THE MOBNTNG OBEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JASfflJABY 27, 1904.
HEATH IS BOOMING HANNA
New York Times, January IS.
PERRY S. HEATH, Secretary of the
Republican National Committee, and
ex-First Assistant Postmaster-General,
declared at the "Waldorf-Astoria last
sight that Senator Marcus A. Hanna could
npt be expected to turn on the loyal
friends who were urging him for the Presi
dency and "beat out their brains with a
ball club," but rather must treat them
with the courtesy and consideration that
became the relation they now hold and
have held to the Ohio Senator.
In whatever he might say, Secretary
Heath declared that he would not pretend
to speak for Mr. Hanna. He also declared
that he had no Intention of retiring as
Secretary of the National Committee. All
day long he Kept from the sight of news
paper men, and every clerk In the ho
tel appeared ready to assert that Mr.
Heath has left the city hours before in
quiry began to be made for him.
It was stated upon good authority that
Senator Thomas Kearns, of Utah, and
he were in the city to see the 15 railroad
presidents who are residing temporarily
or permanently at the "Waldorf-Astoria
with reference to the candidacy of Sen
ator Hanna.
It was late last night that Mr. Heath
was encountered in a secluded part of
the hotel. He at once backed up against
the wall, frowned, and spoke slowly and
deliberately.
"No, I do not consent to bo Interviewed.
I am 6 feet In height, 43 years of age, and
weigh 1G3 pounds. I am in good health
and don't propose to be interviewed on
any subject whatever, not even the
weather."
. In answer to further questions he said:
"Oh, I've been interviewed and inter
viewed and Interviewed until everybody's
sick and tired of hearing about me and
what I may or may pot have to say, and
you certainly don't want to have me say
anything now."
"On the contrary, Mr. Heath, there is a
great desire that you should say some
thing. Anything you will say would be of
great Interest."
"Honest?"
Says Wanna Needs No Booming.
To a question possessed of several rami
fications Mr. Heath responded:
"I have nothing to say. I don't pretend
to speak for Mr. Hanna. I don't know
what his sentiments are.
IS IT A QUESTION FO"R TH,E HAGUE
Possibility That Colombia's Damages Are Not for Us to Assess.
Several eminent gentlemen from Con
necticut have sent to Senator Hoar a pe
tition In relation to Panama which, unlike
the vaporings of sundry loud politicians,
demands candid consideration by all fair
minded men. The press report of said
petition Is as follows:
After declaring that there is a recog
nized body of law which ought to govern
the conduct of nations irrespective of their
strength, the petition says that a belief
has arisen in the minds of many in this
country and abroad "that in our dealings
with the State of Colombia wo have vio
lated the rules of International law, and
that we are adopting a line of conduct to
ward that country which we would not
have taken against a stronger power."
The petition further says that the fact
of Colombia's comparative weakness
should make us more careful to avoid the
suspicion that we are making an unjust
use of our greater power; that the mere
existence of such a suspicion is Injurious
to our honor and self-respect and con
cludes: We therefore respectfully ask that be
fore final ratification of the Hay-Bunau-Varllla
treaty our action in Panama be
carefully and deliberately investigated to
the end, not only that the Republic may do
no wrong, but that its good reputation in
the world, which is dearer than any gain
of lands or trade, should suffer no losi.
In what way we have "violated the
rules of international law" is not pointed
out, but It may be fairly presumed that
the action of the President in recognizing
the State of Panama as an existing in
dependent state Is the "dealings with the
State of Colombia" to which they refer.
It is not to be supposed that these hon
orable genlemen intend to give any coun
tenance to the charge that this Govern
ment connived with the men who brought
about the Panama revolution.
International law Is, for the most part,
a very vague thing. Law, in the legal
sense, is of two kinds, written and un
written, or acts of a legislative body and
decisions of courts. In either case It
proceeds from a definite source and Is
upheld by force. The law says you shall
do this and so, and compels you to com
ply. In its common legal sense it Is
something more than a rule of conduct
it is a resistless force. It manifests It
self through the Sheriff, the police, the
military- When we speak of the law, we
mean this force. You must obey the law
or "the strong arm of the law" will be
laid upon you.
Force of International Law.
Now international law is a very differ-
ent thing. It has no force except upon
the mind and conscience, and while this
force should be effective, it may not bo.
Not only does International law lack the
element of power which is a part of com
mon law. but it is of one kind only,
namely, precedent. Where there is no
precedent there is no international law.
Aside from precedent there is only opln.
Ion and conjecture as to what is right
or wrong.
What then do these gentlemen mean
when they say, "We have violated the
rules of international law"? Do they
mean we have violated a precedent, or
acted without a precedent; or do they
simply mean we have violated some
principle of abstract Justice? If they
mean exactly what they say they mean
we have violated some rule in relation to
International conduct, which had become
a. law by having been acted upon or
acquiesced In heretofore, so as to become
a precedent. Let us then consider this
point first.
Why is precedent ever considered to be
law at all? Principally because when a
court has once laid down a rule, people
regulate their conduct and business ac
cording to that rule, be it right or wrong,
and to change it or lay down a new rule
would be to unsettle business and destroy
rights already acquired under tho first
rule. There are other considerations, but
this Is the principal one.
Now this consideration applies in a vory
slight degree with reference to interna
tional law, where it is the individual who
decides whether or not a precedent shall
be followed. There is no law, in any real
sense, and apart from a strictly moral
eense, which requires a nation to follow
a precedent. The law In common par
lance means what is, not what ought
to be. We ought to deal fairly with all
nations, but there is no law to compel
us to do so. Of course if a nation were
big enough she might compel us to h,er
will, right or wrong, but that Is another
matter.
So It ought to be borne in mind that
a precedent in international law is of no
such binding force as In common law,
and whether a-precedent ought to be fol
lowed or disregarded is very much a
question of expediency, controlled by the
broad principles of right and wrong. In
deed, a very eminent writer has said
that international law Is nothing more
than the principles of the golden rule
applied to nations.
Precedents Not Infclllbfe.
If this be so, then tho only force In
n. precedent in such matters Is the con
sideration due to the opinion of those
who were the authors thereof. That
National Republican Secretary Goes to New York in. Ohio Senator's Interests Ten
Railroad Presidents, He Says, "Want Hanna for President.
"I am not engaged in booming Senator
Hanna or any other candidate. 'Senator
Hanna i3 a man who does not need any
booming. Tou don't have to create senti
ment for him; it's there. He is in robust
health, 63 years old, and able to speak
for himself.
"The Senator Is in a peculiar position.
He is a man who has elected his candidate
in 1896 and 1900. and who had campaigns of
his own for United States Senator, and
has had various other campaigns In be
tween. The friends who came to hl3 as
sistance then did not do so because his
candidates were good candidates, but be
cause of his own individuality.
"Now these same friends are coming to
him and demanding that he be a candi
date for the Presidency take the Repub
lican nomination for the Presidency. Cer
tainly Senator Hanna cannot turn and
grab the nearest baseball bat and bratln
them, nor can he treat them abruptly. He
must treat them with courtesy and con
sideration." Secretary Heath was asked: "Suppose
Mr. Cleveland should And conditions
changing and should reconsider his de
termination not to run and accept a nomi
nation at the hands of the Democrats,
would Senator Hanna consent to be the
Republican candidate if that party con
vinced him that he was the strongest man
within It and the only man who would
have at least an equal chance to defeat
the ex-President?"
Secretary Heath was on the point of giv
ing a direct answer to this when he
caught himself and made this statement:
"Oh, as to that, you'd better ask Senator
Hanna himself'
Pressed for a more direct answer, he
continued:
"Ex-President Cleveland has taken him
self out of the race even more effectively
than Senator Hanna. hasn't he?"
A long pause ensued. Secretary Heath
broke the silence by saying: "I would call
your attention to the situation by quot
ing Secretary James G. Blaine, as I think
his summing up best fits this or any other
similar situation: 'No one can make him
self the Presidential candidate, nor can
he refuse to be a candidate."
"Some of the Administration newspa
pers of the country are deriving infinite
comfort from the fact that many of the
stato conventions of 1902 and 1903 indorsed
the President's Administration, and de
clared in favor of his renomination. Now,
Lord Coleridge or J. Q. Adams thought
a certain thing ought to be done under
certain circumstances must command
our perlous consideration because of the
character, ability and experience of these
great men. Yet, If after honest and care
ful consideration we believe they were
wrong, or If we find that conditions have
so changed as to render what they said
or did Inapplicable, then we are under no
kind of obligation to follow them.
It Is undoubtedly true that both by the
action of this Government and nearly all
civilized nations there is ample precedent
for the rule that Is laid down by writers
upon international law, that a revolting
state shall not be recognized by a -neutral
power until it Is demonstrated that she
can maintain her independence. Will any
one contend for a moment that there is
any moral force back of this so-called
law? Is It not entirely and emphatically
a question of expediency? We simply
stand back and watch the fight until we
are sure which one has won, then we
extend the hand of fellowship to him
wwra wie nanu oi leiiuwwup mm.
ne are reaqy to ao Business w tn tne
fellow who can whip the other fellow so
that he will stay whipped. This la the
precedent that Is so much invoked.
Whence does it get the force of law?
There is not much to be said for it from
a moral standpoint. As a precedent it has
been followed, to be sure, but as it is
founded entirely on expediency. It is only
a question of expediency at last; whether
we shall follow it or not.
No Precedent, Anyhow.
Another thin?: Precedent is not a pre
cedent unless the conditions are the same.
There never was a case like the Panama
case. The commerce of the world has
been blocked, diverted or retarded by the
Isthmus of Panama for centuries. Every
year the situation has grown more intol
erable. The best interests of the world
demand that that barrier should be re
moved. The doctrine of "the greatest
good to the greatest number" demands it.
even If the whole property In the Isthmus
of Panama should have to be appropriated.
It is familiar even to those most un
learned In the law that the rights of pri
vate ownership must give away before
the needs of the public When the public
needs a common wagon road across the
farm of a private citizen, it does not wait
to negotiate with him for 50 years, but
proceeds to condemn the right of way and
build the road, regardless of his protests.
The wishes of one man are not allowed to
prevail against the needs of the money.
A railroad can go where It will, and It is
not necessary' to have the consent of the
owners of the land across which it runs.
This rule, universally recognized the
world over, is called "The right of eminent
doman." We will touch upon this ques
tion hereafter. Enough is here said to
Illustrate the proposition that here Is an
unusual case, to which no precedent will
apply. Some of the strictures upon the
action of the President are based upon the
complaint that his action was without
p'recedent. Perhaps that is what these
gentlemen mean. Well, what then? Is
It true that "there is nothing new under
tho sun"? Can we never act without a
precedent? Are we so barren of ideas and
resources that we can never move until
someone else has set the pace? Must we
be forever copying? How came this Na
tion to be at all, if the only warrant for
doing a thing is that the same thing was
done yesterday. New conditions produce
new results.
Why cry precedent, precedent, where
there is no precedent? It is only the
weakling who can never leave the beaten
path, and when the path runs out. Is
hopelessly lost. The man of energy and
earnest purpose will fix his eye upon the
goal and blaze out a new trail. The latter
will have his name "writ large" in his
tory, while the former will slide Into a
nameless grave. It is quite probable,
however, that these gentlemen, by the
term international law, mean those prin
ciples of right and wrpng which some
times do. and always should, govern tho
actions of nations toward each other.
Here, Indeed, is a broad field, which we
should enter with caution and explore
with the utmost candor and fairness. Let
is not try to dodge the issues or cover
up facts. About all things, let us, as a
Nation, despise subterfuge. To see, gen
tlemen expending their energies in at
tempting to show that It is customary for
the Executive of a nation to recognize a
new state a few days after It Is born is
not edifying. No one believes that the
State of Panama could have maintained
Its Independence without outside support.
No one believes that It Is customary for
a nation to recognize a new government
until It Is able to sustain itself by Its
own efforts. No amount of talk will
change plain facts. Here Is the case in
brief:
For 50 years Colombia has been In the
midst of almost constant revolution. The
people of Colombia are Incapable of any
stable self-government. Panama has suf
fered constant oppression and misrule
from Colombia. Aside from the canal
question. Panama was amply justified In
revolt. Panama, being without material
for an army or navy, could not hope to
maintain Independence. The United States
had been negotiation? with New Grenada
and Colombia for 50 years with a view
to building the Panama Canal.
An Isthmial canal Is a world-wide com
merclal necessity. "When built. It will be
Mr. Heath, does that pledge the delegates
of those states to be elected soon?"
"It does not," Sir. Heath replied, quick
ly. He continued: "One convention can
not pledge the delegates of another. Each
acts on his own responsibility."
Railroad Presidents for Hanna.
"Why!" he suddenly burst out, "there
are 15 railroad presidents in this house
here tonight, and ten of them have told
Senator Hanna they would support him
for the Republican nomination this year.
"This practice of indorsing National Ad
ministrations by state conventions of the
same political faith as the Administration
has been in vogue for years. It's the usual
thing. But it is in no way binding upon
the delegates of the next convention or
the convention or conventions which elect
district delegates or delegats-at-large to
the National Convention.
Asked whether he had any intention of
retiring from the secretaryship of the Re
publican National Committee, Secretary
Heath answered:
"I have not. The only people who talk
to that effect are my enemies, who want
me to get out."
"Are they Mr. Roosevelt's friends
came the question.
"Are they?" echoed Mr. Heath.
As to the postofHce investigations. Sec
retary Heath remarked:
"I have no Intention of discussing that
subject. I am on the stand and giving
my evidence. I went into the PostofHce
Department to carry out the obligations
of President McKinley's Administration.
"It seems that I am to be crucified for
it. The cross is -all ready, and I am
all ready for the crucifixion, as I have
been before. I did my duty honestly and
faithfully, and others who did the same
thing before me have also been crucified."
"But some strenuous persons seem to
have escaped It," was interposed.
"Only for the time being." said Mr.
Heath with a half-suppressed grin.
As to the situation in the Democratic
party he said:
"I have traveled across the continent
17 times in the past 15 months, and let
me tell you, you would be surprised to
view the sentiment for Hearst."
"What is it going to lead to?" was
asked.
"Not being accustomed to gauging the
wind on the Democratic side, I am not in
a position to answer that question."
a world's highway. The United States
had already become sponsor for the build
ing of such a canal. Colombia, in tempo
rary possession of the soil, had spurned
all our efforts to purchase the right of
way. A few shrewd men. knowing the
situation, and believeing that the United
States would come to their aid, accom
plished a coup de etat which ousted Co
lombia from the control of Panama for
the time being.
The State of Panama was promptly
recognized by this government before Co
lombia had an opportunity to chastize her
erstwhile subject No Infant state ever
before received such instant recognition
by a neutral power. These are the
plain facts. Let us meet them squarely.
ieua wnere tney will.
Panama Grievances,
First, let it be premised that ColombU
had not kept faith with us, in fact, had
violated every right to consideration. It
Is well known that no effort was mads bv
the Bogota government to- ratify the Hay-
Herran treaty though bound by every
nrinclDle of and"
Without going into the matter in detali
it is enough to say that the
oiomoia nas been dishonest and con
temptuous m the extreme.
As to the Panama revolution, it !
mistake to suppose that It was hatefiVd
in an hour. The Isthmans had long suf
fered from outrageous treatment at the
hands of the Bogota government. To ob
tain their Independence had been thMr
cherished ambition for years. It Is past
dispute that Panama had Just cause for
severing ner relations with Colombia
and as Colombia could undoubtedly beat
her Into submission again, we could find
great humanitarian reasons for protect
ing ner; out. as we acted from another
motive, we win not rely upon this.
tiiii ud.L piiuuiuie men. can our
course be justified in recotmlztm-
State of Panama at a time and undpr mn.
dltlons which plainly prevented Colombia
irora regaining control of that territory?
We answer, upon the principle of the doc
trine or eminent domain.
A doctrine recognized and sustninpd
th.e combined wisdom and experience of
an civilized nations for aires. A Ann
trine upon which has been built up the
commerce oi tne world. A doctrine with
out which private greed or caprice would
be omnipotent. It Is the doctrine of ne.
cePslty. Without it no trail, road, railroad
or canal could be built. It Is the doctrine
upon which this Nation Is builded: The
doctrine that the whole people are greater
than any individual. The doctrine of "the
greatest good to the greatest number.
Does this doctrine apply?
Condemn a Right of Way.
Here is a case where the needs of the
public. In the largest sense, have for lo.
these many years, demanded a right of
way across the lands of a state. Although
there Is, strictly speaking, no precedent
for exercising the right of eminent domain
by a Nation outside its own political
boundaries, yet the reason of this doc
trine Is applicable. The proposed canal
Is not to be for private travel, nor for the
use of this country alone, but is to be
opened to the commerce of the world.
The vehicles of all nations may travel
this highway upon the same tarms. Not
only they may, but they desire to do so.
It is In" every sense a public highway of
the nations.
To a certain extent we have a precedent
in international law for this view. The
Suez canal was built by a private com
pany and was entirely private property.
yet the nations of Europe met In conven
tlon and agreed upon a form of treaty
regulating and controlling the neutrality
of the canal. Thus it was agreed that a
canal connecting great arms of the sea
Is an international highway
Why. then, should not the right of way
for this canal be condemned. If neces
sary? It Is not sought to take private
property without due compensation. We
are paying the amount agreed upon be
tween this Government and Colombia..
No one will say that It Is Inadequate. We
had exhausted every resource, made every
effort and waited an unreasonable tlnVe
to come to an agreement with Colombia.
Did not the circumstances warrant us in
commencing condemnation proceedings
long ago?
Perhaps there was no ready-made in
ternational law to exactly fit the case;
but are we not equal to dealing with the
situation on broad lines and under general
principles, without a case "on all fours"
as a precedent? We are doing the world's
work. No other nation would undertake
it. and we have been slow in accepting
the responsibility, but no one can say
that we have, not been more than Just to
the obstreperous occupant.
Question of Compensation.
The doctrine of eminent domain pro
vides that private property may be seized
by the public for public use. but the
question of "Just compensation" shall be
left to arbitration. We will, therefore.
refer to the question of compensation un
der a different head.
Conceding that the principle of eminent
domain Is applicable to the case in hand.
how far are we authorized to go? The
principle itself authorizes -the taking of
so much property as Is necessary to ac-
compilsh the end Intended. How much Is V
necessary in this case? In order to fair- I
ly Judge of this matter several things
must be kept in view.' The new State of
Panama Is cut off from Colombia by
mountains ranges which render It prac
tically Impossible for one country to com
municate with the other, except by water.
Panama is not naturally -allied with Co
lumbia.
It seems that for the last 50 years Pana- J
ma baa suffered, on tne average, one
revolution a year. .This whole country,
so far as its ability to maintain a stable
government Is concerned, Is very little ad
vanced In civilization. Indeed, a consid
erable section of country between Panama
and Colombia Is. and always has been.
occupied by wild and uncivilized tribes
who acknowledge allegiance to no gov-
eminent. In such a country, with only
alternating periods of armed lawlessness
and licensed plundering. It Is necessary
that we control a sufficient scope ot coun- i
try to Insure the peaceful occupation and I
operation of the canal. I
Plainly the Colombian nondescript army
could not be allowed to roost along the
very banks of the canal. The mountains
senaratlnjr Colombia from the present
State of Panama are near enougn aoout
150 miles. Not only must the canal be
built, but It must be kept clear ot even
the suspicion of danger. It is, tnereiore,
necessary to the prosecution and pro
tection of this great world enterprise.
that the nation in charge of it should
practically 'control the whole tract In
cluded In the State of Panama. We would
have been Justified, then. In taiang pos
session of that whole state ior tne pur
pose of prosecuting this work. If Colom
hla had hepn a small farmer anywhere in
thf United states this property would
have been appropriated long ago.
The American Position.
But there was no recognized method of
procedure in this case. The time having-
arrived when It was necessary to ao
something, by fortuitous circumstances a
way was opened for this Government to
avoid more vigorous measures oy recog
nizing and dealing with the btate oi
Panama. While it is true that a few
men planned and practically accomplished
the Panama revolution, yet it is equally
true that it was hailed with joy by the
whole people. Whatever their motive,
they were unanimous enough. While we
had nothing to do with the maneuver
that launched the revolution, we ma rur-
nlsh much "aid and comfort" to the new
state, thereby making It possible for it
to continue to exist.
Our attitude might be stated something
like this
WThereas. the best interests of the
whole world demand that a ship canal
connecting the Atlantic and racinc
nmans he built across tne istnmus oi
Panama: and
Whereas, the task of building said canai
has been delegated to the united states ;
and
Whereas, it is necessary, not only to
secure the right of way for Baia canai
across said Isthmus, but It is equally
necessary that a sufficient scope on each
side of said right of way be secured im
munity from internal as well as external
insurrections, wars and revolutions, to
the end that life and property may be
safe while passing through said canal;
and
Whereas, such scope of country com
prises, by reason of location and natural
barriers, the whole of the Isthmus of
Panama:
Therefore, be It known and understood
of all men that the United .States of
America will build a shipjcanal across
the Isthmus of Panama from the City of
Colon to the City of Panama and forever
maintain the same as a public highway
for all nations: and that the United
States will forever guarantee safe transit
through said canal, and, to that end, wiU
secure and maintain peace" and good order
throughout the present State of Panama.
That more vigorous means have been
avoided bv opportune events need not
worry any one, unless he Is looking for
worry. These events were the natural
results of the actions of Colombia.
Justice the Main Question.
In this strenuous age, a nation,' like an
individual, must improve the opportuni
ties offered. President Roosevelt would
not have been equal to the occasion If he
had not welcomed the birth of the infant
state of Panama and accepted the place
of guardian. Call It recognition or inter
ventlon or what you will. The time was
ripe; the opportunity .offered; a man, with
ability to see and the courage to apt, was
at the helm. New conditions make new
precedent. If It was not, it now Is. in
ternational law, that an Infant state may
be recognized by any nation whenever
the good of the. world demands it. The
world is getting to be a small place and
we are getting to be a big Nation. "While
we will not use our strength to oppress
a weaker people, we also will not let a
small master hinder a large work. While
we win not run over any one, it may
as well be understood that whoever re
lies upon this assurance to the extent of
sitting In front of the car of progress will
be picked up and deposited where he can
not be hurt. The car will move on.
And this brings us to the consideration
of another matter, which Is thus stated in
the petition referred to at the beginning
"We are adopting a line of conduct
towards that country (Colombia) which
we would not have taken against
stronger power." Quite likely this is true;
and while these gentlemen are correct In
saying that "the fact of Colombia's com
parative weakness should make us the
more careful to avoid the suspicion that
we are making an unjust use of our
great power," yet, the justice of our
course Is the only question after all. and
that must be judged by the motive that
prompts It and by its probable results.
It Is admittedly right to take private
property for public nse under some cir
cumstances. It is confessedly wrong to
take private property for private use un
der any circumstances. It is prudent and
wise to Incur slight risks to accomplish
great ends. It Is imprudent to invite
probable disaster in pursuit of small ends.
Between these extremes He many problems
of expediency, which should not, however.
be confused with questions of morals
We cannot afford to do wrong because
we are strong, but we are .big enough to
brush aside small impediments to progress
Uncle Sam must not run over any small
boys, but If a small boy persists In play
ing marbles in the road it may be neces
sary for Uncle Sam to treat him as a boy
and compel him to play on the other side
of th6 fence. If It were a big man In the
road it might be advisable to pursue a dif
ferent policy.
Demanded by Self-Preservation.
As to this question of expediency: I
think it is admitted on all sides that the
canal ought to be built for business rea
sons, which affect the whole world. On
the part of this country the highest law of
all demands It the law of self-defense.
Common prudence for the "national safety
demands It.
Tt takes Tin srretrh of the lmatrlnatlnn to
see great national disaster resulting from
the failure to construct it. The battle
ship Oregon might easily have been lost
for the want of it. We must be able to
move our navy from one ocean to the
other as speedily as possible. "In times
of peace prepare for war,"" does not mean
prepare to make war, but prevent war" by
being prepared. This. Government would
be guilty of criminal negligence If it does
not avail Itself of every legitimate oppor
tunity to advance this great enterprise.
Tho law of eminent domain provides
that private property shall not be taken
for public use witnout "due compensa
tion." and that the amount of such com
pensation shall be ascertained by an im
partial arbitrator. Due compensation has
been agreed upon between this country
and Panama (assuming that the treaty Is
ratified), but has Colombia any claim
upon us for compensation?
The answer to this question Is .not free
from difficulties. If, under the right of eml
nent domain, we had seized the isthmus
while it was under the controlyof Colombia.
we would have been .called upon to ren
der due compensation to her. How. far
are we justified in relying upon the fact
that Panama Is now in -possession of the
Isthmus? "We must in fairness -concede
that this position would not long continue
except for the attitude of the United
States. Can we say that Panama Is the
proper payee under the circumstances?
Much can be said in favor of this view.
It is the soil of" the Isthmus that is to be
cut away. That Is the direct injury. The
salve ought to -be applied where the hurt
is. The money paid as compensation for
damages ougnr. to ne used to repair tne
damages; and Colombia will not be called
upon to bridge the canal. But Colombia
is deprived of sovereignty over the isth
mus. Is this an element of damage? Or.
can" we say Panama was justified In revolt
and therefore we are justified in backing
her? The principles of eminent domain
-prill not help us here. That law says the
sovereign may take but he may not judge
the question of compensation. i
It is a serious question and one not free
from doubt. That Colombia should -not
receive anything from us I believe can
be shown before any fair tribunal. But
ought we to decide this question ourselves?
It Is plainly our own prerogative to Judge
of the justice, necessity and expediency
of our course; but ought not the question
of compensation to be left to arbitration
say to the Hague tribunal? Not. indeed,
to decide whether or not we may pursue
the course which we have adopted, but
solely as to whether or not Colombia Is en
titled to any compensation on acount of
that course, and If so, how much.
It would seem that analogous rules of
law and a proper regard for our own
reputation for fairness and generosity im
pel ns to such action.
AUSTIN S. HAMMOND.
Grant's Pass, Or., Jan. IS, 1904.
HIS EEffi MAY BE IATJNDETMAH
An Indiana Millionaire's Son Made
His Own Way Through Life.
Indianapolis News.
William R. Cheney, of Jeffersonvllle, is
son of Judge James Cheney, who died
recently at his home in Fort Wayne, and
who was said to have been the wealthiest
man in Indiana. By his death his son
will probably inherit a rich estate. He
is the proprietor of a steam laundry in
Jeffersonvllle.
WTlllIam Cheney Is known to everybody
in this city. His hair is beginning to turn
gray, but his form is erect and soldierly
and his eye is bright and piercing.
When a boy of 14 years old an estrange
ment sprang up between him and his
father. He hau a love for adventure, and
ran away to sea. He went to New Bed
ford and shipped upon a whaling vessel
bound for the Northern seas. Merchant
vessels in those days were not as care
fully inspected by Government officials as
they are now, and the most flagrant
abuses were practiced on the seamen by
the officers. When the ship was on a re
turn voyage, after a successful cruise, the
treatment of the men was made almost
unbearable in order to force them to de
sert the ship, thus forfeiting' their wages
and percentage of the proceeds of the
voyage.
The life that was too rough for men
that had done hard labor all their lives
was not too 'severe fbr the rich man's
son, who kept at the work for several
years, steadfast In his determination not
to seek a reconciliation with his father.
When the war broke out Mr. Cheney
enlisted in an Indiana regiment and took
part in some of the hardest battles.
After the war Mr. Cheney drifted into
the laundry business. He began work in
the washroom and learned the trade from
the bottom. While working as a laundry
man' Cheney traveled through nearly all
the Western states, but his mind con
stantly returned to his native state. Dur
ing the years ot his absence from home
no communication had -passed between
him and his family. He returned to In
diana and a reconcllation between him
and- his father was effected.
Though he cherished a warm regard for
his son, who frequently visited him in
Fort Wayne, Judge Cheney had his own
ideas about the management of his prop
erty, and allowed his son to make his
own living from the laundry business. Of
late years Mr. Cheney has attended his
father's birthday celebrations at Fort
Wayne.
A Charming American Woman.
New York Press.
Although little is heard on this side of
the Atlantic about Mrs. John Ridgeley
Carter, the wife of the second secretary
of the American embassy in London,
she is a most popular woman ' and her
charms are appreciated by a select little
crowd. Her husband Is a man ot promise.
The Carters have more than held up their
end of the entertaining. Mrs. Carter was
a Miss Morgan and was a Washington
girL Her mother comes of the Fellows
family. Mr. Carter Is a wonderfully
handsome man and Is known as the "best
looking American In London." He Is sen
sitlve about his good looks, and to com
ment upon his pulchritude Is regarded as
an offense by Its possessor. He is fond of
shootings and whenever he has a chance
he hunts on the Yorkshire moors.
"Here. Bobby, you have forgotten to pack
up your tootiiDrusn. - BODDy uut l tnougnt
was going: on a vacation. L,ue.
MANY DOCTORS
INTERESTED IN THE CASE OF
MRS. ROBERT WHITELEY.
Woodard, Clarke & Co.'s Vinol Cured
Her of Chronic Stomach Trouble,
and She Has Gained Thirty
Six Pounds.
Mr. Robert Whiteley, of Pittsburg, Pa
writes: "My wife was subject to chronic
stomach trouble and terrible nervousness
she was thin, and had a -worn-out look!
Doctors, after great expense, all failed to
help her. At last she tried Vinol, and
soon the change in her condition seemed
almost miraculous. She continued its use
and today she Is in perfect health and has
gained. 36 pounds her friends hardly know
her so great Is the change. To vinol we
MRS. ROBERT WHITELEY.
give all the praise, and everywhere I rec
ommend your Vinol, as I have more faith
In It than I have In doctors or any other
medIclne.,,
Our Vinol cures conditions like this, be
cause it contains in a concentrated form
all of the vital principles contained In cod
liver oil, and it is the greatest strength
creator known to medicine. Vinol tones
up the tired, -weakened nerves of the stom
ach: it purines and enriches the blood; it
invigorates every organ in the body to do
Its work as nature intended, and solid,
firm flesh, abounding health and vitality
is the sure result.
Every person in Portland Is invited to
call at our store and get a bottle of VlnoL
If it falls to do what we claim for it we
will give back your money. Tou see by
tha above letter that the fame of Vinol Is
spreading far and wide. "Woodard, Clarke
& Co., druggists.
Pears'
What is wanted of soap
for the skin is to. wash it
clean . and not hurt it.
Pure soap does that. This
is why- we want pure soap;
and when we say Dure.
we mean without alkali.
Pears' is pure; no free
alkali. You can trust a
soap that hasvrib biting in
it, that's Pears'.
Established over ico years.
after the night before"
take Abbey's Effer
vescent Salt, it
sweetens the stomach,
clears the head and
refreshes you for
your daily duties.
All druggists, or by
mail, 25c, 50c. and
$1.0(T per bottle.
FreeSamplerSMW
upon receipt o! your name and address.
THE ABBEY EFFERVESCENT SALT CO.
9-15 Murray Street, New York.
Falling Hairand Bate!
ON LC AT ALL ORUCGISTS
Genuine sold only in Packages
bearing this trade mark.
That way is to 'CURB the scalp dis
eases which, are the source of those
conditions.
Used in water for Shampooing once a
day for a week or wo, will cure the
scalp of disease, remove dandruff and
give to the Hair a J A fi
Lustrious
Beauty
Which is utterly lieyond the possi
bility of any "patent" hair tonic to
produce. Send for our free Booklet.
25c, 50c and $1 Packages
Medical Lake Salts Eg. Go,
Medical Lake, and Spokane, Wash
FOR SALE IX PORTLAND BY
Gradon & Koehler. First and Main: A. W.
Allen, Sixteenth and Marshall; Howe & Mar
tin. Sixth. & Washington; watt & Matthieu.
275 Russell street; Nichols & Thompson. 128
Russell street; Laue-Davls Drue Co., 1
Third street: Cottel Drug Co., 574 First St.:
B. F. Jones & Co.. Front and Glbbs streets
S. G. Skldmore & Co., 151 Third st.; Frank
Nau. Hotel Portland; O. P. S. Plummer, 203
Third street.
erw Woman
Is intereste d and should know
about the wonderful
MARYEL Whirling Spray
Th Neve Ladles Syrtnj
nest, barest, mmi
ZPm convenient.
lik Toir rarxtt fir It.
If he cannot supply the
MARVEL. !U?eT)no
other, bat tend stam p for 11-.
liutrsted book i)Ut sires
full particular and directions In
Tlnbletoladlf TH ItVEL CO..
Roam 390 Tlmoa Bdc. Nw York.
IOR SALE BY: WOODARD, CLARKE & CO
CHICHESTER'S ENGLISH
Orlsimml and tinlr frCBalae.
8 ATX. iSri reliable. IdMUe. DrairUt
for UH lCilJKb liiit'b
lm HZD an! Gold MtaRle baiM. Male
with Mae rDba- Take bo ollr. Bcfku
DaBgerena Sabatltntiona aad I nuta
tion ft- Bj of joar PrmfUt. or ea 4e. la
iush fbr Partlavlara. Testimonial
.4 MD.turci.t.&JIn.oialiiMr.bT r
taraMaU. 1 W.OOO TwttaooialJ. 8147
allDraizitu. CVi cheater CheajJealO.
KjattlcB tali DI1r atadlaaa Saaan. FU1LA-. tram
Feel Your Pulse
If it beats fast, then slow skips
beats, your heart Is weak and should
be treated at once. Dr. Miles' Heart
Cure is the best and safest remedy.
Sold on guarantee. Send for besz on the heart.
DR. MILES MEDICAL CO.. Elkhart. Ind.
STOPPED FREE
Permanently Cured bi
DR. KLIKE'S GREAT
HERYE RESTORER
so roa ok u (jten.
COSSCimircr, sml or Yf nan. nodio ial
89 TRIAL BOTTLE TREE
PtTEsaaeSt Cara. art oaJj toayiqr att Ut aa
5BnoaSmKnu,Zpnei7,8pums. Bt. Vital
Panoa.HiMllty. Brh nr. lUoa. rradXlRl.
M 8 1 tfl IIFJi93 LArch St. PhHadelghl,
U J
PENNY
TS
m
THE PALATIAL
HBHUL BUILDING
Not a dark office in the building;
absolutely fireproof; electric lights
and artesian water: perfect sanita
tion and thorough ventilation; ele
vators -run day and night.
Rooms.
AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. PhTiIclan and
Surgeon .... 606-607
ASSOCIATED PRESS. S. B. Vincent, ilsr..813
AUSTEN. F. C. Manager for Oregon aad
Washington Bankers' Life Association ot
Des Moines. Ia 002-503
BAAR. DR. GUSTAV. Phys. and Surs. .807-603
BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION Or DES
MOINES, IA.. F. C. Austen. Mgr. 502-503
BATES! PHILIP S.. Pub. Pacific Miner... 215
BENJAMIN. R. W.. Dentist .31
BERNARD. G-, Cashier Co-Operative Mer
cantile Co.... . 204-205
BIN SW ANGER. OTTO S.. Physician and
Surgeon 4CT-403
BOG ART, OR. 1L D.. Dentist . 700
BROCK. WILBUR F.. Circulator. Orego-
n!an ,.501
BRUERE. DR. G. E., Phys 411-412-413-4H
CAMPBELL. WM. M.. Medical Referea
Equitable Llfo ... ... TOO
CANNING. M. J 602-603
CARDWELL. DR. J. R., Dentist...-. .COfl
CAUKIN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers
Insurance Company 718
CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J.... 716-717
COGHLAN, DR. Z. N 71S-719
COLLIER, P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager 415
COLUMBIA GRANITE CO 417-418
CONN ELL. DR. E. DE WITT. Eye. Ear.
Nose and Throat 613-614
CO-OPERATIVE MERCANTILE CO.. J. F.
Olsen, Gea. Mgr.; G. Bernard. Cashier. 204-205
CORNELIUS. C. W.. Phys. and Surgeon... 212
DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-714
EDITORIAL ROOMS , Eighth Floor
EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder Street
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SO
CIETY. L. Samuel. Mgr.; G. S. Smith.
Cashier ... . .'300
FENTON. J D.. Phys. and Surgeon 000-510
FENTON, DR. HICKS C.. Eye and Ear 511
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 609
GALVANL W. H.. Engineer and Draughts-
man 600
GEART, DR. E. P., Physician and Sur
geon 404-405-406
UlESr. DR. A. J.. Phys. and Surgeon.. 70D-71O
UOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat
tan Llfs Ins. Co. of New York ...... .200-210
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law 617
GRISWOLD 8l PHEGLEY. Tailors
. 131 Sixth Street
HAMMAN BATHS. Turkish and Russian..
300-381-302
HARDEN. MRS. L. K-, Stenographer 201
HAVILAND, DR. W. K.. Phy. and Sur.512-513
HAWKE. DR. C. E.. Phys. and Surg. .603-600
HOLLISTER, DR. O. C. Physician and
Surgeon ... .....004-505
HOMER R. KOEN. Manager the Gru-
mlaux News & Subscription Co 318
HOSMER. DR. CHARLES SAMUEL.
Physician and Surgeon 701-702
IDLEMAN. C II.. Attorney-at-Law. ...615-618
JEFFREYS. DR. ANICE F.. Phys. and
Surgeon, Women and Children only 400
JOHNSON. W. C -315-310-317
KADY. MARK T.. Supervisor of Agents"
Mutual Reserve Life Insurance Co 605
LANE. E. L.. Dentist . .513-514
LAWBAUGH. DR. E. A ...S04-S05
LAWRENCE PUBLISHING CO- 417-418
LITTLEFIELD & CORNELIUS -...212
LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phys. and Surg 212
MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. .711-712
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.
OF NEW YORK. W. Goldman. Mgr. .209-210
MARSH, DR. R. J.. Phys. and Surg 309-310
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 715
Mcelroy, dr. j. a.. Phys. & sur. 701-702-703
McGinn, henry e.. Attorney-at-Law.311-312
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher 413
McKENZIE. DR. P. L. Phys. and Surg...20a
METT. HENRY - - 218
MOBSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 513-014
MUTUAL RESERVE LIFE INS. CO..
Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-COS
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.718
NILES. M. M.. Cashier Manhattan Life
Insurance Company of New York.. 209
NOTTAGE. DR. G. H.. Dentist 60S-C09
NOTTINGHAM. T. W.. Mgr. The Warren
Construction Co . .216-217
O'CONNOR. DR. H. P.. Dentist.'. 309-310
OLSEN. J. F,. General Manager Co-operative
Mercantile Co 204-205
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY
- '. 409-410
OREGONIAN BARBER SHOP. MARSCH
& GEORGE. Props 129 Sixth Street
OREGONIAN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU.
J. F. Strauhal. Manager 200
PACIFIC MINER. Philip S. Bates. Pub.... 215
PAGUE. B. S.. Attorney-at-Law ..518
PALMER BROS.. Real Estate and Busi
ness Chances 417-418
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
Ground Floor, 128 Sixth Street
REED. C. J.. Executive Special Agent
Manhattan Life Ins. Co. of New York 208
REED. WALTER. Optician 133 Sixth Street
ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and
Mining Engineer -.31(1
ROTH. DR. JOHN B.. Phys. and Surg.313-314
RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law B15
RYAN. CHAS. N.. Advertising Broker 217
SAMUEL. L. Manager Equitable Life 306
SCOTT. C. N.. with Palmer Bros 417-413
SHERWOOD. J. W.. State Commander K.
O. T. M 517
SMITH. DR. ALAN -WELCH. Physician
and Surgeon ....207-203
SMITH. DR. L. B. Osteopath.... 400-410
SMITH. GEORGE S.. Cashier Equitable
STOLTE iR. CHARLES E.. Dentist .704-705
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO .'...70O
SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE 201
THE GRUMIAUX NEWS & SUBSCRIP
TION CO.. Homer R. Koen. Manager... .318
TUCKER. DR. GEORGE F.. Dentist.. .610-611
UMPQUA LUMBER CO.. W. J. Pendergast.
Manager ...... 601
VESTER A.. Special Agent Manhattan
Life 209
WARREN CONSTRUCTION CO.. T. W.
Nottingham. Manager 216-217
WASHINGTON LOAN & INVESTMENT
CO 217
WENDLING. DR. ROBT. F.. Dentist 708
WILEY. DR. JAMES O. C. Phys. & Surg.70S-9
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Eye. Ear.
Nose and Throat .....304-305
WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg. . 706707
WILSON. DR. HOLT a. Phys. & Surg.607-503
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician.. 411-412-413-414
Offices may be-had by applying to
the superintendent of the building,
room 20 1t second floor.