8
r
Entered at th Potoffle at Portland. Or..
as second-class rnattter.
BBVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
Br mall (nostara sresald In advance) .
5 ally, frith Sunday, per month S0.S5
ally, with Sunday excepted, per year 7.50
Sally, 'With Sunday, per year 0.00
Bun day. per year . 2.00
JThe "Weekly3 months."!"!!!""!!! .DO
iuy, iJcx: woe it, acuvtrea, ounaay ex-
, cepted .......... 15o
Sally, dot "Week, deliverad. fiunflnT In
cluded. 20o
POSTAGE KATES.
till 1 1 -rm. 1 a.
d6 to SO-paga pape .2c
TJ . t
Foreign rates, double.
Tho Oregonian does sot buy poems 01
stories from Individuals, and cannot under
take to return any manuscript sent to It
without solicitation. No stamps should bo
Inclosed tar this purpose.
EASXEBK BUSINESS OFFICES.
(Tho S. 0. Beckvrlth Special Agency)
2?ew Tort; rooms 43-50, Tribune Building.
(Chicago: Booms S10-512 Tribune Building.
KEPT OJf SALE.
Atlantio City, X. 3. Taylor & Bailey
ttcwa dealers. 23 Leeds Place.
Chicago Auditorium annex; Postoffice
Kewa Co.. 178 Dearborn street.
Denver Julius Black, Hamilton & Kend-
jrirk eOS-fl!2 SeTenteenth street.
TTann City, Mo, Ttlcksecker Clear Co.,
Ninth ana Walnut.
Los Angeles B. p. Gardner, 259 South
tBnrimr. and Harry DraDklzr.
Minneapolis M. J. Kavanangfa, 50 South
Third; L. Eegelsburger, 217 First Avenue
Couth.
Kerr Torfc City I. Jones & Co., Astor
House.
Ogden p. R. Godard.
t .Omaha Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam;
McLaughlin Bros., 210 South 11th; ilcgeath
Stationery Co., 1308 Farnam.
Salt Lake Bait Lake News Co., 77 Wert
Second South street.
St. Louis World's Fair News Ox, Joseph
Cod eland. Wilson & Wilson. 217 N. 17 th st.;
Geo. Lv Ackermann, newsboy. Eighth and
Olive Bis
sau Iran clsco J. K. Cooper Co., 740 Mar
ket, near Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear,
Ferry News Stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 230 Sut
ter; L. E. Lee, Palace Hotel News Stand;
F. W. Pitts, 100S Market; Frank Scott. 80
Ellis; N. Whcatley, 83 Stevenson; Hotel
t Francis News Stand.
Washington, D. C. Ebbltt Houso News
Btand.
YESTERDAY S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 82 degrees; minimum temperature, 65
ueBreea. x-recipiuiuon, none.
TODAY'S WEATHER Fair, northwesterly
vinos.
il -
PORTLAND, SATURDAT, SEPTEMBER 8.
THE SOCIALIST PARTY.
The party of socialism nuts ud Its
head. It has a candidate for the Presi
dency "who will receive votes not a
lew. His manifesto comes out with
that or other candidates, after the
usual form. His vote will probably
equal that received by the Prohibition
candidate, and It may be much irreater:
lor the idea is a growing: one, and will
continue doubtless to grow, up to cer
tain umits. It is theoretical, -with
many, who think intensely, yet narrow
ly; ana in the minds of many others it
is associated with sentimental and
centl-rellgious notions. In Christianity
itself there is a strong element of the
doctrines of Socialism, and texts of the
teaching of Jesus are forced constantly
lnto use lor support of Socialistic
claims
It is worth while to inquire what Idea
Jt is that underlies this action. The So
cial Democratic ideal, to which we are
supposed to be tending. Is a condition
of society In which all should possess
everything in common, and no one any
thing lor himself. The state is to be
the social body; the state all in all. So
ciallsm demands a democratic state
production, pure and simple, in the in
terests of universal freedom and eaual
ity of alL As little labor as possible.
with opportunities for study and recre
ation for all; the equal distribution of
all arduous and unavoidable work, and
au to take their turn at gathering the
garbage and cleaning the boots. There
with as much enjoyment as possible,
but equal enjoyment for all; and either
no champagne for anybody, or an equal
share lor everybody. Such is the logic,
euch to be the result The means and
.instruments of production are to be in
the hands of the state; government is
to control and direct industry in all
fields of production; .private capital is
no longer to exist, but capital is to be
nationalized, and "collectivism" is to
take the place of individual initiative
end effort Is all this absurd? To the
Socialist it seems no more absurd than
Prohibition seems to the Prohibitionist
Each has his way with his ideal.
The kernel, the central idea, of the
genuine historical Socialism, the Social
ism which has a growing power in
many countries of the Old "World, and
is putting up its claims in the New, is
the leveling down of the whole face of
society after the pattern of a universal
collectivism established in the name of
Ireedom and equality, especially the
latter. It would be servitude, however,
not Ireedom; lor freedom, with equal
ity of conditions, has never yet been
lound possible in the world. Nor could
it exist in the Socialist state; for what
Is impossible for ali time is an impro
vised democratic and exclusively col
lective production, without firm hands
to govern It, and without Immediate
individual responsibility on the part of
Ihe participators. To enforce all this
there must be authority, and that au
thority must work with rigor and vigor.
Then where is your boasted freedom
and equality? In a Socialist state all
would be slaves. But since this Is not
thinkable, there can be no Socialist
state.
If government is to, take charge of
labor and direct production, It must de
cide lor the worker what he is to do,
end ha would have to take the job as
signed him, whether he liked it or not.
What other despotism could equal this?
Again, if government is to take care of
ell the people and provide for them, it
must, as every thinker from Plato to
John Stuart Mill, and later, has shown,
have superintendence and direction of
bringing into the world those whom it
..must provide for. All family arrange
ments must he under superintendence
of .government Against this necessary
consequence of their own principles the
Socialists themselves would be among
the first to rebel. But no Socialist
thinks it out He is a theorist, hobby
ist or dreamer.
But constituted as human beings
are, there Is a certain proportion
of individuals in a state of so
ciety like that of the modern in
dustrial world, who will give them
selves up to these vagaries. The num
ber, however, is not likely to pass a
certain proportional limit Yet it would
not be surprising to find Jn November
that the Socialist candidate for the
Presidency had received more votes in
the country at farge than had been cast
lor &IB parties in our Pacific States.
The movement is a protest of a class
rwho scarcely know -what thev wnf-
irat their inspiration is an idea, vague
' , . - 1 1 u ."- vu,iuau nU6 IU
Sai J2H J&TlsgJi jEJW.enl J t&emJjthQ saddle how. pennangnf the divorce
that private production is the evil of
Industrial society, and that collective
production, under direction of the state,
is the only substitute or remedv for It
In effect, it is the philosophy of holding
mat xne short and effective way of
abating an evil, actual, possible or im
aginary, is simply to pull down the
fcouse. Socialism would do it
BUSSTA'S rXVIXCIBLE STRATEGY.
The crushing news is received from
Iiiao Tang that the Russians have
again scored a hit over the Japanese
icucouuj uvruss me xtuiz mver in
accordance with a prearranged pro
gramme, and that the professedly im
pregnable fort of Anshanahari has been
aoanaoned in the face of the enemy
without a blow struck In its defense, to
the infinite discomfiture and discredit
of the Japanese, who had been confi
dently counting on a battle.
The advantages which these opera
tions secure to the Russians are appar
ent to the dullest comprehension.' 'In
the case of the Iiiao Yancr retreat the
10,000 or more Russians that have been
put hors du combat by the three davs'
fighting are now removed -where thev
cannot become the prey of hostile bul
lets. $y putting themselves that much
nearer St Peters-burcr. moreover, the
Russians have put the Japanese under
tne serious disadvantage of having to
go that much farther after them. In
case the Russian communications have
actually been cut to the north of Iiiao
xang, the astuteness of the Russians
in suffering this lmnediment to their re
treat can only call for admiration, inas
much as the added labors imposed upon
the Japs by the necessity of surround
ing and annlhllatinfr General KuroDat
kin's command will inflict upon Kuroki
tremeildous hardship.
There is one aspect of this darlncr and
terrifying Russian strategy which has
uceu jgnureu. in current military criti
cism so far as we have observed, and
that is its expression in the naval arm
The Russian Admirals who have saga
ciously permitted their ships to be sunk
or captured have not in reality suffered
defeat out are entitled to the palm of
victory; for only think what pains and
inconvenience the Jatis have been nut
to in the necessity of taking charge of
the captured vessels and caring for the
crews of the lost ones. As long zCs the
Rurlk was afloat It was a source of
danger to the Russian cause: but the
moment it sank beneath the waves the
real sufferer was Japan, inasmuch as
she was by that much reduced in the
possibilities of future triumphs. The
very moment that there is not another
Russian ship of war afloat St Peters
burg can shake its head in proud de-
rision at the Japanese, who haw thus
been put In the dire and humiliating
position of a power without the possi
bility of a naval victory.
This view of war. that the faster vou
retreat and the more you can set the
foe to gnashing his teeth at your unex
pected evacuation of an important
fortress, the better for you and the
worse lor him, is one that has not re
celved the consideration which is Its
due from military science. It will be
necessary, in consistency, for the Rus
slans to revise their view of Napoleon's
retreat irom iloscow, which thus be
comes one of the most brilliant ex
ploits on record. The new theory is not
original with Russia, however, for It
has long been applied by such redoubt
able warriors as the New York Evening
Post to the Philippine Islands, and to
all other naval and coaling stations, on
the ground that the more such bases
we have the more trouble it is to look
after them.
The antis also hold, as we understand
them, that the smaller the Army the
more efficient It is. and the only effect
of increasing the Navy is to cripple our
sea power by requiring more men and
monei" to keep it going. Measured bv
antl-lmperiallst standards, Russia Is
clearly In the ascendant, and it is diffi
cult to see any limit to the heicht of
military prowess she may attain. It" is
almost a pity she did not bethink her
self to give up Manchuria without
strlklntr a. blow, and thucs Viiotr
stunning coup long advocated by the
antis as to our own attitude toward the
Philippines. ,
DEMOCRATIC PABTX AT ITS BEST.
It is the laudable ambition of Mr.
James H. Eckels to attract to the Dem
ocratic party all the conservative and
respectable element that he can Induce
to share his views. To this end he la
bors In the party councils on behalf of
sanity and against wlld-eved populism.
To this end he tries to help along every
decent Democrat and put a tack In the
tire of every unworthy one. He thinks
It Is better to have two parties domi
nated by wise and well-meaning men
than to nave one party all wisdom and
the other all irresponsibility. This is
Mr. Eckels' privilege more. It is his
duty. He is doing the country srood
service as -well as his party.
No man who looks back to 1895 nnd
recalls the dread and shame of those
tryinsr times and the humninHnTi in
which we were subject fn the eyes of
the world, in the desperation of our
struggle to assert common honesty and
the most elementary truths of finance.
can fail to be thankful that tho cam
paign of 1904 Is pitched on higher
ground, or withhold credit for the ds.
termination -with which Gold Democrats
like Mr. Eckels have undertaken the re
organization of their party, so that it is
once more respectable to be known as
a Democrat How infinitely better It is
to be discussing Questions about -which
men may honestly differ than to be en
gaged in a life and death combat with
shameless repudiation and brazen popu
lism! In one way this chance Is better for
the Democratic party, and in another
way it is not For eight years nobody
has had the chance to devote serious
study to the comparative merits of the
two great parties with each at Its best.
We have been obliged for the nonce to
treat Republican as a mere synonym
for safety and Democrat as a euphem
ism for danger. There was no time to
talk about the tariff, let alone the gen
eral tendencies of the two parties.
Many a man, in fact, began to persuade
himself that but for the financial Issue
he would be a Democrat. Now there is
a chance to study the general princi
ples and tendencies of tho Democratic
party. Jt may be doubted whether the
party will fare much better under this
investigation than the other.
Such a searching inaulry as Secretary
Shaw is conducting Into the respective
characters of the two parties, each at
its best is not calculated to inspire any
thinking man with tho Idea that th
Democratic party at its best is much
safer as a guide than the Democratic
party at Its worst How thick is this
veneer of safety and sanity which Mr.
Eckels and men like him have spread
over the party in the last two years?
THE MbRKINg OREGONIAff, SATUBDAY; SEPTEMBER S,190fc V
of the' South from Bryan, how much of
a panic would it take to overpower con.
servatism once more and drag it at the
chariot wheels of flat money andr free
riot? More vital still, is the century-old
policy of protection, after ell its appar
ent results, to be dismissed recklessly
as "robbery of the many for the benefit
or the few"? May there not be some
mistake here, which thinking men will
hesitate to swallow, remembering as
they do the plain facts of 1893-1897?
A CREATURE TO LOATHE.
Sudden death is not the appropriate
lot of a young scoundrel like the one
caught by three nervy Portland men on
"Willamette Heights Thursday night It
is better lor him to meet lor a time
the looks of detestation which every
observer should cast upon him. In this
case the wretch has incurred the deep
enmity of the police officers and the
street-car employes, -who feel outraged
at present and past indignities and vio
lence toward them and their fellows,
It is unfortunate that this bitter feeling
aoes not always prevail against this
type of scamp and that it is not more
generally shared by the public.
Every man who expresses admiration
lor the nerve and daring of the mur
derous highwayman and every woman
who casts admiring glances toward
him or sends flowers or missives
to him in jail are accomplices In his
crime. It is not money alone these
wretches seek, but the sensation they
create ana tne reputation lor nerve and
daring which is too often by popular
account accredited to them. There
would he much less of this sort of thing
11 tne moral sense of the people would
only assert itself so as to make the
criminal classes understand that in the
mind of every manly man and womanly
woman they are only fit to despise and
loathe.
If robbery were the only crime of -the
street-car highwayman, he could be
vleWed with less animosity. But he Is
always a murderer at heart and the
most despicable sort of a murderer at
that; for he neither stands .up in a fair
fight, as does the Southern duelist or
Northern gambler, nor does he have
the excuse of gratifying a bitter feud
as the vendetta has, or the Kentucky
mountaineer or the ordinary enraged
assassin. This man takes un ' arms
agains Innocent persons who have
never wronged him, upon -whom he has
no claim and whom he offers. violence
and wrong without an equal show for
their lives and without any provocation
whatever.
umcer Nelson, Conductor Johnson
ana Aiotorman Bingham deserve the
plaudits of every right-minded person,
Their plucky struggle In the face of
deadly danger was a struggle on behalf
or every unarmed man and timid
woman and Innocent child In the City
or Jfortland; for it is the despicability
or crimes like this that their indirect
effects are of so great possible misery.
We all know what nervous shocks will
sometimes do to sick menf delicate
women and timid children. The blieht
these unfeeling brutes sometimes cast
over innocent lives Is nothing to them:
but they should be made to feel that
from universal humanity they are
looked upon precisely as we look upon a
snane and Infinitely below the wretch
who steals upon his enemy in the dark
and stabs him in the back.
WHEAT CROP OF 3504.
In accordance with its usual custom.
-xne uregonian today submits its an
nual estimate of the wheat crop of the
tnree states Oregon, Washington and
Idaho. As is explained in the detailed
article printed in another column, abEO
lute accuracy Is Impossible in any est!
mate printed before the crop is in the
sack. The figures given, however, have
oeen compiled from data secured from
the best authorities in the trade, and
from the results of personal observation
by experienced correspondents. The
fact that the territory directly tribu
tary to Portland this year has a larger
crop tnan it harvested in 1901 has cre
ated a tendency to overestimate the
entire crop of the Pacific Northwest
The three states in 1901 produced 4S.600,-
uuu Dusneis or wheat, or 1,600,000 bush
els.more than is now Indicated for the
1904 crop, but Puget Sound had the best
crop in her territory In 1S01, while this
year the best yield Is in Portland terri
tory, and there Is directly tributary to
the O. R. & N. Co. fully a million bush
els more than there was in 1901, when
tne entire crop was much larger.
Xn round numbers the crop this year
Is 10,000,000 bushels greater than it was
last year, and, owing to the higher
prices prevailing, it will bring into the
country nearly $10,000,000 more than was
realized for the 1903 crop. In spite of
poor crops In the Big Bend country, the
urana Jttonae and Willamette Valley.
the entire Pacific Northwest has never
before harvested a wheat crop which
will sell for as much money as can be
secured for that now coming on the
market The millions which It will dis
tribute will spread prosperity all over
the Inland Empire, and will not only
Insure an Indefinite period of rood
times, but will be the means of greatly
increasing tne wheat acreage and im
proving the system of farming.
with wheat 75 cents per bushel and
running forty to fifty bushels to the
acre, as it has in a number of localities
in Oregon and Washington, the allure
ments of diversified farming -will be
temporarily forgotten, and next year
we may expect the largest acreage that
has ever been sown to wheat Perhaps
the most striking feature of the crop
now being harvested Is the remarkable
yields which have been reported from
tne ngnt lands which until a few years
ago were regarded as almost worthless.
Best results from these light lands can
not be secured without very favorable
climatic conditions, but there Is a grow
ing belief that good farming will lessen
tne liability of such failures as a num
ber of years ago put these lands In
such bad repute. The area of choice
land that can be depended on to turn
off good crops year after year Is becom
ing restricted, but there are still im
mense tracts of this light land which
is so far superior to tho lands which
are rarmed for wheat in California that
under favorable circumstances It can
increase the output of the three states
to the extent of several million bush
els.
'Favorable climatic conditions were
responsible for an Immense yield of
wheat along the O. R. & N. lines, and"
in addition to the Increased business
thus secured the company this-season
made a raid into Northern Pacific ter
ritory by extending the Washtucna
branch from Kahlotus to Connell
Wash. Conservative estimates nlar
the additional yield thus brought into
Portland territory at 500,000 bushels,
and the new land susceptible to wheat
growing along this extension is suffi
cient in area to more than double this
amount next 3'ear if favorable condi
tions exist This big wheat crop and
the high prices at which It Is selling
will produce such a vast sum of money
that the premier cereal, as a wealth
producer, -easily outclasses in Import
ance every other industry in the three
Btaies. Wheat has always been the
greatest factor in our commercial life.
and its prestige was never greater than
in this- year of wonderful cropsv and
nign prices.
LET US SUPPOSE.
It is beyond doubt that had our Gov.
ernment, under direction of the Reoub
lican party, let the Philippine Islands
gothe Democratic party would be
roaring about it and appealing to the
country to rebuke and reject a, party
that had been so recreant to its trust
and sp regardless of the honor, the dig.
nity and the material interests of the
United States. And on this, haste It
wouia expect to carry the election-
doubtless would carry it
But tho Republican party did not
take this course. Its Administration
at Washington retained the Islands lor
the United States adding to title by
conquest, title by purchase and posses
sion, precisely as in the case of the
territory acquired from Mexico, at the
ciose or the Mexican War. We got
Liouislana wholly by purchase: but Jef
ferson, then President, had no inclina
tion whatever to extend the Constitu
tlon over the territory. He set up there
a government more absolute and oli
garchical than that established later jn
tne .Philippines. For acquisition of
Lousiana Jefferson did not claim ex
press constitutional power, but fell
back upon the implied power necessar
ily incident to the nature of the gov
ernment Itself. The same right existed
as to Oregon, Florida, Texas. Califor
nia, Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico and
the Philippine Islands.
Nor -was Jefferson's Idea limited to
the acquisition of contiguous territory.
When asked by President Monroe his
opinion about the matter out of which
the "Doctrine" thatgoes by Monroe's
name was born, Jefferson wrote: "We
have first to ask ourselves a question,
Do we wish to acquire to our confeder
acy any one or more of the Spanish
provinces? I candidly confess that
have ever looked upon Cuba as the
most Interesting addition to our system
of states."
Many years must yet elapse before
finaj policy as to the Philippines can
foe determined. But the islands will
never be abandoned by the United
States. Had the McKInley-Roosevelt
Administrations granted them the "In
dependence" for which the present plat
form of the Democratic party speaks,
that platform would carry a very dif
ferent tone; and it may well be doubt
ed whether the Republican p'arty could
stand against the storm. A godsend
Indeed to the Democratic party it would
be, had the Republican party let the
Philippines go.
The war between worklngmen and
employers in the building trades in New
York is without the usual basis in
grievances. The men are not demand
ing shorter hours, higher wages or bet
ter conditions, nor are employers seek
ing to lengthen hours, curtail wages or
trying to inaugurate the "open shop."
It seems to be, as far as unprejudiced
observers are able to see, industrial
war for the sake of war a contest
waged for pelf or merely from habit, or
perhaps to keep the great cauldron of
discontent seething and boiling. The
spirit of Sam Parks seems to be redlvi
vus an unquiet, intermeddling ghost
that will not down. Each side has its
hand out for all that may fall in the
way of "graft" Neither deserves nor
receives sympathy
The indications are -that the troubles
of J. E. Courtney, Superintendent of the
Multnomah County Poor Farm, will
soon be over, and that those of D. D,
Jackson will, in that capacity, begin.
bympathy which is centered upon the
Inmates of this Institution Is misplaced.
It should at once be transferred to the
governing powers, who must reckon
periodically with the taxpayers on the
score of economy, with the County
Commissioners on the score of effi
ciency, and with politicians on general
principles as interpreted by the exigen
cles of politics. However, since there
are always men who are anxious to get
into this sweatbox, It Is no use to waste
sympathy upon one when he begins to
perspire freely under pressure.
An American officer who served seven
years in the secret service of the Czar
and has recently returned to his home
in New York contributes to The Sunday
Oregonian tomorrow a striking letter
vividly picturing the ramifications of
nihilism in Russia and the personality
of the most dangerous anarchist1 of Eu
rope, while the writer, .Lieutenant Ar
thur M. Nyles, views the situation from
one standpoint and sees for the near
future an uprising that shall startle the
world, every word he says Is Interest
ing. He has been a close observer.
One would say, offhand, that little if
any human interest attaches to' a
barnyard owl However, it depends not
so much on the bird as upon the man
who has studied and photographed the
farmer's friend. In The Sunday Oreeo-
nian tomorrow 'William L. Flnley and
Herman T. BoWman, who are develop
ing as naturalists, tell of owls In Ore
gon In a style that will Interest every
natural boy who reads their story,
whether he be 14 years old or 50.
In another column on thl3 page ap
pears an interesting letter to the New
York Sun on the subject of dairy cows
at the St. Douis Exposition. The topic
is one that will certainly interest all
our stock and farming readers. Such a
display and such a contest should cer
tainly be provided at the Lewis and
Clark Centennial.
The Postoffice Is most accurate and
unfailing as a business barometer.
When, therefore, it Is stated that the
receipts of, the Portland Postoffice for
the month of August., just ended, were
14 per cent greater than those of Au
gust 1903, an intelligent public knows
just what the statement means.
A woman who is old enough to know
better has brought humiliation upon an
honored name In this community by
making a silly marriage. The story.
except for names and dates, is not new.
So wags the world.
Sheriff Word continues to wield the
new broom." At Its last whisk some
fees that he might have pocketed un
challenged were swept into the county
treasury. Good.
PERFIDY THE BASIS OF CONFIDENCE.
Our opponents, either openly or secretly.
according to their sereral temperaments,
now ask tho people to trust their present
promises lu consideration of tho fact that
Jnuli and rcld. rresldcat Roocveitt
DAIRY COWS AT ST. LOUIS.,
Letter" in tho Now York Sun.
Your St Louis correspondent flnd3 dif
ficulty in discovering educational - mate
rial at tho Louisiana Purchase Exposi
tion. That which amuses seldom edu
cates, yet it is the catchy items of cxhi
bltion that make a fair popular if it
reaches popularity. Ten persons go there
to be amused to one who seeks instruo
tlon in any particular theme. Only when
amusement deepens Into Interests and in
duces a study of practical application does
any educational process occur. The very
abundance of novelty at a World's Fair
defeats everything beyond the first stage
of the educational process by diverting at
tention rapidly from one theme to an
other.
Among the thousands of novelties, all
seeming to be there for the sole purpose
of furnishing amusement, there is one
unique feature that offers next to no
amusement to the visitor; In fact upon
which the visitor Is estopped from vent
ing nis idle curiosity, it would appear
anomalous that such a feature should
find a place upon a World's Fair ground,
where all else seems especially designed
to invite Investigation: yet this particu
lar demonstration involves a rivalry that
is or exceeding interest elsewhere, and its
reported progress is anxiously awaited
by great numbers of persons in almost
every state in the Union. It has direct
participants located in many states ex
tending from New England to Oregon
and JTcxas. This is the great dairy con
test between cows of various thorough
bred breeds to determine which breed, and
which particular cows among the several
creeds can perform certain dairy achieve
ments at the greatest profit. This con
test began June 16, and is to last 120 days,
it is therefore a little more than half ac
complished. Every cow's food is weighed
and charged to her account at uniform
rates that were established in ncHimre.
The" manager may feed each separate cow
as ne sees lit, but whatever she eats
must stand against the cost of her prod
uct Once the food is placed before her
she must pay for It and whatever she re-
jecta she loses. Great skill is exercised in
feeding each cow up to her safe capacity
witnout overdoing It andcloylmr her.
Tho constituent parts of the milk have
each a separate fixed value. Of these the
"butter fat" is the most important and
valuable, and the "solids not fat" come
next A combined mechanical and cheml
cal test quickly determines these from
each milking of each cow. and her day's
yieia is credited to her by the inspector.
wnne these cows are variously owned
au over the country, each breed has sepa
rate quarters and. worlcs as ta& represen
tatlve team of Its respective breed. The
Exposition recognizes various National
breed associations, to which it assisms
privileges. .Each of these associations ap
points its expert manager, feeders and
caretakers, and decides which cows among
moso oaerea snail he selected for the
contest Owners having fine cows are
exceedingly anxious to have their herds
represented in the contest The fame of
some of these contestlnpr cows is already
noised abroad in dairy and breeding cir
cles, and excitement Is rannlnir hich.
xne visitor to the Fair finds little satis
faction in the dairy barns. Ho has heard
of this or that cow from hia state and
wants to see her. He finds himself railed
off at some distance from her, but an at
tendant points her out verv likely lvini?
uown ana cnewmg her cud. while electri-
cal fans are blowing the fles away from
ner ana mitigauncr the effects of the hear.
The visitor is quite crestfallen- when he
finds himself debarred from poking her
with his cane or umbrella to make, her
"git up and stan' 'round." But such treat
ment is found to interfere with her func
tional duties, and the owners and support.
ers of her breed have too much at stake
to permit such familiarities. So the vis
itor has to bo content with inquiring after
tier reiauve position on the scoreeard
the best he can do for his thirst for ex
citement. Later there will be show rim?
classes, where specimens of the different
Dreeds will be judged on points for prizes.
"Of all things, a cow race, and the
cows going to sleep!" was the comment
or one woman who could not understand
it all. But it is a nip and tuck race, just
the same, and bears all the reaulsttes nf
a capital sport, in which even the betting
man and tho bookmaker might find a
worthy field of operations. Many a herd
owner would give $5000 to ,be able to place
u. winning cow oi nis own breeding in the
contest Many another would he willing
10 pay a use sum ror a cow that could
win in his name and go back into his herd
ao a. uiceuintj iacior. xt only needs a
sweepstaKes system on similar lines to de
velop a racing breed of dairy cows of
enormous blood value to the country for
grading up the common stock to a greater
yieia.
The first contest of this kind vn p
tablished at the Columbian Exposition at
mcago in iMi, m which the Jerseys won
me leaaing aairy honors. The next oe-
curred at the Pan-American Exposition at
Buffalo in 1901, In which a Guernsey cow
took the cake, much to the chairrln of tho
Jersey breeders, who were resting on their
tnicago jaureis and were eaueht nanninir
The event gave the Guernseys great pres-
uee, duc aroused the Jersey breeders to
renewed activity In the present Vair
Whether resting on their laurels or fright-
uuea on, or ior Whatever cause, tho
guernseys have failed to compete at fit.
xouis, ana neither the Dovons, Ayrshlres
nor uutcn iseuea seem to have faced the
starter. Tno light Is between four breeds,
viz.: jersey, Jtiolstein-Frlesian, Brown
Swiss and Shorthorn- The competition
emDraces aincrent classified tasks, as the
making of milk, butter, cheese and their
oy-proaucts. Classes A (butter fat) and
B (all solids) aro purely dairy tests, but
class C is a dual purpose class relating
to beef and dairy products combined, and
the competing cowa are credited or debit
ed, as tno case may be. with the
value of their chance In welc-hr. Tho
Shorthorns do not compete in class A, nor
the Jerseys nor Brown Swiss Is class C.
iTom tno present outlook classes a nnd
B are anybody's race, with perhaps tho
greater confidence on the part of the
backers of tho Jersev. TTe?
claim that with her small size and conse
quent less rood cost she is turninc- out ns
much butter fat (tho most vahiable con
tent;, ana so nearly as much milk in
gross as cows twice her welcht that she
cannot fail to show tho best profit when
ner accounts aro balanced. But. as in a
horso race, many things may happen be-
vrreen tne nan-way post and the finish.
uoubtiess the only reason whv Keh a
demonstration ever found life unnn a
World's Fair grounds, and never any
where else, is tho difficulty and expense
of carrying out the competition under
any other auspices, owing to Jealousy be
tween breeds. At a World's Fair a chal
lenge by one upon the others to Mmn nut
and show up is almost compulsory. As an
exnioit tno aemonstratlon has little draw
ing power at the gate, yet it has its dn.
cational features and is mora talked
about in after years than many features
more sensational at the time.
HARK COMSTOCK.
Robust Mosquitoes Down in Texas
Springfield, Mass., Republican.
It begins to look as if Texas were t
take tho mosquito challencro cun awnv
from New Jersey, which has held it
against all comers for years. It has
Just been necessary to shut down th
branch railroad between the two Texas
tuwns oi aaDine ana xieaumont becauso
tho insects mado it impossible for sec
tion hands and brakemen to do
work. The officials of the road dm,,
tho statements of the men. and ho thv
visited the,ecene to make a test for them
selves. The road was closed -within r.
hour of the end of tho Inspection trip.
Modern Gold for Old-Time Iron.
Philadelphia Record.
Some Armada relics, which have been
recovered from tho bottom of the sea
-were sold the other day at a London auc
tion.
A breech-loading cannon, with wad and
ball still in position, brought 55; coins
realized from 2s to 4s a pair; stone can
non balls brought something under 1
apiece, and two iron shot sold for 3,
RULE BRITANNIA! '
PORTLAND, Sept. 2. (To tho Edjjor.)
From tho beginnings of history British di
plomacy has attained its ends. Sometimes
results were hot visible until long afterward
Perhaps many years, but always at tho
d of tho line there it was. There is but
one Mistress of the Seas Britannia, and
when darkness shall end tho day of time
nleht will fold Its sable wings on tho domi
nant dame. So there can be but one island
empire, maugro tho number of seas.
Yet the Little Brown ilan in the Paclflc.
on the opposite- side of the globe, had his
ambitions. BTa was waking from the sleep
of ages and the first to greet his vision was
the to himparallel, what Britain was to
the Atlantic ha would bo in hia ocean. Thus
bo became Diplomacy's Object. And the
training of centuries turned its finesse to
him. He was confined and must expand.
Hlsjsland limits were small. Where would
his young men go and yet be loyal subjects?
There was tho mainland. Ah, yes, but lo.
tho Bear!
The Bear! Never a smile on Diplomacy's
face. Yet the smile was there, for wasn't
tho Bear an old acquaintance and wero not
tho conflicts glistening marks down the dec
ades of th. past? No trap for him. Ho
is foxy, wise. Still there Is a brown bait ho
knows not of. And the Little Brown Man
what of him? Diplomacy has been tersely
called tho Art of Lying. A promise made
is a promise to be broken It need be or kept
If of profit. But the novice in world power
had not yet attained the knowing degree of
discernment. To him 2 plus 2 equaled 4
not S or 5, as his Juggling fair-skinned
friend of the other ocean ' would make It
seem. Bear meat made good bait. He took
time for readying; may be five years, not
more than ten. Always at his elbow.
Diplomacy.
The sting of tho hornet put an end to
hibernation and tho conflict was on.i Tho
Bear held the mainland and for years had
been improving it. He had como across
the Paclflc to our shores for countless loads
of material with which to build his citle3
and towns and railroads. th p-oM vt
our miUs and men at work. Hl3 wa3 the
advance of civilization with tho iron horse
In the lead not Dlniomnv,! nnwrhnnv
and gin bottle. For all that ntninTn
Hornet said "Scat!" and his answer, straight
in the air on his hind legs, was "Woof!"
j-iiu carnage Degan, and is yet.
Thero will be one end. Diplomacy sees
It and now and analn turns to smiin Utr
force of superior weight the Bear must win,
but so exhausted and resourceless as to stay
put for years. The Little Brown Atnn h
who would expand, who Is losing his young
men Dy tno thousand, whose Insane fanat
icism impels them Into tho laws of T)iiith
ho will have nothing to expand for a genera
tion, jtis attest are dead, and but the
lame, the blind and the halt will remain.
Thero can be no assimilation of the bath
lesa yellow cousin with the over-cleanly
brown one of the opposite sex, and the re
habilitation Will be Slow. Not for a third of
a century will tho serenity be ruffled. After
mat, wno Knows?
And tho Mistress of the Seas, whoso hand
maiden Is Diplomacy, will again gather up
the lines and say all Is well. -In passing,
it Is Just to remark that Great (ndnd i
Britain. Rule Britannia! DIPLOMAT,
IS THIS THE GAME OF HILL?
PULLMAN, Wash., Aug. SO. (To the Editor.)
Undoubtedly the St. Louis Convention made
a serious mistake in nominating a man as old
Mr. Davis. Just aa certainly was Mr.
Davis age counted ao one of his chief ad
vantages by the clique that presented hia name
in the closing hours of the convention. To as
sume that he was nominated solely on account
or his great wealth, or because of his past
record, is 10 assume tnat the New xorkers who
worked the gold brick scheme on the conven
tion In the matter of tho platform are men
entirely free from guile. David B. Hill has
aspirations and Mr. Parker Is under many
obligations to him. The papers now announce
that Mr. HIU Is booked for Secretary of State,
should Parker be elected. The Secretary of
fatato la In line for the Presidential succession
after the Vice-President. Is it possible that
thero can be any one so trusting as to believe
that Mr. Hill, when he, as he did. secured Mr.
Davis' nomination, did not take into considera
tion the life insurance tables as to the proba
bility of Mr. Davla surviving until 1009 If
elected. It la unfortunate that one has to
look for unworthy motives and cannot assume
that every act is honest, but in this case there
seems to be room for no other conclusion. It
Is in line with the rest of the work of the Hill
crowd at St. Louis. If Mr. Bryan and his
mends vote for Parker they will at the same
time vote for their friend David B. Hill to
succeed him in caso of his death as President.
That man is blind who cannot properly read
tnis act or Hill. EYE-OPENER.
Wise Action of Intelligent Men.
Cleveland Ieader.
No more intellicent bodv nf
worK wun meir nanus exists than the In
ternatlonal Typographical Union. It is
pieasant, tnererore. to learn that at a re
cent meetlncr this bodv. hv nn ni-o rail A1m-
ing majority, declined resolutely to sub-
scriae 10 tne neresy tnat membership in
a union precludes militarv servfro tn tho
flag of the country that makes the union
ana 11s purposes nossime. whiiA -nr ni
not have exDeeted nnv nthr tinn
the part of these Intelligent men, none
tho less is tho Nation constrained to con
gratulate them upon the force and method
of their declaration in favnr nf th Ar,o.
we an love.
Splitting the Hyphenated Vote.
Providence Journal.
It is well that the Irish-AmertT,
vote should not remain the
any ono political organization. In fact
tnero ought not to be anv Irish-A,nT-i
can voie. xiKc other hvnhenated nr.im
cal entitles, it tends to keep alive race
distinctions which oUirht to ho nhnr.
ated. ThOUChtful Irishmen ho,r
served with deep dissatisfaction a ten
dency which, if it has Tint onnnnri cr-ail
has done nothing to check corruption!
.una is not Decauso one race Is more
corrupt than another, hut honmim nnv
large mass of voters who can be moved
en bloc naturally fall into the hands of
iuk uuase3.
Qas'away, a Fervid Pome.
Crawford T. Ruff in Montgomery Advertiser.
Oh! Gaa'away Uvea near the land of cotton.
His name will never be forgotten.
Gaa'away, Gas'away,
Gas'away In West Vlrcinla.
Then I wish I was Mister Davie,
Gas'awav. Gas'awav.
In tho Davis land I'll take my stand
To live and vote for Davis.
Gas'away. Gas'away,
Gas'away in West Virginia.
h the great convention that Gas'away was
born in.
Early on one Sunday mornln'.
Gas'away, Gas'away,
Gas'away in West Virginia.
Then I wish I was Mister Davis.
Hooray, for Gas'away,
In the Gas'away band I'll take my stand
To work and vote for Davis.
Gas'away, Gas'away,
Gas'away of West Virginia.
ir. uavia is weuuea 10 arue .Democracy,
Together they'll weed out all hypocrisy,
Gas'away. Gas'awav.
Gas'away in West Virginia.
Then I wish I was Mister Davis,
In the Davis band I'll take my stand, -To
work and vote for Davis,
Gas'away, Gas'away,
Gas'away of West Virginia.
Then hoe it down and scratch your gravel.
To Gas'away's band I'm bound to travel,
Hooray, for Gas'away,
Gaa'away of West Virginia.
Oh! I wish I was Mister Gas'away.
Hooray, I say,
In the Davis band I'll take my stand.
To work and vote for Gas'away,
Hooray, for Gas'away,
Gas'away of West Virginia, -
, NOTE ANDC0MMENT. -
A hairbrush' In the hands of a woman
may he as dangerous a weapon as a hat
pin. The outlook for the boy highwayman
industry in Portland is a trifle discour
aging. Parker's visit to St. Louis, Mo., will
give the "Show Me" Club a great chance
to acquire a star recruit.
As a little diversion from Iiiao Yang,
Ruslan ships continue to find Japanese
mines with the usual result.
About one more "clever strategical re
treat" by General Kuropatkln will put
the Russians out of business.
Couldn't Charlie Frohman make a pot
of money out of Princess Louise If he
could get her to star in "East Lynne?"
Tokio thinks Port Arthur will fall
about the last of September and we
guess there's nothing else for 'the Rus
sians to do. '
Incidentally, It may be hoped that the
St. Louis reception committee will show
Candidate Parker the identical snot
where the Democracy discovered the gold
stanaard.
ESOPUS, N. X., Sept. 2. Hon. T. A.
Watson, Atlanta, Ga. Dear Tom: It's a
dern sight more Important to mo to know
whether I am going to get a chance to
dine at the White House myself than to
answer your fool questions about Booker
Washington. Tours, A. B. P.
French translators are to make another
attempt to turn Shakespeare's "King
Lear" into their language. This, the third
attempt, will be undertaken by. Pierre
Loti, a noted author. French translations
of the English poet since the days of
Voltaire have never proved successful,
being either burlesques, rank perversions
or too literal renderings of the original.
Mrs. Tom Thumb, made famous by Bar
num, is still alive, at the age of 65. She
has a regular turn in a midget theater at
Coney Island and is driven home each
evening in the identical coach presented
to Tom Thumb in 1SS4 by King Edward,
then Prince of Wales. She is very reli
gious and a member of the Actors Church
Alliance and of the Woman's Aid Society.
She is also a Daughter of the American
Revolution.
Fife Widener, the 3-year-old daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Widener, of Phil
adelphia, celebrated her third birthday in
Newport by giving a garden party and
luncheon. Her grandfather' P. a B.
Widener, the millionaire traction magnate
of Philadelphia, presented the little child
with a check for ?500.000, but she was more
Interested in a big birthday cake, on
which blazed three tiny candles, and gifts
from Masters Cornelius and Alfred Van
derbilt, George Widener and other infant
swains.
A movement is on foot In Boston for the
erectlon of some kind of memorial to Will
iam Billings, America's first musical com
poser, who was born in that city October
7, 1765. By trade he was a tanner, .an ec
centric and uncouth character, deformed
in person and blind in one eye. His mu
sic always had a spice of patriotism, and
the strains he wrote were Immensely
popular In the early days of the Republic,
for he began composing whllo a mere boy.
He died in Boston, September 26, 1S0O, and
his I3 probably one of the unmarked
graves on Boston Common.
When Elihu Root arrived in New York
recently he was besieged by a mob of re
porters, and one of them asked him if it
wero true that he would accept the nomi
nation for Governor of New York. The
reporter referred to Senator Piatt's speech
of a fortnight before. Mr. Root smiled.
"Now, really, you would not come to me
to prove any statement that Senator Piatt
might make, would you?" "Would you
accept the nomination?" "Did you ever
hear the story of tho reporter that met
Mr. Lamont in an elevator in the State,
War and Navy building at Washington
and said, Mr. Lamont, will you take the
nomination for Governor this year?' 'Have
you the authority to offer it?' returned
the Secretary."
Another test case of woman's rights has
been brought up in Wilkesbarre in the ar
raignment of Miss Maud Kocher, charged
with uttering two swear words, says the
Chicago Post. Miss Kocher claimed that she
had Just as much right to swear as is
given to man, especially as she exercised
this freedom of speech in her own house.
The Judge, however, thought differently,
and fined her 67 cents, from which we may
argue a flat rate of three swears for a
dollar. Miss Kocher has appealed the
case and will light it bitterly. Morally
we must oppose Miss Kocher, but Con
stitutionally we think sho is right. If a
woman is to bo fined 67 cents three for a
dollar every time sho uses two swear
words in her own house, and not very
alarming swear words at that, what ex
cuse shall bo made for a man under simi
lar conditions, and how can he ever hope
to preserve his dignity and run his house
hold successfully if the measure he metes
is meted out to him again? A wife once
cured her husband of swearing at home by
repeating his oaths a3 fast as ho delivered
them, and they lived happily ever after.
Shall woman, then, be deprived of one of
her greatest reformatory Influences?
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
Citizen Show me eome tan shoes, please.
Facetious Clerk Omolet, mustard or sunburst?
Cincinnati Commercial-Tribune.
"Made any proposals yet, Mamio?" "No, I
haven't had any chance. All the boys seem to
travel in gangs Juat now." Philadelphia In
quirer. Knlckcr I remember that night. The wind
was biting Bocker I never knew that the
wind could bite. Knlcker Sure. I reckon you
never heard of the teeth of a gale. Chicago
Journal.
She is the most inconsistent woman I ever
saw." "But, you know, it is a woman's
privilege to change hor mind." "Of course It
Is. That is what Is expected. But this girl
never does." New York Press.
His Usefulness Discovered at Last. Friend-
Say, Brief, how did you acquire that proud,
haughty air that you always Spring on the
Jury? Lawyer Oh, I got all the fine points
from the office boy. Chicago News.
Sharpo The Egyptian cigarette is a late crea
tion. The ancient Egyptians didn't smoke
cigarettes. Whealton Of courso not. If they
had they wouldn't have boasted enough sense
to build the pyramids. Chicago News.
"I suppose, Miss 'Auburn," said Mr. Kidder.
"you are what might be termed a 'strawberry
blonde.' " "Not necessarily. Mr. Kdder.'r re
plied the Tltlanesque beauty. "I'll even take
vanilla, or water Ico If there's nothing else.'"
Exchange.
Frugal Youth Shall we order a clam chow
der. Miss Pimmle? They make them so good
here that you can't tell them from diamond
backed terrapin. Artless Maiden I think I
could, Mr. Clusman. Let's order both of them,
and see.-Chlcago Record-Herald.
"Yes," said the stranger, "I used to edit a
paper in the West, but I got my right hand
caught In the press one day and it crippled my
fingers so I had to give up." "Couldn't write
any more, eh?" "Oh! that wasn't it, but one
of them w ror trigger Anger.' Philadelphia