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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 7, 1904)
13 POLICY OF NATION AND REFORMS THAT ARE NECESSARY SET FORTH THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 19te. by Jaw it should be provided that Consuls should be familiar, according to places for -which they apply, with the French, German, or Spanish languages, and should possess acquaintance with the resources of the United States. The collection of objects of art contem plated in section 5380 of the revised stat utes should be deslg- nated and established N&Uonal Gallery of Art. as a National Gallery of Art; and the Smith- s o n i a n Institution should be authorized to accept any additions to said oolleotlon that may be received by gift, bequest, or devise. It is desirable to enact a proper National quarantine law. It is most undesirable that state siiouia on lis own initiative enforce National Quarantine Law. quarantine regulations which are in effect a restriction upon inter state and international commerce. The ques tion should properly be assumed by the Government alone. The Surgeon-General of the National Public Health and Marine Hospital Service has repeatedly and con vincingly sst forth the need for such legis lation. I call your attention to the great extrav agance In printing and binding Govern ment publications, and especially to the fact that altogether too many of these pub lications are printed. There is a constant tendency to increase their number and their volume. It is an understatement to say that no appreciable harm .Extra vocalic In Printing. would be caused by, and substantial bene fit would accrue from. decreasing; the amount of printing now done by at least one-half. Probably the great majority of the 'XJov crnraont reports and the like now printed etc never read at all, and furthermore the print ing of much of the material contained In many of the remaining ones serves no useful purpose whatever. The attention of the Congress should be especially given to the currency question. and that the standing Currency. committees on the matter In the two houses charged with the duty, take up the matter of our currency and see whether It is not possible to secure an agreement in the business world for bettering the system; the committees should consider the question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the problem of securing in our currency such elasticity as is consistent with safety. Every silver dollar should be made by law redeem able in gold at the option of the holder. I especially commend to your Immediate attention the encour Merchant Marine, agement of our mer chant marine by ap propriate legislation. The growing Importance of the Orient as a field for American exports drew from my predecessor. President McKlnley, an urgent request for its special Oriental Markets, consideration by the Congress. In his mes sage of 1698 he stated: "In this relation, as showing the peculiar volume and value of our trade with China and the peculiarly favorable conditions which exist for their expansion in the normal course of trade. I refer to the communication addressed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives by the Secre tary of the Treasury on the 14th of last June, with its accompanying letter of the Secretary of State, recommending an appro priation for a commission to study the in dustrial and commercial conditions in the Chinese Empire and to report as to the op portunities for and the obstacles to tho en largement of markets in China for the raw products and manufactures of the United States. Action was not taken thereon dur ing the last session. I cordially urge that the recommendation receive at your ' hands the consideration which its importance and timeliness merit." In his annual message of 1S99 he again called attention to this recommendation, quoting It, and stated further: "I now renew this recommendation, as the importance of the subject has steadily grown Mnce it was first submitted to you. and no time should be lost in studying for ourselves the resources of this great field for American trade and enterprise." The importance of securing proper in formation and data with a view to the enlargement of our trade with Asia is undi minished. Our Consular representatives in China have strongly urged a place for per manent displays of American products in wmc prominent trade center of that em pire, under Government control and man agement, as an effective means of advanc ing our export trade therein. I call the at tention of the Congress to the desirability vt carrying out these suggestions. In dealing with tho questions of immigra tion and naturalization it is indispensable to keep certain facts ever before the minds of those who share in enacting the laws. First and foremost, let us Immigration and Naturalization. remember that the question of being a good American has nothing whatever to do with a man's birthplace any more than It has to do with his creed. In every generation from the time this Government, was founded men of foreign birth have stood in the very foremost rank or good citizenship, and that trot merely in one. but In every field of Amer ican actlx-ity; while to try to draw a distinc tion between the man whose parents came to this country and the man whose ances tors came to it several generations baok is a mere absurdity. Good Americanism is a mat ter of heart, of conscience, of lofty aspira tion, of sound common sense, but not of Dirtnpiacu. or or creed. The medal of honor. the highest prize to be won by those who (erve in the Army and Navy of tho United States, decorates men born here, and It also decorates mon born In Great Britain and Jreiana, in Germany, In Scandinavia, in ! ranee, and doubtless In other countries also In the field of statesmanship. In the field of business, in the field of phllanthroDhic en doavor. it is equally true that among the mn or wnom we are most proud as Amer leans no distinction whatever can be drawn between those who themselves or whose oar ents came over in sailing ship or steamer from across the water and those whose an cestors stepped ashore into the wooded wil derness at Plymouth or at the mouth of the .Hudson, the Delaware or the James nearly three centuries ago. No fellow-citizen of ours is entitled to any peculiar regard because of the way In which he worships his Maker, or oecause 01 mo Dirtnpiace of himself or his parents, nor mould he be In any way dis criminated against therefor. Each must stand on his worth as a man, and each Is entitled to be judged solely thoreby. There is no danger of having too "many im migrants of the right kind. It makes no dif ference from what country they come. If tncy are sound in body and in mind, and, above all. If they are of good character cm that we can rost assured that their children nd grandchildren will be worthy fellow-citl-sens of our children and grandchildren, then tc siiouia welcome mom with cordial hoBol tallty. But the citizenship of this country should not be debased. It is vital that wo should keep high the standard of well-bplni- omnnr- our wagoworkers. and therefore we should not aomit masyes or men whose standards of liv ing and whose personal customs and habits are such that they tend to lower the level of the American wageworkcr; and above all wo should not admit any man of a -unworthy type, any man concerning whom we canv that he will himself be a bad citizen, or that his children and grandchildren will detract xrom instead or adding to the sum of the good citizenship or the country. Similarly, we snouid tane tue greatest care about natu rallzation. Fraudulent naturalization, the naturalization of improper persons, is a curse. to our Government: and It is the affair of ever- honest voter, wherever born, to see that, no fraudulent voting Is allowed, that no fraud in connection with naturalization Is permitted. In tho past year the cases of false, fraud ulent and Improper naturalization of aliens coining to the attention of the executive branches cf the Government have increased to an alarming degree. Extensive sales of forged certificates of naturalization have been discovered, as well as many cases of natural ization secured by perjury and fraud: and. In jiaumon, instances have accumulated show' ing that many courts Issue certificates of naturalization carelessly and upon lnsuffl elent evidence. Under the Constitution, it is in the power of the Congress "to establish a uniform rule of naturalization." and numerous laws havo from time to time been enacted for that pur pose., wnicn nave been sutinlemented In few states by state laws having special ap plication. The Federal statutes permit natu rallzation by any court of record in the X nltcd btates having common-law iurlsdic tion and a sAl and clerk, except the Follce Court of the District of Columbia, and nearly an mesc courts exercise this Important fune tion. It results that where so many courts or sucn varying grades have Jurisdiction. there is lack or uniformity In the rules ap piled in conferring naturalization. Som courts arc strict and others lax. An alien who may se-ure naturalization In one place might be denied It in another, and the intent of the constitutional provision Is In fact de featcd. Furthermore, the certificates of nat urallzation issued by the courts differ widely In wording and appearance, and when they are brought into use in foreign countries, are frequently subject to suspicion. There should be a comprehensive revision of the naturalization laws. The courts hav ing power to naturalize should be definitely named by National authority; the testimony . . upon which naturallz- Naturalization Laws atlon may be con , . . f erred should be defl- Should Be Revised. nltely prescribed; pub lication of impending naturalization application should be required in advance of their hearing In court: the form and wording of all certificates issued should be uniform throughout the country, and tho courts should be required to make returns to the Secretary of State at stated periods of all naturalizations conferred. Not only are the laws relating to natural ization now defective, but those relating to citizenship of the United States ought also to be made the subject of scientific inquiry with a view to prob lem's Concerning Citizenship. able further legisla tion. By what acts expatriation may be assumed to have been accomplished, how long an American citizen may reside abroad and receive the protection of our passport, whether any degree of protec tion should be extended to one who has made the declaration of intention to become a citi zen of the United States but has not secured naturalization, are questions of serious im port, involving personal rights and often pro ducing friction between this Government and foreign governments. Tet upon these ques tions our laws are silent. I recommend that an examination be made into the subjects of citizenship, expatriation and protection of Americans abroad, with a view to appropri ate legislation. The power of the Government to protect the integrity of the elections of its own offi cials is inherent, and has been recognized and affirmed by repeated declarations of the Supreme Court. There Is no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so in sidious as the corruption of the electorate. No one defends or ex- Protection of Elections. cuses corruption, and It would seem to fol low that none would oppose vigorous meth ods to eradicate It. I recommend the enact ment of a law directed against bribery and corruption in Federal elections. The details of such a law may be safely left to the wise discretion of the Congress, but it should go as far as under the "institution it is possible to go, and should Include severe penalties against him who gives or receives a bribe Intended to Influence his act or opinion as an elector; and provisions for the publication not only of the expenditures for nominations and elections of all candidates, but also of all contributions received and expenditures made by political committees. No subject is better worthy the attention of the Congress than that portion of the report of the Attorney-General dealing with tho long delays and the great obstruction to Justice experienced in the Delays In Criminal cae!L,or Beavers' GSn Prosecutions. uuu 'uaj uui, ouu ucu- eon. "Were these Iso lated and special cases. I should not call your attention to them; but the difficulties encountered as regards theae men who have been Indicted for criminal prac tices are not exceDtlonal: they are precisely similar in kind to what occurs again and again in the case of criminals who have sufficient means to enable them to take advantage of system of procedure which has grown up In the Federal courts and which amounts in effect to making the law easy of enforcement against the man who has no money, and difficult or enforcement, even to the point of sometimes securing immunity, as regards the man who has money. In criminal cases the writ of tne United States should run throughout Its bor ders. The wheels of justice should not be clogged, as they have been clogged In the cases above mentioned, where it has proved absolutely Impossible to bring the accused to the place appointed by the Constitution for hi a trial. Of recent years there has been grave and increasing complaint of the difficulty of bringing to justice those criminals whose crim lnallty. instead of being against one person in the Republic, is against all persons in the lie public, because it is against the Republic itself. Under any circumstance and from the very nature of the case. It is often exceedingly difficult to secure proper punishment of those who have been guilty of wrongdoing against the Government. By the time the offender can be brought into court the popular wrath against him has generally subsided: and there is In most Instances very slight danger Indeed of any prejudice existing In the minds of the Jury against him. At present the Interests of the Innocent man are amply eafeguarded; but the interests of the Government, that is. the .interests of honest administration, that is the interests of the people, arc not recognized as they -should be. No subject better warrants the attention of the Congress, indeed, no subject better warrants the attention of the bench and the bar throughout the United States. Alaska, like all our territorial acquisitions. has proved resourceful beyond the expectations of those who made the purchase. It has be come the home of many hardy. Industrious and thrifty American dtl- Alaskn. zens. Towns of a per manent character have been built. The extent of Its wealth in mln crab. timber, fisheries and agriculture, while great, is probably not comprehended yet in any Just measure by our people, ne do know. however, that from a very small beginning its products have grown until they are a steady and material contribution to the wealth of the Nation. Owing to the Immensity of Alaska and its location In the far north, it is a dlfil cult matter to provide many things essential to its growth and to the happiness and com fort of its people by private enterprise alone It should, therefore, receive reasonable ld from the Government. The Government has already done excellent work for Alaska In laying cables and building telegraph lines, This work has been done in the most econom leal and efficient way by the Signal Corps of the Army. In some respects It has outgrown Its present laws, while in others those laws have been found to be Inadequate. In order to obtain information upon which I could rely I caused an official of the Department of Justice, In whose judgment I have confidence, to visit Alaska during the past Summer for the pur pose of ascertaining how government is ad ministered there and what legislation is act ually needed at present. A statement of the conditions found to exist, together with eome recommendations and the reasons therefor. In which I strongly concur, will be found In the annual report of the Attorney-General. In some instances I feel that the legislation sug. gested Is so imperatively needed that I am moved briefly to emphasize the Attorney-Gen crars proposals. Under the code of Alaska as it now stands, many purely administrative powers, and duties, including by far the most lm portant. devolve upon the District Judges or upon the Clerks of the District Court acting under the direction of the Judges, while the Governor, upon whom these powers and du ties should logically fall, has nothing spe clflc to do except to make annual reports. issue Thanksgiving day proclamations, and appoint Indian policemen and notaries pub lic. I believe it essential to good govern ment In Alaska, and therefore recommend. that the Congress divest tho District Judges and clerks of their courts of the adminis trative or executive functions that they now exercise and cast them upon the Governor. This would not be an innovation; it would simply conform the government of Alaska to fundamental principles, making the Gov ernorship a real instead of a merely nominal office, and leaving the Judges free to glv their entire attention to their Judicial duties and at the same time removing them from groat deal of the strife that now em barrasws the Judicial office in Alaska. I also recommend that the salaries of the District Judges and District Attorneys Alaska be increased so as to make them equal to those received by corresponding of ficers in the United States after deducting the difference In th cot of living; that the District Attorneys should be prohibited from engaging In private practice; that United States Commissioners be appointed by the Governor of the territory, instead of by the District Judges, and that a-'Sxed salary be provided for them to take the place of the discredited "fee Bystem." which should be abolished in all offices; that a mounted con stabulary be created to police thn territory outside the limits of Incorporated towns a vast section now wholly without police pro tectlon; and tnat eome prevision be made to at least lessen the oppressive delays and costs tnat now attend tne prosecution of ap. peals from the District Court of Alaska. There should be a division of the existing judicial districts, ana an increase in the number of Judges. Alaska should have a Delegate in the Con gress. Where possible, tb Congress should aid In the construction or needed wagon roads. Additional lighthouses should be pro vided. In my Judgment. It is especially Im portant to aid in such manner as seems Just and feasible In the construction of a trunk line of railway to connect the Gulf of Alaska with the Yukon River through American ter ritory. This would be most beneficial to the development of the resources of the territory, and to the comfort and welfare of its people. SRlmon hatcheries should be established manv different streams, so as to secure the preservation of this valuable food fish. Sal mon fisherien and canneries should be pro hibited on certain of the rivers where the mass of thono Indians dwell who live almost exclusivelr on fish The Alaskan natives are kindly, intelll sent, anxious to learn, and willing to work, Those who have come under the Influence of civilization. ven for a limited period, have proved their capability of becoming NATIONAL QUARANTINE LA"W. It is desirable to enact a proper Katfonal quarantine law. It Is most un desirable that a state should .on its own initiative enforce quarantine regulations which are in effect a restric tion upon Interstate and international commerce. EXTRAVAGANCE IN PUBLIC PRINTING. There is great extravagance in printing and".blnding Govern ment publications. Altogether too many of these publications arc printed. No appreciable harm would be caused by decreasing the amount of. printing now done by at least one-half. CURRENCY. The committees-should consider the question of the retirement of 'the greenbacks and the problem of securing in our currency such elasticity as is consistent with safety. Every silver dollar should be made by law redeemable in gold at the option of the holder. MERCHANT MARINE; ORIENTAL TRADE. The merchant marine should be encouraged by appropriate leg islation. The Importance of securing proper Information and data with a view to the enlargement of our trade with Asia is undiminished. IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP. The question of being a good American has nothing whatever to do with a man's birthplace any more than It has- to do with his creed. "We should riot admit classes of men whose standards of living and whose personal customs and habits are such that they tend to lower the Ievol of the American wageworker. There should be a comprehensive revision of the naturalization laws. By what act3 ex patriation may be assumed to have been accomplished, how long an American may reside abroad and receive the protection of our passport, and kindred questions .are not covered by our laws, but should be. PROTECTION OF ELECTIONS. I recommend the enactment of a law directed against bribery and corrup tion in Federal elections, and provisions for the publication not only of he expenditures for nominations and elec tions of all candidates, but also of all contributions received and expenditures made by political committees. DELAYS IN CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS. In criminal cases the writ of the United States should run throughout Its borders. The wheels of justice should not be clogged, as they have been clogged in the Beavers, Green and Gaynor, and Benson cases. ALASKA. Alaska should have a delegate In the Congress. There should be a division of the existing ju dicial districts, and an increase In the number of Judges. I recommend that Congress divest the District -Judges and clerks of their courts of the administrative or executive functions that they now exercise and cast them upon the Governor. I also recommend that the salaries of tho District Judge.s and District Attorneys be increased. HATVAII AND PORTO RICO. In Hawaii, Congress should give the Governor power to remove all the officials appointed under him. The harbor of Honolulu should be dredged. The Marine Hospital Service should be empow ered to study leprosy In the islands. I ask special consideration for the report and recommendations of the Governor of Porto Rico. FOREIGN POLICY. The s$ead alav -of this Nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of justice. There is as yet no judicial way of enforohrg1 a right In International law. If the great civilized nations of the present day should completely disarm, the result would mean an Immediate recrudescence of barbarism in one form or another... ARBITRATION TREATIES. We are in every way endeavoring to help on. with cordial good will, every move ment which will tend to bring us into more friendly relations, with the rest of mankind. In pursuance of this policy I shall shortly lay before the Senate treaties of arbitration with all powers which are willing to enter Into these treaties with us. . POLICY TOWARD WESTERN HEMISPHERE. It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their wel fare. All that this country desires Is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. RIGHTS OF AMERICANS ABROAD. It Is necessary for us firmly to Insist upon the rights of our own, citi zens without regard to their creed or race; without regard to whether they were born here or born abroad. It has proved very difficult to secure from Russia the right for our Jewish fellow-citizens to receive passports and travel through Russian territory. Such conduct 1b not only unjust and irritating toward us, but it is difficult to see its wisdom from Russia's standpoint. THE NAVY. The strong arm of the Government in enforcing respect for its just rights In international matters is the Navy of the United States. I most earnestly recommend that there be no halt In the work of upbuild ing the American Navy.' The lessons taught by the war in the Far East are both strategic and tactical, and are political as well as military. Our great fighting ships and torpedo-boats must be ceaselessly trained'and maneuv ered In squadrons. The officers and men can only learn their trade thoroughly by ceaseless practice on the high seas. No effort must be spared to make the service attractive to the enlisted men In order that they may be kept as long as possible in it. Reservation public schools should 'be provided wherever there are navy-yards. The main standby in our Navy must be the great battleship. ARMY. Our Army has been reduced to the minimum at which it is possible to keep it with due regard to its efficiency. No other civilized nation has, relatively to its population, sjich a diminutive arm) as ours; and while the Army is so small we are not to be excused If we fail to keep It at a very high grade of proficiency. We should be able, in the event of some sudden emergency, to put Into the field one first-class Army corps, which should be, as a whole, at least the equal of any body of troops of like number belonging to any other nation. PHILIPPINES. Our people must keep steadily before their minds the fact that the justification for our stay in the Philippines must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good we are able to do in the islands. The Filipinos will certainly misuse the Legislature, which we are to give them in two years. If they are misled by foolish persons here at home into starting an agitation for their own independence or into any factious or Improper action. Unfortunate ly, hitherto those of our people here at home who have specially claimed to be the champions of the Filipinos have, in reality, been their worst enemies. We should certainly give them lower tariff rates on their exports to the United States; If this is not done it will be a wrong to extend our shipping Jaws to them. I earnestly hope for the immediate enactment Into law of the legislation now pending to encourage American capital to seek Invest ment In the Islands In railroads, in factories, in plantations and in lumbering and mining. self-supporting, self-respecting citizens, and ask only for the Just enforcement of law and intelligent Instruction and supervision. Others living In more remote regions, prim itive, simple hunters and -flaaer iolK, wno know only the life of the woods and the waters, are dally being confronted with 20th century civilization, with all of Its complexi ties. Their country Is being overrun by strangers, the game slaughtered and driven away, the streams depleted of fish, and hitherto unknown and fatal diseases brought to them, all of which combine to produce a state of abject poverty and want which must result In their extinction. Action in tneir Interest Is demanded by every consiccrauon of Justice and humanity. The needs of these people are: The . abolition of the present fee system. whereby the native Is degraded, imposed upon, and taught the Injustice of law. The establishment or nospuais at central points, so that contagious diseases that are brought to thern continually by Incoming whites may be localized and not allowed to become epidemic, to spread death and desti tution over great areas. The development of tho educational tystem in the form of practical training In such industries as will assure the Indians self support under the changed conditions in wliich they will have to live. The duties of the oflice or the Governor should be extended to Include the supervi sion of Indtan affairs, with necessary assist ants In different districts. He. should bo provided with the means and the power to protect and advise the native people, to fur nish medical treatment in time or epiaem ics. and to extend material relief in periods of famine and extreme destitution. The Alaskan natives should be given the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of prop erty upon the same conditions as given other inhabitants; and the privilege or citizenship should be given to Hawaii and Porto Rico. such as may be able to meet certain defi nite requirements. In Hawaii. Congress should give the Governor power to remove all the officials appointed under him. .Tho harbor of Honolulu should be dredged. The Marine Hospital Service snouiti ie empow ered to study leprosy In the Islands. I ask special consideration for the report and rec ommendations of the Governor of Porto Rico. In treating of our foreign policy and of the attitude that this great Nation should as sume in the world at large. It Is absolutely necessary to consider the Army ana, tne Navy, and the Congress, through wnicn me thought" or the Nation Foreign Policy. finds its expression, should keep ever viv idly In mind the fundamental fact that It 1 Impossible to treat our foreign policy, wheth er this policy takes shape in the effort to secure Justice for others or Justice for our selves, save as conditioned upon the attitude wo are willing to take toward our Army, and especially toward our Navy. It is not merely unwise. It In contemptible, for a Nation, as for an individual, to use high-sounding lan guage to proclaim Its purposes, or to take positions which are ridiculous If unsupported by potential force, and then to refuse to provide this force. If there Is no Intention of providing and of keeping the force necj essary to oacx up a strong aiuiuae. men it is far better not to assume such an attitude. The Bteady aim of this Nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of Justice. There arc kinds of peace which are highly undesirable, which are In the long run as destructive as any war. Tyrants and oppressors have many times made a wilder ness and called it peace. Many times peo ples who were slothful or timid or short sighted, who had been enervated by ease or by luxury, or misled by false teachings, have shrunk In unmanly fashion from doing duty that was stem and that needed selr-nacrlflce. and have sought to hide from their own minds their shortcomings, their Ignoble mo tlvtc. by calling them love of peace. The peace of tyrannous terror, the peace of cra ven weakness, the peace of injustice, all these should be shunned as we shun unright eous war. The goal to set before us as a natlcn, the goal which, should be set before all mankind. Is the attainment of the peace of Justice, of the peace which comes when each natlpn Is not merely safeguarded In Its own rights, but scrupulously recognizes and performs Its duty toward others. Generally peace tells for righteousness; but If there Is conflict, be tween the two. then our fealty is due first to the cause of righteousness. Unrighteous wars are common, and unrighteous peace Is rare: but both should be shunned". The right of freedom and the responsibility for the exercise of that right cannot be divorced. One of our great poets has well and finely said that freedom Is not a gift that tarries long In the hands of cowards. Neither does It tarry long in the hands of those too sloth ful, too dishonest, or too unintelligent to exercise It- The eternal vigilance which is the price of liberty must be exercised, some times to guard against outside foes; although of course, far more often to guard against our own selfish or thoughtless shortcom ings. If these self-evident truths are kept bofore us, and only If they are so kept before us, we shall have a clear Idea of what our foreign policy In Its larger aspects should be. It la our duty to remember that a nation has no more right to do injustice to another n&tton, strong or weak, than an Individual has to do injus tice to another' individual; that the same moral law applies In one case as In the other, .nut we mubt also remember that It Is as much th duty of the Nation to guard its own rights and Its own interests as it is the duty of the SOME RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE individual so to do. "Within the Nation the individual has now delegated this right to the state, that Is. to the representative of all the individuals, and It Is a maxim of the law that for every wrong there Is a remedy. But In international law we have not advanced by auy means as far as we have advanced in munici pal law. There Is as yet no judicial way of enforcing a right in International law. When one nation wrongs another, or wrongs many others, there is no tribunal before which the wrongdoer can be brought. Either It is neces sary supinely to acquiesce In the wrong, and thus put a premium upon brutality and ag gression,, or else It Is necessary for the ag grieved nation -valiantly to stand up for It" rights. Until some method Is devised by which there shall be a degree of International control over offending nations. It would be a wicked thing for the most civilized powers, for thoso with most sense of International obligations and with keenest and most generous apprecia tion of the difference between right and wrong, to disarm. If the great civilized nations of the present day should completely disarm, the result would mean an Immediate recrudescence of barbar ism In one form or another. Under any cir cumstances a sufficient armament would have to be kept up to serve the purposes of Inter national police; and until International cohe sion and the sense of International duties and rights arc far more advanced than at present, a nation desirous both of securing respect for herself and of doing good to others must havo a force adequate for the work which It feels is allotted to it aa Its part of the general world duty. Therefore, it follows that a self-respecting. Just and far-seeing nation should on the one hand endeavor by every means to aid In the development of the various movements which tend to provide substitutes for war, which tend to render nations In their actions toward one another, and Indeed toward their own peo ples, more responsive to the general sentiment of humane and civilized mankind: and on the other hand that It should keep prepared, while scrupulously avoiding wrongdoing Itself, to repel any wrong, and In exceptional cases to take action which In a more advanced stage of International relations would come under the head of the exercise of International police. A great free people owes It to Itself and to all mankind not to sink Into helplessness be fore the powers of evil. We are In ever way endeavoring to help on, with cordial good will, every movement which will tend to Arbitration Treaties, bring us into more friendly relations with the rest of mankind. In pursuanco of this policy I shall shortly lay before the Senate treaties of arbitration with all powers which are willing to enter Into these treaties with us. It Is not possible at this period of the world's development to agree to arbitrate all matters, but there are many matters of pos sible difference between us and other nations which can be thus arbitrated. Furthermore, at the request of the Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body composed of practical states. men from all countries. Second Hague Conference. I have asked the pow em to Join with this Government In a sec ond Hague conference, at which It Is hoped that the work already so happily begun at The Hague may be carried ome sleps further toward completion. This carries out the desire expressed by -the first Uajpip -Conference luelf. It Is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the "Western Hemisphere eave such ns arc for their welfare. All that this country Poller Toward Other desires Is to see the . ... , neighboring countries stable, orderly, and Hemisphere. prosperous. Any coun v try whose people con duct themselves well can count upon our hearty iriendehio. If a nation shows that It knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and de cency In social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an Impotence which results in a sreneral loosening of the1 ties of civilized so ciety, may, in America, as elsewhere, ulti mately require Intervention by come civilized nation, 'and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly. In flagrant cases of such wrong doing or Impotence, to the exercise or an Inter- j national police power. If every country washed I by the Caribbean Sea would show the progress In stable and just civilization which, with the aid of the Piatt amendment. Cuba has shown since our troops left the Island, and which so many of the republics in both Americas are constantly and brilliantly showing, all question of Interference by this Nation with the!rttffalrs would be at an e.nd. Our Inter ests and those of our Southern neighbors are In reality Identical. They have great natural riches, and If within their borders the reign of law and Justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them. While they thus obey the primary laws of civilized society they may rest assured that they will be treated by us in a spirit of cordial and helpful srmpathy We would Interfere with them only In the last resort, and then only If It became evident that their Inability or unwllllngnees to do Justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had Invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations. It la a mere truism to zay that every nation, whether In America or anywhere else, whlcff desires to maintain Its freedom. Its Independence, must ultimately realize that the right of such Independence cannot be separated from the responsibility or maKing good use or it. In asf-ertlr.g the Monroe Doctrine, in tak ing such stepstfas we have-takn In regard to Cuba, Venezuela and Panama, and in PRESIDENT endeavoring to circumscribe the theater of war In the Far Bast, and to secure the open door In China, we have acted In our own Interest -as well as In the Interest humanity at large. There are. however. cases In which, while our own Interests are not greatly Involved, strong appeal Is made to our- sympathies. Ordinarily It is very much wiser and more useful for us to con cent ourselves with striving for our own moral and material betterment here at home than to concern ourselves with trying to bet' ter trie condition of things In other nations. We have plenty of sins of our own to war against, and under ordinary circumstances we can do more for the general uplifting of humanity by striving with heart and soul to put a stop to civic corruption, to brutal lawlessness and violent race prejudices here at home than by passing resolutions about wrongdoing elsewhere. Nevertheless there are occasional crimes committed on no vast j scale and of such peculiar horror as to make us doubt whether It Is not our mani fest duty to endeavor at least to show our disapproval of the deed and our sympathy i with those who have suffered by it. Tho cases must be extreme in which such a course Is justifiable. There must be no ef fort made to remove the mote from our brother's eye If we refuse to remove the beam from our own. But In extreme cases action may be Justifiable and proper. What form the action shall take must depend upon the circumstances of the case; that is, upon tho degree of the atrocity and upon our power to remedy it. The cases In which we could Interfere by force of arms as we Interfered to put a stop to Intolerable conditions In Cuba are neces sarily very few. Yet it is not to be ex pected that a people like ours, which, in spite of certain very obvious shortcomings. nevertheless as a whole shows by Its con sistent practice Its belief In the principles of civil and religious liberty and of orderly freedom, a people among whom even the worst crime, like the crime of lynching. Is never more than sporadic, so that Individu als and not classes are molested In their fundamental rights It Is Inevitable that such a Nation should desire eagerly to give expression to its horror on an occasion like that of the massacre of the Jews in Klshlnef. or .when It witnesses such systematic and longyxtcnded cruelty and oppression as the cruelly and oppression of which the Ar menians have been the victims, and which have won for them the Indignant pity of the civilized world. Even where It Is not possible, to secure In other nations the observance of the prin ciples which we accept as axiomatic, it Is necessary for us firm Rights of American J ?slft uPn h, rights of our own cttl ClUzens Abroad. zens wjthout regard to their creed or race; without regard to whether they were born here or borri abroad. It has proved very difficult to secure from Russia the right for our Jewish fellow-cltixens to receive pass ports and travel through Russian territory. Such conduct Is not only unjust and Irri tating toward us. but it Is difficult to see Its wisdom from RujMa's standpoint. No conceivable good Is accomplished by it- If an American Jew or an American Christian misbehaves himself In Russia he can at once be driven out; hut the ordinary Ameri can Jew. like the ordinary American Chris Man. would behave just about as he behaves here, that is. behave as any good citizen ought to behave; and where this Is the case it is a wrong against which we are entitled to protest to refuse him his pass port without regard to his conduct and character, merely on racial and religious grounds. In Turkey our difficulties arise less from the way in which our citizens are sometimes treated than from the Indig nation Inevitably excited in seeing such fearful misrule as has been witnessed both In Armenia and Macedonia. The strong arm of the Government In en forcing respect for Its Just rights In inter national matters Is the Navy of the United' States. I most earnestly recommend that there be no halt in the The Navy. work of upbuilding tho American Navy. There is no more patriotic duty before us as people than to keep the Navy adequate to the needs of this ounti-y s position. Yc have undertaken to build the Isthmian Canal. We have undertaken to secure for ourselves our Just share In the trade of the Orient. e have undertaken to protect our citizens from Improper treatment In foreign lands. We continue steadily to insist on the application of the Monroe Doctrine to the Western Hemisphere. Unless our attitude In these and all similar matters Is to be a mere boastful sham we cannot afford to aban don bur naval programme. Our voice Is now potent for peace, and Is so potent because we are not afraid of war. But our protestations upon behalf of peace would neither receive nor deserve the slightest attention If we were Impotent to make them good. The war which now unfortunately rages In the Far East has emphasized In strik ing fashion the new possibilities of naval warfare. The lessons taught ore both 6tra tegic and tactical, and are political as well as military. The experiences of the war have shown in conclusive fashion that while sea-going and sea-keeping torpedo destroyers are Indispensable, and fast lightly armed and armored cruisers very useful, yet that the nviln reliance, the main standby. In anv navy worthy th name must be the great battleships, heavily armored and heav ily gunned. Not a Russian or Japanese bat tleshlp has been sunk by a torpedo-boat, or by gunfire, while among the les3 protected ships, cruiser after cruiser has been de. stroyed whenever the hostile squadrons have gotten within range or one another s weap ons. There will always bo u. large field CI usefulness for cruisers, especially of the more formidable type. We need to Increase the number of torpedo-boat destroyers, paj Ing less heed to their having a knot or two extra speed than to their capacity to keep the seas for weeks, and if necessary. ir months at a time. It Is wise to build sub marine torpedo-boats, as under certain clr cumstances they might be very useful. JJut most of all we need to continue building our fleet of battleships1, or ships so powerfully armcu tnat they can inflict the maximum or ; damage upon our opponents, and so well protected that they can suffer a severe ham mering In return without fatal Impairment of their ability to fight and maneuver. ur course, ample means must be nrovlded for enabling the personnel of the Navv to be brought to the highest point of efficiency. uur great fighting shins and torpedo-boats must be ceaselessly trained and maneuvered in squadrons. The officers and men can only learn ' their trade thoroughly by cease less practice on thfr high seas. In the event or war it woutd be far better to have no ships at all than to have ships of a poor and Ineffective type, or ships which, how ever good, were yet manned by untrained and unskilled crews. The be3t officers and men In a poor shlo could do nothlntr airalnst fairly good opponents; and on the other hand a modern warship Is useless unless the offi cers and men aboard her have become adepts In their duties. The marksmanship In our Navy has Improved In an extraor dinary degree during the last three years, and on the whole the types of our battle ships are Improving? but much remains to be done. Sooner or later we shall have to provide fgr some method by which there will be,projnotlons for merit as well as for sen iority, or else retirement of all those who after a certain age have not advanced be yond a certain grade; while no effort must be spared to make the service attractive to the enlisted men. in order that they may be kept as long as possible in It. Reservation public schools should be provided wherever there are navy-yards. Within the last three years the United States has set an example In disarmament where disarmament was prqper. By law our Army is fixed at a maximum of 100.000 and a minl The Army. mum of 00.000 men. When there was in surrection in the Philippines we kept the Army at the maximum. Peace came In tho Philippines, and now our Army has been reduced to the minimum at which it is pos sible to keep it with due regard to its effi ciency. The guns now mounted require 113.- 000 men. If the coast fortifications are to be adequately manned. Relatively to the Na tion. It Is not now so large as the police force of New York or Chicago relatively to the population of either city. We need more officers: there are not enough to perform tho regular Army work, it is very lmportan that the officers of the Army should be ac customed to handle their men in masses. as it is also important that the National Guard of the several states should be ac customed to actual field maneuvering, es peclally In connection "with the regulars. For this reason we are to bo congratulated upon the success of the field maneuvers at Man assas last Fall, maneuvers Jn which a larger number or regulars and national Guard took part than was ever before assembled together In time of peace. No other civil ized Nation has. relatively to Its population. such a diminutive Army as ours; and while the Army la so small we are not to be ex cused If we fall to keep It at a very high grade of proficiency. It must be Incessantly practiced; tho standard for the enlisted men should be kept very high, while at the same time tho service should be made as attract Ive as possible; and the standard for tho officers should be kept even higher which. as regards the upper ranks, can best be done by introducing some system of selection and rejection Into the promotions. "We should be able. In the event of some sudden emerg ency, to put Into the field one first-class Army corps, which should be. as a whole, at least the equal or any body or troops of ltko number belonging to any other nation. Great progress has been made In protecting our coasts by adequate rortlncatlons with sufficient guns. We should, however, pay much more heed than at present to the de velopment of an extensive system of floating mines for use In all our more Important harbors. These mines have been proved to be a most formidable safeguard against hos tile fleets. I earnestly call the attention of the Con gress to the need of amending the exist ing law relating to the award of Congres slonal medals of honor In tho Navy so a to provide tjlat they Medals of Honor In the Navy. may be awarded to commissioned officers and warrant officers as well as to enlisted men. These justly prized medals are given in the Army alike to tho officers and the cn listed men. and it Is most unjust that the commissioned officers and warrant officers of the Navy should not In this respect have the same rights as their brethren In tho Army and as the enlisted men of tho Navy. In the Philippine Islands there has been during the past year a continuation of tho steady progress which has obtained ever since our troops definitely got the upper hand of the Insurgents. The Philippine peo ple, or, to speak more The Philippines, accurately, the many tribes, and even races, sundered from one another more or less sharply, who go to make up the people of the Philippine Islands, contain many ele ments of good, and some elements which we have a right to hope stand for progress. At present they are utterly Incapable of exist Ing In independence at all or or buiuung up a civilization of their own. I firmly he lleve that we can help them to rise higher and higher in the scale of civilization and of capacty for self-government, and I most earnestly hope that In the end thoy will be able to stand. If not entirely alone, yet In some such relation to the United states aa Cuba now stands. This end Is nit yet In sight, and It may be Indefinitely postponed If our people are foolish enougn to turn mo attention of the Fillnlnos away from tn problems of achieving moral and material Tiroanerltv. or wonting tor a siRDic. oruerij, and Just government, and toward foolish and dnncerous Intrigues for a complete inae pendence for which they aro as yet totally unfit no tiir other hand, our people must keep steadily before their minds the fact that the Justification for our stay In the Philippines must ultimately rest cnieiiy upon me guou nn able to do In the Islands. I do- not or look the fact that In the development of our Interests in the Pacific Ocean and along its coasts, the Philippines nave piayeu aim play an Important part, and that our interests have been served In more than one way by the iwvuie-wlon of the Islands. But our cnic reason for continuing to hold them must be that we ought. In good faith, to try to do our Kftrn of tha world s work, and tnia pnnicuja piece of work has been imposed upon us oy the. results of the War Wlin opain. xac yruo lem nrecented to us In the Philippine Islands Is akin to, but not exactly like, the problems nrexented to the other great civilized power: which have possessions In the Orient. There aro points of resemblance In our work fo the work which is being done by the British tn India and Esrrot. by the French in Algiers hut the Dutch In Java.' by the Russians In Turkestan, by the Japanese in Formosa; but mor distinctly than any of these powers w aro endeavoring to develop tho natives them selves so that they shall take nn cver-Increas Ing ehare In their own government, and. as far ns Is nrudent. we are already aumuung mei representatives to a governmental equality with our own. There are Commissioners. Judges and Gov ernors m the islands who are Filipinos and who havo exactly the same ehnrc In the gov ernment of the Islands as have their colleagues who are Americans, while In the lower ranKs. of course, the great majority of the public servants are Filipinos. Within two years we Ah all be trvlne the experiment of an electlv lower houre In the Philippine Legislature. It mar be that the Filipinos will misuse this Legislature, and they certainly will misuse It If they arc misled by foolish persoss here at home Into starting an agitation for their own Independence or Into any factious or Im proper action. In such case they will do them selves no good and will stop, for the time being, all further effort to advance them and give them a greater share In their own gov ernment. But if they act with wisdom and self-restraint. If they show that they are capa ble of electing a Legislature which. In Its turn. Is capable of taking a wne and efficient part In the actual work of government, they can rest assured that a full and increasing meas ure of recognition will be given them. Above all. they should remember that their prime needs are moral nnd Industrial, .not political. It Is a good thing to try the experiment of giving them a Legislature; but It Is a far bet ter thing to give them school?, good roads, railroads which will enable them to get their products to market, honest courts, an honest and efficient constabulary, and all that tends to produce order, peece, fair dealing as be tween man and man. and habits of Intelligent Industry and thrift. If thoy are safe-guarded against oppression, and If their real wants, material and spiritual, are studied Intelligently and In a spirit of friendly sympathy, much more good will be dono them than by an effort to give them political power, though this ef fort may In Its own proper time and place be proper enough. Meanwhile, our own people should remember that there Is need for the highest standard of conduct among the Americans sent to the Philippine Island?, not only among the pubiio. servants but among the private Individuals who co to them. It Is because I feel this 'so deeply that In the administration of these Isl ands I have positively refused to permit any discrimination whatsoever for political rea sons, and have Insisted that in choosing the public servants consideration should be paid solely to the worth of the men chosen and to the needs of the islands. There la no higher bodr of men In our public eervtce than we have in the Philippine Islands under Governor Wright and his associates. So far as possible hese men should be given a free hand, ana their suggestions should receive the hearty backing both of the Executive and of tha Congress. There is need, of a-vigilant and dis interested support of our public servants In tho Philippines by good citizens here In the United States. Unfortunately, hitherto those of our peopla here at home who have specially -claimed to be the champions of- the Filipinos have. In reality, been their worst enemies. This will continue to be the case aa long aa they strive to make the Filipinos Independent, and stop all Industrial development of the Islands by crying out airalnst the laws which would bring it on the ground that capitalists" must not "exploit" tho Islands. Such proceedings are not only unwise, but are most harmful to the Filipinos, who do not need independence at all, but who do need good laws, good public servants, and the Industrial development that can only corns If the Investment of American and foreign cap ital In the islands is favored in all legitimate waj-3. Every measure taken concerning the Islands hould be taken primarily with a view to their advantage. We should certainly give them lower tariff, rates on their exports to tha United States; If this Is not done 'It will be a wrong to extend our shipping laws to them. earnestly hope for the Immediate enactment into law of the legislation now pending tc encourage American capital to seek Investment In the islands in railroads. In factories, in plantations and In lumbering and mining. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. The White House. December 0. 1904. AMERICAN MONEY IN SCOTLAND Factories, Grain Elevators and Yankee Machinery Bring Prosperity. Edinburgh Cable to New York "World. American capital Is flowing freely Into Scotland. Perhaps this Is compensation for the number of Scotchmen who have found a career in the States. The latest Investment Is The purchase by New York firm of a large new Highland distillery. The finest Scotch whisky la at Dalwhlnnle. on the borders of the two big counties of Perth and Invernesshire. A start was made last week with the working of the new grain elevators at Leith, built by the Botsford Jenks Com pany, of Port Huron, Mich. Elevators are new to Scotland, and these are the first erected. The same company is look ing for a site for one in Glasgow. The two elevators, one for large ships and the other for barges, cost $73000. and the warehouse to hold l.COO.000 bushels repre sents an outlay of 5250.000. The Iieith dock commission tried an eje- vator on English design some years ago but It would not work, and was discarded as a failure. It is a novelty to see 350 tons of grain per hour .discharged out of steamer, and Scottish merchants and grain Importers are keenly watching the smoothly working machinery. A severe test was made of the accuracy of the au tomatic weighing, and the elevator's rec ord tied with the figures by hand process. At Kilbowle, near Glasgow, the largest factory in the country has just been com pleted. It is a new cabinet making fac tory in connection with the Singer Sew ing Machine Works. It Is SCO feet long, Sfl feet wide, and tho six floors reach up to a height of 00 feet. In building this mammoth workshop a record was made five months from tha time ground was broken to the starting of the machine tools. In its construction 60.000 tons of material was used, includ ing 14,000 tons of ferrollthlc, 1500 tons of timber and 8,000,000 bricks, also 4000 tons of steel and iron. One of the most noteworthy features of this year's harvesting operations in Scot land Is the manner in which American machinery has been adopted. Reapers and binders, threshera and gloavers bear the letters "U. S. A." Agricultural motors are the latest in vention, and they are being tried tenta tively on Scottish farms, and before a committee of experts, including office bearers in the Highland Agricultural So ciety, a- successful trial has just been made of the newest arrival from across the Atlantic the Kemp manure spreader. Notwithstanding the counter attraction of the St. Louis "World's Fair, a flood of American dollars has poured over Scot land thl3 sporting season. Lairds of shooting, gillies, hotel proprietors and shopkeepers have all benefited. Some of the best deer forests are In the hands of Americans. Mr. "Waterbury may be cited as an instance. He rents a castlo and forest in Caithnesshlre and spends a fortune In a few weeks in rent, traveling expenses, dogs, ponies, gillies, beaters, ammunition, subscriptions to local affairs. besides the large outlay In entertaining his many guests in royal fashion. Baby's Awful Suffering from Eczema. Gould Hot Hold Her. She Tors Her Face and Arms. Outicura Saved Her Life, So Mother Says. " When my little girl was six month old, she bad eczema. We had used cold creams and all kinds of remedies, but nothing did her any good, In fact, she kept getting worse. I nsed to wrap her hands up, and "when I would dress her, I had to pnt her on the tabls fori could not hold her: She would kick and scream, and when she could, she would tear her face and arms almost to pieces. I used fonr boxes of Cdtlcnra Ointment, two cakes of Cuti cura Soap, and gave her the Cnticnrs Resolvent, and she was cured, and I se no traces of the humour left. I can truthfully say that they have saved hei life, and any one suffering as she did, I should advise them to give Cutlcnra s fair trial." MR 3. G. A. CONRAD, Lis bon, N. H., Feb. 7, 1898. Five years later, viz., Feb. 23, 1903, Mrs. Conrad writes : "It is with pleasure that I can inform you that the cure has been per manent as it is now six years since she was cured, and there has been no return of the disease since, and I have advisee" a lot of friends to use the Cuticurs Remedies in all diseases of the Bkin." Instant relief and refreshing sleep f oi skin-tortnred babies, and rest for tired, fretted mothers, In warm baths with Cutlcnra Soap and gentle anointinga with Cuticnra Ointment, the great skin care and purest of emollients, to be followed in severe cases by mild doses of Cuticnra Resolvent. This is- the purest, sweetest, most speedy, per manent an& economical treatment for torturiug, disfiguring, itching, burning, bleeding, scaly, crusted and piimplj skin and scalp bnmonrs, eczemas, rashes and irritations. SflA throazhoat theirorld. Cuticnra Rtiolrsnf. JAs. In form of Chocolite CcatM M1U. JJc pr Till of 60), Olntmant, J0c, Soap 23c Dspotjj 1onaon, JT Chtrter bouu U. : Vrl. 2 Rue de la Palx ; Botton. 137 Colnm Vui Are. r-otttr Dra t Chcm. Corp.. Sole Fiojrieton. S- Send for " Cattcura 3kia Bcos."