THE MOHXIKGOREGONIAN,. MONDAY, DECEilBEH 19, 190
PLANS FOR CANAL
Four Schemes Before
Engineer Wallace.
THREE GALL FOR BIG DAM
Water and Light Would Thus
Be Given Entire Isthmus.
WORK COULD GO ON AT NIGHT
Sea-Level Canal, While Costing More
ITIme and Money to Build, Could
Be Maintained and Enlarged
at Much Less Cost.
FOUR POSSIBLE SOLUTION'S. .
First Ninety-foot dam at Boh Jo; cost,
$200,000,000.
Second Sixty-foot dam, -with two
Jockn, .at Bohlo, or at Gatun, with dam
at Gamboa, providing power for electric
plant and water supply for 'Panama,
Colon and the entire canal; cost, 4225,-
vw.wu; open lor tramc m 10 years;
4 completed In 12 years.
Third Dam at Gumboa, gtlng 30-foot
T level, canal with single lock at illra
I Cores, and single Ioclc at Bohlo; cost,
I t250.000.000; open In 12 years, completed
4 in 15 years.
I Fourth Sea-level canal, with tidal lock
at Miraflores. with dam at Gamboa;
i cost, $300,000,000: open In 15 years.
completed In 20 years.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 18. John F.
"Wallace, chief engineer of the Isthmian
Canal Commission, has given the House
committee on Interstate and foreign
commerce the benefit of his Investiga
tions so far as made regarding the en
gineering tasks to be performed In the
construction of the Panama canal. The
testimony was taken aboard the Army
transport Sumner in Colon harbor on
the occasion of the recent visit of the
committee to the canal zone. It is to be
printed for the use of Congress.
The Associated Press has been given
the benefit of the testimony in advance
of Its publication through the courtesy
of Chairman Hepburn and Secretary
Cushman, of the commission. Before
taking up In detail the four distinct
canal propositions which are being con
sidered by him and on which he is to
report to the canal commission, Mr.
Wallace made this explanation of the
general problem:
"The isthmus Is traversed by a moun
tain range, the summit .of whjch Is ap
proximately 12 mUes from the Faclfic
and 35 miles from the Caribbean. Orig
inally a gorge evidently existed from
the Caribbean near Colon to the vicin
ity of Gamboa and extended beyond
mat point In an easterly direction
forming the upper basin of the Chagres
River.
Gorge of the Chagres.
"After filling this gorge with an al
luvial deposit the Chagres has swung
itselt from one side of the valley to
the other. The result is that the thread
of the original gorge cannot be fol
lowed or found from surface indica
tions, and it is only by drilling to bed
iw. mai uiaci lniormation of any
particular locality can be obtained.
"The presonce or boulders in this al
luvial deposit also explains the reason
why engineers, not taking time to go
into the rock far enough to determine
its actual character, have been misled
into thinking they had struck bedrock.
To determine the most feasible plan for
the construction of the canal will re
quire a most careful and comprehen
slvo examination, not only of surface
conditions but the subsurface must be
oxplored.
Poor Site for a Dam.
"After following the valley of the
Chagres to Gamboa the line of the
canal follows a tributary called the
Obispo up the summit of Culbera, and
thence follows down the valley of thie
Rio Grande into the Bay of Panama.
The summit of Culebra was originally
about 300 feet above the sea level and
is the lowest point in the divide along
the entire length of the Isthmus of
Panama. The plan of the former com
mission provided for a dam of prac
tically 100 feet in height above sea
level, at Bohlo, with a water level of 90
feet above tea level.
'This place was selected on account
if the fact that at that point the hills
on either side of the Chagres come
comparatively close together, being
1500 feet apart, and from the surface
indications it seemed a favorable place
for the construction of a dam. But the
Indications are that this locality would
be an unfavorable and expensive one
for the construction of a high dam.
Plan of Former Commissioner.
'The first plan to be considered, the
one estimated upon by the former com
mission. Is the possibility and probabil
ity of a high dam. or proper foundation
for a high dam, at Bohlo, upon which
depends the advisability of constructing
a high-level canal, with the surface of
the water 90 feet above sea level.
'The second plan under considera
tion is a summit level of 60 feet'above
sea level. Constructing a canal on this
plan admits of two different methods
of treatment:
"First, the construction of a dam 60
feet above sea level at Bohio, with two
locks of 30 feet, there being two locks
on the western slope; second, the con
struction of a dam 60 feet above sea
level at Gatun. eight miles from Colon,
with two 30-foot locks In the same vi
cinity. The adoption of a 60-foot level
also will render it necessary to con
struct a dam at Gamboa in order to pro"
vide a reservoir to accumulate water
enough during the wet season to fur
nish7 water for the summit level of the
canal.
Tunnel of Eight Miles.
'The construction of a dam at Gam
boa In this connection would also con
trol the Chagres River, except that It'
would be necessary to provide a safety i
spillway by tie construction of a tun- j
nel some eight miles in length through
the divide,- discharging the surplus
"waters of the Chagres into the head
"waters of the Juan Diaz, or the alter
nate plan of constructing'a tunnel four
miles long through the divide, separat
ing the Chagres basin from the head
water of the Gatuncillo, a stream that
enters Into the Chagres Valley at
Gatun. Should this latter course be
adopted, it would be necessary to con
struct an auxiliary channel from the
Chagres from Gatun to the sea, in order
to divert Its flood waters into the bay
westward of Colon.
The third general plan under consid
eration would be the construction of a
canal with a 30-foot level above the
sea with a single lock at Bohlo. or in
the Immediate vicinity;, the construe
tion of the Gamboa dam to be required
in this instance the same as in the 60
foot level plan.
"The fourth plan would be the con
strucUon of a sea level with a tidal
lock at Miraflores. In this connection
it Is necessary to explain that why the
mean sea level of the Pacific and the
Caribbean are the same, high tide In
the Bay of Panama rises 10 feet above
mean sea level and falls 10 feet below,
whereas the fluctuation of the tide of
the Caribbean at Colon Is less than two
feet. The construction of a dam at
Gambora, with the necessary spillways.
as noted in the previous plan, would
be the same under the sea-level plan as
under the 30 or 60-foot leveL
Provide Water and Power.
"The construction of the Gambora
dam would provide the water supply
for the entire line of the canal, includ
ing the cities of Panama and Colon
It also would provide a power plant
for the generation of electric power
sufficient to furnish ample power for
the operation of the Panama Railroad
and for the operation of any machinery
that might be used in the construction
of the canal. It would require two
years to construct this dam, and
roughly estimated, its cost, including
spiuways, wouia oe Detween io,oao,
000 and $16,000,000, not Including - the
power plant."
Asked by members of the Commls
slon for an estimate of the cost of the
various plans, Mr. Wallace said the
best estimate that could be made at
present would be based on the estlmato
of the former Commission of $200,000.-
000 for a 90-foot level canal. FIgur
Ing with this as a basis, the 60-foot
level canal would cost $225,000,000
could be open for traffic in 10 years,
and fully completed In 12 years; the
30-foot level would cost $250,000,000.
open for traffic in 12 years and com
pleted in 15 years; ihe sea-level canal
would cost $300,000,000, could be open
for traffic irrlo years and completed in
20 years.
Able to Work Three Shifts.
Chairman Hepburn's questions devel
oped that the estimate of time to build
a canal was based on a 10-hour day,
and that with the construction of the
Gamboa dam and the operation of the
power plant, electric light sufficient to
illuminate the whole of the Culebra
cut might be bad, thus making prac
tlcal the working of two or more shifts
and shortening the t)me of construe
tion.
Mr. Wallace stated that the excava
tion of this cut was the feature of the
construction of the canal that took the
time. He said:
"Upon the economical and efficient
handling of material from Culebra de
pends the cost and time It would take
to complete the canal. Every other
question and every other problem con
nected with the entire work is subor
dinate and inferior to the problem of
excavation and disposal of the ma
terial from the Culebra cut; that is the
principal problem of his work."
American Shovels Arriving.
Work is now going on in the cut.
one American steam shovel and som
of the French machinery being on the
operation. Fourteen American steam
shovels have been purchased, one of
which is being set up. The others are
to be delivered at the rate of one
month. During October 3185 men wer
on the payrolls of the Commission. Of
those, 2165 were laborers. More labor
ers are to be employed In the Imme
diate future.
Answering a question about the op
eration of a sea-level canal, Mr. Wal
lace said:
"A sea-level canal would be less ex
pensive to maintain and less expensive
to operate, save time in passage
through it. and could be widened and
deepened when required without inter
fering with traffic."
JJD RUSSIAN DESERTERS.
Christian and Jews Work Together at
Cracow.
SPECIAL CABLE.
CRACOW. Dec. 18. A combination has
been effected between the Christian and
Hebrew committee organized for the pur
pose of aiding Russian deserters. The
two bodies now work hand In hand and
In this manner have greatly facilitated
the difficult task of avoiding govern
mental interference. The Jewish commit
tee, which carries the phrase "for the
aid of Russian deserters" In its official
name, has eliminated these works In re
sponse to a hint from the authorities
that the phrase was highly objectionable.
An attempt has been made within the
last few days to compile statistics rela
tive to the number of deserters who have
so far appealed for aid. The effort was
not very successful, owing to the great
mass of work, which has made correct
bookkeeping nearly impossible, there be
ing a lack of employes willing to work
without compensation.
A rough estimate places the number at
16,000. However, this does not Include the
vast number of fugitives who had means
of their own and cared not to be known
as deserters making their way to Vienna
Independently.
TOUR OF KING ALFONSO".
Will
Be Accompanied by War and
Foreign Ministers.
. SPECIAL CABLE.
MADRID, Dec 19. In accordance with
a Cabinet decision King Alfonso will
visit Paris, Berlin and London in Febru
ary, accompanied by the Ministers of
War and Foreign Affairs. It Is said to be
the intention of the young King to ap
point Emperor William a Field Marshal
of the Spanish army. The statement Is
made by a well-informed authority that
King Alfonso will return to Madrid as
the betrothed of an English Princess.
A significant feature of the King's Itin
erary is the omission of a visit to Vi
enna. Alfonso Is Emperor Franz Joseph's
nephew and recently the aged monarch
has taken occasion to warn the King that
unless he curbs the activities of his anti
clerical advisers he will Jeopardize the
International peace of Spain.
AMERICANS RULE THE MARKET
Business Very Muci Restricted on
London Stock Exchange.
LONDON, Dec 18. The Stock Exchanep
last week was again mainly under the
mnuence or tne American market, and.
considering the violent fluctuations in the
latter, the absence of serious trouble was
.regarded as decidedly satisfactory. Busi
ness was very much restricted but there
was less uneasiness felt as to probable
developmente in Wall street than aigat
have been expected, and prices' all around
were better and steadier.
WOMAN A BURGLAR
Helps Her.Husband.in Robbing
Prescott Stores,
GOODS TAKEN BY WAGOfj-LOAD
Investigation of Home Premises by
Officers Discloses Enough Plunder
to Load Seven Drays
Stealing for,Years.
PRESCOTT, Ariz., Dec IS. Fred Roe
mer and wife were caught In the act of
burglarizing J. I. Gardner's store early
today. Gardner had been missing goods
from his store for years, and other busi
ness houses also had been broken Into
during the same period and goods stolen.
Gardner and one of his employes have
been sleeping in the store for two weeks
In the hope of capturing the marauders.
Roemer and wife drove in a small
spring wagon into the alley at the rear
of the store. The former opened the door
with a skeleton key, entered and com
menced carrying the goods outside, while
Mrs. Roemer remained on guard In the
alley. Gardner and his companion waited
until the wagon was about loaded, when
they surprised Roemer and took the cou
ple Into custody and escorted them with
the goods to the county Jail.
The Roemers reside about half a mile
north of town, and today officers made an
investigation of the premises and discov
ered a miscellaneous assortment of arti
cles aggregating seven drayloads.
WOMAN FOUND MURDERED. .
Body Stripped of Clothing and Fea
tures Much Disfigured.
COLORADO SPRINGS. Colo., Dec IS.
The nude body of a white woman, who is
believed to have been murdered, has been
found on Mount Cutler by two resldonts
of this city, who were surveying. The
body was lying face downward across a
log. An attempt had been made to de
stroy the features and prevent identifica
tion. From appearances, death occurred
about a week ago.
A reward for the recovery of the girl's
clothing or any part that will lead to her
identification has been offered by the au
thorities. Telegrams were sent out tonight to the
Chiefs of Police of Philadelphia, St. Louis
and- other cities, giving a complete de
scription, as far as possible, of the dead
girl. They were sent upon the theory
that the girl was killed by some person
who found that she stood in the way of
valuable property or an Inheritance.
Near the point where the body was
found, the officers discovered a card bear
ing the name and address of a St. Louis
man and a prescription blank bearing the
name oi ur. ir. ivune uaKer, us .Diamond
street, Philadelphia, and the name Comp.
druggist. Thirtieth and Diamond streets,
FMiadelphla.
PHILADELPHIA. Dec IS. Dr. F TC HnA
Baker said tonight that he knew nothing
of the Colorado murder case. He ex
plained the presence of his prescription
blanks on Mount Cutler bv savine that hA
spent several days at Colorado Springs
iasi summer, ana that he carried with
him a pad of his prescription blanks, for
the purpose of makinar memoranda. "Ho
says he may have dronned some of thpm
and that they may have been blown away
by the wind. He remembers having given
one to a photographer who took his pho-
lograpn.
MRS. CHADWICK WILL NOT TALK
Attorney Says He Will Decline to Let
Her Give Testimony Today.
CLEVELAND. O TW is Th
ination of Mrs. Chadwick in the bank
ruptcy proceedings against her is set for
tomorrow before Refers Roml
It Is considered certain she will not testi
ly u present at tne hearing. Her attor
ney. P. F. Dawley. said tonleht that Via
WOUld relUfst rnntlrmnnfo tnmny-r-n-n-
saylng be has not yet had time to investi
gate any phase of the case He will de
cline to allow her to give any testimony.
ine oniy otner persons summoned in
the bankruDtcv hearlne- to elvA nnv in
formation they may have of property
owned by Mrs. Chadwick are Emll Hoo
ver, Mrs. Chadwlck's son, and Freda
Swanstrom, her nurse. Receiver Loeser
Etna lonigni mai ne am not expect any
more witnesses Ti-niilri ho r-allnH tnr-
present. He has arranged to Insure for
$50,000 the Chadwick property in his pos
session. Mrs. C!hnrfwlpk tndav cnont Y.ry flr-o
Sunday in Jail. She now has a companion
In the jail, a young woman, detained for
examination as to her sanity. The wom
an seemed much Interested in Mrs
Chadwick, and the two conversed oulte
freely.
Mrs. Chadwick was visited today by Dr.
Wall, who said she was still vprv uvuir
and nervous, but improving.
Elopiig Bank President Caught.
PHOENIX. Ariz.. Dec. IS. A man giv
ing the name of J. A. Bryan was arrested
here today, and a search of his effects dis
closed his suspected Identity, which he
later admitted, as Bernard B. McGreevy.
of O Neill. Neb., late president of the
Elkhorn Valley Bank, which closed its
doors the night before Thanksgiving.
McGreevy denies taking any money, and
says he will go back without requisition
papers.
Gas Pipe Line Blown Up.
COFFEYVILLE. Kan.. Dec. 18. Be
tween Liberty and the Verdlgros River.
more than a mile of the partially corri"
pleted pipeline of the Kansas Natural Gas
Company was blown up with dynamite
by masked men some time during the
night. The pipe was broken, and great
holes torn in the right of way. The per
petrators are unknown.1 The farmers of
this section resent the piping of the gas
to Missouri.
Girl's Mutilated Body Found.
HUNTINGTON. W. Va.. Dec. IS. The
mutilated body of Rose White, the 18-
year-old daughter of Harlan White, a
wealthy planter, has been found In the
snow near .Chapmansvllle. A clinching
iron found near by was stained with
blood, and the surroundings Indicated a
struggle. A prominent young man has
disappeared.
D0WIE LOVED HER MONEY.
Son of Prophet Is Deserted by Wife
He Treated Badly.
LONDON. Dec 19. The Dallv Mall's na-
ncva. eorresDondent wires that MVc nto-
stone Dowle, Miss Ruth Hofer before she
mamea me son or tne lounaer of Zlon
City, has returned to Lake Constance
convincea mat me propnete son" had
fallen In love with her money and not
with herself.
Her married life was unhamiv " thn
correspondent says. "She found herself.
Instead of belnjr a wife: in rMll t an ii ri-
Per servant Neglect and continual hy
pocrisy opened her eyes to the true state
of affairs, and Dowie's posing as the re
stored Eliiah was thn lant Kfmn- eh.
determined is ult Zlon City at all cost.
The Dowies at first refused to ir h n
taai tfh threatened e run se.v?ap, &z2
finally they gave In.
"Her mother sent her money, ana, cte-
illusioned, broken in health and spirit, she
arrived at her old home the other day.
"Her hrothAw;. who aw r!fTi m arm for-
turers in Geneva are delighted' to see
men oisier oui or me ciutcnes or. tne
-uowies."
MISERABLE- SINNERS.
American People's Brutal and Stupid
Course Abroad.
. PORTLAND, Dec. 18. To the Editor.)
The people of the Philippine Islands should
be given their independence. It is their nat
ural right and we are the last people on
earth who should deny it.
We should remember the -words of Lincoln:
"They who deny freedom to others deserve
it not themselves, and under a Just God will
not long retain it." i
The twaddle about their not being able to
govern themselves is nonsense. Henry Clay
said: "It Is to arraign the disposition of the
Almighty to suppose that he created beings
Incapable of governing themselves. Self
government Is the natural government of
man,"
Insane people cannot govern themselves,
but we confine them In asylums. In all cases
men are entitled to the presumption of com
petence until the contrary Is shown. Every
man should be glvcnaJJair trial before he
is aepnvea orthc. .rJgm to -govern himself,
but the Flllpmos'have never Kad such trial.
"When they were making a start we inter
fered without giving them a. chance, and af
ter destroying their government we charge
them with. Inability to organize one.
The Filipinos may not govern themselves
as well as they ought. Neither do we. We
engaged In a fratricidal strife which cost us
a half-million of the best lives in the coun
try and burdened us with a debt which we
have been struggling for 40 years to pay.
We have squandered the patrimony of our
selves and of our children by surrendering
the natural wealth of our country to the
greed of the trusts and corporations and
have given the railroads the best part of
our lands.
When we struck down silver we did a
foolish thing, and are yetJooliehvftnough to
boast of it. We have not'gpod sense enough
to adopt an ,fctome taxand are foolish
enough to thtnk that can get rich by tax
ing ourselves with a tariff and imagine the
foreigner pays It.
We have dependencies whom we pretend to
think haven't understanding enough for self
government, yet we curtail their trade for
fear they will beat us at the bargain coun
ter. Our tobacco and sugar men are afraid
to trust themselves in competition with the
Filipino.
A learned statistician of our country has
figured out that it costs $1.05 per each in
dividual in the United States to hold the
Philippines, and that our trade with them
amounts to 5 cents per capita and the profit
on that trade is probably 1 cent.
Senator Hoar and Edward Atkinson have
given us the figures that the Philippines
have cost us $700,000,000; these figures have.
been- questioned. But when we consider the
ordinary military estimate of $1000 to main
tain one soldier one year, it is easy to cal
culate the amount necessary to support our
Army in the Philippines during the last
six years and to see that these figures are
not far wrong.
And all this enormous sum for the sake
of a little paltry trade of $5,000,000 a year.
It Is enough to cast a cloud upon our own
ability for self-government.
Surely if the Filipinos were left to them
selves they would make a better showing
than that. We have no right to boast of our
superior acumen in government. We live in
a glass house and should not throw stones.
People will ordinarily govern themselves as
well as they deserve to be governed. If
they make mistakes they are the ones to
suffer for it;
Admiral Dewey said the Filipinos were
far more capable of governing themselves
than the Cubans and that he was familiar
with both. Senator Hoar examined their
constitution and state papers and said there
were not a dozen men on the globe who
could equal them. General King says: "Their
capacity for &elf-government cannot be.
doubted. . Many of them are highly edu
cated. 2?ljo-tenlb oV the" people can read
and write. They are- industrious, frugal,
temperate, and, given a fair start, could
look out for themselves Infinitely better than
our people Imagine. They rank far higher
than the Cubans or the uneducated negroes
to whom we have given the right of suf
frage." Consul Wlldman at Hong Kong saldr
"They are far superior to the Malays or
Cubans; Agulnaldo, Agonclllo and Sandlco
are all men who would be leaders In any
country." John Barrett spoke highly of
their government and said their Congress
would compare favorably with the Japan
ese Parliament. General Anderson says they
have been underrated by us. Albert Son
nlcksen, who was held captive by them
for ten months, speaks highly of them as
brave and generous and law-abiding. He
saw no lawlessness during his stay among
them. He notes an Instance of Spanish pris
oners appealing to the courts for redress of
grievances against the military, thus show
ing that the military was subordinate to the
civil authority, even in those troublesome
times. They had a most admirable consti
tution and bill of rights.
Lieutenant Sargent, who was sent out by
Dewey on a tour of inspection In 189S, after
visiting nearly every province in Luzon,
tays: "As a tribute to the efficiency of Aguln
aldo's government and to the law-abiding
character of the people, I offer the fact that
Mr. Wilcox and I pursued our Journey
throughout In perfect security, and returned
to Manila with only the most pleasant rec
ollections of the quiet and orderly life which
we found the natives to be leading under the
new regime." Congressman Shafroth says
they are to be found behind prescription
counters mixing medicines from bottles with
Latin labels; behind bank counters and In
other Institutions of large capital: they are
found as merchants, clerks, telegraph oper
ators, agents, lawyers, doctors, conductors
and engineers, and they alone make the In
tricate calculations at the Manila Observa
tory; that prior to the war they had 2100
schools in the islands and 5000 students at
the Manila University.
Men like Dewey, .General King, General
Anderson, Sargent and Wilcox, Sonnlcksen
and Lieutenant Bryan, of the Second Ore
gon, who have been among the real Fili
pinos, and not observed them merely through
carpet-ba'g glasses from the dregs of Ma
nila, all agree as to the high character of
the people. t
Against this indisputable testimony is the
speculative opinion of some patriotic carpet-baggers,
who are drawing large salaries
out of these tax-ridden people and must
given an opinion Justifying tb mcure posi
tions they hold.
We used the Filipinos as allies and then
refused to recognize them as such. We shut
the council doors against them at Paris
when making a treaty most vital to them.
We shut the official doors against them at
Washington when pleading for recognition
and justice. They have not a single repre
sentative at Washington now; they received
better treatment than that at the Court of
Spain.
We intrusted them with the most sacred
duty of caring for prisoners of war a duty
which they faithfully performed and we
then denied them the attributes of a civil
ized people and by Implication accused our
selves of turning helpless prisoners' over to
savages. We intrusted them with the care
of unfortunate prisoners but denied them
the ability to care for themselves.
We have made laws In this country to be
enforced in the Philippines, by which we
have ruined their trade, and our navigation
laws will ruin their shipping business. By
our unholy and unjust war upon them we
have destroyed their towns, laid waste
their farms. Inaugurated such a condition as
to lead to epidemics, pestilence and. famine,
have created a wasteful carpet-bag govern
ment foxMhe benefit of carpet-baggers, have
set up a partisan Judiciary, crowded the
prisons and sent to the gallows or driven
from the land the best and most patriotic
of the native leaders, while making friends
only of their tqries and traitors.
General Bell said three years ago that one
sixth of the people of Luzon had been
killed In the war or died of starvation or
dlngue .fever. Since then It was officially
reported that In one province one-third of the
people were destroyed. After which Samar
W made a howling wilderness. And, all for
ouier purwji :in to assert our sacred
And Ren Nt ourselves up as the sane- I
titled of the holies u rnll tsmt i
The Store Will
Great Holiday Umbrella Sale
If vve wlfllied to, wc could fill everyone of our fourteen bljz, windows with Umbrellas and
ranke a display that vronld even amaze those who arc brut familiar with the wonderful as
sortment and broad utock we carry of these Oregon necessities. Prices arc quite a bit less
than UKaal this week.
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
All our
$ 5.00 Umbrellas,
6.00 Umbrellas,
6.50 Umbrellas,
7.00 Umbrellas,
7.50 Umbrellas,
8.00 -Umbrellas.
8.50 Umbrellas,
9.00 Umbrellas.
10.00 Umbrellas.
lliOO Umbrellas.
$1.25 Pictures 43c
Cartoons by Gibson, Christy, Under
wood, P-erce, Jessie Wilcox Smith,
Russell, De Nesti Hurt,. Anita LeRoy
and Harrison Fisher. This mroning
special
9 A. M. to 12 M.
Special 43c
Regular prices, 75c, goc and $1.25.
NO PHONE ORDERS FILLED.
BOOK STORE One hundred copies of Wagner's famous book "The Simple
Life" The $1.25 edition at 8'5
Music Store: 50c Albums 25c
We place on sale today THE STEPHEN FOSTER ALBUM, containing
a complete collection of this famous composer's songs. "Gentle Annie," "My
Old Kentucky Home," "Old Black Joe," "Way Down Upon de Swanee Ribber,"
"Willie, We Have Missed You," "Massa'a in de Cold, Cold Ground," "Old
Folks at Home," and many others. This morning special, 9 A. M. to 12 M. Reg
ular price 50c. Special, 25.
w
have established schools; yes, at thels ex
pense. We have given Jobs to about 000
school teachers, most Incompetents at home,
at a high salary and charged the expense
up to the Filipinos. It is easy to establish
schools at the expense of other people. We
exhibit them at St. Louis; yes, we have
squandered $1,000,000 of the Filipinos money
to help out the St. Louis Fair; 5400.000 ot
it to exhibit the naked Igorotes. whom .we
encourage Ignorant Americans to believe, are
fair samples of the Philippine people.
It has been a source of almost universal
regret that we were not more liberal with
the South at the close of the Civil War and
that we did not call men like Lee and John
ston into counsel as to the course of re
construction. Have we not been equally un
wise In our treatment of Agulnaldo and
other natural leaders of the Filipinos?
Militarism Is at the bottom of the Philip
pine business. A small man might need a
big stick for defense, but a. big man ought
to be able to care for himself. So, when
we were small, with extensive frontier to de
fend, wo had an Army of 23.000, but now
we are big enough to whip all creation, wo
don't need any. We have a big stick, an
Army of 00,000. with the discretion of a
blg-stlck President to raise It to 100.000.
and a big Navy. The Philippines have given
us the excuse for a big stick. There Is good
reason to suspect the standing Army and
marines are more to awe strikers at home
than enemies abroad. A gentleman in a
civilized community has no need of a re
volver, but a bully among toughs and high
waymen desiring to command the respect
of his associates will perhaps carry two
revolvers, and a bully among nations will
want a big stick.
History should admonish us against mili
tarism and colonization. It is boasted that
England's rule In India has been highly
successful, but it is not true. Before the
English went there famines were almost un
known; since then there have been more
people starved to death in that country than
there were killed in all the wars of the
world during that -time. For the last quar
ter of a century there have died from fam
ine In India more than 25,000.000 people,
and famines are continually on tho increase.
Roman dependencies were the nurseries of
the Imperial Legions which finally overthrew
the republic, after the corruption of the
provinces had destroyed the civic virtues of
the people. Spain may date the beginning ot
her ruin from tho time of her colonial
schemes. Once the proud mistress of the
world, now none is so poor as to do her
reverence. - The best event of her history
was when she turned her burdens over to us.
The Romans tried for 400 years to benevo
lently assimilate the Britons, but were final
ly compelled to retire. They no doubt
often boasted that their policy, had been fully
vindicated. When they left tho people of
England, it Is said, not being permitted to
govern themselves, had forgotten how to
fight and were overrun by the barbarlij-j of
the North. And not a trace of Roman rule
remained. Holding dependencies has always
been a source of great wrong to the de
pendents and of no benefit to the dominant
power.
That we are governing these people for
their benefit is hypocritical cant. Russia
claims to be governing Finland for the same
purpose, and so it Is with England In Ire
land and South Africa and everywhere. It
was Lincoln who said: "No despot ever be
strode the necks of the people because he
wanted to do so, but becaueo the people
were baiter off or belps riddn."
Cortez and Pizarro went on their maraud-
Be Open Evenings
Lipmafi , Wolfe & Co,
4.19
4.95
5.45
5.90
6.60
6.95
7.45
7.85
8.75
9.65
All our $11.50
All our, 12.00
All our 12,50
All our 13.00
All our 14.00
All our 15.00
All our 16.00
All our 16.50
All our 18.00
All our 20.00
25c Holly
Those handsome Christmas packages that
bring happiness to all who admire fine Station
eiy. The offering consists of
One thousand boxes fine white paper and envelopes in
holly decorated boxes, with holly bands around paper
and envelopes. Actual value is 25c. On sale today
at 15c
The "Remex" Fountain Pen, 14k point, fully guaranteed
in every way A bargain marvel at S1.00
No one in the country sells Waterman's Fountain Pens
for less than we do $2.50 to $10
Large display of fine papers, packed in beautiful hand
painted boxes.
$3 - $4- Calendars $1.39
Great Monday Morning Special
g A. M. to 12 M.
The Christy Calendar.
The Harrison Fisher Calendar.
The Underwood Calendar.
Regular Price, $3.00 and $4.00 each.
Special $1.39
NO PHONE ORDERS FILLED.
tion proclamation from the King of Spain
and the benedictions of the pope.
Wo furnish the Filipinos with teachers to
Americanize them and teach .them our lan
guage, and In precisely the same manner
docs Ttussla proceed to Russianize the Finns.
But it Is all at the unfortunates' expense.
There w peace In the Philippines, and so
there was tho "peace of death" at Warsaw.
And also there Is peace In the Transvaal, and
we are told that "the people are delighted
with it."
The question of how to govern our dependen
cies becomes an l33ue and overrides more Im
portant questions at home. TJie matter o
tariff, money, labor troubles, trusts, monop
oly and others are now overshadowed by
"What shall we do with the Philippines?"
while the vicious weeds are growing, we
neglect our crop to hoe our neighbor's corn.
We should at once make reparation by re
storing to the Filipinos that' liberty which
should never have been taken from them. We
should hasten to avoid the shoals of Imperial
Ism and militarism. We should drop these
questions about foreign affairs and attend
strictly to business at home.
The $700,000,000 which wejhave j-poHt In the
Philippines would have dug the Panama
Canal, Irrigated our arid land, reclaimed all
the swamps In the country, and provided
happy homes for 50.000.000 more people. And.
besides, have we not enough race troubles at
home, without going abroad for more? Let
us give the Filipinos their independence, and
do It now. H. B. NICHOLAS.
SUPERIOR TO THE GERMANS.
Professor Lectures on American Agri
cultural Conditions.
SPECIAL CABLE.
BRE5L.AU, Dec. IS. Professor L. Witt
mack, who was in charge of the horticul
tural department of the German exhibit
at St. Louis, has engaged upon a course
of lectures on his American experiences.
In his first lecture Professor Wlttmack
said that not a single one of the reports
printed in the German newspapers did
justice to the grandeur and splendor of
the Exposition.
Speaking of American agriculture, which
he had made a subject for special study,
Professor Wlttmack said that while the
experimental stations in the United States
were far superior to those In Germany,
the Germans knevv far more about the sci
entific utilization and Improvement of the
soli than, did the Americans. The pro
fessor added the American farmer seemed
to him the ideal type of the modern agri
culturist. The Name "Oregon" Again.
PORTLAND. Dee. 18. 1T0 the Editor.) In a
work Issued by Hall J. Kelly In 1852, on page
IS. there Is a footnote giving what he believed
was the origin of the word Oregon. It Is as
follows:
"Oregon, the Indian name of this river, was
traced by me to a large river called Orjon, In
Chinese Tartary. whose latitude corresponds
The
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with that of Oregon, In America. The word
Klllamucks. the name of the tribe, a little
south ot the mouth of the Oregon, was also
traced to a people called Kllmucks. who an
ciently lived near the mouth of the Orjon In
Asia. It la evident that the Oregon Kllmucks
were among the early settlers of North Amer
ica, and brought with them many of tho
proper names used by our Indians. The word
Mexico (Mecaco) is identified wtth the name
of the ancient capital ot Japan. Identifica
tions of both proper and common names are
numerous."
As I do not remember ever to have seen the
above In print outside the page quoted In
Kelley'a "Narrative of Events and Difficulties
In the Colonization of Oregon and the Settle
ment of California," etc.. I herewith submit It.
GEORGE H. HIMEH.
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