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THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1903.
iv'5T" ?'$&?'''
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well of the Nation as those to whom the
Nation owes Its very being; the veteraas of
the Civil 'War. Special attention Is asked
to the excellent work of the Pension Bu
reau In expediting and disposing of pension
claims. During the fiscal rear ending July
1. 1003. the bureau settled 251.6S2 claim,
an average of 625 claims for each working
day of the year. The number of settle
ments slnco July 3. 1903, has been In ex
cess -of last year's average, approaching 1000
claims for each working day, and It Is be
lieved that the work of the bureau will be
current at the close of the present fiscal
year.
crra, service rules.
Competitlvo Examinations Promote
Effi-
clency and Economy.
During the year ended June 30 last 25,500
-persons were appointed through competitive
examinations under the civil servlco rules.
This was 12,072 more than during the pre--ceding
year, and 40 per cent of those who
passed the examinations. Thls abnormal
growth was largely occasioned by the exten
sion of classification to the rural free-delivery
service and the appointment last year
of over 9000 rural carriers. A revision of
the civil service rules took effect on April
15 last, which "has greatly Improved their
operation. The completion of the reform
of the civil service Is recognized by good
citizens everywhere as a matter of the high
est public Importance, and the success of the
merit system largely depends upon the ef
fectiveness of the rules and the machinery
provided for their enforcement. A very
.gratifjing spirit of friendly co-operation
exists in all the departments of the Gov
ernment Jn the enforcement and uniform ob
servance of both the letter and spirit of the
civil service act.
Executive orders of July 3, 1902; March
20, 1903, and July S, 1903, Tequlre that ap
pointments of all unclassified laborers, both
In the departments at "Washington and In
the field service, shall be made with the
assistance of the "United States Civil Service
Commission, under a system of registration
to test the relative fitness, of applicants for
appointment or employment. This system Is
competitive, and is open to all citizens of
the United States Qualified in respect to age,
physical ability, moral character, industry,
and adaptability for manual labor, except
that in case of veterans of the Civil War
tho element of age Is omitted. This sys
tem of appointment is distinct from tho
classified service and does not classify po
sition of mere laborer under the civil service
act and rules. Regulations in aid thereof
have been put in operation in several of the
departments and are being gradually ex
tended in other parts of the service. The
results have been very satisfactory, as ex
travagance has been checked by decreasing
the number of unnecessary positions and by
Increasing the efficiency of the employes re
maining. BOARD OF CHARITIES.
District of Columbia's Commission Recom
mendations Commended
The Congress, as the result of a thorough
Investigation of the charities and reforma
tory institutions in the filetrict of Columbia,
by a Joint select committee of -the two
houses which made its report in March, 189S,
created in the act approved June 0, 1900, a
board of charities for the District of Co
lumbia, to consist of five residents of the
District, appointed by the President of the
"United States, by and with tho advice and
consent of tho Senate, each for a term of
three years, to serve without compensation.
President McKinley appointed five men who
had been activo and prominent in the pub
lic charities of "Washington, all of whom
upon taking office July 1, 1900, resigned from
the different charities with which they had
been connected. The members of the board
have been reappointed in successive years.
The board serves under the Commissioners
of the District of Columbia. The board
gavo its first year to a careful and impar
tial study of tho special problems before it,
and has continued that study every year in
the light of the best practice in public chari
ties elsewhere. Its recommendations in Its
annual reports to tho Congress through the
Commissioners of the District of Columbia
"for the economical and efficient adminis
tration of the charities and reformatories
of the District of Columbia," as required
by the act creating it. have been based upon
the principles commended by the Joint select
committee of tho Congress in Its report of
March. 1898. and approved by tho best ad
ministrators -of public charities, and make
ior the desired systematlzatlon and Im
provement of the affairs under its super
vision. They are worthy of favorable con
sideration by the Congi s.
the Aianr.
System of Promotion by Mere Seniority Is
2ot Weil.
The effect of the laws providing a general
staff for the Army and for the more effective
use of the National Guard has been ex
cellent. Great Improvement has been made
in tne cmciency oi our Army in recent years.
Such schools as those erected at Fort Leaven-worth
and Fort Riley and the Institu
tion of Fell maneuver work accomplish sat
isfactory results. The .good effect of these
maneuvers upon the National Guard is
marked, and ample appropriation should be
made to enable the guardsmen of the several
states to share in the benefit. The Govern
ment should as soon as possible secure suit
able permanent campsites for military ma
neuvers In the -various sections of the country-
The service thereby rendered not only
to the regular Army, but to the National
Guard of the several states, will be so great
as to repay many times over the relatively
small expense, we should not rest satisfied
with what has been done, however. Tho only
people who are contented with a system of
promotion by mere seniority are those who
are contented wjth the triumph of mediocrity
over excellence. On the other band, a sys
tem which encouraged the exercise of social
or political favoritism in promotions would be
e'en worse. But It would surely be easy to
devise a method of promotion from grade to
grade in which the opinion of the higher
officers of the service upon the candidates
should be decisUe upon the standing and
promotion of the latter. Just such a system
now obtains at "West Point. Tho quality of
each year's work determines the standing of
that year's class, the man being dropped or
graduated Into the next class in the relative
position which his military superiors decide
to1 be warranted by his. merit. In other words,
ability, energy, fidelity and all other similar
qualities determine tho rank of a man year
after year in West Point, and his standing
In tao Army when he graduates from "West
Point; but from that time on all effort to find
which man is best or worst, and reward or
'punish him accordingly. Is abandoned; no
brilliancy, no amount of hard work, no eager
ness in the performance of duty, can advance
him. and no slackness or Indifference that
falls short of a court-martial offense n re
tard him. "Until this system Is changed we
cannot hope that our officers will bo of as
high grade as we have A right to expect,
considering the material upon which wo
draw. Moreover, when a man renders such
service as Captain .Pershing rendered last
Spring In the Moro campaign. It ought to be
possible to reward him without at once Jump
ing him to the grade of Brigadier-General.
THE XAVT
Ihere Must Be Jfo Iet-Up In Work of In
creasing It.
Shortly after the enunciation of that famous
principle of American foreign policy now
known as tho "Monroe Doctrine," President
Monroe, in a special message to Congress on
January 30. 1824. spoke as follows: "Tho
Navy is the arm from which our Government
will always derive most aid in support of
our rights. Every power engaged in
war will know the strength of our naval
power, the number of our ships of each class,
their condition, and the promptitude with
which we may bring them into service, and
will pay due consideration to that argu
ment." I heartily -congratulate the Congress upon
tho steady progress In building up tha Ameri
can Navy. We eannot afford a' let-up In this
great -work. To stand still means to go
back. There should bo no cessation in add-
ing to tho effective units of the fighting
strength of the -fleet. Meanwhile the Navy
Department and the officers of the Navy are
doing well their part by providing constant
service at sea under conditions akin to those
of actual warfare. Our officers and enlisted
men are learning to handle the battleships,
cruisers and torpedo-boats with high effi
ciency In fleet and squadron formations, and
the standard ofinarkmanship is being stead
ily raised. The best work ashore Is indis
pensable, but the highest order of a naval
officer is to exercise command at sea.
The establishment of a naval base in the
Philippines ought not to be longer postponed.
Such a base Is desirable In time of peace
In time of war It would be indispensable, and
its lack would be ruinous. Without it our
fleet would be helpless. Our naval experts
are agreed that Sublg Bay is the proper
place for the purpose. The National Inter
ests require that the work of fortification
and development of a naval station at Sublg
Bay be begun at an early date, for under
the best conditions it Is a work which will
consume much time.
It Is eminently desirable, however, that
there should be provided a naval general
Btaff on lines similar to those of the General
Staff lately created for the Army". Within
the Navy Department Itself the needs of the
service have brought about a system under
xwhich the duties of a general .aff are par
tially performed, for the Bureau of Naviga
tion has under its direction tho War College,
the Office of Naval Intelligence and the
Board of Inspection, and has been in close
touch with the General Board of the Navy.
But though under tho excellent officers at
their head these boards and bureaus do good
tvork. they have not the authority of a -general
staff, and have not sufficient scope to
Insure a proper readiness for emergencies.
We need the establishment by law of a body
of trained officers, who shall exercise a sys
tematic control of the military affairs of tho
Navy, and be authorized advisers of the
secretary concerning it.
ISTHMIAN CXS&L.
Review of Dealings With Colombia and
Recent Events.
via act of June '28. '1802, tho" Congress
authorized the President to enter Into treaty
with Colombia for the building of tho canal
across the Isthmus of Panama, It being pro
vided that in the event of failure to secure
such treaty after the lapse of a reasonable
time, recourse should be bad to building a
canal through Nicaragua. It has not been
necessary to consider this alternative, as
am enabled to lay before the Senate a treaty
providing for the building of the canal across
the Isthmus of Panama. This was the route,
wnicn commenced iiseu 10 tne oeuoeraxe
Judgment of the Congress, and we can now
acquire oy treaty me ngnt to construct tne
canal over this route. The question now,
therefore, is not by which route the isthmian
canal shall be built, for that question has
been definitely and Irrevocably decided. The
question is simply whether or not we shall
have an Isthmian canal.
When the Congress directed that we should
take the Panama rpute under treaty with Co
lombia, the essence of the condition, of
'course, referred not to the government which
controlled that route, but to the route Itself;
to tho territory across which the route lay,
not to the name which for the moment the
territory bore on the map. The purpose of
the law was to authorize the President .to
make a treaty with the power In actual con
trol of the Isthmus of Panama. This pur
pose has been fulfilled.
Treaty With New Granada.
In the year 1840 this Government entered
into a treaty with New Granada, the prede
cessor upon the isthmus of the Republic of
Colombia and of the present Republic of
Panama, by which treaty it was provided
that the Government and citizens of the
United States should always have free and
open right of way or transit across the Isth
mus of Panama by any modes of communica
tion that might be constructed, while In re
turn our Government guaranteed the perfect
neutrality of the above-mentioned isthmus,
with the view that the free transit from the
one to the other sea might not be interrupted
or embarrassed. The treaty -vested In the.
United States a substantial property right
carved out of the rights of sovereignty ond
property which New Granada then had and
possessed over the said territory. The name
of New Granada has passed away and its
territory has been divided. Its successor, the
Government of Colombia, has ceased to own
any property in the Isthmus. A new republic,
that of Panama, which was at one time a
sovereign state, and at another time a mere
department of the successive confederations
known as New Granda and Colombia, has
now succeeded to the rights which first one
and then the other formerly exercised over
the Isthmus. But as long as the isthmus en
dures, the mere geographical fact of its ex
istence, and tho peculiar interest therein
which 1b required by our position, perpetuate
the solemn contract which binds the holders
of the territory. to respect our right to free
dom of transit across it, and binds us in re
turn to safeguard fcr the isthmus and the
world the exercise of that Inestimable privi
lege. The true interpretation of the obliga
tions upon which the United States entered
In this treaty of 1846 has been given re
peatedly Jin tho utterances of Presidents and
Secretaries of State. Secretary Cass, in 1S5S,
officially stated the position of this Govern
ment as follows:
Gates of Intercourse Must Be Open.
"The progress of events has rendered the
interoceanic route across the narrow portion
of Central America vastly important to the
commercial world, and especially to the
United States, whose possessions extend
along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and
demand the speediest and easiest modes of
communication. While the rights of sover
eignty of the states occupying this region
should always be respected, we shall expect
that these rights be exercised in a spirit be
fitting the occasion and the' wants and cir
cumstances that have arisen. Sovereignty has
Its duties as well as its rights, and none of
these local governments, even If administered
with more regard to the Just demands of
other nations than they have been, would be
permitted, in a spirit of Eastern isolation, to
close the gates of Intercourse on the great
highways of the world, and Justify the act
by the pretension that these avenues of
trade and travel belong to them and that
they choose to shut them, or, what is almost
equivalent, to encumber them with such un
just relations as would prevent their 'general
use."
Seven years later. In 1805, Mr. Seward in
different communications took the following
position:
"The United States have taken and will
take no Interest in any question of internal
revolution in the Stato of Panama, or any
state of the United States of Colombia, but
will maintain a perfect neutrality In connec
tion with such domestic altercations. The
United States will, nevertheless, hold them
selves ready to protect the transit trade
across the Isthmus against Invasion of either
domestic or foreign disturbers of "the peace
of the State of Panama. Neither the
text nor the spirit of the stipulation in that
article by which the United States engages
to preserve the neutrality of the Isthmus of
Panama Imposes an obligation on this Gov
ernment to comply with the requisition (of
the President of the United States of Colom
bia for a force to protect the Isthmus oS
Panama from a body of Insurgents of that
country). The purposo of the stipulation was
to guarantee the isthmus against seizure or
invasion by a foreign power only."
America Gave No Guarantee.
Attorney-General Speed, under date of No
vember 7, 18G5, advised Secretary Seward as
follows:
"From this treaty it cannot be supposed
that New Granada invited the United States
to become a party to the Intestine troubles of
that government, nor did the United States
become bound to take sides in the domestic
broils of New Granada. The United States
did guarantee New Granada in the sover
eignty and property over the territory. This
was as against other and foreign govern
ments." For -400 years, ever since shortly after the
discovery of this hemisphere, tho canal across
the Isthmus has been planned. For two score
years It has been worked at. When made
tt Is to last for the ages. It is to alter the
geography of a continent and the trade routes
of the world. We have shown by every treaty
we have negotiated or attempted to negotiate
with the peoples in control of the Isthmus
and with foreign nations in reference there
to our consistent good faith in observing our
obligations: on the one hand to the peoples
of the Isthmus, and on the other hand to the
civilized world whose commercial rights we
are safeguarding and guaranteeing by our
action. We have done our duty to others
in letter and In spirit, and we have shown
the utmost forbearance in exacting our own
rights.
Repudiation of Treaty by Colombia.
Last Spring, under the act above referred
to, a treaty concluded between the represent
atives of the Republic of Colombia and of
our Government was ratified by the Senate
Tils treaty was entered Into at the urgent
solicitation of the people of Colombia, and
after a body of experts appointed by Nur
Government especially to go into the matter
of the routes across the Isthmus had pro
nounced unanimously In favor of the Panama
route. In drawing up this treaty every con
cession was made to the people and to the
Government of Colombia. We were more
than Just in dealing with them. Our gener
osity was such as to moke Jt a serious ques
tion whether we had not gone too for in
their Interest at the expense of our ,own;
for In our scrupulous desire to pay all pos
sible heed, not merely to the real, but even
to the fancied rights of our weaker neighbor,
we yielded in all possible ways to her de
sires in drawing up the treaty. Nevertheless,
the Government of Colombia not merely re
pudiated the treaty, but repudiated it in
such manner as to make it evident by the
time the Colombian Congress adjourned that
not the scantiest hope remained of ever get
ting a satisfactory treaty from them. The
Government of Colombia made the treaty,
and yet when the Colombian Congress was
called to ratify it the vote against ratifica
tion was unanimous. It does not appear that
the government made any real effort to se
cure ratification.
Revolution in Panama
Immediately after the adjournment of the
Congress a revolution broke out in Panama,
The people of Panama had long been dis
contented with the Republic of Colombia, and
they had been kept quiet only by the pros
pect of the conclusion of the treaty, which
was to them a matter of vital concern. When
It became evident that the treaty was hope
lessly lost, the people of Panama rose liter
ally as one man. Not a shot was fired by a
single man on the Isthmus in the Interest of
the Colombian government. Not a life was
lost in the accomplishment of the revolution.
Tho Colombian troops stationed on the isth
mus, who had long been unpaid, made com
mon cause With the people of Panama, and
with astonishing unanimity the new republic
was started. The duty of the United States
in tho premises was clear. In strict accord
ance with the principles laid down by Secre
taries Cass and Seward in the official docu
ments above quoted, the United States gave
notice that It would permit the landing of
no expeditionary force, the arrival of which
would mean chaos and destruction along the
line of the railroad and of the proposed canal,
and an interruption" of transit as an inevitable
consequence. The de" facto Government of
Panama was recognized In tho following tele
gram to Mr. Ehrxnan:
The people of Panama have, by apparently
unanimous movement, dissolved their politi
cal connection with the Republic of Colom
bia and resumed their Independence. When
you are satisfied that a de facto government,
republican In form and without substantial
opposition from Its own people, has been es
tablished in the State of Panama, you will
enter Into relations with it as the responsible
government of the territory and look to "It
lor all due action to protect the persons and
property of citizens of the United States and
to keep open the Isthmian transit. In accord
ance with the obligations of existing treaties
governing the relations of the United States
to that territory."
Colombia Was Notified.
Tho Government of Cplombla was notified
of our action by the following telegram to
Mr. Beaupre:
"The people of Panama having, by an ap
parently unanimous movement, dissolved
their political connection with the Republic
of Colombia and resumed their independence,
and having adopted a government or their
own, republican In form, with which the
Government of the United States of America
has entered Into relations, the President of
the United States in accordance with the
ties of friendship which have so long and
so happily existed between the respective na
tions, most 'earnestly commends to the Gov
ernments of Colombia and of Panama the
Peaceful and eauit&hlA H1mriit of nil nntim-
i,Uons atlstufl between them. B hg that
f . . . .
ne is oouna not merely ay treaty odus&uobs,
but by the interests of civilization, to see
that the peaceful traffic of the world across
the. Isthmus of Panama shall not longer be
disturbed by- a constant succession of un
necessary and wasteful civil wars."
Disturbances oh Isthmus Since 184S.
When these events happened, ST years bad
elapsed since the United States had entered
into its treaty with New Granada, During
that time the governments of New Granada
J and of its successor, Colombia, have been in
a constant state of nux. The following is a
partial list of the disturbances on the Isth
mus of Panama during the period In ques
tion as reported to us oy our Consuls. It Is
not possible to give a complete list, and some
of the- reports that speak of "revolutions"
must mean unsuccessful revolutions.
May 22, 850 Outbreak; two Americans
killed; war vesel demanded to quell out
break. October. 1S50 Revolutionary plot to bring
about Independence of the Isthmus.
July 22, 1651 Revolution In four southern
provinces. '
November 14, 1851 Outbreak at Chagres;
man-of-war requested for Chagres.
June 27, 1653 Insurrection at Bogota, and
consequent disturbance on Isthmus; war ves
sel demanded.
May 23. 1854 Political disturbances; war
veisel requested.
June 28, 1S54 Attempted revolution.
October 24, 1854 Independence of Isthmus
demanded by provincial legislature.
April, 1S5U Riot and massacre of Ameri
cans. May 4, 1850 Riot,
May 18, 1856 Riot.
June 3, 1856 Riot
October 2. 1836 Conflict between two native
parties; United States forces landed.
December 18, 1858 Attempted secession of
Panama,
April, 1859 Riots.
September, I860 Outbreak.
October 4, 1860 Landing of United Slates
forces In consequence.
May 23, 1881 Intervention of the United
States forces required by intendente.
October 2. 1601 Insurrection and civil war.
April 4, 1862 Measures to prevent rebels
crossing isthmus.
June 13. 1862 Mosqucra's troops refused
admittance to Panama.
March. 1865 Revolution, and United States
troops landed.
August, 1803 Riots; unsuccessful attempt
to invade Panama.
March, I860 Unsucersful revolution.
April, 1807 Attempt to overthrow gov
ernment. August, 1667 Attempt at revolution.
July 5, 1S0S Revolution; provisional gov
ernment Inagurated.
August 29, 1S6S Revolution; provisional
government overthrown.
April, 1S71 Revolution; followed appar
ently by counter revolution.
April, 1873 Revolution and civil war
which lasted to October, 1S75.
August, 1876 Civil war which lasted un
til April. 1877.
July, 1878 Rebellion.
December. 1878 Revolt.
April, 1879 Revolution. . '
June, 1870 Revolution
March. 1883 Riot,
May, 1SS3 Riot,
June, 18S4 Revolutionary, attempt.
December, 1884 Revolutionary attempt.
January, 1385 Revolutionary disturb
ances. March, 1685 Revolution.
April, 1SS7 Dlsturbance-on Panama Rail
road. November, 1SS7 Disturbance on line of
canal.
January. 18S9 Riot.
January, 1895 Revolution which lasted
until April. .
March, 1895 Incendiary attempt.
October, 1899 Revolution.
February, 1900, to July. 1900 Revolution.
January. 1901 Revolution
July, 1901 Revolutionary disturbances.
September, 1901 City of Colon taken by
rebels.
March, 1902 Revolutionary disturbances.
July, 1902 Revolution.
The above Is only a partial list of the
revolutions, rebellions, insurrections, riots,
and other outbreaks that have occurred dur
ing the period in question: yet they num
ber 53 for the 57 years. It will be noted
that one of them lasted for nearly three
years beforo it was quelled; another for
nearly a year. In short, tho experience of
over harf a century has shown Colombia to
be utterly Incapable of keeping order on the
Isthmus. Only the active Interference of
the United States has enabled her to pro
serve so much as a semblance of sover
eignty. Had it not been for tho exercise
by tho United States of the police power
in her interest, her connection with tho
Isthmus would have been sundered long ago.
In J 850, In 1S60. in 1873, In 1885. in 1901,
and again in 1902, sailors and marines from
United States warships were forced to land
In order to patrol the isthmus, to protect
life and property, and to see that the transit
across the Isthmus was kept open. In 1861,
in 1SG2, in 18S5, and in 1900, the Colombian
Government asked that the United States
Government would land troops to protect
its Interests and maintain order on the
Isthmus. Perhaps the most extraordinary
request is that which has Just been received:
and which runs as follows:
Latest Proposition of Colombian Government
"Knowing that revolution has already com
menced in Panama (an eminent Colombian)
says that if tho Government of the United
States will land troops to preserve Colom
bian sovereignty, and the transit, if re
quested by Colombian char go d'affaires, this
Government will declare martial law; and.
by virtue of vested constitutional authority,
when public order is disturbed, will approve
by decree the ratification of the canal treaty
as signed: or. if the Government of tho
' United States prefers will call extra ses
sion oi tne congress witn new and rriena
ly members next May to approve tho
treaty. (An eminent Colombian) has the.
perfect confidence of vice-president, he says,
and if it became necessary will go to tho
Isthmus or send representative there to ad
just matters along above lines to tho sat
isfaction of the people there."
This dispatch Is noteworthy from two
standpoints Its offer of Immediately guar
anteeing tho treaty to us is in sharp con
trast with the positive and contemptuous
refusal of the Congress which has Just
closed its sessions to consider favorably
such a treaty; It shows that the Govern
ment which made the treaty really had ab
solute control over the situation, but did
not choose to exercise this control. The dis
patch further calls on us to restore order
and secure Colombian supremacy in the
iSthmus from which the Colombian Govern
ment has Just by Its action decided- to bar
us by preventing the construction ' of the
canal.
Importance of Control of Transit.
Tho control. In the interest of the com
merce and traffic of the whole civilized
world, of the means of undisturbed transit
across the Isthmus of Panama has becomo
of transcendent importance to the United
States. We have repeatedly exercised this
control by intervening in tho course of do
mestic dissension, and by protecting the ter
ritory from foreign invasion. In 1853 Mr.
Everett assured the Peruvian Minister that
wo should not hesitate to maintain tho neu
trality of the isthmus in the case of war
between Peru and Colombia. In 1864 Co
lombia, which has always been vigilant to
avail itself of Its privileges conferred by tho
treatyjexpressed its expectation that In the
event of wnr between Peru and Spain the
United States would carry into effect tho
guaranty of neutrality. Thero have been
few administrations of the Stato Depart
ment in which this treaty has not, cither
by the one side or the other, been used as a
basis of moro or less important demands.
It was said by Mr. Fish in 1S71 that the
Department of Stato had reason to believe
that an attack upon Colombian sovereignty
on the Isthmus had, on several occasions,
been averted by warning from this Govern
ment. In 18S0. when Colombia was under
tho menace of hostilities from Italy in the
Ccrrutl case, Mr. Bayard expressed the seri
ous concern that tho United States could
not but feel, that a European power should
resort to force against a sister republic of
this hemisphere, as to the sovereign, and
uninterrupted use of a part of whose ter
ritory we are guarantors under the solemn
faith of a treaty.
Pacts That Are Established.
The above recital of facts establishes be-
yond question: First, that the United States
has for over half a century patiently and
In good faith carried out its obligations un
der the treaty of 184C; second, that when for
tho first tlmo it became possible for Colombia
to do anything in requital of the services
thus repeatedly rendered to it for 57 years
by the United States, tho Colombian govern
ment peremptorily and offensively refused
thus to do Its part, even though to do so
would have been to its advantage and Im-
Avers
Whatwas themattewith this man ? Ask your
doctor. He will tell you that the man's blood
1 was impure. Just as soon as the Sarsaparilla
purified and enriched his blood he was en
tirely cured. See that your blood is pure.
Consult your own doctor about this.
$1.00 battle. Alldrarricte.
, measurably to the advantage of the State of
I Panama, at that time under its Jurisdiction;
tnira, mar. tarougnout tnis period revolutions,
riots and factional disturbances of every kind
have occurred one after the other in almost
uninterrupted succession, some of them last
ing for months and even .for years, while
the central government was unable to put
them down or to make peace with, the rebels;
fourth, that these disturbances instead of
showing any sign of abating have tended to
grow more numerous and more serious ik the
immediate past; fifth, that the control of
Colombia over the Isthmus of Panama could
not be maintained without the armed inter
vention and assistance of the United States.
In other words, the government of Colombia,
though wholly unable to maintain order on
the isthmus, has nevertheless declined to rat
ify a treaty the conclusion of which opened
the only chance to secure Its own stability
and to guarantee permanent peace on and
the construction of a canal across the isthmus.
Would Have Been Guilty of Folly.
Under such circumstances the Government
of the United States would have been guilty
of folly and weakness, amounting In their
sum to a crime against the Nation, had it
acted otherwise than it did when the revolu
tion of November 3 last took place in Pan
ama. This great enterprise of building the
interoceanic canal cannot be held up. to grat
ify the whims, or out of respect to the gov
ernmental Impotence, or to -the even more sin
ister and evil political peculiarities, of people
who, though they dwell afar off, yet, against
the wish of the actual dwellers on tho isth
mus, assert an unreal supremacy over the
territory- The possession of a territory
fraught with such peculiar capacities as the
Isthmus In question carries with it obliga
tions to mankind. Tho course of events has
shown that this canal cannot be built by
private enterprise, or by any other nation than
our own: therefore it must be built by the
United States.
Submission of Treaty With New Republic
Every effort has been made by the Govern
ment of the United Statese to persuade Co
lombia to follow a course which was essen
tial not only to our Interests and to the in
terests of the world, but to the interests of
Colombia Itself. These efforts have failed:
land Colombia, by her persistence In repulsing
the advances tnat nave neen maue, has lorcea
us for the sake of our own honor, and of the
Interest and well-being, not merely of our
own people, but of the people of the Isthmus
of Panama and the people of the civilized
countries of the world, to take decisive steps
to bring- to an end a condition of affairs which
had become intolerable. The new Republic of
Panama Immediately offered to negotiate a
treaty with us. This treaty I herewith sub
mit. By It our Interests are better safe
guarded than in the treaty with Colombia
which was ratified by the Senate at its last
session. It is better in Its terms than the
treaties offered to us by the Republics of Nic
aragua and Costa Rica. At last tho right to
begin this great undertaking Is made avail
able. Panama has done her part. All that
remains Is for the American Congress to do Its
part and forthwith this Republic will enter
upon the execution of a project colossal in Its
size and of well-nigh Incalculable possibili
ties for the good of this country and the na
tions of mankind.
Provisions of Treaty.
Bv the provisions of the treaty the United
States guarantees and will maintain the In
dependence of the Republic of Panama. There
Is granted to the United States In. perpetuity
the use, occupation and controH'of a strip
ten miles wide and extending three nautical
miles into the sea at either terminal, with all
lands lying outside of the zone necessary for
the construction of the canal or for Its auxil
iary works, and with the Islands in the Bay
of Panama. The cities of Panama and Colon
are not embraced in tho canal zone, but the
United States assumes their sanitation, and.
in case of need, the maintenance of order
therein: the United States enjoys within the
granted limits all the rights, power and au
thority which Tt would possess were It the
sovereign of the territory to the exclusion of
the exercise of sovereign rights by the Re
public All railway and canal property rights
belonging to Panama and needed for the
canal pass ta the United States, including
any property of the respective companies in
the cities of Panama and Colon; the works,
property and personnel of the canal and rail
ways are exefopted from taxation, as well in
the cities of Panama and Colon, as In the
canal zone and Its dependencies. Free immi
gration of the personnel and Importation of
supplies for the construction and -operation
of the canal are granted. Provision Is made
for the use of military force and the building
of fortifications by the United States for
the protection of the transit. In other details,
particularly as to the acquisition of the in
terests of the new Panama Canal Company
and the Panama Railway by the United States
and the condemnation of private property
for the uses of the canal, the .stipulations of
the Hay-Herran treaty are closely followed,
while the compensation to be given for these
enlarged grants remains the same, being $10,
000,000. payable on exchange of ratifications;
and, beginning nine years from that date, an
annual payment of $250,000 during the life
of the convention.
THEODORE ROOSEVSLT.
White House, December 7, 1903. '
AS VIEWED BY LONDON PRESS
Both Sides to the Fiscal" Controversy
Find Encouragement.
LONDON, Dec. 8. While President
Roosevelt's message to Congress Is ac
knowledged to be of universal interest to
the outside world, It evokes no striking
comment from the "London press. Both
sides of the fiscal controversy seize points
in it which they contend favors their par
ticular claims. Perhaps the part attract
ing tho most serious attention is the
, President's reference to the necessity for
creating a great mercantile marine.
The Standard refers to the entry of, the
United States upon a career of colonial
domain as "entailing heavy National ex
penditure, so that henceforth the problem
for the Government will likely ho not how
I to get rid of its automatic surpluses, but
how to maintain Its financial equilib
rium." The Dally Telegraph commends the
President's reference to the question of
dealing with trusts as "sound common
sense," and says his allusion to the set
tlement of the Alaskan boundary diffi
culty is "In the best of taste."
The Daily News views with some alarm
the entrance of the United States Into
world politics, and says:
"America Is fortunate in opening an ag
gressive diplomatic career with states
men as able as President Roosevelt and
Secretary of State Hay, but she will not
always bo so favored, and must prepare
her citizens for heavy burdens such as
Europe has to bear. American squadrons
will soon be rapidly multiplying In num
ber and strength. Let us hope the world's
peaceful Instincts will grow at tho. same
pace."
WOOD IS AGAIN NOMINATED.
President Regards His Promotion
and Others Technically Occurred.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 7. President
Roosevelt today sent to the Senate the
nomination of General Leonard Wood to
be a Major-General In the Army, and tho
nomination of 1G7 other army officers,
whose promotions depend on that of Gen
eral Wood. Accompanying these nomina
tions were those of about 25 civilian ap
plontees, including that of Dr. W. H.
Crum to be Collector of the Port of
Charleston, S. C, and some others whom
the President nominated In the last recess.
These appointments are considered by
the President and his advisers to bo re
cess appointments. The question of their
status has been discussed thoroughly by
the President with the best lawyers con
nected with the Administration and in
Congress. The conclusion has been reached
that between the time of the falling of
President Pro Tern. Frye's gavel signify
ing the conclusion of the extraordinary
session and the calling to order of the
Senate In the regular session of Congress
an appreciable lapse of time occurred. In
this time the appointments technically
Sarsaparilla
" I had a breaking out on my body and I
tried different remedies without relief. I
then tried Ayes Sarsaparilla, and before
I had taken half a bottle I was entirely
cured M. A."WalL Bentlev Creek. Pa.
J. O. -ayer Co., IiOwaU, SEasc.
"'S To sweeten, Dispels colds tm$ J
jBA To refresh, t headaches when 1
RfPilLJv To cleanse the 1 bilious or con- i
Iff "IfellfJ Effectually For men, women j
?! ISly)0 Gent,ly; and children; . I
m Bljiy There is only ' Acts best, on I
if P83l one Genuine the kidneys I
mj0mM Syrup of Figs; ' -and liver I
1 ficial enects . bowels; I ,
ifHjgp$ Always buy the genuine Manufactured by tie I
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hfcl, The genuine Syrup of Figs is for sale fry all first-class druggists. The M
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j printed on the front of every package. Price Fifty Cents per bottle.
were made. They are regarded by the Ad
mlnstratlon as recess appointments and
the appointees, therefore, will rgcelve the
pay and exercise all the authority of the
rank to which they are promoted.
The commissions of the Army officers
have been made out on this understanding.
All of them are dated back to the time
last Summer when the appointments orig
inally were made. Secretary Root and
Sccr'.tary Moody had a conference with
tho President today before the appoint
ments ware sent to the Senate. In the
matter of the appointments their views as
lawyers and as members of the Admfnis
tratlon coincide with that of the Presi
dent. With a view or securing a legal de
cision, however. Secretary Hoot has" au
thorized the Paymaster-General to make
a test case and bring It to the attention
of the Controller of the Treasury at the
earliest possible moment
"V nlle the nominations are dated to take
effect from the time the commissions were
first issued on the recess appointments,
it is the general opinion of members of
the Senate that the nominees will retain
their old rank until the nominations -are
confirmed, despite the fact that all of
the officers affected have been serving
for nearly three months under the ad
vanced rank and pay to which they will
bo entitled when confirmed. On this
meury, trenerai wqoa will cease as
Major-General, and will resume his rank
of Brigadier-General, and hold It until
n.e is coaurmeu in tne nigner rank. When
he Is confirmed, however, he will receive
a commission dated August S and ad
vanced pay will take effect from that '
time.
Notice has been given by the commit-'
tee to Senators Hanna and Teller, who
made the protests against the confirma
tion of General Wood to be Major-General,
that they must have all of their wit
nesses here before December 16, when
It is expected the investigation will be
closed. It Is believed by opponents of
General Wood that this order will havo
the effect of curtailing the extent of the
inquiry.
B. B. BICH CTJBI0 ST0BE.
For Christmas present for everybody at
money-saving prices. Upstairs, over B.
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TO CURE A COLD IX OJHE3 DAT
Take Laxative Dromo Quinine Tablets. All
druggists refund the money if It foils to cure
E. "W. drove's signature is on each box. 23c
The marvelous success of Hood's Sar
saparilla Is based upon tho cornerstone of
absolute merit
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THE POWER OP STEAM.
Many May See, bnt It Taken Genius
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Millions prior to him had seen the same
phenomenon and regarded Jt as an un
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Recent scientific research has put its
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Sold by leading druggists. Send 10c In
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Portland
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Mrs. H. Urtrln. residing at 1150 East Main street, says: "I am glad
to recommend Doan's Kidney Pills for r know they are a reliable 1UeuI
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. greatly disturbing my rest Learning about Doan's Kidney Pills I got
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EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS
I am proud of your success In my case.
I had doctored so much that I was dis
couraged. I am more than satisfied.
No traces of the blood poison since my
last letter. I have now been treating six
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Surely no worse caso of "'Weakness" ex
isted than mine, yet I am delighted to
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A certain doctor sent me to you, saying
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am now entirely well.
I have found you candid and straight
forward. Your treatment lias aurpassed
my expectations. Send unother supply,
care of my secretary, as before.
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"We cure Varicocele. Stricture. Kupture,
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' 2 5 OK Alder Street
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H i p life "B s idt M
g " JB lis --jM S3 Js St
Tt fiTTiiH'Tr'r ' ' -fr I
Ksai i::
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Proof!
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