. and Mrs. Chadwick are, among
other things, a lachrymose pair. The
former bursts into tears when shown
into the presence of his -wife; she not
to be outdone, weeps copiously at the
sight of his tears and later they weep
in concert, refusing to be comforted.
Just what this lavish flow of tears will
accomplish in getting the twain out of
the ugly predicament that one of them
at least is in. it is hard to sec. A
woman Is expected to weep when over
taken by stress of folly or misfortune,
and her tears usually excite a measure
of pity. A man in tears under such
circumstances is quite another matter,
asd one who meets vicissitude, however
distressing, with a "burst of tears," ex
cites contempt by reason of the weak
ness disclosed. Let us hope that Jfr.
Chadwick will speedily dry his eyes
and insturdy, manly .fashion' champion
his -wife's cause, even though he can
not effect a compromise with his intel
ligence that will enable him to put im
plicit trust in her story.
COLORADO'S TROUBLE. '
It is certain that great frauds were
perpetrated In Colorado in the recent
election. Indeed It has long been aVus
tom in Colorado. Denver has been the
chief seat of this industry; but It has
extended also to many other parts of
the state. It has been one of the meth
ods by which,. the Democratic machine,
since the subsidence qf the silver craze,
has held its power in' Colorado. It has
stuffed ballot-boxes even beyond need,
through sheer "wanton lu3t of ballot-box
stuffing. This criminal machine, natur
ally, has been an ally of the outlawed
Western Federation of MinersHthat has
been expelled from Colorado ' for the
state's good, as previously It was ex
pelled from Idaho for its crimes. Den
ver has Jong been In control of the
ballot-box stuffeVs, and to them both
XJnlted States Senators, Teller and Pat
terson, 0ye their seats. Shafroth,- Dem
ocrat, who was carried Into the House
of Representatives at Washington- by
these frauds, on becoming aware of
them, through an Investigation started
by his opponent, resigned the seat, with
the manly statement that he would not
hold a seat gained by such a title. . The
Senators, however, have not yet re
signed. On the face of such returns as were
made by the stuffers of ballot-boxes
and artists of returns, Alva Adams was
declared to have received for Governor
about 10.000 majority over Peabody. A
Democratic majority was also counted
Into the Legislature. But the Repub
licans appealed to the Supreme Court
for an order for re-examination of the
ballot-boxes and got It; and sufficient
evidences of fraud were obtained to de
feat the Democratic machine's purpose
of controlling the Legislature'. ' Now
they attack, through the Legislature,
which has the constitutional duty of
canvassing the vote for Governor, the
claim that Adams has been elected; and
it is said that the Legislature will seat
Peabody.
A controversy of this kind Is nothing
Jess than deplorable. In the endeavor
to redress great wrongs other great
wrongs are usually committed. It Is
an extraordinary course that the Re
publicans of Colorado are taking; there
Is grave liability to injustice in it, and
work of this kind may, moreover, be
come precedent for the worst of an
archy. It can be Justified, If at all. only
by a situation that has become Intoler
able and otherwise irremediable. On
the whole, it seems to The Oregonian
better to bear a present wrong than
to attempt to right it by methods so
drastic as probably to carry with them
equal or greater injustice and wrong.
However, it is not to be thought of that
the crimes perpetrated in elections In
Colorado during so Jong a period should
be allowed to continue; but other -ways
less "thorough" ought to be found of
stopping them.
HOW TO GUARANTEE PEACE.
"Here." said the city editor to a new
reporter, "go and report this peace
meeting." The reporter In dues time
returned. "Well, Where's your peace
story?" inquired the city editor. 'There
is none," was the reply. "The meeting
broke up in a row;" Thjs is a stock
newspaper story that appears to have
peculiar pertinence In Portland at this
time.
Nobody wants war, and nobody who
is anybody wants peace if it must be
secured at the price of vital National
interest or National honor. To have
peace we must often fight for It, and to
be assured of peace we must always be
ready for war. The international peace
meeting at the Marquam Sunday un
derstood this exactly. The resolutions
that provoked such violent opposition
from the warlike minority, and were
finally adopted through the overwhelm
ing persistence of the belligerent major
ity, were In the highest .sense expressive
of the sentiment and purposes of alt pa
triotic Americans. "We are not believ
ers In peace at any price," declared the
resolutions, "but we do believe In peace
with honor and we hold that many, if
not all,, international differences can be
amicably and honorably adjusted."
Sure. And If they cannot be amica
bly and honorably adjusted, we take It
that the resolutions mean that then we
should fight to the last ditch. "None of
us," declared one speaker, "are believ
ers in peace at any price." "Tomorrow
morning, if there came news of another
Boxer outbreak in China, the men on
this platform might be the very first
to go," said another. "The blood of a
nation determines Its history," said an
other. "I don't think war is an un
mixed evil," said another. And the
man who presented the resolutions said
that "this country is mighty enough to
preserve the world's peace." How? By
the Big Stick.
THE REAL DANGER IN ATHLETICS.
Though some fatalities occur each
year as the result -of playing football.
It has been pointed out that -in a ma
jority of cases the victims were boys
between the ages of 12 and 17 years.
The obvious lesson of this Is, not that
football should be abolished, but that
the players should not be too young
and that they should -be carefully se
lected and trained.
The real danger in football, as sug
gested by the Saturday Evening Post,
as in other games that are a test of
physical strength and endurance, lies
not near but remote from the activities
of the game. The college athlete set
tles down, in due time, to the routine
of business' life or the sedentary work
of the professions. The forces of the
vital organs, developed perhaps beyond
the normal by the activities of football,
rowing, etc,, become inert and useless.
Nature abhors useless tissue, as she Is
said to abhor a vacuum. The. over
developed heart, muscles and lungs de
generate through inactivity and invite
disease. It is thus that many men In
middle life or before, fall a prey to
typhoid fever, consumption and heart
disease, who In their college- days, or
sporting days, were perfect in bodlly
development, young giants In strength
and of great powers of endurance.
Physical exercise, to be a boon to the
individual, must be persisted In, not
spasmodically and strenuously, but sys
tematically and Intelligently. Glad
stone at SO wielded the ax in the forest
at Hawarden for an hour or more a
day. not only without fatigue, but with
benefit to his health. It Is probable
that, had he confined himself to seden
tary occupations in his leisure time,
he would ten years before have yielded
to the Inactivities of body which result
in senile decay while yet the muscles
Should be firm and the hext a sound
pumping station, distributing the vital
fluid, throughout thchody unhampered
by "fatty degeneration" or valvular
weakness.
As before said, physical exercise to be
beneficial and not detrimental in the
long run must be persisted is after the
careful college days have given place
to the earnest working days. There are
vocation that provide for this. The
graduate, of the technical school or of
the agricultural college, if he follows
the vocation for which he has been pre
pared, "Rill not fall a victim to the"
aftermath of college athletics. He will
find work for his body as well as "his
brain In the . pursuit of his vocation
But it Is quite" otherwise with the pro
fessional man, and' he should look to
it that the athletic training that made
him grandly alive in his youth and
early manhood isjiot a snare to his
health when he comes to sit at a desk
In a counting-house, wrangle in courts
of law, prescribe for human ails and Ills
In a doctor's office; stand all day long
at the dentist's chair, or scheme with
politicians In smoke-laden -corridors
over matters of political preferment
If such .men would keep the. house
they live In in good repair and forestall
all danger of a sudden, collapse, they
would do well to supplement 'the ath--letlc
sports of their college days by
exercises at least three times a week
for forty minutes between business and
dinner that will bring Into play the
muscles of the entire body. Develop
ment of the physical forces in youth
will thus be turned to good .account
throughout .the working years and
bring many a man dorrn to the evening
of life untrammeled by bodily infirmi
ties, who would otherwise h'ave.dropped
by the wayside before its noon was
reached. The "simple llfe"v of which
we hear so much and see so little bears
no resemblance to the strenuous life
that has received indorsement In high
places;-but the even life, void of all
extremes.
ONE SIDE AND THE OTHER.
It Is beyond doubt that our producers
along the Canadian border are deeply
concerned In maintaining a tariff that
shal keep 'out Canadian commodities
wheat, lumber, livestock and wool,
poultry and dairy products. It affects
our line of states from Maine to the
Rocky Mountains, but not largely west
of the Rocky' Mountains, because in
this section the markets depend on con
ditions of another kind. But there Is
immense strength, lor protection all
along the Canadian border. The whole
line of our states is for It One of the
large wheatgrowers of North Kakota
Oliver Dalrymple puts the case thus:
Reciprocity trill causs a shrinkage of nearly
$ 100.0(0.000 a year In the value of tha Amer
ican grain, crops and $200,000,000 In the value
of the grain farms of the United State?, which
shrinkage will Increase with time. The value
of our farms and grain will decline and theirs
advance.
Wheatgrowers have told good, merchantable
wheat In the Chicago .market several years oft
and on for 55 cents a burbel. When the duty
la cut off and Canadian wheat pours in this
I5-cent wheat will be seen again, and then
farmers will plant their wheat lands to corn,
and cause an overproduction of torn, and wo
will read again, of farmers In the corn belt
using com for fuel, and the farms will be
unprofitable and unsalable. Then where will
our merchants and manufacturers be?
Against Canadian wheat our grow
ers along the border are protected by
duty of twenty-five cents a bushel.
The wheat farmer of the Dakotas puts
in this further plea, viz:
The gralngrowers of the United States should
promptly stand together and watchfully In
voke and expect the aid of the public press
and of their mefnbevs In Washington, and ap
preciate the efforts of those who are assisting
In the maintenance of the law In Its entirety
to the public good. Secretary Wilton informs
us that the farming interest Is the large t
interest In the United States and that the an.
nual value of all farm products la close to
5,000.O00.O00. It is Important In National
movements to look ahead, start right and keep
right.
This is one side of the subject But
there is another. It is assumed that
.free introduction of Canadian wheat
would lower the price, and bread, there
fore would be cheaper. There is a lot
of people who do not grow wheat, yet
want cheaper bread. What would they
say?
IMPROVED WEATHER BUREAU
SERVICE.
Vast improvement has been made in
the service of the Weather Bureau since
completion of the cable to North Head
enabled the local office to keep in close
touch with the changing conditions at
that point The storm warnings that
have been posted by the bureau have
been of untold value to the shipping in
terests, and now receive the closest
consideration from shipmasters and
others with property Interests on the
sea at stake. Completion of the cable
has also resulted in much better service
in ship reporting at the mouth of the
river. In every respect improvement
has been so pronounced that it Is quite
noticeable, and suggests that stllP
greater efficiency could be secured by
an extension of- the cable system in
places where land lines have proven al
most valuless on account of the im
possibility of keeping them up during
storms, when they are worse needed
than at any other time.
Our shipping interests, both coastwise
and foreign, have expanded so rapidly
that there are a tremendous amount
of property and thousands of men con
cerned in this service. On the Atlantic
Coast the cable system along the coast
is quite generally employed- Jn prefer
ence to the land lines, which there", as
here, are too difficult to maintain dur
ing bad weather. This season the only
delays experienced by the Weather Bu
reau in sending out warnings of ap
proaching storms were when the storms
swept in from the north, and there was
no communication from Cape Flattery
and vicinity. With a good, substantial
cable running from Port Crescent to
Neah Bay and Flatten, thence on
down the coast, touching at one or two
points between Flatter' and Gray's
Harbor, news of approaching storms or
distressed vessels could be quickly com
municated to all interested parties. In
comparison with the resultant benefits
in saving life and property, the cost of
extending this cable the entire length
of the Washington and Oregon coasts
would be small indeed. It is only about
a month ago that three men from the
waterlogged schooner Webfoot reached
the beach alive a short distance south
of Tillamook and perished from expos
ure before they were discovered sev
eral days later. ,
The bodies, of these men were not
found until several days after the
schooner which they had abandoned
reached port, and. had there been any
means of communication along the
coast it is highly probable that their
lives would have been saved, as dwell
ers in the Isolated coast country could
have been notified to look out for them.
The establishment of cable communica
tion with -these -remote localities would
not be entirely an unremunerative en
terprise, for there is considerable tele-
grapkic. B-utintM that cmM .fee .hassled
on a commercial basis, and that from
some points where the cable should
touch would be almost sufficient to pay
the expense of maintaining the station.
The Government has built and. Is main
taining some long and expensive lines
to Alaska, and, while they are of great
importance, they Are proportionately of
less value "to our commercial Interests
than these local lines would be.
The service of the Weather Bureau
throughout the country Is better than It
has even-been, and the only imperfec
tions are due to Improper facilities such
as haye been mentioned. We are still
dependent to a certain extent on the
co-operation of the Canadian odl"
for advices regarding the approach of
storms from the north, and the service
would be improved by the establish"
ment of stations at Blaine and North
port, on our own side of the line. From
a commercial as well-as a humanitarian
point of view, it is an urgent necessity
that our shipping interests be safe
guarded by these improvements in the
facilities of the Weather Bureau. -It Is
a matter la which aft Pacific Coast
ports are alike interested, and It should
and undoubtedly will receive the unani
mous support of thc Oregon, Washing
ton and .California delegations at
Washington.
The spectacular "Mr. Lawson Is sched
uled for another otttbtirst in the stock
market today. The usual Lawsonlan
mystery as to what course this attack
will take Is hovering In the surcharged
air of Wall street The frenzied Bos
tonian has been having considerable
fun with the awful "System" simply by
promising to tell something which the
people do not already know. It will
soon be up to him to "make good" on
some of these threats. It i3 a very old
fable thatteJls about the boy who cried
"Wolf!" when there was no wolf and
experienced unpleasant results from his
actions. If there is a "wolf in this
case, an ennuled public would like to
have Tommy trot him out where we
can see him perform his tricks. If not,
why all of his preliminary verbiage
next to pure reading matter at so much
per line?
With steady gain in growth of Port
land's shipping business, It Is unreason
able to expect that our water traffic
can all be confined to" that portion of
the "front" lying below the bridges. It
is equally nureasonable to expect that
anything short of a twenty-five-fbot
channel can meet the requirements of
the business now going on above the
bridges in steadily Increasing volume.
Hence It becomes necessary that some
action be taken toward increasing the
depth of water above the Madison
street bridge. Chairman Burton, of the
river and harbor committee, states that
the Government will not undertake the
work, and It accordingly falls back on
the Port of Portland, which, after all,
has borne the brunt of the task of im
proving the river for many years.
Chefoo is likely to figure prominently
in the' next gathering of the powers at
The Hague. The Ryeshltelnl incident,
when the Japanese cut out that Rus
sian destroyer, and the blowing up of
the Rastoropny have both been over
shadowed by the flight of four addi
tional destroyers to Chefoo. Even al
though the vessels arc disarmed and In
terned until the end of the war. It is
clear that the spirit of neutrality is vio
lated by allowing numbers of fleeing
warships to save themselves from cap
ture by dashing into an adjacent port
International opinion. In view of the
circumstances, would probably not be
opposed to Japan's insistence upon the
surrender by China of the Russian de
stroyers now In Chefoo.
Russia's determination to expend
enormous sums In building a new navy
Is of doubtful expediency. The empire
Is essentially a land power, and con
solidation of its land forces would ren
der it more secure than the spending
of billions upon ships which will be
manned by landsmen and suffer the
same fate as the vessels of the Port
Arthur squadron. Money alone' cannot
make a navy, any more than a collec
tion of ships can make a fleet Were
Russia to reach a temperate coast line,
the sailor spirit would come in time ani
the. sea-sword of the Czar might be
come as dread a weapon as hla. land
ward arm.
A dispatch from Tangier states that
the Sultan has decided to yield all the
points at Issue with France. This de
cision is in keeping with those' which
are always arrived at when the muzzles
of the guns get the range of the palace
walls. In this respect the Morocco Sul
tan bears a striking resemblance to
that other Sultan who dwells at Con
stantinople. Like Davy Crockett's
coon, both of these saddle-colored gen
tlemen "come down" because they
have to.
It cost the Wabash Railroad $35,000,
000 to get Into Pittsburg. The Pennsyl
vania Railroad is expending 5200,000.000
In securing a New Tork terminal. The
same railroad contemplates enlarging
Its terminal facilities at Chicago at a
total cost of $30,000,000. Xet the march
of railroad terminal improvement Is not
confined to the great Eastern cities.
Portland is to have umbrella sheds put
in at its fine union station, at a total
cost of several thousand dollars.
There was a loud call at Sunday's
peace meeting for the text of the pro
posed treaty between the United States
and Great Britain. "Never mind," said
the chairman, "the text of the treaty
has been published in the newspapers."
Not If Secretary Hay knows It It goes
first to the United States Senate.
It Is matter of curious inquiry, or of
inquiry for the curious, why General
Miles, who is so afraid of the subver
sion of our liberties by military force,
should desire to strut at the head of an
army in Massachusetts.
The Springfield (Mass.) Union, In
speaking of the Lewis and Clark Fair,
says: "Thousands will take the oppor
tunity to visit the Coast and see a fair
that will repay the trouble and ex
pense." Japan had to have Port Arthur, and
her spirit In putting up the price for It
has won the admiration of mankind.
The sentiment of the Portland peace
meeting was that we must have peace
if we have to fight for it
Either Dr. Chadwick knew very little
of business or very little of his wife.
Another impregnable fortress has
fallen. V
NOTE- km C0MHEXT.
Detroit. Mich.. Dec 15. To the Editor of
Harper's Weekly.') Sir: The editorials In Har
per's are a source of great pleasure to me.
I a, -sir. E. T. H.
That's an Interesting letter tor wMch.
to use up space In - a, weekly of geaeral
circulation. It Is a great thing for ua
out In Portland .to kspw that some De
troit man or -woman having lor th in
itials,. e his or her naxno- the letters S.
T. H. finds pleasure in reading Harper's.
Perhaps the letter Is printed as a joke
on EL T. H, for it Is funny to ,fla& a
person, enjoying 'the editorials that are
appearing in the Weekly since It gave up
sparkling from the fence during the Pres
idential campaign."
The Dowager Queen of Italy was deliv
ered of a profound" remark on New Tear's
day. "America Is a most Interesting
country," she said, and her words were
cabled all the way across the Atlantic;
The observation 'Shows Its aUthorito be
an unusually deep thinker for a Queen.
Peabody and Adams are having a great
gamoof see-eaw in Colorado.
The Japanese found It easier to cork
Port Arthur than'-to break the bottle.
A distinguished theatrical manager in
London says that players should speak
verse so that their audience cannot dis
tinguish It from prose. Shakespeare
would be pleased with this dictum, were
he alive,- for all the world knows that as
George Bernard Shaw has said, he wrote
in verse because he hadn't time to use
the more difficult medium ot prose.
The Sketch draws attention to the fact
that the modern rifle has been so im
proved thai its trifling effects have to
be augmented by the use of a weapon
Invented about 1530, the hand grenade,
which the Japanese and Russians havq
used at Port Arthur. In former times,
says the Sketch, each regiment -had one
company of. grenadiers, composed of the
tallest men, and this company had the
post of honor on the right of the line
on parade. The men had to be able to
throw the grenade 3 yards, and had a
regular drill, In Its use. It. would be odd
If the grenadiers companies were revived.
Today Lawson has scheduled another
attack upon the stock market. Let the
small Investors seek the cyclone cellar.
And after all It fell without a dull,
sickening thud.
Each cop was presented with a whole
cigar on' New Tear's day. With care
that should last until Christmas.
No person with his hands in his pock
ets Is allowed to approach the President
This Is etiquette reinforced by caution.
Americans have shown the dull Eng
llshry how to hustle up skyscrapers, to
dig subways, to make shoes, to quick
lunch, and how to do. a thousand other
things requiring the doer to get a move
on. Now, some hustling Chicago evange
lists are showing Liverpudlians the way
to rustle souls into the celestial corral.
These energetic fellows flooded Liverpool
with glaring red and white cards bearing
the slmplo advice, "Get right with God."
The morning postman brought the cards
to the breakfast table. The "pubs" were
filled with them when a man went for a
glass of ale. The hallways were littered
with the cards. They were thrust into
the hands of people on the streets. In
short. Liverpool was fairly snowed under
with these evidences of Chicago get-up-and-git
methods. Needless to say, more
souls wcro saved in one day than the
phlegmatic English revivalists could save
in six months. Chicago was ever to the
front In religious matters, and the suc
cess of the Liverpool campaign is an
other feather in the cap of Dowie's
annex.
Colombia is thinking about another
revolution. Panama will feel strange at
being outside the periphery.
The Sprlnfield Republican says that
most people will hardly believe that $50,
000,000 a year is spent on golf. Anyone
will believe it that has ever seen a golfer
making approach shots with highballs.
Boston, according to the Globe, of that
city, has decided upon a name for its
submarine tunnel to East Boston. "Sub-
paqueous corridor" is the new name. We
had expected something better than that
from Boston. Even a savage and lanate
Occidental can pronounce "subaqueous
corridor."
A Chicago woman has been granted a
divorce because her husband hypnotized
her into the marriage. It takes a. Chi
cago court to add hypnotism to the al
ready very inclusive list of causes for
divorce. On this ground divorces will
come easy for men, for there never yet
was a wedding in which the man had not
been more or less the victim of hypnot
ism. There is no other way of explaining
most marriages.
Says tho Argonaut: A London mother
heard terrible shrieks from the nursery
and rushed up to inquire. In the middle
of the floor sat Jackie and Ethel, voices
uplifted. On the table sat the senior,
Thomas, aged 8, with hla mouth full.
"What's the matter, children?" cried
mamma. "Boo o ! wc were playing
Garden of Eden." sobbed. Ethel. "Tea,"
said mamma, picking Ethel up; "I told
you the story yesterday. But why are
you crying over it?" Ethel stopped her
tears, and pointed furiously at the
brother on the table. "God's eat the. ap
ple!" she shrieked.
WEX. J.
Good Roosevelt Story.
While Theodore Roosevelt was Gover
nor of New Tork a certain newspaper cor
respondent, during an Interview with the
Governor, attempted skillfully to put cer
tain words into his mouth. Mr. Roosevelt
said to him: "Tou may draw as many
conclusions as you like, but don't attrib
ute them to me,", and then he told tht
following story: "There was once a col
ored minister who. In delivering a forced
ful sermon on the sin of theft said: "I
see before me 12 chicken thieves, includ
ing William Sanders.' William Sanders
was naturally Incensed at this and
threatened the preacher with personal
violence. The minister's friends persuad
ed him to promise that if the preacher
would withdraw the accusation he would
not barm him. They then went to the
minister, who promised them that he
would withdraw the accusation next Sun
day. Therefore, in the pulpit on the fol
lowing Sunday, the minister said that a
remark of bis in his last sermon had been
the cause of offense, and he would there
fore amend it 'What I should have said
was this: "I see before roc 11 chicken
thieves, not Including William San
ders." ' "
Rare Inducement.
Philadelphia Press.
"I thought they weren't going to be
married until the Spring."
"Yes: but they changed their minds
suddenly, and did the thing yesterday-.
Yon see, they happened to find a good
servant girl out of a job spi$ they
wanted to snap her up."
FAMOUS SIEGES OF HISTORY r
Hew the Art of Attack: Jie-rr Excels the X etfcaAs et Defease Im
pregMBle Fortress Dees Not Exiat
St. James Gasstte. " r-.
IT is only Trtthla. . the last SO years,
(rem the yeriod when Vauban flour
ished, tkat tfce. 're-inlneEC of the at
tack oyer the 4eno of fortresses has
extoted. When the anas employed were
slings a4 arrows, the high and thick
walls of fortresses offered . Insuperable
obstacles steges thea were sfanplo block
ades; while for long after the Invention
of gunpowder the superiority or the de
fense was mainly due to the' great. dl
culty of dragging up heavy ordnance with
a besieging army, so that the weight of
metal being generally In- favor of the be
sieged the fire, of the fortress was able
to subdue that of the attack.
Durteg "Vaaban's youth a siege was a
bloody and precarious undertaking, con
ducted as ..follows: The approaches were
pushed forward to the glacis, when the
covered way was assaulted. A covered
descent was then made Into tho flitch,
and a breach was made by the miners.
This also was assaulted. After the cap
ture of the outworks the sain work was
breached and assaulted, and then the
Interior intreachiaents.
From being engaged In the service of
the most ambitious monarch of modern
times, Leuis XIV, Vauban applied his
great tales ts to forward his master's
views. He secured his approaches- from
being enveloped by the introduction -of
parallels, and, avoiding assaults, accom
plished his purpose by well-directed man
ual labor, thus pretectlng that irresistible
system ot attack, which has ever since
been successfully followed.
A siege scientifically prosecuted Is beau
tifully certain in its progress and result
In the case of a protracted siege, how
ever, we invariably hear that the sit
uation Is about to be reversed and that
the problem of the impregnable fortress
has at last been. solved. Humanity will
have cause to rejoice in such a triumph
of military art, but as yet there are no
signs of it coming to pass. Of course,
many sieges have failed (and failure Is
usually attended with severe loss or dire
disaster), as a rule through the resources
at the disposal of the besiegers being ln
sufScienet for the Investment, but these
form no exception to this rule:
The most famous sieges of noaera
times may now be enumerated:
In 1S07 Dantzic hold out for T6 days,
and again In 1S13 for -M days, preceded
by a six woeks blockade.
From June 27 to August 1. 1S08, a few
thousand Spaniards were besieged by
17.000 picked French troops in Sarragossa.
which thlii time capitulated after a heroic
resistance lasting 63 days, and accom
plished by sap and mine from house to
house.
The Peninsular sieges are famous for
the numerous assaults of the breach
and escalades, which were almost un
known in the earlier sieges. Badajos
stood two sieges, first m 1811, one1 of 33
days, which was raised, and, second, to
1S12. one of 30 days, which was success
ful by means of a glorious escalade. Bur
gos compelled the attackers to withdraw
after they had besieged It for 34 days,
and the failure, due to the miserable
appltances of the besiegers, undid the
fruits of Salamanca.
The siege of St Sebastian, occupying
51 days of the year 1812, was attended
by terribly severs fighting. Out ot a
force of 9000 strong. 3509 were killed and
wounded, and the siege train of 50 pieces
expended 70,831 rounds, the breaching
battery of ten guns once averaging 330
pounds per gun in 15 hours.
The siege at Antwerp by the French In
1S32 was one of the most scientific in his
tory. The garrison of this fortified cita
del numbered 5000 men, and was opposed
to the attack of a besieging army 13
times its strength. After 2 days the
fortress was reduced to a heap of ruins,
and the exhausted defenders decided not
to stand an assault. Tho great lesson
deduced from this siege was that the be
sieging army should be from four to Ave
times the strength ot the garrison.
The siege ot Sebastopol was one of the.
longest on record; it lasted 349 days. At
its close the Russians opposed 952 guns in
the first line to about SO of the allies,
and at the final assault, which failed in
six points out of seven, the ramparts
were intact, and the troops had to ad
vance for nearly .200 yards without cover.
One only of the works in the main line
the Malakoff was ever taken.
Practically all the land defenses of
Sebastopol were developed In the form of
a vast system of earthworks subsequent
to the first bombardment, and the defend
ers constructed such an important ad
vanced work as the Mamelon five months
later.
The French excavated 42 miles and the
English eight miles of trenches, but the
approaches never reached the ditch. How
ever, the Chersonese stronghold was
never Invested; from the north the enemy
could always receive reinforcements and
supplies.
On the other hand, Kars was only
starved into surrender in 1S5 after a
heroic struggle ot Ave months. In which
REASONS FOR SUICIDE.
Chicago News.
Nearly ail great men are said to have
a tinge of melancholy In their blood
and are subject at times to periods .of
great depression. Napoleon at the be
ginning of his career was in great
financial distress and was prevented
from drowning himself only by the"
timely pecuniary aid of a schoolmate.
Bismarck is said to have declared after
the battle of Sadowa that he would
have killed himself had the Prussians
been beaten. Byron, while writing
"Chllde Harold," said he would have
blown his brains out but fer the re
flection that It would give pleasure to
his mother-in-law.
Reasons for self-destruction are
oftfcn very curious. Men have been
known to put an end to their lives to
escape toothache or other pain. The
dread of disease has been known to
affect the mind to such an extent that
the victim has destroyed bimselt
rather than face it Weariness of
money and good things to eat have
been the cause ot suicide as well.
One man drowned himself In the
Seine because of the color of his hair,
which was flaxen. Another shot him
self because his clothes did not fit him.
A girl threw herself into the Danube
because, her companions laughed at her
corpulence. A Frenchman took poison
.to spite his mother-in-law because
she Insisted upon living with him.
How Port Arthur Got Food.
London Times.
The medium-sized Northern Chinese
junks make first-class blockade runners.
They are built very low in the water,
with the decks awash when loaded, so
that only the bow and stern rise notice
ably above the water line. They are
strong, flat-bottomed, and of unpainted
dirty wood, with no bright colors about
them. Propelled by from 10 to 20 oars
men. If the sails fall, they glide through
the water with no noise or smoke, and
are very difficult of detection. Dodging
along the shore and among the numer
ous islets, which extend from the Shan
Tung Peninsula across the mouth of Pc
chlli Gulf, they closely resemble the low,
brown rocks, and during the past months
hundreds of them have evaded the Jap
anese watchers and carried tons of fresh
provisions and vegetables to the belea
guered Port Arthur garrison.
. Abe' a Welcome Visitor,
Kent (Ma.) News.
Abe Cohen, the enterprising Sandy Bot
tom merchant, paid the News composing
room, a visit this week, and he was so
Impressed with the dirty towel he saw
there that he has kindly sent us tbre".
elegant towels from his department store
Abe is all right. Come again. Mr. Cohen,
and we'll show you our coal bin!
appalling slaughter was; inflicted useft
the besiegers. I..
The Investment f beUii took place on
Jurie 8, 1857, and the siege began a Wk
later, proceeding for three months, un
der most disadvantageous conditions. At
length, on September S. the heavy bat
teries were got Into action, and an. as
sault was prepared. On the lUh of jk
temfeer the troops advanced to storasthe
gates in tho face of an overwhelming
rebel garrison. an In spite of serious
losses succeeded by a marvelous diss lay
gallantry in. carrying the bastion and '
occupyl&ff the eastern portion of the. city.
For five days heavy fighting continued
In the streets, tin oa September 2 the
whole city was won.
Tho principal sleses in the American
War of Secession, were Vlcksbur. and
Richmond. The invsstment of the for
mer closed May If. 1963, and on. the
Fourth of July fallowing the place ca
pitulated with 30.0 n.
The siege ot Pet-ersrr began on July
11, 18W. Gradual approaches were at
tempted, but the difficulty ot pushing
them against a long We of strong works,
which could not be enveloped and wer
defended by equal forces, was fouad to
be so great as to ofter small chances of
success.
The lines gradually extended a 2Z
miles, comprising X. forts and 50 batter
ies. The movements' of troops operating
upon the lines of communication, wkteh
up to the last were held by the eaeaay.
finally rendered an assault practicable y
drawing a large part of the defenders
away from their works. It was givsi on
April 2, 186S. and most of the works were
captured. The defenders evacuate tjjie
city during the following night
The Danish redoubts of Duppel were
but poor affairs, and only armed wttn .
smooth-bore popguns, nevertheless- tie
kdefense lasted 65 days. They ftefe
stormed on April 15, ish. Dy it,w zasn,
who suffered 1188 casualties.
In the Franco-German War famuli
sieges were undertaken at only Bort
and Strassburg. and partial slegeft at
Paris, Schlettstadt and Longwy. Tka
most modern fortifications of Paris ij?ere
30 years old, and the average age qf te
rest 150 years. All were Ill-formed.
Strassburg was invested on August, 2.
1S70, and the siftffe began on August
lasting 51 days. The siege train com
prised 60,tt men; with 200 guns and, 100
mortars. The garrison numbered 17,060.
The attack was made by regular ap
proaches, the outworks being breached
by distant flrs and by mining, ana" tho
main rampart by the high angle flra of
batteries in the second parallel. Every
thing had been prepared for the final as
sault when the city capitulated, on Sep
tember 27. The German artillery fired
193,722 rounds.
Belfort held out for 103 days, but the
besiegers were Insufficient -30,000 men
pitted against a- garrison of 17,000. Tha
bombardment lasted day and night from
December 3, 18?!, to February 13. 1871, tha
Germans throwing 500,000 projectiles into
the town.
Paris held out 131 days, but the bom
bardment of the advanced works' only
was comparatively -short -from Decem
ber 27, 1870, to January 28, 1871. Longwy
made a vigorous defense of 29 days. The
Germans bombarded at long range a
number of French fortified towns, while
they Invested others, and "observed";
more, but these cannot be classed aa
sieges.
In 1877 the Russians tried to rush Os
man Pacha's intrenched camp at Plevna.
They first attacked the place on July 20
with 7C00 men, and were hurled back
with a loss of one-third. They next as
saulted on July 30 with 38,000 and were
repulsed with a' loss of TWO. On Septem
ber U, after a four days bombardment,
they made a third fruitless attempt with
SO.000 and lost 18,500. They then concluded
to resort to a blockade rather- than a
siege.
The line they occupied was 46 miles in
length, and the strength of the investing
army attained 107,000 Infantry, with 510
field guns, but only 40 siege guns. The
Turkish garrison was never stronger
than 40.000. Oaman attesapted to break
out on December 9, but feting surrounded
and terribly defeated, he surrendered un
conditionally on the following day.
At the same period Kars, though
strengthened since 1865 with 12 detached
forts and a citadel, resisted only 30 days.
As their bombardment with 48 pieces
failed utterly, the Russians decided to as
sault with S5.O30 men, which they did on
the bright moonlight night of November
17-18. 1877. This was a singularly well
executed affair. The points of attack were
skillfully selected, the various columns
attacked simultaneously, and the Turks
were taken completely by surprise. Of
the garrison of 23,000, all save 40 were
killed, wounded or captured. The Rus
sian casualties numbered 2273.
The three great sieges so called, in
the South African War were Mafeklng,
216 days; Klmberly. 128 days, and Lady
smith. 118 days. None was a fortress,
and the places were invested rather than
besieged.
TREATY WITH FRANCE.
The Chicago Tribune prints what it
says Is the full text of the arbitration
treaty between the United States and
France. It in the model on which all
the other treaties have been framed,
and, if the secret files of the Senate
could be examined. It would be. seen
to read as follows;
The Government of tbe United StatW of
America and the government of the French re
public, slsnatorles of the convention for the
pacific settlement ot International disputes,
concluded at Hague, July 23, 1869. takinz
Into consideration that by article XIX of that
convention, the high contracting' parties have
reserved to themselves the right of concluding
agreements, with a view to referring- to arbi
tration all questions which they shall conajder
possible to submit to such treatment, have
authorized the undersigned to conclude the to!,
towing- arrangement:
Article I. Differences which, may arise of, a
legal nature, or relating- to the Interpreta
tion of treaties existing between the two con
tracting parties, and which It may not have
"been possible to settle by diplomacy, shall be
referred to the permanent court of arbitration
established at The Hague by the convention
of July 20, 1S09. provided, nevertheless that
they do not affect the vital Interests, the inde
pendence, or the honor of the two contracting
states, and do not concern the interests cf the
third parties.
Article II. In each Individual case the high
contracting parties; before appealing to the
permanent court ot arbitration, shall conclude
a special agreement denning clearly the matter
In dispute, the scope, powers, the arbitrators,
and the periods to be fixed for the formation
of the arbitral tribunal and the eeveral stages
of the procedure.
Article III. The present convention shall be J
notified by the President of the United States
of America, by and with advice and consent
of the Senate thereof; it shall become effective
on the day of such ratification, and shall re
main In force for a pfrlod of five years there
after. Done in duplicate in the English and French
languages, at Washington, this first day of
November, in the year 1004.
JOHN HAT.
JUESERAND.
Eggs as Currency.
London Globe.
Eggs are said to be a recognized
form of currency in the West of Ire
land. Thiy possess the disadvantage of
not being negotiable later than a
month after issue, except for political'
purposes, for which they can be
banked months ahead.
Never Had a Chance. '
Washington Star.
"What is the greatest speech that
Congress ever developed?
'The greatest speech," said the
statesman -with the disappointed look,
"was never delivered. I wrats it myself."