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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 7, 1904)
THE MOBNING OREGONIASr, WEDSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1904. Entered at the Postofflce at Portland. Or., as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By mall (postage prepaid In advance)- Sally, with Sunday, per month .85 Sally, with Sunday excepted, per year.. 7.50 Bally, with Sunday, per year 9.00 Sunday, per year - 00 The weekly, per year 1 The Weekly. 3 months 50 Dally per week, delivered. Sunday ex- cepted .w Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday In- eluded .20 POSTAGE RATES. United States. Canada and Mexico 10 to 14-page paper - In 19 to 80-page paper -c 2 to 44-page paper - Foreign rates, double. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The S. C. Beckwith Special Agency W York; rooms 43-50. Tribune building. Chi cago; rooms 510-512 Tribune building. The Orejronian does not buy poems or sto ries from Individuals and cannot undertake to return any manuscript sent to It without solicitation. No stamps should be Inclosed lor this purpose. KEPT ON BALE. 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PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 7, 1904 THE ANNUAL MESSAGE. There is no lack of confidence in the manner of President Roosevelt, when he plunges into the various topics of his annual message. And yet in his treatment there is nothing of the "big bow-wow style"; for he is simple, plain and direct throughout The beginning Is an admonition to Congress against extravagance; supported by the state ment that "the cost of doing Govern ment business should be regulated with the same rigid" scrutiny as the cost of doing private business." It is well known that the President himself has steadily and consistently acted on this principle. Yet it involves a judgment in selection; but herein also the Presi dent knows that true economy is a distributive virtue, for It reduces in places where the demand is not ur gent, that it may expend more in oth ers where there is actual need. More over, "the penr of prosperity through which the country Is passing justifies expenditures for public Improvements far greater than would be wise In hard times." The topics dealt with In this message are almost as numerous as the multi tude of subjects which receive the at tention of the Government. Many of the industrial and other problems be fore the country are rendered more complicate by the peculiar nature of our political system, with its division of authority between the National Gov ernment and the various states. The field of action of the former in this line of duties Is limited; but the Presi dent makes sound suggestions for ac tion by it in the class of cases that fall under its jurisdiction, or within the scope of Federal power. The sphere of the General Government, on the subject of corporations and control of railways, lies within its power over interstate commerce; which power may also be exercised for checking railway rebates, prevention of accidents and protection of employes. "It is difficult," says the President, "to be patient with an ar gument that 6uch matters should bo left to the states, because more than one state pursues the policy of creating on easy terms corporations which are never operated within that state at all. but in other states whose laws they ignore." The internal economy of the country receives a large degree of attention in this message agriculture, irrigation forestry and correlated topics; in all of which the President during all his life has taken deep personal Interest One of the subjects of deepest import ance to our great rural population is free postal delivery, which has become very general yet should be still further extended. It will be gratifying to the vast body of our country people to find the President saying that the beneficent results have justified the outlay. It is an argument for extension of the ser vice to all except the sparsest com munities. As to foreign policy, there is nothing in the message of "the swashbuckler' which the President's critics have been so fond of attributing to him. "The steady aim of this Nation," he says, "as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer -the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of justice." Here Is the doctrine of "speak softly"; yet each nation has its own place to maintain, and we have the Monroe Doctrine, to which we have long been committed. For this and other reasons there ought to be a "big stick" or a reasonably big one within reach; so the President says: 'It Js not merely unwise, it is contemptible, for a nation, as for an Individual, to use high-sounding lan guage to proclaim Its purposes, or to take positions which are ridiculous if unsupported by potential force, and then to refuse to provide this force. If there is no intention of providing and of keeping the force necessary to back up a strong attitude, then it is far bet ter not to assume such an attitude." It is earnestly recommended, there fore, that there be "no halt in the work of upbuilding the American Navy." An Army may be called into being, In any emergency likely to occur, but a Navy cannot The Army hvs been reduced to the minimum provided by law sixty thousand men "the minimum at which It is possible to keep it with due regard to Its efficiency." Military knowledge must be kept alive in our country, and this shadow of an Army will serve for that purpose. Fortification of our coasts must be kept in some kind of prepara tlon or readiness, and knowledge of working methods necessary for de fense. The Army need not be made larger, but it should not be reduced further. Evidently the President thinks . the time has not come, for him to discuss the tariff: since it Is not likely that anything could be done with it during the short session. Nothing is said about the Panama Canal beyctad mere reference to Panama; for the reason that there is nothing new on the sub ject to communicate. It will require some time yet to get the preparations in readiness for actual work. As to the Philippines, this will suf fice: "Our people must keep steadily before their minds the fact that the Justification for our stay in the Philip pines must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good we are able to do in the Islands. I do not overlook the fact that In the development of our interests In the Pacific Ocean and along its coasts the Philippines have played and will play an Important part, and that our interests have been served In more than one way by the possession of the islands. But our chief reason for con tinuing to hold them must be that we ought in good faith to try to do our share of the world's work, and this par ticular pie,ce of work has been imposed upon us by the results of the war with Spain." A sound principle; and it could not be stated in better form. DANCERS PAY THE FIDDLER. No man or woman yet tripped down the primrose path without sopner or later falling Into the shadows which lurk around it The start is easy, but the pace quickens as the" wine flows free, and all too often the victims are swept "into the gulf of an endless night." The testimony In the land fraud case which closed yesterday nroved conclusively that the land laws of the country were not the only ones violated by the leading figures in the case. It was a charitame view wnicn Judge O'Day asked the jury to take of the private life of the accused, ana, from a lecral standDolnt It might have been nroner that their shortcomings be overlooked so far as they had bearing on the case at issue. But this quartet of nrincinals openly and flagrantly vio lated moral laws, the observance of which Is one of the most essential factors in the purity of our social life. it was not alone the handsome, genial McKinley and his dashing, Bohemian friend. Miss "Ware, nor Puter. the man of the world, and his friend, Mrs. "Wat son, who will suffer by the life they led. The great harm lies in the example which thev have set and which tnrougn years of immunity from punishment in duced the belief that the way or tne transgressor was not hard. The dis bursement of ill-gotten gains which came easily brought pleasures of. a cer tain kind. There were bright lights and sweet music. Illicit love and a gen eral contempt for the conventionalities of the humdrum life led by those who knew the value of dollars earned by honest toil. There is tinsel and glare about that speedy life which always attracts weak minds as the candle at tracts the moth. These people made no concealment of their ability to buy the treasures of the flesh, and they had many followers who undoubtedly were not too scrupulous in their methods of obtaining funds to aid them also In being good fellows. These culnrlts by the skillful nature of their unlawful work have proved themselves to be mentally equipped, lor making a success In almost any honest calling. "With a knowledge of the con seauences. they deliberately chose dis honest means for securing funds with which to live a life in open violation of all social and moral laws. The prim rose nath was pleasant so Jong as the lights shone bright and the popping corks made music sweet, but now, wun the shadows thickening fast around them, there is hardly a doubt but that each and all of these victims of an out raged law would gladly go back to the parting of the ways and take the other path. GOVERNMENT'S CROP ESTIMATES. In his annual report, just made pub lic, the Secretary of Agriculture, In ad dltlon to presenting some very interest ing facts on the output of the farms of the country modestly compliments his department as follows: The general appreciation by the business and farming public of the value of the de partment crop reports grows steadily. Criti clsm is not lacking. On tho contrary. It is one of the curious features of this work thnt the more closely reports represent the actual facts and the wider the appreciation of their accuracy, the more subject they become to criticism. This Is undoubtedly due to tho fact that, as their general accuracy is more widely recognized they necessarily exercise a greater influence upon the markets, thus Inevitably favoring or antagonizing, as the case may be, some of those who are engaged In the game of speculation In agricultural products. The self-congratulation of the depart ment will deceive no one as to the mer its or demerits of the estimates which it issues. These estimates in the past have been so notoriously out of line with the actual figures and conditions they are supposed to reflect that the legitimate trade pays but slight atten tlon to them. The Liverpool Corn Trade News and other prominent grain authorities in Europe almost invaria bly use the American commercial esti mates on the American grain crops in preference to those made by the Gov' ernment, and the grotesque system of percentages which precedes the quan titative statement of the wheat crop is susceptible of such a vast difference in interpretation that it is never consid ered by the legitimate trade as possess ing sufficient merit or value to influence prices either way. The natural infer ence gained by the department's laud atory explanation of Its own accuracy would be that the only critics of the system are speculators who gamble in farm products. That this is an unreasonable-v-lewof the matter is shown by the fact that at various times In the past two years the Government estimates have been proven seriously wrong by the best trade papers in the United States. These papers, employing experts for their special ability in this line of work, instead of by reason of political prefer ment or reward, have, repeatedly proved the Government in error; but acknowl edgment of the error, when It has been made, has been so. tardy as to be of no use whatever to the legitimate trade, which is entitled to accurate estimates as soon as they can be secured. Per haps the most flagrant cases of wild estimates on the part of the Govern ment have been made in the Pacific Northwest Within the past few years the Government has overestimated sin gle crops of wheat In Oregon, "Washing' ton and Idaho nearly 15,000,000 hushels, The estimate in the three states this year is several million bushels too high The particular feature of these wild estimates which makes the Govern ment's self-congratulation appear so ridiculous lies in the fact that its wild estimates In the Pacific Northwest are largely due to the Influence of those engaged in the "game of speculation Every year a few foreigners temporar ily doing business here for British ship owners "cook up" a set of estimates from 25 to 50 per cent higher than the, figures for the final out-turn will show. These are circulated by a weekly panv- phlet, the proprietor of which knows nothing and cares less about wheat The (government, having no one in charge of this field, and, except for the occasional visit of a special agent, be ing without unprejudiced Information on the matter, usually works out an estimate suspiciously close to that which was made by the ship brokers for the purpose of forcing ocean freights to a high figure, regardless of the size of the crop. The Oregonian is less familiar with the accuracy of the Government esti mates in other states than with those mentioned, but if they are no nearer correct than those for our immediate territory, it is not to be wondered that the Government is forced to praise its own efforts or have them unpraised. No one familiar with the matter could conscientiously award any credit for accuracy or value to the estimates. WOMAN FINANCIERS. Mrs. Chadwick may fairly dispute with Madame Humbert for the crown as the empress of finance. Her opera tions have been amazing in their ex tent, and scarcely less monumental in their aggregate than the swindles of the famous French female financier. The French woman and her confeder ates borrowed something like 513,000,000 on mysterious collaterals or coiossai value, actually In the possession of the French courts until such time as cer tain heirs of the mythical Crawfords came of age and the estate could be dis tributed. When the labyrinth of red tape that surrounds French legal pro cesses was penetrated and the securl- s exposed, it was found that their value was a sum total of seventy cents. Tet Madame Humbert had by her per suasive and plausible misrepresenta tions succeeded in deceiving completely astute bankers, crafty money-lenders and men of affairs high In the nation's counsels. The crash finally came. Now appears Mrs. Chadwick, a woman of doubtful antecedents, adven turess, clairvoyant, forger and ex-con vict, and by some marvelous finesse borrows right and left immense sums of money. How did she do it? There is talk of hypnotism, but that is non sense. She was a woman of apparently assured social position. She juggled with great names and talked millions. She evidently forged with great skill and daring proofs of the ownership of bonds and stocks of vast value. She produced notes signed by Andrew Carnegie and perhaps others, and these upon investigation were thought to be genuine. The wonder Is nqt so much that she was able to inveigle bankers of supposed judgment and. prudence Into her schemes as that she success fully concealed so long and so well tho record of her unsavory past But a gracious smile and an easy manner, the atmosphere of high social breeding, that surrounds any well-dressed and intelli gent woman, and a modicum of good looks, have their effect alas! even in the musty offices of the crafty veterans of the money-counter. A GREAT PAIR AND ITS RECORD. According to official flgures that have been given out September took the lead in the number of admissions to the St Louis Fair. Of the total of 18.741,073 admissions between April 1 and Decem ber 1, inclusive, there were 3,651,873 In September. October was the next best month, and August notwithstanding the intense heat, was not very far be hind. The record of attendance by months shows that it takes at least two or three months for the human tide to set strongly toward a great fair, and six months for it to reach Its greatest height The great fair was open to vis itors 187 days, and the attendance on the closing day was nearly double that of the opening day. For five months beginning with May the increase in at tendance was steady. The sixth month, October, showed a slight ebb of the hu man tide. This was more marked In November. Winter was at hand, and. though the wonders of the great exhibit were not in the least abated, the time for closing had come, and with a grand flourish the gates closed and the lights went out at midnight December L Over 200,000 people passed through the gates on the last day. For variety and scope; for intelligent arrangement and for the epitome of the world's progress that It presented, the St Louis Fair has made a record In its line of endeavor that has never before been made. The Lewis and Clark Fair, coming close upon it, will not suffer by contrast with its great predecessor. In the first place, there is no thought of making it a rival. In scope, In splendor and in variety, of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Its purpose is -a much more restricted one. But in beauty of location, in scenic ef fect, In careful arrangement and in suitable and grand exhibits, the lesser Fair will not be found wanting. Tho centennial-of a grand achievement it will appeal to thousands of loyal hearts for support, and to yet other thousands for appreciation. And when a year hence the record of attendance is made up, there is reason to hope that rela tively speaking, the figures will com pare favorably with those of the St Louis Fair. A great fair is not a money-making scheme. It is an enterprise richly en dowed 4Wjth public spirit, alive with energy and dominated by the spirit of progress. "Upon this basis the St Louis Fair arose, lived out the brief months of a wonderful existence, and passed Into history. The Lewis and Clark Fair will follow it, modestly, but with a de termination to make a presentment" that will not suffer by comparison with that which has gone before. A TIMELY SUBJECT. The problem of city government in the United States is attracting wide at tention among students of political problems just now. A late contribu tion to the discussion, or rather the presentment, of the subject, looking to possible solution of the problem, is book of over 300 pages by Frank J. Goodnow, LL. D.. of New York. There is much that is- trite In his presentment and much of the historical order that is not conclusive 'in Itself. The thought emphasized most fully by the author is the fact that our cities are becoming more and more self-perpetuating. That Is to say, they are not dependent, as formerly, upon the move ment from the country to the city to supply the necessary population and vigor. This feature is producing a dls tlnct type of city individual as well as of government In consequence it be comes necessary to adapt ourselves to new conditions If we are to under stand and -deal with the problems of city government in & rational and ef fective manner. Professor Goodnow declares in con clusion that what our cities need "are large powers of local government, the exercise of which, when necessary, shall be subjected to an administrative rather than a legislative control; sep arate elections for municipal officers, fewer elective offices; a more compact and concentrated organization, and greater freedom than at present is usually accorded to municipal citizens to nominate candidates for municipal offices." These suggestions are not new, but, coming from a man who is known as a careful student of political problems and as a, specialist in the history and present condition of administrative law, they are entitled to more than passing consideration. It is assumed that the days of venal politics in city govern ment are numbered. True, the indica tions of this are not as flattering as the practical citizen could desire, but that there has been a steady growth looking to that end must be conceded. The troubles of the transition state still be set us. Old conditions die hard, but with the fact that our cities are be coming, as Professor Goodnow puts it, "self-perpetuating" communities, there must sooner or later come the large powers of local government under ad ministrative rather than legislative control. The Boston Herald, a staid newspa per, so far forgot Itself as to print a yellow story about the maltreatment of the Roosevelt Thanksgiving turkey, Here Is an extract: ' " When the bird wai released they (two ef the President's children) began their fun. They chased the turkey all over the White House grounds, plucking at it, yelling and laughing, until the bird was well-nigh ex hausted. When they became tired of their sport they left the bird to retire In peace un der the reai portico of the White House. Tho President witnessed part of the proceedings and laughed. The President was highly Incensed when he saw this astonishing yarn, and caused an official denial to be issued by Secretary Loeb. He did not care about Inventions of imaginative correspond ents that concerned only himself, but as to his children, that was another matter. Now the Boston paper Is denied access to sources of public information. The incident would seem not to be very Important, but it has attracted wide notlcein the East The problem of caring for the Insane of the state Is truly a growing one. The report of Superintendent Calbreath is clear upon this point. And in order that the demand for the care and treat ment of this unfortunate class may not outrun -the facilities for compliance with it he. recommends the establish ment of a branch asylum, provision for the care In a separate ward for the criminal insane, and new buildings and Improvements, including a sanatorium for consumptives, in connection with the present asylum. These recommen dations are backed by statistics which clearly foreshadow the need of the im provements asked for by the time that they can be provided. The expense estimate is $145,000, and the Legislature at its coming session will be called to pass upon It The jury in the case of the land con spirators rendered a just and righteous verdict There could have been no ver dict but "guilty." The proof was more conclusive than anybody could have an ticipated. These conspirators were ut terly reckless, and left themselves open to detection all along the line. A more disreputable gang, even apart from these frauds, seldom or never has been unmasked. Governor "Vardaman, of Mississippi, appears to be having his own troubles. Even the Solid South has made up its mind that he is a deal of a boor and an ass, and refuses to allow him to pre side at the National Cotton Boll-Weevil Convention. The Governor will proba bly get even by refusing to go to the state line when President Roosevelt makes his Southern trip. "At Jamestown, Va., In 1607, the set tlement of what Is now the United States of America began." bo says President Roosevelt, In his commenda tion of the Jamestown trlcentennlal to the consideration of Congress. It may be hoped that Jamestown may secure National recognition and support But her advocates will not find it easy to get it. When the President urged upon Con gress that a large part of the powers of the Alaska judiciary be withdrawn and bestowed on the Executive he had in mind, no doubt, that Alaska has an excellent man for Governor, and that it has not been so fortunate in its Judges. Banker Beckwith loaned Mrs. Chad wick the money "because she swore that the Carnegie note was genuine." She produced an unknown attorney to make the same declaration. That ought to be sufficient to induce any banker to lend a million or so on to a lady. Emperor William, it is said, recently established his fame as the king pt sportsmen by killing 910 pheasants in a day. That's a great record, but it Is one which some of our enterprising local sportsmen are diligently trying to exceed. Representative Bourke Cockran, who wants to find out all about campaign expenses, and has Introduced several bills in Congress to that end, might contribute to the general enlightenment on the subject by going on the witness stand. The champagne route and the prim rose path lead to misery, worry, trou ble, punishment, and penitence when too late. So think Puter, McKinley, Mrs. Watson et al. tqday. The President said nothing in hl3 message about either Panama or the tariff. But he will get around to them irf due time. The President said nothing about the tariff In his message; but we opine that, he had not forgotten It. We really shouldn't have thought It of Mr. Carnegie. He Had Been a Senior. Chicago Dally News. "Yes," said the tall tramp, "I told dat lady in de wayalde cottage dat I -was once a Senator. She actually beljeved it' "Great hobos!" exclaimed his chum of the ties. In what way do you resemble Senator?" "Oh. I told her two or three after-dinner stories. Dey were so stale she said I must be a Senator." NOTE AND COMMENT. The Shoppers' Football Club. . A number of Portland's athletic women have organized what 13 believed to be the first "Shoppers' Football Club" in the United States. Now that the holiday sea son is so close, the bargain counter crushes are Increasing In severity dally, and already it is almost Impossible for a woman to force her way to the front. With the object of meeting this condi tion, the S. F. C. has been organized, with Miss Avoirdupois as captain. The football coach of a well-known Eastern college has been retained for the season, and will give members of the S. F. C. dally instruction in team plays. As the membership of the club is re stricted to women and girls of more than 140 pounds in weight, it wlJl be seen that a trained eleven, working together, will go through the crowd of shoppers like a locomotive. To prevent undue bloodshed, Miss Avoirdupois is devoting considerable at tention to fake and end plays. By this means constant bucking the line will bo eliminated, and the untrained and un organized shoppers will not be so roughly handled by the S. F. C. team. Girls who have Joined the club are de lighted with the Idea, and there Is some talk of organizing a junior team next week. The S. F. C, however, may not have things all Its own way. for It Is rumored that a rival organization 13 be ing started on the East Side, and Miss Avoirdupois now holds her signal practice In secret If the two teams ever meet, the struggle will be one that will take its jjlaco in history. The. Cholrister. A girl -xho belongs to the choir Is fond 6f the oddest attoir; She sings' in a gown Which begins eo low down That the organist blushes like foir. Button, Button, Who Had Button? Mica Button epent Thanksgiving at home Newport (Wash.) Miner. Again Nan Patterson steps from the chorus into the spot-light. Tho boy who gets under the mistletoe In leap year is taking a big risk. Don't start reading the President's mes sage if you want to get down to the office on time. Mrs. Chadwick Is qualified to write an other "Fronzicd Finance" series, but we hope she won't. Race suicide shouldn't trouble Germany very much. Over there they can make it leso majeste not to have a family as big as the Kaiser's. There is quite a difference between tho Christmas magazines of this year and last year. "Christmas, 1S04," appears on the cover Instead of "Christmas, 1903." Who are the foolish persons that say saloons arc open all night? Don't they know that there is an ordinance forbid ding saloons to keep open after 1 A. M.? That is a pleasant story from Washing ton about the bald-headed man who slept upon the rails of the S. F. & N. The headlight of an approaching engine shone upon his glistening pate, which caught the eye of the engine-driver and led him to stop the train, and drag the hairless one oft the track. Saved by a bald head! How often seeming afflictions aro but blessings In disguise. Dr. Burton, ono of those supematurally endowed persons with half an alphabet tacked on the end of his name, has been addressing the young men attending the University of Chicago. These young men have been told by tho alphabet-tagged Dr. Burton that Shakespeare as a drama' tist was distinctly not It; that Shake speare, In point of fact, was far behind the dramatists of today. As convincing proof, the lecturer told his audience that Shakespeare made his plays in five acts. whereas tho modern playrlght uses three acts, the natural number. Shakespeare, says Dr. Burton, had not enough senso to see as tho moderns see that everything has a beginning, a middle and an end. Therefore the -play of today Is done In three acts, one for the beginning, one for tho middle and one for the end. Could anything be more logical? When you come to think of it most everything, except garters and Presidential messages has a beginning, a middle and an end. Shake speare was a chump not to have spotted this essential property of things and fit ted his plays to conform with it Seven High School girls In La Fayette, Ind., wore Initiated into a sorority a few days ago. One of the seven may die as a result and the other six arc too ill to at tend school. All that was dona to the seven girls wag to show them a dish of wriggling earthworms, blindfold them (the girls, not tho worms) and feed them hot macaroni. The victims thought they were eating fried worms. After this jocular treatment, each candi date for the Phi Kappa Theta was shown a red-hot branding Iron and again blindfolded. The Iron was then stamped upon a chunk of sizzling beef steak, while a pleco of Ice was rubbed down the girl's spine, and the victim be lleved that the smoke and sizzling sounds came from her own flesh. .After this pleasantry the victims appeared rather overcome, and further fun with them was Impossible. Girls who can't smile at such trifles as these are clearly unfit to share In the simple life of the high school much less the life of a sorority, and the seven have doubtless been expelled by the faculty ere this. Weaklings have no place in the Nation; men and women alike must be sloggers. WEX J. The World's Commerce. Harper's Weekly. The world's commerce in the latest year for which statistics are available, as noted in the annual report of tho Chief of the Bureau of Statistics ot the Department of Commerce and Labor, shows, the total exports of all nations of the world to ae, in tne latest year available, $10,515,000,000, and the value of the total imports of all nations 111, 809,000,000. This- would give the total value of the world s imports and ex ports combined as $22,324,000,000; but since all articles which were counted as exports became in turn imports when they entered the country of de3 tination. it would appear that tho ac tual value of the articles entering Into International commerce 13, In round terms. 511.000.000.000. The value of the articles forming the internal commerce of the United States is estimated at about $22,000,000,000 in a single year. Thus, while It has been customary to sneak of the internal commerce ot th United States as equal to tho entire in ternational commerce of the world, It appears from this statement that the actual value of the merchandise enter Ing into the internal commerce of the United States Is practically twice as great as that entering the international commerce of the world. GREAT SOLDIERS OF MODERN ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT CBy Arrangement With I propose to light it out on this line If it takes all Summer. Grant before Spottsylvanla Courthouse.' Let us have peace. Grant In accepting his second nomination for the Presidency. AFTER the battle of ShUph. which came near resulting disastrously to the Union arms, it was reported falsely, as afterward shown that General Grant had returned to the habit of drink, which had caused him, eight years before, to re sign his Captaincy In the regular army. Colonel A. K. McClure, of Philadelphia, urged Lincoln to remove Grant from his command. "I can't spare that man," the President replied, "he fights." Grant was a born leader of men. He was a consum mate strategist as he proved on hard- fought fields from Belmont to Appomat tox. But, as Lincoln's keen Insight early divined, the thing which made Grant su perior to every soldier of the Civil War, with one possible exception, was the cour age, the steadiness, and the dogged, In vincible pertinacity with which he always fought He had a most uncomfortable habit of flying straight at the throat of his enemy as soon as he got near him and hanging on with an Iron grip until his foe died or surrendered. This terrible grip conquered the brilliant Lee and choked the Southern Confederacy to death. Ulysses Simpson Grant was born at Point Pleasant O. His father, Jesse Grant, early predicted that Ulysses wouiosone day be President, but, like the Dukoof Wellington, he was regarded by most of those who knew him as a stupid youth. Grant graduated from West Point In 1843, ranking twenty-first In a class of 3?. He served under both Taylor and Scott in tho Mexican War. On the field of Molino del Rey he was made a First Lieutenant and at Chapultepec he was breveted Captain, both promotions being for gallantry in action. After resigning his commission In 1S34, Grant farmed, did a small real estate business In St Louis, and worked In his father's leather store at Galena, III. These were the dark years of his life. He was poor and hopeless. When the Civil War began Grant was regarded as a "decayed soldier," and found It hard to set a commission. At last Governor Yates appointed him Colo nel of tho Twenty-first Illinois. Ho swiftly brought this hitherto unruly regiment into excellent discipline. Promoted Brigadier General, he commanded ip person at the battle of Belmont had a horse shot under him, and defeated the Confederates under General Jeff Thompson. Grant early per ceived that tho capture of Forte Henry and Donelson would open a gateway into the heart of the South. In co-operation with Commodore Foote, he took Fort Henry on February 6. Tho defense of Fort Donelson was more stubborn, but Grant assaulted It so vigorously and per sistently that Its commander, General Buckner, on February 16, asked for terms. Grant answered: "No terms other than an unconditional and Immediate surrender can be accepted a reply which gained for him the nlcknama of "Unconditional Surrender" Grant Grant commanded 27,000 men at Fort Donelson. Buckner sur rendered to him 15,000 men. Grant's reward for this brilliant victory, practically the first won by the Union arms, was a Major- Generalship. . In April Grant started on an expe dltlon up the Tennessee River. Efcrly on the morning of the 6th, Albert Sid ney Johnston, one of the Confederacy's ablest Generals, with 40,000 men, at tacked 33,000 Union soldiers near Shi loh church and almost routed thorn. Grant, who was absent at the time of the attack, hurriod to the field, rallied his men, returned the attack, and, be ing reinforced by 20,000 men under Buell, defeated the Confederates in the bloodiest battle that had thus far been fought in America. The Confederate SOME HUMAN NATURE LEFT. So-Called Vices a3 Revenue Pro ducers. New York Sun. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue received during the fiscal year ending with last June 52C2.SO4.0O1. This was 52,163,079 more than his collections In 1902-03. Distilled spirits and fermented liquors, and cigars and smoking and chewing to baccos, contributed most heavily to the revenues. There was colected from the tax on distilled spirits, J129.564.242; on fer mented liquors. 543,208,132; on tobacco, 544.655.S0S: Drinkers and smokers, and all users of tobacco, who appear to bo in creasing In number, contribute more than nine-tenths of the total Internal revenue. Of the states, Illinois paid the moBt In ternal revenue taxes. Then came In order Now York. Indiana. Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania. Tho states paying the smallest amounts were Arkansas, Idaho, Maine, the Dakotas, Vorraont and. Wyom ing. Of the 66 collection districts, the Fifth District of Illinois reported the largest collections, the receipts from that district amounting to $34,059,315. Tho district of Hawaii was the lowest In point of collec tions, its receipts amounting to only 544.632. The revenue agents seized and destroyed or removed 1,018 illicit distilleries In tho year, and arrested 991 persons. Only ono person was Injured in these raids Deputy Collector George T. Rives, who wa3 wounded seriously near Marysvllle, Va., November 22, 1903. Since 1S97 the officers have seized 13.624 illicit stills, arresting 7.00S persons. Seven officers and employes were killed In these raids and 18 wounded. In 1903-04 Alabama contributed 130 of the seized stills, Georgia 367, North Carolina 252 and New York only 8. That snuff Ig still taken in vast quanti ties Is shown by the circumstance that the revenue from snuff increased by 51,156,789 last year over 1902-03. On the other hand, tho receipts from taxes on cigars and cigarettes fell off by 515,791. as compared with the same year. The present state of the tobacco trade is hown In this table for 1901: Clears large, number. - 6,707,471.563 Small, number 696.8W.007 Cigarettes Small, number - 3,220.682.258 Large, number 8.421,610 Tobacco, pounds 328.630.710 Snuff, pounds 20.157.580 New York has 5,536 tobacco factories, which used 33,000,000 pounds of leaf, -making 1,563,000,000 cigars during the year. , Pennsylvania came second on tho list. with 5,144 factories using 32,450,000 pounds of tobacco and producing 1,834.000.000 cigars and stogies. Third in the list was Illinois, with 2.513 factories using 6.260,000 pounds of tobacco and making 324.65O.C0O clgare. Florida, where tobacco working Is one of the principal Industries, had 418 fac tories, using 4,865.000 pounds of the weed to make 235,634,000 smokes. Alaska has five factories and Hawaii only one. In the calendar year of 1903 cigarettes to the number of 3,366,457,215 were turned out. In 1902 their record was 2.971,360,447. That is, the popular demand for stimu lation keeps the Internal Revenue Com missioner in funds. There still is a con siderable tincture of human nature in hu manity at the beginning of the new cen tury. Not the Only Chance. Harper's Weekly. During the first night of George Ade's new play, "The College Widow." in New York, the author was walking about the office of his hotel when spoken to by an out-of-town friend. "I'm awfully disappointed, Ade," he said; "I wanted to get over to see your piece tonight, but I couldn't manage it I will try to get away and look In at the Widow for one act" Ade observed the speaker for a moment "Well," he said, dryly, "there a chance, you know, that It'll be on tomorrow night" TIMES the Chicago Tribune.) loss was 10,695 men. The Union loss was 13,047- The possesion of Vicksburg, the Gib raltar of America" gave the Confeder ates control of a large part of the Mis sissippi River and was of great strate gical Importance. Being within his military division, Grant resolved to take this city, and in January, 1S63. began operations to that end. The Union General had but 45,000 men. as against 40,000 that Pemberton had in "Vicksburg and 15,000 that Joseph E. Johnston had at Jackson. Grant, with Napoleonic swiftness, attacked and beat Johnston, and then turned upon Pemberton. who had . marched to meet him, and chased him into Vicksburg with a heavy loss. The siege of vicks burg lasted five months and was at tended with difficulties such as only a Grant could surmount The besieging army slowly increasea to o;uuu .men. On July 4 Pemberton surrendered the city and 29,491 men; and he had lost 10,000 men previously. The total Union los3 in the operations was 9362. Grant's victory hero was one of the greatest ever achieved by a General in the history o the world. In the Fall Grant concentrated his forces to defend Chattanooga, which was threatened by Bragg. In tho three days' battle of Chattanooga, of which the Lookout Mountain and Mis sionary Ridge fights were part3, he again triumphed. "Considering the strength of- the rebel position and the hdJfilcufty of storming the intrench- ments, the battle Of Chattanooga must be considered the naost remarkable in history," wrote the then Union Commander-in-Chief, General Halleck. For hjs series of victories in the West Grant was made Lieutenant Gen eral and Commander-in-Chief of the Union armies in February, 1864. He at once took Immediate charge of the Army ot the Potomac against Lee. Grant believed he would in the long run save money and lives if he swiftly crushed the rebellion, no matter at what Immediate cost of treasure and blood. He proposed, therefore, "to hammer continuously against tha armed force of the enemy and his re sources, until by mere attrition, if In no other way," the South should ba subdued. Furious fighting began be tween the giants of war. Grant had more than 120,000 men. Lee had about half as many. Leo had the advantage of being on his own ground and of fighting on the defensive. The dread ful battles of the Wilderness, of Spottsylvanla Courthouse, ot Cold Harbor, followed in rapid succession. Fifty-five thousand Union soldiers and 32,000 Confederates fell within 40 days. Then Grant, still aggressive, perti nacious, unrelenting, sat down before Petersburg. Leo sent Early down the Shenandoah Valley to threaten Wash ington. Grant sent after him Sheri dan, who routed him. Let Lee maneu ver and struggle as ho would. Grant's grip upon him tightened and tightened. Lee's last desperate, despairing effort to escape was made April 9, 1865. The historic meeting at Appomattox Court house followed. Lee surrendered the remnant of the Confederate army a3 prisoners of war. Grant generously paroled them and let them keep their sidearms and their horses, which they would need to till tholr fields. On July 26 Grant was made General of the armies of the United States, a rank which had been created for him. After having served two terras as President, he made a tour of the world, engaged unsuccessfully In business, and wrote his "Memoirs." After months of suffering, he died at Mount McGregor, N. Y., on July 23, 1885, of cancer of the throat His funeral was the most im posing that ever took place in America He was burled at Rlyorsido Park, New York. S. O. D. DR. HILL1S ON NEW YORK. Famous Preacher Says Caustic Things About Metropolis. New York Commercial. According to the notions of the Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight Hlllls of Plymouth Church In our cross-river borough, we New Yerkers are a sorry lot for the most part full of self-sufficiency, with our bump of self-importance overswelled and with an exaggerated idea of this city's re lation to the affairs of the nations. We are pessimists, he declares, we ape Eng land, we criticise democracy, we talk down heroism, "calling it cheap martyr om." "Here you are," he tells us, "eating many kinds of food, pouring rich wines down your throats, saturating yourselves with all kinds of ease and luxury, and then preparing to die out of life, when God has put you here for something bet ter. You are not happy." The pastor of Plymouth Church will pardon us, we feel sure, if we venture the remark that ho seems tp be alone in hav ing made theso terrible discoveries. Ho obviously believes all that he says, how over, and takes the matter and himself very seriously when he adds that the "real preachers" aro in the West and thus describes himself: . "I am a man who spends his time mixing tonics to try to get up an appetite in you who are gorged to the point of gluttony." If this latest homily by Dr. Hlllls Is a sample of the tonics that he is "handing out" as a cure for all the sins and short comings with which he charges us Now Yorkers, he cannot be commended as a mixologist There aro others and better than he persons who "know their New York" thoroughly and are not so easily deceived by appearances. The trouble with him is, apparently, that ho has taken too hasty and too superficial a view of the men of New York. The town is not all Tenderloin. Where there 13 one man living In ease and luxury and dissipation here, "aping England," exalting the me tropolis and talking down democracy there are 10,000 living clean, quiet orderly lives, working 10 hours a day and sleep ing eight at night God-fearing men for tho most part, not conceited or boastful or pessimistic, but modest, energetic, hopeful, enterprising, working each in his own way for "something better" and thus helping to make his fellows and the com munity, -better. The great bulk of our NSW York population Is not to be hastily charged with leading aimless, enervating, useless lives simply because a walk up and down Broadway or past the Beecher statue puts the walker in touch with the superficialities of Gotham life. Strange Possibility at Port Arthur. New York Evening Sun. According to an officer of the French General Staff, there is still heavy work for the besiegers to do. "Before the Jap anese can get Into Port Arthur," he says, "they will have to destroy the seebnd line of forts, which will take them a cer tain time, and when they have done this thoy will themselves come under the fire of the three redoubts. Until they have silenced the fire of these three re doubts they will not bo masters of Port Arthur. And to silence It thoy will have to carry on a regular siege under very difficult conditions, for the redoubts are constructed in the solid rock, and the troops defending them will all be under ground. Further, owing to the position of the redoubts with regard to the sea, sapping will be out of the question, as the water would get into the trenches. The redoubts are well provisioned, and It will be very difficult to starve them out It looks as if we shall get the astonish ing spectacle, unprecedented In history, of a place which belongs no longer to any one, abandoned by the defenders, un tenable by the assailants, and this situ ation, failing the arrival 'of help for the defenders, will be indefinitely prolonged."