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PORTLAND, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1004.
A SHORT HISTORICAL VIEW.
In the Hebrew Scriptures there are
two accounts of the institution of the
Sabbath as a holy day one In Genesis
and Exodus, the other in Deuteronomy.
That in Genesis and Exodus gives as a
reason for the injunction, "Remember
the Sabbath day to keep it holy," that
God made the heavens and the earth In
six days, rested on the seventh day
from all the work which he had made,
and therefore blessed the seventh day
and sanctified it. Then God, speak
ing to Israel, through Moses, gave the
command that the seventh day should
be kept by man as a holy Sabbath; and
the reason was given in these words:
"For in six days the Lord made heaven
and earth, the sea and all that in them
Is, and rested on the seventh day;
wherefore the Lord blessed the seventh
day and hallowed it" In these texts
it Is distinctly stated that the day was
made a holy one, because it was the
day of rest after the oreation. Man
was to keep it because God had rested
from his work on that day and had hal
lowed it
But In Deuteronomy a very different
rtawm Is glvon. It is related there that
Moses, speaking the command of God,
said: "Remember that thou wast a
servant in the land of Egypt, and that
the Lord thy God brought thee thence
through a mighty hand and by a
stretched-out arm; therefore the Lord
thy God commanded thee to keep the
Sabbath day."
These passages. It will be seen, differ
radically in their statement of the, rea
sons why the command was given, "Re
member the Sabbath day to keep it
holy" They are not reconcilable. But It
Is not really important Progress of
scientific knowledge has completely set
aside the account of the creation of all
things in six days, by divine fiat This
statement was a peculiar effort of the
human mind, under a peculiar religious
belief, to account for the origin and
genesis of things; and It was wrought
into redactions of the books by writers
who already knew the seventh day as a
holy day, and were endeavoring to flndJ
for it additional sanctions. But the
real reason for the institution of the
holy day for Israel is that stated in
Deuteronomy. "Thou wast a servant
in the land of Egypt, and the Lofd thy
God brought thee thence through a
mighty hand and by a stretched-out
arm; therefore the Lord thy God com
manded thee to keep the Sabbath day."
"We see, then, how the seventh das
came to be established In the religious
polity of Israel as a holy day. How
came the change from the seventh day
to the first day, in the Christian world?
In no Scripture does It appear as a
divine command. It has come; down
through a usage of the church, in com
bination with government
During the life of Jesus the Jewish
Sabbath was observed by him and his
disciples. The custom was followed
also by the apostles. The book of Acts
gives a connected history of the recog
nition and observance of the Jewish
Sabbath by the apostles, while they
were organizing many of the churches
spoken of In the New Testament
These references extend over a period
of eight or nine years the last of them,
being at least twenty years after the
death of the founder of Christianity.
The earliest reference to Sunday ob
servance is found In Justin's Apology,
about 160 A. D. This author explains
how the custom had grown up in the
early church. The resurrection had
become an accepted belief, and Sunday
was observed chiefly in commemora
tion of it. But It nowhere appears from
Justin that there was any Sabbatic
regard for the day. The writings of
that time describe the mode in which
Christians observed the Sunday and
their reasons, but do not pretend there
was divine command for It after the
manner of the ordinance of Israel.
During the first centuries of Chris
tianity the new religion was subjected
to terrible persecution by the state.
Under -the Roman Empire ajl recog
nized religions were controlled by the
civil law. The persecution of Chris
tians was based "upon" the idea that
their worship was illegal; or rather
that their refusal to worship the na
tional gods, according to the legal
cultus, was an offense against the com
monwealth. The head of the state was.
cx-ofllclo, the head of the department
of religion. There was no place In
these theories for the gospel Idea of
the church.
But Christianity, as It grew stronger,
bRgan to get recognition and after a
time Itself became the religion of the
state. That it would be diverted from
ts primitive conceptions br such evolu
tion was certain; rather, to the mtnd of
the modern time. It Is seen to have been
Inevitable. Sun-worship, in Its higher
and lower forms, had long been the pre
vailing and popular cult at Rome. The
Emperors were devotees of this cult
The ceremonies, often splendid and im
pressive, were had chiefly on Sunday
the day of the sun. It was therefore a
foregone necessity that when Christian
ity grew strong enough to be entitled
to recognition rather than persecution.
It should be adopted by the state and
commingled to a degree with the pre
vailing sun-worship. Corresponding ex
amples of religious syncretism have
been presented through the whole
course of human history-
The beginning of Sunday legislation
is the celebrated Sunday edict of the
Emperor Constantlne, 321 A. D. The
sun-cult had long been popular. Any
favor shown to It would strengthen the
Influence of the Emperor with devotees
of the old regime; and recognition of
their day by the Emperor would please
the Christians, too. There is, however,
no evidence that any such , ordinance
was either sought or desired "by Chris
tians. But to exalt the day of the Sun
at such a time was a stroke of policy
wholly In keeping with the universal
practice of Constantlne. "Pagans" In
vast numbers passed Into the"Christian
fold. Impressing their character, to
gether with the doctrines, rites and
forms of pagan religion upon the Chris
tian church. These things, all, are fa
miliar parts of ecclesiastical history.
Union-of church and state made Sun
day observance general, after a time.
Constantlne's rescript for observance of
the Sunday enjoined the suspension of
all public business and private labor,
with a curious exception in the case
o.T agriculture. But neither In those
times nor till long after was the idea
adopted of making the day depend on
divine command, like the Sabbath of
Israel. It is only through Puritan
Christianity that this Idea has been de
veloped. Such idea as to Sunday never
has been held by-the mass of the Chris
tian world, nor Is today. But we see
from this review what is meant by the
objection often raised among us to
what Is termed "a Continental Sunday."
NOT A MARITIME PEOPLE.
Careful selection of grandparents Is
the prime requisite for attaining fame
as a centenarian, and Is Just as neces
sary for attaining fame as avgeaman.
Nations of land-loving farmers, men
who have no longing for wide horizons,
cannot suddenly become powers upon
the sea. It requires a long apprentice
ship to curb the "wild white horses"
of the deep.
Russia is learning the lesson In a
hard school, as others have before her.
Nations may buy ships, and man them
with carefully trained officers and
crews, but unless the spirit of seaman
ship animates their forces their vessels
are but spoils for the enemy. From the
defeat of the Persians at Salamls to
the superiority shown by the Japanese
at Port Arthur the story has been the
same. The power of Spain at one time
extended over the sea, but the power
was not founded upon the true seafar
ing spirit, and the Spanish fleets were
but the result of military ardor. Con
sequently the great ships were merely
hostages to the true maritime power of
England.
Seamanship is a term that embraces
much. The seaman may be called the
pioneer of the nations, Ir. the sense that
he Is constantly hattllng with the ele
ments, and learns self-reliance, as the
pioneer does in comparison with the
city-dweller. While the British soldier
Is popularly known as Tommy Atkins,
the sailor Is known as the "handy
man," a title earned in many places
since the Crimean War, when the blue
jackets would have a tent pitched and
a meal cooking while the helpless red
Coats were shivering and hungering.
The same thing happened In South Af
rica. This shows that the sea gives
even such city-bred men as those of
Great Britain something of the all
round adaptability which the American
possesses as the result of struggles with
a new land. The seaman is a "handy
man"; he is alert; he prepares for emer
gencies. Contrast the Russian and Japanese
preparations. Japan provided fortified
bases, docks, and coal for her ships.
She built up a homogeneous fleet and
kept it ready to strike. Russia has a
great part of her fleet In European
waters, where It Is useless. In the .East
she selected as her chief base Port Ar
thur, which has been shown utterly unfit
for the accommodation of battleships,
which are consequently exposed to tor
pedo attacks In the roads. Not only
this, but she divided her fleet already
none too strong and when war broke
out the great cruisers Rossia, Rurik
and Gromovoi, all over 10,000 tons, and
heavily armed, with the Bogatyr of
6750 tons, were isolated In Vladi
vostok. This separation Is in opposition
to the cardinal rule of naval warfare,
namely, to bring a greater force to bear
upon the enemy. In the days of the
sailing sKlp. when the tactics of cutting
the line .were Introduced, the Idea was
to concentrate one's entire fleet upon
the enemy's windward division, which
might thus be disabled before his other
ships could beat up from leeward. And
Russia's individual ships apparently
were unprepared. Lying In Port Arthur,
where conditions were favorable for
torpedo attack, they do not appear to
have had out torpedo nets, which are
used by ships at anchor. A steel net is
hung from booms, and stops the tor
pedo, which, If it explodes, does so too
far from the ship's side to cause harm.
The seaman neglects no precautions,
while he is ready, when occasion de
mands, to risk all upon one throw. The
Russians, it is evident, display neither
of these characteristics in sea warfare.
GROUND FOR HOPE AT LAST.
Encouraging in no small degree Is the
report of Chief Hydrographer F. H.
Newell, of the reclamation service, re
garding Federal Irrigation projects In
Oregon Mr. Newell finds four districts
in Oregon where irrigation enterprises
on a large scale may be undertaken,
and two of these meet strong approval.
The projects favorably mentioned are
In the Malheur, Silvies, Deschutes and
Umatilla districts. The latter two are
particularly praised, but as the Des
chutes region is covered by a state en
terprise under the Carey act, the Uma
tilla project Is the one that appeals to
Mr. Newell as furnishing the most
promising opportunity for Government
operations. He finds that by taking
water from the Umatilla River and
storing it In basins along Powder Creek
some 50,000 to 60,000 acres of arid land
can be watered and reclaimed. The
soil is found to be good, and It is esti
mated that water can be put upon the
land at an expense of -from $10 to 515
per acre, a comparatively low cost.
While the report of the hydrographer
docs not make It certain that the Gov
ernment will in the near future com
mence the construction of an irrigation
system in the Umatilla district It nev
ertheless furnishes good ground for be
lief that the work will eventually be
undertaken. Oregon has a claim to a
large portion of the fund which is to be
used for Government Irrigation work,
and sooner or later one of the projects
mentioned will be taken up. In addi
tion to a good supply of water and a
good location for reservoirs, Mr. Newell
mentions among the advantages of the
Umatilla district a low altitude, mild
climate, nearness to a navigable river
and proximity to a railroad. These are
all important features, and strengthen
the belief that the Government will find
it advisable to conduct experimental
work in this state, for the purpose of
demonstrating by actual operations
what can be accomplished In the way
of providing prosperous homes for set
tlers by putting water upon arid land.
SOUND ADVICE.
Mr. Herman Wittenberg has demon
strated again his ability, as member
of the Public School Board of this city,
In an advisory capacity. His position
upon material questions has not always
been sustained by hs colleagues of the
board, nor yet by the taxpayers of the
district, since lt has seemed, at times,
that his enthusiasm in educational mat
ters has caused him to overlook, or go
in advance of, the economy in resources
that Is necessary, In justice to all con
cerned, in providing for and maintain
ing the schools. But as adviser of the
young girls of the February High
School class Mr. Wittenberg's opinions
are sound though, It must be admit
ted, glaringly old-fashioned. "Go home,
young ladles," said he, "and help your
mothers. They need you; and if it Is
not necessary for you to become bread
winners, your place is with them. Many
of your parents have made sacrifices
to keep you in school, and now is a
good time to repay them."
More practical, sensible and consider
ate advice than this has never been
given to public school graduates in this
city. The very fact that they are grad
uates of the public schools, willing
beneficiaries of the public school sys
tem, sustains the estimate that their
parents need their assistance, or, more
specifically, that the mothers need the
help of the daughters, of which they
have so long been deprived in the home.
The glitter and display In class pins,
dresses, laces and flowers upon the oc
casion of graduation, indicate- plainly
the sacrifices that many parents have
made In order that the public school
course for their children may be wound
up with what has, unfortunately, come
to be considered proper costuming and
display. The graduating occasion has
come to mean an expense to parents
that many of them can only meet by
sacrificing and saving upon the house
bills and clothing of the rest of the
family for weeks and even months.
The folly and injustice of this pass
under the very common and prosaic
name of "sacrifices." There Is reason
to believe that very few young women
whose selfishness has been pampered
In this way understand or appreciate
the effort that has been made at home
to give them the "good time" to which
everything else at school and at home
has been subservient for weeks.
"Now," says Mr. Wittenberg, "is a
good time to repay these sacrifices." It
may be hoped tlrat the suggestion will
be taken kindly and that the young
women to whom It was made will dis
card all dreams of employment in de
partment stores or elsewhere for the
sake of getting rid of helping mother
about the house and securing the "pin
money" necessary further to pamper
their selfishness and love of display.
This, of course, refers to the girl
graduates who do not have to earn their
bread; who have modest homes the
burdens of which it is their duty to
share with their mothers; whose fath
ers, having a true conception of their
duty, are willing and glad to maintain
their daughters according to their
means, until such time as they go,
modest, unspoiled, capable, helpful
wives, to homes of their own.
In this as In other things, circum
stances alter cases. The girl who, on
leaving school, goes out as a wage
earner for no better reason than that
she "hates housework" or wants her
own money to spend on the superflui
ties of dress, discloses a selfishness that
has been fostered by family sacrifices
In behalf of her "education," and which,
if it Is not checked upon the threshold
of her young womanhood, is very likely
to lead her into dangers and associa
tions that will wreck her own happiness
In life, as well as that of those who
love her best and who are most deeply
concerned In her welfare. "Go home,
girls, and help your mothers." It will
do you good all the days of your life.
HOW LINCOLN GREW.
The birthday of Lincoln will be cele
brated by the leading Republicans of
Portland ths evening. It is not easy to
say anything new about Lincoln, and
yet the recently published "Letters and
Addresses of Abraham Lincoln" care
fully studied reveal more of his real na
ture than the formal biographies of this
extraordinary man. These letters and
speeches begin with his first public
speech, delivered at New Salem, HI.,
March 9, 1S32, when Lincoln was but 23
years of age. In this address to the
people of Sangamon County he asks for
the support of the Independent voters of
the county; he says: T am young and
unknown to many of you I was born
and have ever remained hn the most
humble walks of life; I have no wealthy
or popular relations or friends to rec
ommend me; I have no ambition so
great as that of being truly esteemed
by my fellow men by rendering myself
worthy of their esteem. But If the
good people In their wisdom shall see fit
to keep me In the background, I have
been too familiar with disappointments
to be very .much chagrined." This Is a
remarkable address forjS. young man In
Its modesty, its absolute frankness and
transparent honesty, and In its philo
sophical confession that he had already
In his upward struggle become familiar
with resistance and rebuX
To Miss Mary Owens in August, 1S27,
Lincoln writes that he "wants In all
cases to do right and most particularly
so in all cases with women. Nothing
would make me more miserable than to
believe you miserable nothing more
happy than to know you were so." In
183S Lincoln writes a long letter to Mrs.
O. H. Browning explaining that after
telling a married lady that he would
be glad to marry her sister he had re
pented of his promise because the sister
In the three years which had elapsed
since Lincoln first met her had become
repulsively fat, "a fair match for Fal
staff." Lincoln writes that her teeth
wore gone; that she was a "weather
beaten old maid." Nevertheless he was
determined to keep his pledge, but was
greatly surprised when he proposed to
her that she rejected him, not only
once, but again and again. He con
fessed that he was greatly mortified,"
and for the first time began to suspect
that he was really a little in love with
her. This letter was -written, to the
wife of . a man who became United
States Senator and Secretary of the In
terior, and It Is a curious illustration
of a certain superficial coarseness of
fiber In Lincoln, who at that time
lacked the refinement to understand
that no gentleman who thinks enough
of a woman to ask her to be his wife
should, when he has been rejected, ridi
cule her physical infirmity. And yet
this Is the same man that was so ten
der hearted and full of sensibility that
the death of a woman he loved came
near upsetting his reason and driving
him to suicide.
In a political speech delivered at
Springfield, 111., when he was nearly 31,
Lincoln ip so Impassioned in his lan
guage that it falls little short of pure
bombast and his attempts at humor are
melancholic He shows no sign of the
conciseness, the concentration, the pur
ity of English, the poetic touch, the
genuine pathos and fine humor that he
displayed twenty years later. In Janu
ary, 1841, he writes a friend that he Vis
the most miserable man living; if what
I feel were distributed to the whole hu
man family, there would not be one
cheerful face on the earth." In another
place he says: "God renders the worst
of human conditions tolerable, while he
permits the best to be nothing better
than tolerable." In a temperance ad
dress delivered In February, 1842, Lin
coln says: "If we take habitual drunk
ards as a class, their heads and their
hearts will bear an advantageous com
parison with those of any other class.
The demon of Intemperance ever seems
to have delighted In sucking the blood
of genius and generosity." His letters
to.hls'frlend Speed of this date Indi
cate that Lincoln Wa3 a man of morbid
sensibility when his affections had" gone
out to anybody, man or woman. He
writes Speed: "I believe God made me
one of the instruments of bringing your
Fanny and you together, which union
I have no doubt he foreordained."
In Congress in 1848 Lincoln made two
speeches of good ability but giving
small promise of the great power exhib
ited by him ten years later in his fa
mous debate with Douglas. The truth
Is that not until October 16, 1854, when
Lincoln at Peoria delivered his speech
on the repeal of the Missouri Compro
mise, was his remarkable intellectual
power recognized universally, even In
his own state. The moral breadth and
depth of the questions Involved In this
great struggle stirred Lincoln to the
bottom of his earnest soul, and from
that time forward he was a rapidly ex
panding man. Hawthorne was 45 be
fore he found his fame, and Lincoln was
45 before he was suspected of being
more than a man of good but not great
ability. When that great debate was
over Lincoln himself recognized that he
had "done himself proud," for he wrote
a friend: "I am glad I made the late
race, for, though I now sink out of view
and shall be forgotten, I believe I have
made some rflarks which will tell for
the cause of civil liberty long after I
am gone." It was the some confidence
that Shakespeare felt In the Immortal
ity of his powerful line.
In a letter to the famous actor, Hack
ett Lincoln writes: "I have endured a
great deal of ridicule without much
malice, and have received a great deal
of kindness, not quite free from ridi
cule. I am used to It" His letters
during the Civil War, like his great
state papers, are too well known to
need comment They show no gain in
power of logical statement, but a vast
gain in humor, poetic imagination and
pathetic eloquence. Had Lincoln died
the day he was elected, we should have
lost the rarest side of him, his poetic
side, his fervid, Hebraic eloquence, his
abounding humor, his great, exhaust
less heart, whose deep well was as
warm and ceaseless in its flow as the
hot sprlng3 of the Tellowstone. He was
like all memorable English-speaking
public men a man of slow growth. He
did not begin to bud until he was 45, but
when he died ten years later he had be
come the very plant and flower of light
Measured by the versatility and
strength of his purely intellectual and
his human side, Lincoln is easily our
greatest man since the foundation of
our Federal Government In 1789. He
had all the virtues of Washington and
he was what Washington was not a
masterful child -of our new American
dispensation.
The torpedo In some form has been
used in naval warfare for at least a
century, but It was not employed with
noteworthy effectiveness until our Civil
War, when the Confederates destroyed
a number of our war vessels by the use
of the torpedo-boat and by torpedoes
sunk in the channel. The Ironclads Pa
tapsco, Cairo, De Kalb, Tecumseh, Mil
waukee, Osage, were all destroyed by
torpedoes, and so was the screw sloop
gunboat Housatonlc, while the famous
ironclad "New Ironsides" was badly in
jured by a torpedo. The famous Con
federate ironclad Albemarle was de
stroyed by a torpedo exploded against
her side by Lieutenant William B.
Cushlng, of the Navy, as she lay at the
wharf of Plymouth, N. C, in Roanoke
River, October 28, 1864. Cushlng used
a small steam launch as his torpedo
boat; made his attack in the night
Since 1864 this rude torpedo service has
been greatly Improved, so that the tor
pedo is far more effective as a naval
weapon of destruction and far less dan
gerous to the crew who are employed
In Its service.
The death of S. M. Blandford, for
merly weather observer in this city,
records the ending of a promising ca
reer before the noon of life had been
reached. A genial, forceful, studious
man, he adorned the profession that
he had chosen and discharged faithfully
and acceptably the duties of life in the
home and community. His health had
been falling for some years, and his
death, though not unexpected, Is sin
cerely regretted in this community, of
which during the years from 1892 to 1S3S
he was a member.
"Crossed the plains in 1832; the
mother of eleven children; the helpful
wife of a minister for more than a
third of a century; a life of Christian
Integrity and usefulness throughout all
of her mature years; died at the age of
74." This Is the written record of the
life of Mrs. Sarah Pearl, who died In
this city a few days ago. Its unwrit
ten history Is recorded in "God's book
of remembrance," In which we may
well believe it Illuminates many a page.
The editor regrets that he cannot ac
cept the "Vice-Presidency of the United
States, tendered by his excellent friend,
Jeff Myers. He may as well now admit
that the reason for It Is bound to come
qut in time Is that he has been ten
dered a higher position by his great and
good friend, the Mickey Doo of Japan.
SPIRIT OF THE NORTHWEST PRES
One Reading of McBride.
tihatcora Reveille.
The "moral Issue" McBride alleges Is
contained In his candidacy Is the Issue as
to whether or not the nomination for Gov
ernor can be won by bunuozlng.
Names That Are Irresistible.
Astoria Astorian.
Isn't It just a trifle remarkable that B.
J. Pye should be president of the Astoria
Commercial Club and H. M. Cake presi
dent of the Portland Commercial Club?
Demanding the Impossible.
Wgodburn Independent
One of Oregon has cause. If not reason
to think that with his wonderful Influ
ence at Washington, the Hon. Blnger
Hermann could secure a Congressional
appropriation for the rivers and harbors.
Take a Tumble, Brethren.
Hood River Glacier.
Notices of a meeting of the Republican
State Central Committee are being sent to
tho county press and labeled "news
items." The very, same notice appears In
The Oregonlan among the paid advertlso
ments. Rebuke for the Smart Set.
Aberdeen Bulletin.
Judging from the crowd at the library
last night the so-called "400" of Aberdeen
have no Interest in Its success. Those
who gave of their means and showed their
good will by attending realize that there
Is something In life besides dancing and
cards.
McBride or a Bolt.
Walla Walla, Statesman.
It Is possible that the railroads may b-3
able to beat McBride at the Republican
State Convention, but in that event they
cannot prevent the Democrats from de
claring once more unequivocally for an ef
fective railway commission and from nom
lnating a man for Governor who will
merit and receive the votes of a majority
of the people. Such a candidate would bi
Turner, Tolman. McCroskey or Reser, who
have proved beyond question their fidelity
to the cause of the people.
Little, but Oh, My!
Arlington Record
Oregon Is to be congratulated In having
such able and efficient workers in Con
gress. While Senator Mitchell Is clearly at
the head of the delegation he Is seconded
by all the others, and there Is no jeal
ousy or antagonism. Each and every one
works with a will and a determination
to succeed. Our state Is In the develop
ment stage and needs much assistance
from the General Government The men
Oregon has in Congress know her wants
and are able and willing and industrious
in placing the state's wants before Con
gress. Besides this they seem to hava
tact. They popularize themselves and by
their tact popularize the measures they
desire to have Congress pass on. Oregon
has not many representatives, but it Is
doubtful if any other state is more ably
and efficiently represented than our own
dear Oregon.
But Do They Want Respect?
The Dalles Tlmes-Mountalneer.
There is av merry factional fight on In
the Republican ranks In Portland between
the Mltchellltes and the SImonltes, and an
Portland dictates the politics of Oregon
to a very large extent the actional strife!
reaches out all over the state. It Is alt
right for Republicans to thus lambaste
one another. They have grievances over
which it Is natural they should quarrel.
It's their business. But It is announced
that tho Democrats of Portland contem
plate taking a hand and settle the fam
lly row in the Republican camp. This is
not right It 'Isn't oven good policy. They
have tried the experiment on several occasions-of
helping Republicans to settle
factional difficulties, and each time have,
been worsted. Especially has this been
true in true In Portland. Only two years
ago Democrats helped the Mltchellltes to
down the SImonltes. As a result the
Democrats were disorganized, and lost
the respect even of those whom they as
sisted. 'Nominations Are In Ordef.
Eugene Register.
Hon. L. T. Harris is Lane's choice for
Congress, and we are certain he will ac
cept the honor that the district stands
jeady to bestow upon him, and which It
will shower upon him with the biggest
Republican vote recorded In the district
when It comes to the vote. As a debater
Mr. Harris Is fluent and forceful. He has
a commanding presence, a strong Individ
uality and Just enough reserve to make
him universally popular with the masses.
The elders, who have served us faith
fully and well, have a right to the seats
of honor where, in retirement we shall
crown them with the laurels they have
won and revere their good works, while
we put younger men at the tasks that In
the doing wisely and well will require the
most vigorous manhood In their accom
plishment The Register takes pleasure In
presenting to the First Congressional Dis
trict of Oregon the Hon. L. T. Harris,
Speaker of the House, a9 candidate for
Congress. Hon. Claude Gatch, of Salem,
Is not a candidate, and Marlon County
will no doubt stand ready to join with
other counties of the district in tendering
Mr. Harris unanimous nomination.
Churchgoers and Non-Churchgoers.
Corvallls Gazette.
The board of directors of the Lewis and
Clark Fair have discussed the matter of
opening or closing the gates on Sunday,
and the decision arrived at is almost
unanimous for an open Sunday. But one
of tho directors was in favor of closing
the Fair on that day. The clergymen of
Portland have to face the undeniable fact
however deplorable It may be, that 85 per
cent of the people of that city will not go
to church. Are the people who represent
this' 65 per cent of population less law
abiding than those who are demanding
the closing of the Fair on Sundays? Are
they not principally the small property
holders and worklngmen men whose
taxes have contributed largely to make
up the sum donated to the Fair by the
state? Does not the church property of
the city amount to hundreds of thousands
of dollars, on which no taxe3 arc ever
paid, thereby increasing the taxes of the
people generally? It is the money of the
non-churchgoers that has made the Fair
possible. If our churchgoing-friends are
such sticklers for municipal and personal
honesty, let them first do their share in
supporting the government that affords
protection to their property.
Latest Engagement at Bend.
Deschutes Echo.
In Its last week's issue the Bend Bul
letin in an article on the theft of a sum
of money from the Overton residence stat
ed that Mrs. P. B. Glle had been at the
Overton placo on the day the money was
lost The fact Is that Mrs. Gile was not
at the Overton place on that day, and the
lady became greatly distressed by such
an unwarranted use of her name. P. B.
Glle called on Editor Lawrence at the
"Federal building" for an explanation. He
had an Interview with that austere censor
of public morals in front of the tatter's of
fice,, and the editor admitted that he was
responsible for the article In question.
The responsibility was greater than Law
rence bargained for. as his nose Immedi
ately collided with G lie's -fist and the edi
tor shot backward through his office door
and made a full-length contact with the
floor. The instinct of self-preservation Is
an omnipresent one, and Is highly devel
oped in the Bulletin man, and he scram
bled to his feet with marvelous celer
ity and shut the door and thus concluded
the exercises. We have always maintained
that the Bulletin man should confine him
self to poetry and should choose his sub
jects from ancient history. He might then
be haunted, but not "Jlcked."
DICTIONARY OF NAVAL TERMS.
Netral Property The, property .of neutrals
captured in a belligerent ship is not con
fiscated, nor may enemy's goods in a neu
tral ship be confiscated.
Contraband Goods that might aid the en
emy to prolong his resistance are classed
as contraband. Coal and wheat or flotir
are likely to be the most Important con
traband articles la the present war.
rrlvat!er By the Declaration o Paris'
(1S30) all nations except the United States.
Spain and Mexico have pledged themselves
not to countenance privateering.
Blockade Blockade Is the closing of a port
to all commerce, formerly a declaration
of blockade was considered sufficient, but
now a blockade must be "effective." that
Is to say, the blockading fleet must have
sufficient force on the scene to actually
prevent vessels from entering tho port.
This caused the United States considerable
trouble on the Cuban coast during the
Spanish War, and ex-Secretary Long says
that two European ships of war cruised
In Cuban waters for tho evident purpose
of determining whether or not the block
ade was really "effective."
Gobs "Heavy guns are those above 4.7-Inch
caliber. The heaviest guns In the Jap
anese and Russian navies are the 12-tnch,
which are now being universally employed
on the main armament of battleships. The
0-Inch Is being largely used for the sec
ondary battery. It can be fired rapidly,
carries a 100-pound projectile, and has
good penetrative power. Smaller guns are
for use on unprotected vessels and for
keeping the crews of tho enemy's heavy
guns from doing effective work.
Torpedo The torpedo is the deadliest weap
on In naval warfare. It Is fired from a
tube, usually below the water line, to pre
vent a shot from exploding the torpedo
In the tlibe by a powdei Impulse or by
compressed air. The torpedo Is fitted with
nidders and atpropeller iiiven by com
pressed air. intravels below the surface
at a apyed of 20-30 knots and has a good
effective range of COO-800 yards. On strik
ing a ship the primer Is detonated, which
explodes the charge of gun cotton In the
bead of the torpedo.
Torpedo-boat, Torpedo-bout Destroyer The
use of the torpedo caused the construction
o an Inexpensive vessel, small but swift,
to use the new weapon. The torpedo
boat had no defensive power. Its loss
would be little regarded. Its sole object
was to get In Its blow. "Weaker naval
powers saw la them a cheap way of get
ting even with strong powers, and the
latter were forced to build torpedo-boat
destroyers. These were swifter, of course,
than their prey and carried qUlck-firlng
guns of small Caliber, as the torpedo-boat
was merely a shell of thin plates. The
destroyers wore fitted with torpedo tubes,
and, their greater slie rendering them more
capable of keeping the sea. they soon took
th.e place of the torpedo-boats. The mod-1
era destroyer is of 300- or 400 tons, has
a speed of over 30 knots, and carries be
sides her; torpedoes, a few 12 or 6-pounder
quick-firing guns.
Strategy, Tactics In naval warfare, as In
military, strategy refers to the general
handling of a fleet whereby the enemy
Is cooped up or forced Into an unfavor
able action. Tactics refer to the moves
In the actual engagement. Strategy brought
about the blockade of the Spanish -vessels
In Santiago; tactics governed the disposi
tion of our ships in their destruction.
Flotilla Flotilla practically corresponds to
"fleet." but Is used of smaller craft, as
the "torpedo-boat flotilla."
Convoy Convoy Is the name applied to mer
chant vessels proceeding under the pro
tection of men-of-war. It Is also used
In a more general sense, as the United
States torpedo vessels now bound for the
Orient are the convoy cf the larger ves
sels accompanying them. Convoy Is ap
plied both to the vessels that are being
escorted and to those that are the escort.
Fleet Squadron The word fleet usually re
fers to tho entire naval force of a coun
try. "When the force Is spilt up Into large
bodies at a considerable distance apart,
the word may be applied to each. Thus
the "British fleet" Includes Britain's en
tire naval force, but her many ships In
the Mediterranean are also called the
"Mediterranean fleet.'- "When a fleet Is
divided Into bodies of several ships, these
parts are called" squadrons.' Thuu Amer
ica has the "Asiatic squadron" and others.
Battleship, Cruiser, Gunboat, Etc. A bat
tleship is a vessel that would fill a place
In the line of battle by reason of her heavy
armor and armament. A battleship Is
usually slower than a cruiser, 13 knots
being a high speed. Cruisers are classed
as armored and protected cruisers, both
being usually distinguished from battle
ships by their greater Speed and less de
fensive and offensive powers. An armored
cruiser, as its name implies, has Its sides
and guns defended with armor. A pro
tected cruiser usuallV has nnthlne but the
"vitals" of tho vessel protected. In most
cues wiin u. sieei uecit, wiucu nees m
turtle-back fashion from the water line
and covers the engines and magazines.
Other cruisers and gunboats are smaller
unprotected vessels, principally useful for
police duty In time of peace.
Business Failure's In 1903.
There were a good many failures in 1903,
according to Dun's Review, but not so
many, the Iron Age thinks, as were to be
expected "in view of the manner in which
populous sections of the country were
scourged by drouth or floods, while in im
portant branches of trade manufacturers
and merchants contended with falling
prices, a shrinking demand and curtailed
credit." The number of failures in 1903
In the United States was 12.001, with to
tal liabilities Of $15G,633,S50; 11,615 in 1902,
with total liabilities of J117.476.769. These
figures indicate the check that general
trade received last year. Yet they might
have been worse. It is thought, owing to
the methods employed by 'some firms dur
ing the boom period. The Age notes a
shortening of the term of credit given by
large producers to their manufacturing
customers. Before 1S90 it was common
to give four months' credit, but the strin
gency of 1S93 and the policy of the big
combines have worked the period down to
30 days. This shorter period of credit, the
Age believes, lessened the number of
failures by enabling producers to safe
guard their interests more fully.
The Wearln' of the Green.
Dion Bouclcault.
Oh. Paddy, dear, and did you hear the news
that's going round,
The shamrock la forbid by law to grow on
Irish ground;
St. Patrick's day no more we'll keep; his col
ors can't be eecn.
For there's a bloody law again" the wearing
o me ureen.
I met with Xapper Tandy, and he took me by
ine nana,
And he said, "How's poor old Ireland, and
how does she standi''
She's the most distressful country that" ever
you nave seen;
They are hanging men and women there for
wearing of the green.
Then since the color we must wear. Is Eng-
jana s cruci rea.
oure, ireianas sons wm no'er forget the
Biooa tnat tney have shed;
Tou may take the shamrock from your hat
and cast It on the sou.
But 'twill take root and flourish still, tnough
underfoot tis trod;
When law can stop the blades of grass from
growing as they grow,
And when the leaves In Summer time their
verdure dare not show;
Then I will change tho color I wear In my
caubeen;
But till that day Til stick for aye to wearing
of the green.
But if at last our color should be torn from
Ireland's heart.
Her eons with shame and sorrow from the
dear old soil will cart;
Pve heard whisper of a country that lies
beyant the say.
Where rich and poor stand equal In the light
of freedom's day;
O, Erin, must we lave you- driven' by the
tyrant's hand.
Must we ask a mother's welcome from a
strange and happy land?
Where the cruel cross of England shall never
more be sees.
And where, please God. we'll live attd die
a-wearlng of the green.
c NOTfi AND 'COMMENT,
Price cuts Ice.
Captain Spencer makes a spo'tin offer.
i
Fire has taken the starch out of Oswego.
Scratch a Russian and you won't find, a
sailor. -
Russia has given-up trying to float a
loan and is trying to float her ships In
stead. "God. Right, and International Law are
on one side," says the St. Petersburg
Rues. Tho thought must be consoling, but
it doesn't seem to affect the result much.
Miss Angelina Mauro. walking delegate
of the St. Louis Garment 'Workers' Union,
has issued a manifesto to the girls of her
trade. She counsels them to rebuff all ad
vances made by a man who has not given
satisfactory proof that he Is a member of
some union. This procedure, Miss Mauro
thinks, will bring the men to their senses,
and the scab, after pining In girl-less soli
tude for a time, will reform and become
a good union man. Thus union men and
union women In a matrimonial union
will rear union children, while the malig
nant scab will be compelled to remain a
bachelor and his race will die out. Miss
Mauro's reasoning Is admirable; all she
wants is union girls that will adhere
strictly enough to principle to resist tho
blandishments of the handsome nonunion
man.
The Post-Intelligencer Is , displaying a
good deal of interest in the war that 13
now reported to be raging around Corea.
And the P.-L, believing that the citizens
of Seattle are taking some Interest In tho
alleged war, has done an astonishingly
bravo deed, one beside which Hobson's
exploit pales. Tho P.-L hold your breath
has announced that It will be "pleased"
t6 answer any questions that may be ad
dressed to the editor concerning the re
ported war. Here Is an opportunity for
Colonel Blethen to get in a deadly blow.
From his Queen Anne residence, where
President Roosevelt paused In regret that
the Colonel was away In his office writing
a double-column black-face editorial, he
can telephone to the unsuspecting" P.-I.:
Why Is Corea?
Is Admiral Dtngbatoffsy a cousin of General
Vladlmirpopoft?
How much further Is Irkutsk?
Is Lake Baikal?
"When was China?
How does Plckletovltch regard John L. Wil
son's Senatorial aspirations?
Don't you wish you were a friend of Jim,
Hlllovitch?
Everyone In Paris, from the beggars up,
has an artistic touch. Those artists whom
we crudely call tattooers have in Paris
an academy and are banded together as
tho Society of Plcturemakers Upon th
Human Skin. The society has petitioned
the Chamber of Deputies to pass a law
making it compulsory to have the name
and date of birth tatooed UpSn all chil
dren. This would furnish an excellent
means of Identification and Incidentally
benefit the Society of Plcturemakers
Upon the Human Skin. Presumably the
law Would designate the exact spot upon
the human frame that must be used for
the registry of birth, as such an arrange
ment would considerably facilitate the
process of identification. It must like
wise be presumed that the spot would he
one within easy reach, and capable of be
ing brought Into view without a trouble
some disrobing process. This would ren
der it very Inconvenient for persons" de
sirous of concealing their age and "Let
me see your shoulder" (or whatever part
It might be) would pale the check of her
who painted her cheek, or of him who
dyed his hair.
In reviewing the "Memoirs of Georgo
Elers, Captain In the Twelfth Regiment
of Foot, 1777-1842," the Brooklyn Ea
gle quotes thl3 passage, referring to
Sir Thomas Plctoa:
The next time I saw him was In the front
parlor of his lodgings In Edward street. Port
man square, lying dead In his coffin, his
sword scabbard bruised with shot, his boots
uncleaned and stained with the yellow mud
of Waterloo, and his accouterments lying about
In confusion.
The Eagle goes on to say:
In that little bit la the cream cheese 'of suoa
memoirs. From out of the past you suddenly
get a picture which compels ydu to realise
things, which have hitherto been merely his
tory, which is as much aa to say, merely
myths. H&sayou see this grand old cavalry
tough, Picton, dead In his boots, his scabbard
dented and empty all the detail of death on
the field of battle "In the parlor of his lodg
ings In Edward street, . Portman square."
Tou think of how they found him; you may
think, too. If you please, of the hundreds
and thousands whom nobody took the trouble
to find, and who were shoveled Into tha
trenches.
The "cream cheese" of memoirs,
whatever It may mean. Is a good
phrase, and suggests infinite possibili
ties. In quoting another passage oho
might refer to it as the "Umburger" of
memoirs, or one .might have the "gor
gonzola" of memoirs. And by an easy
extension of the figure we might bo
able to split up memoirs into passages
of caviar, sauer kraut, pickles, and eyen
pork and beans. All the same, those
muddy boots haven't lost their tongues
yet.
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
Ethel Is he a marrying man Mabel Well, I
should think ea. He has been divorced three
times. Town Topics.
She And did her face light up? Arthur
In a way. Her eyes snapped fire and her
cheeks burned with rage. Town Topics.
BobbyGrandma, do your glasses magnify?
Grandma Tes, dear. Bobby Wei. when you
cut my cake will you please take them off.?
Harper's Bazar.
Gyer I hear there Is to be another postal
Investigation. Byer It is reported that a mah
In ohe branch of the department had a chance
to acaulre a few extra dollars and didn't.
Chicago Dally Kws.
"Do you find him a little lower than the
angels?" A shadow swept over the fine face
of the woman of property. "I don't know, r
never priced angels." she replied after a mo
ment's thought. Puck.
"And when you have got the number of
hours In a working day down to the minimum,
what then?" asked the manufacturer. "Oh,
then, we'll so In for. a 30-mlnute hour," re
marked the wolking delegate. Tonkers States
man. "Didn't you say there were accidentals In
that music?" asked Mr. Cumrcx. "A great
many." answered his daughter, who has mu
sical ambitions. "Well, It's a great comfort
to know that you were not doing it all on pur
poses'Washington Star.
The Visitor It's heartrending to her your
baby. He's been crying for the last hour.
The New Mother Oh. yes. But It's a strictly
scientific hygienic, lung-expansive and non-tissue-destroying
cry. Life.
"Do you smoke cigarettes?" asked the busi
ness man. "I don't 'use tobacco In any form."
replied the applicant for a Job. "I didn't say
anything about tobacco," exclaimed the busi
ness man. testily. Philadelphia Record. "'
Dlmpleton In the absence of the nurse,
can't young Willie take care of the baby
while we are out? Mrs. Dlmpleton I should
say not! Why. I would as soon think of
leaving the baby with you. Harper's Bazaar.
City Editor See herel In your account of
Congressman Crooklt's funeral, you contin
ually refer to his "premature demise." Ex
porter Well, be was a young man, and
City Editor But that scamp's demise couldn't
possibly be premature. Philadelphia Ledger.