THE MORNING OKEQOISIAN, FRIDAY, , DECEMBER 2, 1004.
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PORTLAND, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 194.
IJJTTERS IN JAPAN.
It Is said the Japanese are consider
ing seriously the adoption of the Eng
lish (Roman) form of writing and print-"
lng that is, the letter or type pre
ferred by the Xatm races and by English-speaking
peoples. Unless Japan
ehall te crushed by Russia in the pres
ent war, this change Is sure to come;
for the dealings of Japanese officials
with European governments, the rela
tions of Japanese merchants and trav
elers with those of Europe and of our
own country, the progress Japan is
making in general civilization, and the
need to her people of a readier method
of communication and intercourse with
the world at large, all point her to the
desirability of making the change. If,
however, she should fail in the great
undertaking Upon which her existence
is virtually staked, she may be forced
back upon her own primitive life and
held there.
Her present method of writing and
printing is too cumbrous for a progres
sive nation. It is really one of the curi
osities of letters. The characters look
like Chlnese,-iand in fact are such. The
Japanese have chosen forty-seven
sounds from the many thousands em
ployed by the Chinese, and they use
them phonetically only; that is to say,
as sound-carrying letters. They have
taken Chinese words, represented by
sounds each word In Chinese being a
distinct character; and forty-seven of
these make the Japanese alphabet or
syllabary. That is, the Japanese have
dealt with the Chinese system of writ
ing in a way precisely analogous to
that followed by the Phoenicians in
dealing with Egyptian hieroglyphics
thousands of years earlier. They have
taken ideographs and used -them pho
netically, as an alphabet It is the
greatest of all human inventions. And
the Japanese discovery seems to have
been wholly an Independent one.
The alphabet, as used in Europe from
the earliest times, even before the dawn
of history. Is substantially a develop
ment by the Phoenicians a Semitic
race from Egyptian picture-writing.
The Phoenicians took the form of their
letters from the Egyptian system of
signs and -Ideographs, and adopted the
principle of making each feature of an
object stand for the first sound of Its
name. For example, they took the sign
representing an ox's head and made it
etand for the sound of "a," not because
it was one of the Egyptian signs lor
"a," but because "Aleph" was the name
of an ox, and "a" was its first syllable.
Thus an -alphabet was developed by
representing objects or ideographs by
their leading sounding signs; and then
by combining the sounding signs more
complex ideas were gradually combined
in written forms. No discovery in the
history of the human mind equals this
In importance. The Intellectual prog
ress of the race Is founded on it.
When the Japanese took a number of
Chinese characters that represented
certain sounds, combined them into syl
labaries and employed the results in
writing, they made use, Independently,
of the same system and its methods
that the Phoenicians "had employed long
before. But the ideographs of the Chi
nese are difficult and intractable for the
purposes of writing and of combination.
They are labored and complicate, and
Tequire a multitude Qf determinative
signs. Chinese writing has not yet
passed beyond the Ideographic stage;
yet written expression is modified by a
multitude of .determinative signs char
acters put beside the word to show
vv hat class of objects It belongs to. Chi
nese writing thus is-in a sort of transi
tional stage between purely ideographic
and purely phonetic writing the former
still predominating. Substantially In
such stage of progress in writing the
Phoenicians were thousands of years
ago. But the genius of a Semitic race
cut the knot, and the leading sound of
a word .became the letter of an alpha
bet, used phonetically, in vast combina
tion, for expression of ideas of every
kind.
Substitution of the English (Roman)
alphabet for her present awkward
forms, derived from the Chinese, will
contribute greatly to the convenience
of Japan, and to the convenience of
those who have intercourse with her.
Undoubtedly the Japanese, accustomed
since the third century A. D. to the use
of Chinese verbal phonograms as al
phabetical or rather as syllabic signs.
will find some difficulty in making the
change; and the change can only be
effected in a gradual way. But through
an effective system of public education
it can be made. Japan already has
many newspapers and magazines print
ed in English characters, and her li
braries are full of books so printed. It
may ' be expected that Japan, if she
shall come out of the present war tri
umphantly, will soon begin the change.
WHAT TEE '6$ i'AIR IS TO BE.
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition
has ended. It was an enterprise of
enormous dimensions, .involving a vast
outlay of money, energy, skill, experi
ence and taste; and it paid. The Lewis
and Clark Centennial Exposition hopes
to attract in Its own way the same
favorable attention. If not in volume at
least in degree, that has been given its
mighty predecessor. Its-promoters have
.undertaken a great task in the face'of
difficulties that at the outset seem well
nigh Insuperable. But as the project
nears Its maturity it has become obvi
ous that all the fine promises made
for our local exposition by its most
sanguine advocates are to be most won
derfully fulfilled.
In scope our own Fair will cover the
entire world. In variety it will scarcely
be second to any other; and In beauty It
is entitled to rank with the finest
In history. The degree Of interest
aroused by the Fair in the territory
west of the Rocky Mountains Is little
short of amazing; and it is beginning
to be apparent that In the Eastern
States, and even in Europe, it is not
unknown. The Publicity Bureau Is
now pursuing its work with diligence
and success, and the railroads are do
ing notable work along the same line.
The !LewIs and Clark Fair will begin
June 1, 1905, and will end October 15,
1905, a period of four "and one-half
months, or 137 days. Barring any un
foreseen accident, the gates will be
thrown open with the Exposition In a
condition of preparedness never before
known In a like enterprise. At this
time the Agricultural, Liberal Arts and
Foreign Exhibits buildings are complet
ed, and the Forestry building is prac
tically completed, all being ready for
the Installation or the storing of exhib
its. The Mining building, Transporta,
tlon building and Auditorium will be
ready February 1. The proposed addi
tional Liberal Arts building will be
done in ample time, and the Govern
ment buildings will certainly be fin
ished before the opening day. All the
state buildings, including the Oregon
building, will. It is believed, be done be
fore June L
As a whole, the Lewis and Clark Ex
position will represent an Investment
by the Government, by the participat
ing states, by the City of Portland, by
the exhibitors and concessionaires, of
approximately $3,000,000. There will be
from twenty to twenty-five large struc
tures, not counting the great variety
of minor buildings for private exhibits
and concessions. It will be inferior in
size and pretensions only to two or
three of the National expositions that
have been held in the United States,
and will exceed In the actual outlay of
money and elaborateness the Midwinter
Fair, the Omaha, Nashville, New Or
leans and Charleston Expositions. This
is said with no desire to make invidious
comparisons, but simply to state a fact
It will not be at all a local enterprise,
but it will be participated in by the
States of Oregon, California, Mon
tana, "Washington, Idaho and Utah,
and by many Eastern States, such as
New York and Massachusetts. It has
besides been arranged that the foreign
nations or Japan. China. Turkey, Ger
many, Great Britain, Holland, Italy,
Austria-jtiungary and Russia, and the
Dominion of Canada, shall be renre-
sented. It will be on a smaller scale a
replica of the St. Louis Exposition, with
features of architectural taste and
scenic splendor unequaled elsewhere.
and with, besides, a completeness and
beauty of Its own that make it en
tirely Individual.
It 1b fitting that at the close of th SL
Louis Exposition The Oregonian should
again call general public attention to a
project of the Pacific Northwest that
has behind it the enthusiasm, intelli
gence, resources, Industry and the In
terest of all the people within that ter
ritory. It would now appear certain
that the Lewis and Clark Fair will se
cure all the patronage it deserves, both
at home and abroad, and. if It dops. It
will have accomplished all that the peo-.
pie or Portland have ever dared to
hope.
INDIVIDUALITY IN LABOR AND
' CAPITAL).
Two local news Items in yester
day's Oregonian present a very in
teresting illustration of the difficulties
attendant on too severe an application
of the underlying principle of unionism
to either capital or labor. A dull sea
son In shipping, with a resultant cur
tailment in the demand for labor of the
longshoremen class, has left a surplus
of that labor on the beach. There be
ing en Insufficient amount, of employ
ment for more thanvone-half of the
number of men -who wished to labor,
the longshoremen's union is said to
have appropriated what there was and
awarded It exclusively to the men wear
ing the union label. To' this division of
the spoils of toil, as it were, there
would have been but little objection
had the union not decided that it had
a full membership, with no vacancies in
sight, and the "outs" could not become
the "Ins," no matter how strongly they,
might be Impressed with the advan
tages of unionism. In other words,
they were denied the right to labor be
cause they were not -union men, and
they were denied the right to become
union men because there was already a
sufficient number for the available sup
ply of labor.
There was good, red blood flowing
in the veins of some of these American
citizens who wished to go into the open
market and sell their labor for what It
would bring, and naturally when they
were denied the opportunity a minia
ture riot took place, with others on a
larger scale not Improbable. This was
the result of an application o'f the mo
nopolistic principle to labor. But the
workings of that underlying principle
as applied to capital show results not
.at all dissimilar from those which are
experienced by labor. Following the
item regarding the differences between
the employed and unemployd long
shoremen appeared the announcement
of the withdrawal of a prominent firm
from the combine which was formed
last Spring for the philanthropic pur
pose of lessening the output and In
creasing the price of the product of the
sash and door factories and planing
mills.
Theoretically this combination should
have proved a success, but, according
to the testimony, the supply of sash and
doors exceeds the demand, just as the
supply of longshoremen Is in excess of
the number required. Thus came dis
satisfaction and at least partial dis
ruption. As a member of the with
drawing firm announced, "as far as we
are concerned, we believe that this
business can be carried on better by In
dividuals than by a combination." This
belief is substantiated by a further
statement that since the withdrawal
from the combine business has picked
up and the mills are again running on
full time. The fact that one mill out of
a number can be so managed and oper
ated as to show . a satisfactory profit
while a nuinber of mills combined can
not make a correspondingly good show
ing is pretty conclusive evidence that
Individuality stands for something In
the world of capital as well as In the
world of labor. If a union were to ad
mit to membership a greater number
of men than could find employment at
this time, the employer of, labor might
find among them certain individuals for
whom he would show a preference over
the others. This would soon leave the
poorer class of laborers out of employ
ment or force them into other lines
where they might be better qualified
for service. The aggressive, alert, suc
cessful planlng-mlll owner should not
be obliged to burden himself with an
attempt to carry on a concern so man
aged that proportionately good- .returns
were Impossible, and neither should the
laborer be handicapped by haying to
carry a less energetic member of the
same union. The purchasers of labor
and the purchasers of sashes and doors
are entitled to the best they can get
for their money, and the sellers- of
those commodities should have no re
strictions on their rights, to dispose of
them to the best Individual advantage.
KLAMATH'S BIG WATER PROJECT.
Klamath County offers, one of the
best fields for irrigation that the Re
clamation' "Service has surveyed in Ore
gon. But, like other projects in this
state, that In Klamath Is beset by an
obstacle of Its own a private corpora
tion whose Irrigation plans would be
rendered useless by the Government
system, and whose promoters seem unwilling-to
accept that compensation for
damages which the Reclamation Serv
ice deems reasonable.
To remove this difficulty, F. H. New
ell, chief engineer of the service, and
his aids addressed a large mass meet
ing of citizens last Wednesday at
Klamath Falls. The meeting was full
of spirit and the citizens who attended
called on the Government as in one
voice to go forward with its plans.
All this is very good if it will induce
the Klamath Canal Company, which Is
developing Its own Irrigation system
and which has spent probably $20,000,
to get out of the way! Other compa
nies, such as the Big Klamath Ditch
Company, headed by Henry E. Ankeny,
and the Little Klamath Ditch Company,
headed by J .F. Adams, are willing to
yield, and have presented claims for
damages which are satisfactory to Mr.
Newell.
The Government project would render
useless the enterprises of the three com
panies, by diverting" their "supply of
water. But the Government would re
claim far more land than the compa
nies; hence residents of Klamath
County, foreseeing the vaster benefits
of Mr. Newell's project are eager to
have It carried out In lieu of the other
works which hitherto they encouraged.
Mr. Newell evidently Is very desirous
of creating a big irrigation work in
Oregon. But wherever he has turned
he has been barred by lack of water
supply, or by high cost, or by unwill
ingness of private owners to yield the
ground. The Butter-Creek project, in
Umatilla County, was given up, for the
presentat least, because the benefits
were not proportionate with the ex-'
pense. The project in- Harney County
Mr. Newell disapproved for insufficient
water supply. That in Malheur County
seems tied up by refusal of the Willam
ette Valley & Cascade Mountain Mili
tary Road Company, which owns many
alternate sections of land in the irriga
ble area, to part with its holdings or
to co-operate with the Reclamation
Service. The Deschutes country was
abandoned because private companies
are in possession under the Carey act
And it will be remembered that in the
Palouse Mr. Newell has abandoned a
favorable project because damages
which would accrue to the O. R. & N.
he deems inexpedient for the Govern
ment to defray,.
The fertile basin of Klamath Lakes
Is a grand field for Mr. Newell to work
in. The lakes will supply all the water
that can be used, and far more: The
soli is highly fertile under Irrigation.
The potentialities of the region are be
yond estimate. Perhaps the people of
Klamath can open the way for the Gov
ernment They have shown themselves
resolved to do so If they can.
Commercial Interests of Portland
would be benefited far more by the
Irrigation project in Harney County or
Malheur or Umatilla, since It s'eems in
evitable that Klamath will get Its rail
road from California instead of from
Oregon. However, Portland wishes
Klamath good luck in the present irri
gation quest
SMOKING OUT THE BEAR,
Now that the ships "of Russia's Sec
ond Pacific Squadron are actually on
their way to the scene of conflict. It is
evident that Japan is paying more at
tention to the situation likely to be cre
ated by their arrival In the China seas.
It is this attention that is resulting in
the increased fury of the assaults upon
Port Arthur, and It Is the sailing of
Rojestvensky that diverted the main
attack from the natural points of as
sault on the Keekwan Hills to the
heights that overlook the harbor from
the westward. The hill known as 203
Meter is reported by the imperial head
quarters at Toklo to be In the hands of
the Japanese, and the official reports
from Toklo have hitherto been accu
rate, although the silence of the same
authority has at times been highly de
ceptive. Nogl has transferred his principal at
tack to the west for the obvious reason
of rendering the harbor untenable to
the Russian ships. He has evidently
been told by Tokio that Rojestvensky
approaches, and that the final capture
of the fortress may be so far distant
that the ships must be driven out be
forehand. Hence the taking of the
lofty commanding position on 203-Meter
Hill, and It is fair to assume from the
progress already made that Rojestven
sky will find no Russian pennants ready
to join the flag and that he will be un
able to enter Port Arthur. Vladivostok
usually becomes frost-bound, in Decem
ber, so that port, too, is out of the
question.
When the Japanese succeed in mount
ing siege guns upon 203-Meter Hill, an
opportunity that they had In mind
when selecting this ptfint for attack,
and the Russian fleet is smoked out of
its hiding-place, an interesting1 situa
tion will result Togo, who has. been
so careful of his ships df the line, can
not afford to let the Russians escape,
and will be forced to join battle with
them. It was announced some time ago
that the Port Arthur squadron, if com
pelled to leave the harbor, would con
centrate its attack upon two of Togo's
battleships, with the object of disabling1
them to such an extent that they would
not be available against Rojestvensky.
This would be good strategy, and it re
mains to be seen how Togo will set
about his complicated task.
Much is said for Japanese warlike
skill when Togo is thought capable of
dealing with the situation. On paper
he Is 'already overwhelmed. On Daner
he was slightly overmatched by the
Port Arthur squadron alone. The Jan-
anese navy has torn paper valuations
Into shreds and scattered them over the
Yellow Sea. Brains are above metal.
and brains are not mentioned in
Brassey's Annual.
The vote of Oregon in the Presiden
tial election was small. The vote for
Roosevelt was the normal Reoubllcnn
vote over 60,000. The opposition vote
or ah snades should have been at least
50,000, but It fell more than 20.000 short.
Democrats refused to vote for Parker.
xn .aiuunoman county the vote for
xiooseveit exceeded by over 3000 that
cast for McKInley which was about
the natural or normal gain. And yet
the total vote was below that thrown In
1900, or even In 1S9S. That Is, the Dem
ocrats refused to vote for Parker and
didn't appear at the polls. It Is signifi
cant that though the Republican vote
of Oregon Increased so largely, the total
vote or ism was much below that of
four years, and even of eight years,
earlier. In the late election the Demo
crats of Oregon didn't vote. Maybe
they never will. Yet it will hardly do
to bank on the supposition that they
will not
Alaska business men are circulating
a petition which will be presented to
the Government asking that Dry Strait,
in Wrangel Narrows, be dredged. The
work will cost about $2,000,000, lind the
benefit claimed will be a shortening of
the route between Seattle and Alaska
about fifteen miles. If the. Alaskans
knew what difficulties beset the path of
states and territories that seek appro
priations for river and harbor improve
ments of real merit, they would hardly
waste time with the big project they
have In hand. There is a large and
growing traffic in the Far North, but t
has not yet reached proportions that
will induce the Government to invest
$2,000,000 in taking a slight bend out of
a steamship route several hundred
miles In length.
The few remaining members of the
Nootka Indian tribe on the west coast
of Vancouver Island have trailed the
British flag In the dust by refusing to
submit' to arrest They not only re
fused to be arrested, but they further
outraged British pride and dignity by
taking from the officer sent for them
his weapons and handcuffs and forcing
him to return to Victoria for reinforce
ments. These will be sent forward by
the government lighthouse tender, and
unless the Indians or the British back
down it will soon be In order for some
Vancouver Island historians to write a
tale of "The Last of the Nootkas." In
dian outbreaks are rare occurrences In
these days, but the Nootka affair has
the groundwork for a very thrilling
story.
"If we are not going to spend money
on necessary internal Improvements,
then X am In favor of tariff revision' is
the utterance of Senator Fulton." What
the 'Senator wants', then, Is a tariff
for revenue, and not a tariff for pro
tection. "I don't believe the best In
terests of the country would justify
wholesale revision," he also says.
Doubtless they would not What is pro
posed by the revisionists is a correction
of the Inequalities of the present tariff,
and a readjustment of some of its
schedules. To pretend that the Dingley
act cannot be Improved as a protect
ive measure, or that any act Is perfect
under all conditions. Is to take a most
untenable position; but that is what
the "stand-patters" are now doing.
A Corvallis hopgrower has been test
ing the legality of the contract by
which he agreed to deliver his hop crops
for Ave years at ten cents per pound.
The grower has scored first -blood in
the legal contest resultant on his re
fusal, by gaining the decision in the
local court at Corvallis. As the price
at which, the crop f 1904 was sold was
twenty-one cents In advance of the
contract price, it Is easy to understand
that there is a strong motive for break
ing the contract. Of course, it is hardly
probable that the , grower would have
taken legal steps to break the contract
had the market price this year been
seven or eight cents per pound.'
Old Mexico, the land of the bullfight,
the Spanish fandango and other diver
sions characteristic of a warm-blooded
people, is steadily advancing in civili
zation. She has made all preparations
for adopting the gold standard, and
yesterday President Diaz was inaugu
rated for the seventh time. Seven
terms cover a good many years, and
while there have been a number of
strenuous revolutions since Diaz took
the helm, the fact that he has escaped
assassination and on the whole given
good satisfaction to his emotional con
stituency is evidence of steady Improve
ment in the moral and political atmos
phere in which he dwells.
Edward A. Swartz, a Seattle fisher
man, charged by his 13-year-old daugh
ter with a most abhorrent crime, may
be accredited with one good act He
tucked his head under his bedclothes,
cut his own throat and rid the world of
a monster. If the child's two brothers,
charged with the same crime against
her, would further emulate the example
of their father, King County would be
the gainer financially and the world
the better morally.
Hlllsboro has advanced to that stage
In Its municipal development where it
must decide the cow question. Port
land was there once. There comes a
time in the history of every growing
town when the cow must yield to civic
pride and cease to use the streets for
pasture.
The Post-Intelligencer comes back
with another editorial argument to
prove that the population of Seattle is
larger than Portland's. Well, just to
terminate a tiresome discussion, we'll
admit that the tax levy there Is larger
twice as large.
An Ohio man gave the President a
'coon, and he took It all the way to St
Louis in his private car. Another
Booker Waslhngton Incident The 'coon
dined In the same car with the Presi
dent "The (municipal) tax levy of 14
mills," declares the Seattle Times, "will
not be sufficient to meet the expendi
tures of the city." Gracious I
NOTE AND- COMMENT.
The Missing Golf BaH.
Slitting open his left forearm with a
razor. Holmes was about to inject a
bicycle pumpful of cocaine, ether, Wil
lamette water and. local ..option dope.
when the light of battle gleamed In
his eyes, and caused the cat to think
dawn had come. "Some one Is coming
upstairs, Watson," he said. T heard
footsteps .on. the. sairs, but You -wonder
how I know our visitor i3 coming
up instead of going down,' interrupted
Holmes, reading my thoughts. "It's
childishly simple," he continued. "I
fixed the second step from the top so
that anyone treadlngv on It is shot
down the whole flight The stranger
hasn't fallen yet and must therefore
be coming up."
At that moment there was a. crash.
Holmos opened the door and stepped
out "Try again, my dear sir," he
called out to the man who lay In. a
tumbled heap at the bottom of the
stairs. This time our visitor was more
successful. He entered the room and
took a seat opposite the window.
"Did you have a good game?" asked
Holmes.
"How did you guess "
"Nothing, my dear sir," answered
Holmes. "Your mouth has certain
lines brought on by saying a vigorous
word beginning with 'd,' and the Sell
wood transfer in your pocket tells me
you are a golfer."
Yes, I play golf. My name is Mc
Stingp," said our visitor. "I have come
to ask you to solve the mj-stery of the
lost golf ball."
Holmes brightened up. The old
sleuthhound Instincts awoke. In a few
moments he had the story from Mc
Stingo. Four thousand golf balls had
been lost in two weeks.
"Are you prepared for a long trip,
Watson?" said Holmes, placing a re
volver In his pocket "Better take a
Scotch glossary," he added.
I compromised on a flask of It
Reaching the ground; Holmes drew
out a microscope and examined each
blade of grass. "A cow has been here
lately," he muttered.
"How did you know?"
He showed me a cowslip.
Inquiries in the neighborhood show
ed that there was indeed a cow. She
was the picture of health.
"That cow," said Holmes, "has swal
lowed the golf balls. You sco that big
ad. over there, 'Pills for the Pale.' She
has taken the golf balls for pills, and
the Influence of mind over matter has
caused her to grow well and give lots
of milk."
On our return to the house Holmes
turned the case, over to Detective Night
with the advice to get out -a search
warrant -
e
Magazine Stories a la Mode.
Anita had always lived on the range.
Her father often said she was the
best cowboy he had.
She thought nothing of stooping out
of the saddle and drinking from a
stream as her pony tore wildly along
the banks.
One day she heard news great news.
A Bhccpman had Invaded the country.
He was a young man with an eyeglass
and a flo6k of two small lambs.
The cattlemen said he must die.
Fifty of them surrounded the stranger
and began to flre volleys at him. Anita
rode up to learn the cause of the shoot
ing.
"Shame on you to shoot a tender
foot," she cried, and urged her agile
pony forward, dodging in and out be
tween the hail of bullets. With easy
grace she swung the sheepman from
the ground, throw him across her
shoulder and galloped off.
The VIcomte de Table d'Hote and
his lovely wife entered their" carriage.
"Do you remember that day you saved
me from the cowboys?" he asked.
"Vous bettez," answered Anita, in her
adorable Texas French.
Hints on Christmas Giving.
Gifts for a man are numerous, and by
following these hints women will save
themselves much vexation:
If your friend does not smoke, no
harm can be done by presenting him
with a box- of cigars of your own se
lection.
In selecting a cravat avoid patterns
containing more than six of the pri
mary colors.
The bald man will be flattered by a
gift of hairbrushes.
For an Intimate man friend a box
of candy make a useful gift as you
can easily get it back.
It is not advisable to give a man
kitchen range unless you know that he
has already bought the ring.
' Unlucky.
Thirteen deaths resulted from foot
ball this season. Who'll make it 14?
203-Meter Hill seems to have got it
like David B. v
All the world s a stage and thero
are no recalls. " ,
His meter bill costs the ordinary
man as heavily as 203-Meter Hill the
Japs.
President Diaz has been inaugurated
for his seventh term. See what it Is
to acquire a habit
The Chief of Artillery thinks that
America's coast defenses are insuffi
cient All the chiefs of departments
think their own line Is sadly neglected
by the Nation, but the country manages
to survive.
Russian Marshals of the Nobility
whoever they may be are of the opin
ion that a fund Intended for a naval
training college should be devoted to
educational purposes Instead. Russian
Institutions must be on the verge ot
collapse when any body of men dares
talk of Using money to spread educa
tion instead of destruction.
They' are telling of a Plattsburg
young man who read an advertisement
In a -newspaper In which an Eastern
firm offered 11 cents for 1902 pennies,
says the Kansas City Star. He sent 50
of the pennies to the firm and received
a letter saying that just as soon as ho
forwarded the remaining 1852 pennies
ho would receive the 11 cents.
WEX. J.
if and If and If.
' Harper's Weekly;
President Roosevelt will be only 54 years
old. in 1312. Suppose the Republicans
should be beaten In 1908. and four years
later should Implore him to lead them
once more to victory, would he. not deem
It his duty to obey the summons, as Grant
would have done In 18S0, and as, we can
not but believe, Grover Cleveland would
have done this year?
K
GREAT SOLDIERS OF MODERN TIMES
THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON
(By Arrangement With, the Chicago Tribune.)
X never in mr life gave up anything that 1
once undertook. Duke of Wellington.
For this la England's greatest son.
He that galn'd a hundred fights.
Nor ever lost an English gun.
Tennyson.
TV RTHUR WELLESLEY, Duke of Wel-
Hngton, was born In Ireland of Eng
lish stock in 1769. Like that of his great
rival, Napoleon, who was born the same
year, the date of Wellington's birth Is not
positively known, but probably It was May
Nor, curiously enough. Is the place of
his birth certain. It was either Dublin o.
Dangan Castle, County Meath, the estate
of his father, the Earl of Mornington. In
youth, as in manhood, he was without
flashy qualities, and he was long looked
upon as the dunce of his family. So stu
pid did his mother think him that she
could not endure to have him near her.
At Eton he started on his fighting career
by giving a famous whipping to "Bobus"
Smith, a boy larger than himself. From
Eton he went to a French military school
at Angers.
Wellesley was still regarded as dull and
frivolous, but, aided by money and polit
ical influence, he started as ensign and
rose steadily through the various grades
of the army until, at 24. he secured a Lieutenant-Colonelcy.
In 1796 he and his regi
ment were sent to India. The- next three
years were years of inaction and obscur
ity for the young soldier, but they were
usefully employed. He began, at this
time, a study of the art of war, which, In
thoroughness, has "never been surpassed.
He read all the military text-books. He
familiarized himself with every detail of
the soldier's life, learned the exact amount
of food required for every mouth, the
weight that could be carried, the distance
that could be marched without exhaustion
or injury. He labored with his regiment
until it was the most perfectly drilled and
disciplined in India. He later said that in
these ycar3 he laid the foundations for his
success as a soldier.
In 1798 an expedition was sent against
Tippoo Saib. Sultan of Mysore. Wellesley
commanded a division and served with
distinction at the battle of Mulvalll and at
the successful assault upon Serlngapatam.
In 1799 the Mahratta freebooter Dhoondiah
had collected EG0O men. Wellesley attacked
him at the head of four regiments of cav
alry, killed him and dispersed his follow
ing. Military operations becoming neces
sary against the Mahratta chiefs Slndhla
and Holkar, Wellesley marched 600 miles
in 42 days with 10,000 soldiers, and on April
20, 103, entered Poona, the Mahratta capi
tal. On August 23 he found himself unex
pectedly confronting the combined forces
of Slndhia and the Rajah of Berar at As
saye. The enpray had 45.000 men and 100
guns and occupied a strong position. Wel
lesley had less than 7000" men, only 2000 of
whom were Europeans. Nevertheless, al
most without hesitation Wellesley resolved
to attack. He lost 2500 men, but won the
most brilliant victory ever achieved by a
European force in India.
Now become'Sir Arthur Wellesley, K. C.
B., he returned to England in ISOo. Sir
John Moore's campaign against the French
In Spain and Portugal having failed, Wei
lesley was sent to the Peninsula In 1809 as
chief In command of the English forces.
and began that wonderful dlsnlay of na
tlence, tenacity and generalship which
Anally drove .flc French from Spanish
and Portuguese soil. Wellesley's move
ments .were delayed by the neglect and
treachery of the Spanish government. His
government at home supplied him with In
sufficient resources. Napoleon had In
'Spain 400,000 men, commanded by some of
his ablest Generals, Soult. Victor and Mas
sena being among them. But from the
day the hero of Assaye arrived in Portugal
the French power In the Peninsula stead
ily declined. Soult was speedily driven
from Portugal. Marshll Victor, with S0.000
SPIRIT OF THE NORTHWEST PRESS
Time to Remember the Editor.
Athena Press.
This is the time of year when subscrib
ers should begin to remember the local
newspaper In a substantial manner. Har
vest Is over, the crops have been abundant
and everybody feels good, or fair to mid
dling. Father Schell's Big Job.
Pendleton Tribune.
Father Schell Is doubtless very zealous
In behalf of the Indians, but before he Is
through with It. he will find that he will
hardly be able In a few months to solve a
problem that the whole English people In
the new world have been working on for
three centuries.
Editor Geer Singes Balllet.
Salem Statesman.
Another miscarriage of justice Is noted
In the Instance of Letson Balliefs sen
tence, to 90 day3 In jail as a punishment
for the notorious series of fraudulent min
ing schemes by which he has swindled
hundreds of Innocent people out of thou
sands of dollars. His sentence should
have beep, a prison incarceration for ten
years.
Game Hogs on Rampage.
. Corvallis Gazette.
Sportsmen are taking advantage of the
privilege of ..killing China pheasants for
market during the last 15 da3 of Novem
ber, and these birds are being slaughtered
In large numbers all over the country.
The sound ot shooting Is heard all around
our city and at the present rate of slaugh
ter it seems .that everyone is supplied with
the pheasant. They sell in the market for
from 30 cents to "50 cents each.
Nepotism Far From Home.
Walla Walla Statesman.
Yesterday It was announced that Fred
Allison, a nephew of Senator Allison, of
Iowa, had arrived from Missouri, to ac
cept a position as carrier in the Walla
Walla postofflce. Today It is announced
that a son of Senator Allison has accepted
a position In the local postofflce, and to
morrow we shall probably And out that It
Is the old man himself who Is coming,
having tired of Ids 30 years' routine serv
ice at the National capital.
Stork Brings Two Boy Midgets.
Washtucna Enterprise.
On Monday last Mrs. Samuel Glenn, ot
Rattlesnake Flat, became the mother of a
bouncing baby boy. Mr. Glenn proposes to
patronize none but home Industry In the
near future, and is preparing to conduct
his farm on those lines. On Saturday
morning. November 19, to Mr. and Mrs.
Will Smith, a fine seven-pound son.
Mother and child doing well, and Will
carries around another of those good-crops
smiles.
Fierce Senatorial Fight Ahead.
Aberdeen Bulletin.
The Senatorial situation in this state
may be best expressed by the word
"chaotic." Two years ago the election of
Senator Ankeny was certain a month be
'fore the Legislature convened. At the
present time the only certainty Is the un
certain conditions which prevail. In the
older of probable strength the candidates
are Foster, Wilson, Piles. Sweeney and
Campbell, with none of them having suffi
cient strength to Insure their nomination
at the beginning. It looks as though it
would be a long undrawn-out affair, the re
sult to be determined by possible combina
tions which may be effected, as the candi
dates are one by one eliminated.
"Dastardly Mean Trick."
Alturas Plalndealer.
One of the most dastardly, mean, con
temptible, cowardly and sneaking acts
ever perpetrated In the town of Alturas
was committed last week. Dr. Coppedge
men, attacked Wellesley with 20.000 Eng
lish and 40,000 Spaniards, at Talavera. and
was completely defeated. From lack of
reinforcements Wellesley, now Viscount
Wellington, was compelled to retire to Al
meida. In the Spring of 1810 Massena
moved against him with 70,000 men. but
encountered the Impregnable lines of Tor
res Vedras which Wellington had erected
during the Winter, lost 30,000 men, and
had to retreat to avoid starvation. Wel
lington followed him, whipped him at Sa
bagal and Fuentes de Onoro, and beat
Soult at Albuera. In IS12 Wellington took
Cludad Rodrlgo, stormed Badajoz, defeat
ed Marmot at the battle of Tormes, and
on August 12 entered Madrid. Now com-'
mahder-In-chief of, 200.000 English, Span
ish and Portugues." 70,000 of whom were
well drilled, Wellington gave the French
a crushing defeat at Vlttorja, drove them
through the Pyrenees, whipped Soult at
Orthes and Toulouse, and was moving
forward triumphantly on French soil when
Napoleon abdicated.
As soon as peace was declared Well
ington returned to England, where he
was received with immense enthusi-T
asm. He was raised to a Dukedom -
and voted a grant of 400,000. On the
return of Napoleon from Elba Well
ington took command of the Army of
the Netherlands, a force composed of
about 35,000 Englishmen and 71,000
Hanoverians, Brunswickers, Nassauers,
Germans and Hollanders. Acting in
co-operation with Wellington was
Count Blucher. with 117,000 fine Prus
sian troops. How Napoleon with 125.
000 men fell on Blucher at Llgny and
slew 12r000 of his men; how he then
turned upon Wellington: how Grouchy
became separated from the rest of the
French force; how Wellington hurried
from the Duchess of Richmond's ball
at Brussels, repulsed Ney and with
stood the entire French force until Blu
cher came up. and how then the united
English and Germon forces overthrew
Napoleon with terrible slaughter and sent
him a second time into exile, are facts
regarding the memorable battle ' ot
Waterloo which make a thrice-told
tale.
Wellington rccrossed the field ot
Waterloo In the moonlight to sup at
Brussels. Twenty-one years before he
had crossed this field and noted It as .
the spot where a battle in defense of
Brussels ought to be fought De
pressed by the scene of horror which
now spread around him, the so-called
"Iron Duke" burst into tears and ex
claimed: "I have never fought such -a
battle and I hope never to fight such
another." He never fought another
battle of any kind. On his retfurn to
England he was created Prince of Wa
terloo, the estate of Strathfleldsayo
was bought for him by the nation at
a cost of 263.000, and he was created
Commander-in-Chief. He held various
political offices under the government
and was Prime Minister from 1S27 to
1832. When 60 years old he fought a
comic opera duel with the Earl of Win
chelsea, who had libeled him. He died'
on September 14, 1852, and was buried
under the dome of St. Paul's.
Wellington's principal claims to rank
among the great commanders were hl3
terrible thoroughness, " his unerring
judgment concerning the strength of
his opponents, and his immense capaci
ty for accomplishing great results with
scant and uncertain resources. So un
erring was his judgment that he never
attacked a foe whom he did not whip
With regard to his resources, he never
had as many as 35.000 reliable English
soldiers with which to oppose the 4Q0,
000 French in the Peninsula, and his
heterogeneous command at Waterloo
he pronounced "the worst army ever
brought together." His genius, lunllke
Napoleon's, developed slowly; and. alsp.
unlike Napoleon's It never got hlrft Into
a place which it could not get him out,
ot with credit ' S. O. D,
had Just purchased a new buggy and soma
UUOL1CUUL cxi r uil siA Ul kliu H(Junw
The job was so neatly done that It was
not detected for several days. Evidently
the spokes were pried partly out of the
felloe and then sawed off. so that the act
could not be detected until the wheel went
to pieces. Fortunately no accident re
sulted, though the doctor drove to Jess
Valley with the r!g in this condition. It
is not pleasant to live in a community
knowing that it contains an undetected
scoundrel capable of such an act
Scents Graft in Willamette Locks..
Salem Journal.
There Is probably a great big graft in
the purchase of the Oregon City locks by
the General Government The corpora
tion that s doing business there with the
river belonging to the great estate of
Oregon has something to sell it don't
want, and will part with it to the Govern
ment at a good round figure, and keep all
it has any use for. The syndicate will sell
to the people some of their own water to
float corporation steamboats through the
locks at public expenas. Instead of paying
their tolls. But this is a wonderful age,
and there is very little done without a
graft of some kind except In this town of
Salem. Oregon. The Government probably
better buy the locks before some bigger
corporation, like the Harriman syndicate,
gets hold of them or hold of the Govern
ment and buys the locks of Itself with the
steamboats. The state or the Federal
Government should own the locks along
the rest of the river.
Fighting the San Jose Scale.
Orchardists in Pennsylvania are fight
ing the San Jose scale successfully with
a spray thus compounded by Mr. Jacob
Rife, of Cumberland County, In- that
state:
I uaed 4s pounds of "auatlc eoda, such as
is prepared and cold for making soap; 17
pounds of sulphur and 33 pounds of lime and
50 gallons of water. I put the unslaked, freah
quicklime Into a barrel and mixed the sulphur
In hot water to a paste, and poured It over
the lime, and then put In enough water to
slake the lime well. This made It boll fear
fully, but I kept the barrel covered with heavy
carpet to keep in the heat, and at the same
time making a much more Intense heat than
could have been obtained by ordinary boiling.
As soon as thla boiling from slaking the lime
had ceased. I adde'd the caustic soda, and it
again boiled harder than ever' As soon as
all the boiling had stopped. I added enough
water to make the entire mixture equal to 60
gallons, and then sprayed It on my trees, go
ing over the trees from the aame direction the
second time. Immediately, in order to cover
the spots that were missed the first time; and
then again when the wind changed, I .went
over them and sprayed from the opposite di
rection. In order to be sure that the entire
surface of every part of every tree would be
properly covered. I applied six barrels ot this
mixture to 200 trots in two thorough spray-"
Ings and two hasty resprayings.
A Missouri Iconoclast.
Boonville Advertiser.
Early to bed and early to rise "doe3
very well for sick folks and guys, but
it makes a man miss all the fun till
he dies and joins the stiffs that are
gone to the skies. Go to bed when you
please and He at your ease, you'ir di
just the same of some Latin disease.
Heroes Ail.
Gclett Burgess.
Here's to the Cause, let who wjll get the glory!
Here's to the Cause, and a fig for the storyl
The braggarts may tell It, who serve but for
fame;
There'll be more than enough that will die for
the Name!
And though. In some eddy, our veela, un
steady. Be stranded and wrecked, ere the victory's
won. . '
Let the current sweep by us! O Death! come
and try us!
What If laggards win praise, if the Cause' shall
go on?
1