THE MORNINO OKEGONIA27, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1903. -
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PORTLAND, TUESDAY, OCTOBER, 13.
EXTREMES OR THE MEAN T
The true philosopher of the time is"
the writer of fugitive verse. From this
crucible of white-hot endeavor come
forth as in endless procession the com
mon, thoughts of the day on all con
ceivable subjects, garnished with the
pleasing semblance of high comedy.
From one of the brightest of these
1 ephemeral effusions we gather that the
Tunny poet is remorselessly hostile to
"the man on the fence." Give him the
man who gives himself heart and soul
to a cause and stays with It, loyally
falthul to friend, loj'ally Implacable to
foe. It is a fitting paean of the strenu
ous life.
All the world loves a fignter. There Is
something inspiring even in the 1
bigotry lco.ul thatwill hear no ill
friencT, nowever true. it-may be, am
something inspiring even in the very
of a
and no
good of a foe. Perhaps we only love
' the more for his weakness the good
old Scotch Presbyterian who can see
'no good In priests or nuns, whatever
their piety or self-sacrifice. There is
something sublime in the audacity of
the slogan "My country, right or
wrong!" "We should not applaud the
husband who calmly weighed a busy
body's accusation against his wife's
honesty, or the boy who hears mother
or sister aspersed with high-minded
forbearance, lest there may be some
truth in the slander.
Loyalty, however, often proceeds
upon hypotheses that have no founda
tion In fact When truth conflicts with
pious zeal, what are we to do? The
Confederate armies were full of men
'"who were intellectually convinced of
fcthe untenability of slavery and seces
sion as permanent ideas; yet they
fought bravely. If they had investi
gated the topic dispassionately, as they
do today, their Judgment would have
agreed with the Judgment of history.
That judgment was right in 1861, how
aver, as in 1903., W,hat is abstract truth,
apparently. Is not always the truth for
us. It Is not Incumbent upon us to
agree with the man', who calls us a liar,
though we know he Is right. The iruer
the assertion, we are admonished; the
more grievous the libel.
Perhaps ythe solution of this puzzle Is
that whether we should take the un
reasonable extreme or the middle
ground of dispassionate and exact
truth, which . always lies somewhere
between the heated champions of either
?ide, depends upon what our part is in
Jie undertaking. There Is a judge on
the bench and a jury in the box; and
thereby is the task of the attorney for
the defense made much different from
what it would otherwise be. If we are
in the game as a fighter, it is our busi
ness to carrjT our point. If we-are there
as an umpire, we must look upon the
issueswith the coldly critical eye of
Impartiality.
The choice between an extreme and
the mean Is partly one of temperament
and partly one of calling. In literature
we have fierce disputants Froude in
Jlirf&s against Catholicism, Renan after
tditoa, Ruskin defending Turner.
Then we have the dispassionate critic
like Arnold or Taine. The truth about
religion is in Arnold; but the work for
religion has been done by the fighters.
Humanity, perhaps, loves the fighters
best Milton, Byron, Shelley, Carlyle.
"We admire the critic, we accept his
'Judgment, but we warm to the knight
with lance in rest, regarding the object
of his devotion, through love's refracted
rays, as perfect
It Is perhaps fitting, as It is certainly
inevitable, that mankind should resolve
Itself into the two departments of the
extremes and the mean. It is alto
gether by the unreasonable that we get
on. The man who can see both sides of
the case is not much good in battle or
in a lawsuit He who is blind to the
faults of his own cause or master, and
.blind to the virtues of his enemy, Is the
lly possible source of the Revolution
jpr the Reformation, the fall of the Em
pire, tne ireeuum ot tne siave. ills
stubborn breast alone Is equal to the
pangs of martyrdom and the perils of
battle. But this abandon of enthusiasm
Is as unfit for the judge or the critic as
it is fit for the fighter. No one Is fit
for criticism who is partial. No one Is
fit for love, war or politics who Is not
New Tork has the largest Jewish pop
ulation of all the states, with 500,000;
then come Pennsylvania and Illinois
jvith Massachusetts fourth with 60,000.
total Jewish immigration through
ports of New York. Philadelphia,
Baltimore for the past twelve years
has been 761,598, and during the past
year 58,079 arrived at the port of New
York alone. Among: these, were 30,536
Russian, 18,113 Austrian, 8314 Rouman
ian, and only 527 German 'Jews. The
total Jewish population of the United
States Is now 1,127,268, while there are
only 276,614 In the British Empire.
- "LABOR" IX A NEW PHASE.
A tremendous amount of discussion is
supplied by books, newspapers and
magazines these days to the old prob
lem of labor and capital, along very fair
and practical lines. The general drift
of the advice freely tendered to both
sides in this perpetual conflict is to get
together; and we have many plans for
co-operation between masters and men
through their f various organizations.
Thus writes John Graham Brooks in
Collier's Weekly:
Given a National organization of employers
to act with the federation of unions, and the
most threatening excesses of Individual and
local demands would be curbed. The real
danger point is now in Ihe rashness of the
local labor union or the p'lgheadedness of cer
tain employors. Organisation lessens both
these evlle. .... We never shall get real
ly effective arbitration and the consequent
education which goes with It until the labor
organization is met by employers' organiza
tion. The worst phases of arbitrary power
In both are thus put In check.
There is a good deal In what Mr.
Brooks says, but? the advice is at this
time almost valueless. In the first
place, he is wrong in the minor detail
of making this diplomatic engagement
between labor and capital too wide In
scope. Many departments of Industry
are handled better by local authorities
on both sides than by a National or in
ternational body. In the best unions
now the powers of the National organi
zation In wage negotiations has been
restricted till It Is merely nominal.
In the second place, it is a great mis
take for Industries not closely allied to
interfere in each other's field. The less
that clgarmakers have to say about
bricklayers the better. Each union can
run its own affairs better by itself. It
is the same way with employers. Lum
ber mills rarely do master builders any
good by butting Into a carpenters'
strike. Too great extension of organi
zation is also perilous in Its encourage
ment of sympathetic strikes and sym
pathetic lockouts. It is organization
run to seed. Another danger is the fo
menting of class hatreds Mr. Parry's
National Association of Manufacturers
has a regrettable tendency in this di
rection. We should be careful of pro-,
voklng th idea that the rich are band
ing together against the poor.
But the principal difficulty with the
proposition of amicable joint negotia
tion between employers' unions and em
ployes' unions is that just now the
country Is In no mood. for it The ad
vice Mr. Brooks gives was pertinent
and timely a year ago; now it is irrele
vant The mood of the country then
was friendly to the unions and disposed
to give them a fair trial. The temper of
the country now is to give them a set
back. Testimony is universal that busi
ness men all over the country are
alarmed at the advancing demands of
tha unions, and are rapidly coming to
the conclusion that sooner or later a
stand must be made which will teach
the unions a much-needed lesson. The
anthracite award has made many labor
leaders "cocky." The elevation of such
men as Parks fills all thoughtful ob
servers with dread.
There Is only one thing which can
prevent a very general resistance to the
demands of organized labor next Spring
a resistance which might easily in
volve the cessation of a large fraction
of manufacturing operations In the
United States. That one preventive is
the most cautious and reasonable policy
on the part of the unions. If the open
ing of the building season next Spring
Is made the signal for fresh advance in
wages all along the line; if the Presi
dential election Is thought by railroad
men or miners a good time to force con
cessions through the political ambitions
of leading Republicans then the cause
of organized labor in the United States
will provoke a struggle which may
easily prove its Waterloo.
FRANCE AND ITALY
NATURAL
ALLIES.
Tomorrow afternoon the King and
Queen of Italy will arrive in Paris and
be welcomed by President Loubet and
his wife, the President of the Senate,
the President of the Chamber of Depu
ties and other high officials of the
French Republic Victor Emmanuel,
King of Italy, is 33 years of age, and
has not yet been three years upon the
throne. He is physically of? short stat
ure and of slight frame compared with
his grandfather, the warlike Victor
Emmanuel, and his father, Humbert,
but he Is described as a man of re
markable endurance, a man of nerve
and stern, resolute temper. At 18 he
was a keen soldier and exacting disci
plinarian. He Is naturally so haughty
and self-willed that when he was In his
26th year, in 1896, his father. King
Humbert, sentenced him to a month's
confinement in a fortress for. upbraid
ing the famous Minister Crlspl after the
disaster of the battle of Adowa, where
7000 Italian soldiers were slaughtered
by the army of King Menelik of Abys
slnia.
The same year the Prince married
Princess Helene of Montenegro, who
had originally been destined by Alex
ander III of Russia as the wife of his
eldest son, the present Czar. But the
present Czar, refused to be dictated to
In such matters, and "married a grand
daughter of Queen Victoria, Princess
Allx of Hesse. The marriage of Prince
Victor to the Princess Helene resulted
In drawing the Russian and Italian
courts together In bonds of friendly in
timacy, as the father of the present
Queen of Italy was described by Alex
ander III of Russia as "the only friend
he had in Europe."
Prince Victor was not popular, but as
King Victor he has made himself felt
as. a man of strong will and alert In
telligence. His father was a dashing
cavalry leader, but politically he was a
mere figurehead of state. The son, the
present King of Italy, talks and acts
like a man of masterful temper, who
means not only to lead, but control.
He Is, by virtue of his sovereignty, the
working head of the army and navy;
he can select his own Minister and
practically compel him to resign; he
can dissolve or prorogue Parliament at
discretion; he can personally Inteffere
with the pardon of a criminal, and
when order Is menaced he can Issue de
crees that have the force of law. He
has the domblned powers of an Amer
ican President and an English Premier,
and he holds them for life. The Inti
mation that the visit of the King of
Italy to Paris may seriously affect the
triple alliance is probably at least a
wish that is father to the thought.
France, not Austria, Is the natural ally
of Italy. The commercial relations of
the two countries are close and satis
ms.
factory; they are both of the Latin race
and bound together by many glorious
historical associations. The greatest
soldiers of France In modern times
were of Italian birth and breeding.
Among French statesmen, Mazarln,
Mlrabeau and Gambetta were of Italian
lineage. The first emancipation of the
Italian States from the oppression of
petty despots was accomplished by the
armies of republican France under Na
poleon. The foundation of the modern
kingdom of Italy began with the de
feat of Austria at Solferlno In 1859 by
the army of France. The genius - of
France and Italy has always blended
more or less In the history of modern
art, and especially In that of music, for
Cardinal Mazarln brought Italian opera
first to France, and the famous Italian
musician, Lully, was an ornament of
the French court of the reign of Louis
XIV.
Geographically France and Italy are
natural military allies, whose fortified
mountain frontier could defy the ut
most efforts of Germany and Austria
united. There is a community of ele
gant tases and manners between the
French and Italian peoples that pre
vails between them and no other people
In Europe. Nothing but the fact that
Napoleon HI was false to the cause of
young Italy, while Bismarck was astute
enough to make her his ally and bene
ficiary In the Prussian-Austrian War
of 1866 lost France the sympathy and
support of Italy In the Franco-German
War. Italy and France are natural
allies, while Austria Is the hereditary
enemy of both Italy and France. It
would not be surprising If on the death
of the venerable Emperor of Austria
the triple alliance should collapse and
be replaced by a very good understand
ing between Italy, France and Russia.
THE NAVAL STRENGTH OP JAPAN.
An able English writer on interna
tional naval affairs, Archibald Hurd,
contributes to the current number of
the 'North American Review a timely
article on the growing naval power of
Japan. The ships of this navy were
built mostly in England; the officers
and men have been trained in British
men-of-war, or in naval colleges and
schools controlled by British naval offi
cers. The first. steam vessel possessed by
the Japanese was a small steam yacht
presented to the Emperor by Queen
Victoria In 1858. Japan had no navy a
quarter of a "century ago, but today her
fleet is one of the dominating powers
of the far East and Includes some of
the finest and most powerful ships In
the fleets of the world. This fighting
fleet of Japan nominally dates from
1877, but for several years the advance
to the construction of a large fleet
made little progress. But Japan un
derstood early that organization and
systematic modern training for officers
and men were the first essentials, so
Japan sent her officers to English gun
nery and torpedo schools at Ports
mouth, obtained sea training and ex
perience for them on English battle
ships. Then Japan founded home train
ing establishments and borrowed offi
cers from the British navy to Instruct
them In English methods. The present
Vlce-Admlral Douglas In the '70s In
structed the fleet of Japan, and became
director of the Imperial Naval College
at Toklo. Admiral Douglas was as
sisted by Vlce-Admlral Wilson, and as
late as 1893 Japan retained the services
of Admiral Ingles as naval adviser.
In her war of 1894-95 with China.
Japan had few good fighting vessels
and not a single modern armored ship,
but she won easily by the daring, abil
ity and judgment of the officers and the
splendid courage of the crews. This
victory over the more powerful fleet of
China was the beginning of the present
fine navy of Japan, for when Russia,
Germany and' France declared that
Japan must release her hold on Port
Arthur, which she had captured, Japan
was obliged to obey. The Russian sol
diers at once, occupied the barracks
built at Port Arthur by Japan. The
mortification felt by Japan because of
this surrender of the spoils of victory
to superior force roused the whole peo
ple to a resolve to build a fleet which
should be capable of meeting any prob
able combination of enemies. As soon
as this war with China was over. In
1895, Japan ordered built In England
four first-class battleships and six first
class cruisers, soheavlly armored and
carrying so many big guns as to be
battleships only in name. Japan built
these ships out of the heavy war In
demnity paid by China. At the conclu
sion of the war Japan's whole fleet
displaced only 80,000 tons; today the
aggregate displacement Is over 250,000
tons. The navy of Japan today con
sists of six first-class battleships, one
second-class balttleship, two armored
cruisers of the first class, ten protect
ed cruisers of the second class (with
two building), eight protected cruisers
of the third class (with one building),
nine unprotected cruisers, one torpedo
vessel, seventeen torpedo-boat destroy
ers and sixty-seven torpedo-boats
(with eighteen others in process of con
struction). ,
Of course, while Japan since 1895 has
been creating her war fleet, Russia has
not been idle, but has hurried from
Europe every new ship' that has been
finished. But not content with her ex
istlng fleet, Japan has decided to add
to her navy In the next six years ships
enough to neutralize the additions that
Russia may make to her naval forces
In the far East In the near future. Not
only has Japan created this fleet in
less than ten years, but the officers and
men are adequately trained. The war
vessels are navigated with consummate
skill; they are kept as clean as British
and American ships of war. The men
who compose the crews are largely
drawn from her fishing population, men
who know the sea and love It and so
intelligent that they quickly acquire
sufficient mechanical skill to enable
them to master the complex mechanism
of a modern ship of war. These Japan
ese sea fighters face danger with the
stoicism of a fatalist A Japanese war
vessel is as formidable In Its armament
in the skill, courage and discipline of
its officers and crew, as any American
or British warship. By native endow
ment the Japanese in naval and mili
tary affairs have not only the imitative
but the Initiative faculty. Already the
arsenals of Japan are capable of build
ing protected cruisers and torpedo
craft The gun factory and armor
plate factory will soon be ready to be
gin work, and then Japan will be able
ttfaispense with the "assistance of her
English naval instructors and con
structors. Whether the Japanese mind saw it
first or -their English friends pointed
out the obvious teaching of history,
their government may justly claim
credl for observing that Japan In Its
insular situation, its area and popu
lation, closely resembles Great Britain.
Jasan ouickly saw that the force of
circumstance, which had led Great Brit
ain to rely for trade on a great mer
cantile marine and for defense, mainly
on her fleet applied to the case of
Japan with equal urgency. Japan has
created a great mercantile marine, has
constructed a formidable -navy, and is
already moving to build a yet greater
war fleet While her total war strength
of all classes now numbers 632,000 men,
her regular troops In time of peace do
not exceed 200,000 men, and It -would
be sound policy for Japan to follow the
example of Great Britain and the
United States and concentrate her at
tention on her fleet As a sea' power
Japan can make herself most formida
ble Jor defense of her own coast and
devastation of that of an enemy. With
only 45,000,000 of people, Japan cannot
hope to maintain a huge army, such
as France, Russia and Germany have
today, but there Is no reason why Japan
cannot create a navy capable of mak
ing her the dominating sea power on
the Asiatic coast, for she Is nearer her
base of naval construction and supply
than any of her probabfe foes. The
necessity Is pressing, for in any strug
gle Japan would stand alone, since
Great Britain's treaty only requires her
to prevent any other power or powers
joining riands against Japan.
Mrs. Eddy has a formidable competl
torin running a religjous fad and piling
up converts and shekels In its name in
John Alexander Dowle, of Zionist fame.
It was lately announced that the head
of the Zionist movement in Chicago
would soon start to New York on a
money-getting crusade, and that large
sums have already been pledged In sup
port of his cause in Gotham. The
amount that he will call upon the vis
ionaries of New York to supply Is the
modest sum of $50.000,000 figures that
make Mrs. Eddy's $500,000 temple in
Boston and her palatial home In Con
cord look somewhat insignificant by
contrast Not content with his work in
this country, Dowle is preparing to In
vade England, India, Japan, China and
Australia with his scheme of salvation,
upon which, like Mrs. Eddy, in the
matter of Christian Science, he claims a
patent right The contest between the
two for notoriety in the great realm, of
religious assumption the one a woman
with dominant spirit and an Inexhaust
ible fund of egotism, who secludes her
self in her castle and exacts tribute of
her followers, the other a man of
equally dominant mind, who eagerly
shows himself to all the world and de
mands its tithes Is one that will be
watched with curiosity. The credulity
and impressibility of mankind In mat
ters that pertain to the unknown are
well illustrated In this sharp competi
tion for evangelical honors, of which
the lowly and long-suffering Nazarene
Is made the basis and credulous hu
manity the cheerful dupe.
There Is an interest that extends be
yond church circles in the late comple
tion of its semicentennial of the Pres
byterian Church at Corvallis. .A cele
bration of a half century's work was
due upon the fiftieth anniversary of the
organization of this church the second
Presbyterian Church that was estab
lished in the Pacific Northwest This
was held on the 14th of last month by
a company of celebrants 200 strong, to
whom the names of the five original
charter members are scarcely known.
The unwritten work of the organization
during the half-century of Its existence
is beyond computation. Its visible en
deavor consists in the usual events in
the life of a church. Of sermons bright
and dull; of church choirs that dlS'
pensed melody to the people and quar
reled among themselves; of weddings
and christenings jnd funerals and "so
clables. Of these events and features
of church work the records carry some,
memqry carries some and some are for
gotten. But all went Into the warp
and woof of community life, making for
the most part bright spots in the woven
fabric that are being slowly faded by
time.
The trusting widow who gives the
savings of her Industry to a man whom
she expects to marry. In order that he
may get well established in business
before that joyous event will probably
continue to report to the DOlIce in vari
ous cities of the country indefinitely.
Along with aged parents who. sign
away their property to children in con
slderatlon of a verbal promise to "take
care of them as long as they live," the
credulous widow who turns over her
purse to her suitor is entitled to such
pity as Is due to the credulous and the
simple-minded whose ears are dull to
the voice of warning. Mrs. Lucy Batv.
of Sari Francisco. Is the latest claimant
for pity on the last score, her promised
-3 1. M it.- i .
iiusuuiiu u. ucacner xruiu me Army at
Fort Stevens having disappeared with
5600 Which she permitted him to draw
from the bank In order to "engage in
business.
Madame Loubet is the first French
President's wife who has officially
joined equally with her husband In the
matter of public honors to visiting sov
ereigns of Europe. .Among the reasons
for the comparative exclusion hitherto
of the wives of the Presidents Is named
the fact that Madame Grevy, during
the Presidency of whose husband much
of the ceremonial was arranged, and
royalties commenced once more to fre
quent the French capital, was a woman
who had been a domestic-servant some
time prior to Grevy's election as Chief
Magistrate, and he married her for the
purpose of legitimizing their daughter,
to whom he was devoted.
General Early, of the Confederate
army, was a man of wit as well as
valpr. It Is related of him that Gen
eral "Stonewall" Jackson on(e sent him
the following note:
To General Early. Commanding Division.
General: General Ja:kson's compliments lo
General Early, and he would like to be In
formed why he saw so many stragglers In rear
of your division today.
General Early promptly replied:
General Early's compliments to General Jack
son, and he takes pleasure in informing him
that he saw so many stragglers In rear of my
division today, probably because he rode in
rear of my division.
One of Benedict Arnold's sons became
a Lieutenant-General In the British
army; another was a Captain in the
army, and Benedict Arnold's grandson
was rector of Barrow, England, and
owns the landxgrant given "Arnold near
Toronto, which has become very valua
ble.
There Is some ground for thinking
that the New York politicians described
by the abbreviate Dem.-Rep; should
have the name lengthened by the Inser
tion of an "1" In the middle.
The Earl of Denbigh, now In this
country with the visiting Ancient and
Honorable Artillery of London, Is one
of the thirty or more Catholic peers of
England.
CHAMBERLAIN AND THECAMPANUE
'Chicago Tribune.
As he adorns his every day coat with an
orchid on its lapel, Joseph Chamberlain
embellished an essay in political economy
with a charming figure of rhetoric.
In the Glasgow speech outlining his new
fiscal programme Mr. Chamberlain re
called the solidity of the majestic bell
tower of Venice as he had seen It sub
stantial Enough, apparently, to last
through the aces. Only a few months
later the weakness of its foundation
brought It down." "I do not say," he
added, "that I anticipate such a fate for
the British Empire, but I see signs of de
cay, cracks, and crevices."
The parallel Is perfect; yet a fundament
al truth escaped detection by its author.
For the disintegration of the Campanile
and the partial decline of British com
mercial supremacy are due to an identical
cause, to natural forces, which, in the
one case, no artistic skill could have fore
seen, and In the other, no fiscal system
could have arrested. Ceaseless tides dis
located by abrasion the submarine strata
upon which the throne of the Queen of
the Adriatic rested. Discovery, exploration,
invention, arrival of the mechanical age,
the ceaseless vibration of the earth, and
the progress of nations In arts and
sciences caused the cracks and crevices
which it 4s convenient for Mr. Chamber
lain's political ambition to aggrandize
Into an impending collapse of the British
empire.
Her every Inlet a harbor, her forests
yearning to be translated ' Into keels,
her "splendid Isolation," and adventurous
blood from the north, commingled with
the lawmaking traditions of another strain
of her people, combined to foreordain that
England should be In thr commerce of the
Western world a pioneer and organizer
greater than Venice .herself had been In
the trade of the East Her-wooden walls
were adequate for defense and defiance,
while her prows were unchallenged In the
seas over whose bosom she bore repre
sentative Institutions and the rudiments
of Industry- While she remained able to
feed her temlng population without for
eign help her primacy was secure. The
first crevice In Its base ought to have
been discerned in the decline of her agri
culture and the extension of wheat grow
ing In the United States. '
In the early part of the reign of Queen
Victoria the home and foregn supply of
wheat was the proportion of two-thirds
to one-third. Today England Imports more
than three-fourths of her food supply. A
recent semi-official Inquiry Into the danger
of famine In case of war almost Instantly
calmed a resentful temper toward Russia.
The second crack In the commercial
campanile of the empire should have been
prognosticated In the inevitable diminution
of the native coal deposits. An undoubted
ly serious fissure appeared when steel and
Iron succeeded wood in naval construc
tion, and England, long "the workshop
of the world," found that, although still
boasting the greatest tonnage, the British
average annual Increase has fallen by 20
per cent, while the foreign average annual
Increase had advanced by 320 per cent Still
her shipping trade Is as large as that of
almost all other maritime nations put to
gether. The gradual passing of raw material
from British legislative coptrol Is another
seeming rent In her commercial strength.
At one time the manufacture of crude Iron
was almost a British monopoly. It was the
opinion of Sir Lowthian Bell only 25 years
ago that any advantage which foreign
countries have acquired in the production
of steel and iron was more than met by
the greater proximity of British coal and
ore, "and by the greater convenience of
export afforded by our Insular position."
Today a restriction in output in some of
the British coal fields Is necessary to
maintain prices. Today this country not
only leads In coal production but-produces
pig Iron In a quantity exceeding the com
bined output of England, Germany and
Belgium.
For her chief textile Industries England
Is dependent on foreign raw material, but
the most alarming breach In her commer
cial tower Is the consciousness that the
accumulation of American capital Is able
io dictate prices of raw materials essen
tial to her home looms and forges.
Notwithstanding the cracks and crevices
In her campanile there Is little justifica
tion for the sinister prediction by Mr.
Chamberlain that England's empire Is In
peril. Never before were her savings
banks so full, her pauper classes relative
ly so small, her health rate so high, her
schools so numerous, her population, as a
whole, so thrifty, prosperous and content
ed. Mr. Chamberlain's fiscal programme
Is, In a sentence, that the colonies shall
furnish food to the United Kingdom and
that England shall supply the colonies
with manufactures. But the treasures of
the earth, the scope and independence of
science, and the breadth of the oceans
render so pent up a scheme a commercial
anachronism.
Itbvr They Felt.
From "Four Years With Marse Robert"
He was a student at the University of
Virginia In the Spring of '61, and perhaps
the most extreme and uncompromising
"Union man" among all the young men
gathered there. Indeed, so exaggerated
were his anti-secession views and so bold
'and aggressive was he In advocacy of
them that he became very unpopular, and
his friends feared serious trouble and even
bloody collision. The morning President
Lincoln's proclamation appeared he had
gone down town on personal business be
fore breakfast, and while there happened
to glance at a paper. He returned at once
to the university, but not to breakfast;
spoke not a word to any human being,
packed his trunk with his belongings, left
a note for the chairman of the faculty
explaining his conduct boarded the first
train for Richmond and joined a military
company before going to his father's
house or taking so much as a morsel of
food.
What was the overwhelming force which
thus In a moment transformed this splen
did youth? Was It not the God-Implanted
Instinct which Impels a man to defend
his own hearthstone?
There were S96 students at Harvard In
1S61, there were C01 at the University of
Virginia. Why was it that but 73 out of
the S96 Joined the first army that Invaded
the South, while largely over half of the
604 volunteered to meet the Invaders? It
was manifestly this Instinct of defense of
home which gave to the 'Confederate ser
vice, from '61 to '65, more than 2000 men
of our university, of whom It burled in
soldiers' graves more than 400; while but
1010 Harvard men served In the armies and
navies ot the United States during the
four years of the war, and of these only
155 lost their lives in the service.
Here, then, we have the essential, the
distinctive spirit of the Southern volun
teer. As he has hastened to the front in
the Spring of '61, he felt: "With me Is
Right, before me is Duty, behind me is
Home."
Bnllmle of n Mnprdnlen.
W. F. Kirk In Milwaukee Sentinel.
Some bars there be that the felons shake
Bars In the dungeon, gaunt and gray;
Easy to rattle and hard to break.
Grim and unyielding guardians they.
Tilt the ages bid them to be the prey
Of the Worm that turncth all things to dust.
Bars of the world, that diock my way
These are the bars that will never rust!
Ere the martyr went to the torturing .stake.
By ponderous bars he was held at bay;
But the scantiest tqll was theirs to take
For the Jailer came at the break of day
And a saint walked forth from the cell to
pray.
While the barriers crumbled as barriers must.
Bars of the world, that block my way
Thete are the bars that will never rust!
Strong are the bars where the madmen wake
The echoes with riotous roundelay
Where mumbllns maniacs strive to make
Their exit, eager to gouge and slay;
But the rivets yield and the bolts decay'
Neath the steady siege of the Worm's fierce
lust;" , v
Bars of the world, that block my way
These aro the bars that wllV never rust!
ENVOY.
Prince, with a curse the price I pay
With a curse, a sob and a dagger thrust.
Bars of the world, that block my way
These are the bars that will never rust!
CANADA'S BASELESS PRETENSIONS
l Chicago Jnter Ocean.
One of the strongest points made before
the Alaskan Boundary Commission was
that presented by Jacob M. Dickinson on
Tuesday. In discussing the controversy
as to the Portland canal line he said:
The American contention is the usual, sim
ple, natural and consistent method of de
termining the boundary. jWhlle Great Brit
ain's -contention arbitrarily changes the di
rection ot the line through the canal to the
56th parallel, and introduces a new direction
In the boundary line, unprovided for in theJ
treaty, and which, instead of carrying the
line direct to the SOth parallel, only seven
miles distant, carries the line CO miles to the
coast before reaching that parallel.
. This Is clear and within the compre
hension of any man who looks at ' the
map and who has read the treaty of 1S25.
It . is not a question for lawyers or ex
perts, but for the average man who has
eyes to see and read.
Tlje treaty of 1S25 says:
Commencing from the southernmost point
of the Island called Prince of Wales Island,
which point lies in the parallel of 54 degrees
40 minutes north latitude, and between the
131st and 133d degrees of west longitude, the
said .line shall ascend to the north along the
channel called Portland channel as far as
the joint of the continent where it strikes
th Sttth degree of north latitude.
There Is no chance for controversy here
except In the phrase "between the 131st
and 133d degree of west longitude." This
appears ambiguous, but a glance at the
map shows there are two southern points
to Prince of Wales Island, and that It
does not matter from which point the
boundary starts, as far as the Portland
canal line Is concerned.
The- Canadians contended, at first, that
the treaty did not mean Portland canal,
because that channel did not strike the
55th degree of north latitude, but that
the treaty must refer to Behm canal,
which extends to the north 40 miles west
of Portland canal.
This would, have given Canada a slice of
American territory 100 miles long by 40
miles wide, on a contention so preposterous
as to deceive no one. When It was pointed
out that the "It" that the treaty said
should strike the 56th degree of north
latitude was the boundary line, and not
the Portland canal, the contention was
abandoned.
However, as Mr. Dickinson said on Tues
day, Great Britain endeavored to secure
another slice of American territory by ar
bitrarily changing the direction of the line
.from north from the head of Portland
canal to due east' to Behm canal. This
was done, not because the language of the
treaty permitted such a change, but so
that ihe contention of Canada as to a
boundary line from the head of Behm
canal might be presented.
There Is absolutely no basis for this
claim In the treaty. Furthermore, there
is specific and distinct denial of It in the
negotiations leading up to the treaty. Sir
Charles Bagot. the British representative
negotiating the treaty of 1825, made three
proposals as to the boundary line on the
south.
The first was to go up Chatham strait
and Lynn canal to Skagway; the second
to the north of Prince of Wales Island;
the third up Clarence strait between
Prince of Wales Island and the main
land. All were rejected by Russia, and
the line, from Portland canal north was In
sisted upon by Russia to keep England
from the sea.
Dr. Johnson's London.
Manchester Guardian.
The end of last week saw the 194th an
niversary of Dr. Johnson's birth, and It
is of interest to record the places In
which he lived that still survive the
changes, especially those of this particu
larly devastating year. In Gough Square,
off Fleet street a hive of printers and
bookbinders, there . Js a plain-looking
brick building in which Johnson com
pleted the labors of his dictionary. He
had chambers In Staple Inn In Holborn,
and that fine old relic, thanks to the
taste and generosity of an Insurance
company, still remains as it was when
Johnson had berries for dessert from the,
little trees in the court, which I notice
have a peculiarly thick crop thls-Autumn.
No. 7 Johnson's Court, where the doctor
for some time lived, has been swept
away within the past few months; his
Inner Temple, Lane house, was demol
ished long ago. but hrs name Is perpetu
ated In a stack of stone buildings. There
are still two or three taverns In Fleet
street which are said to have been fre
quented by the great tea-drinker. One
of these, in Mitre Court, has, by a pretty
irony of fate, become the Scottish tav
ern of the district. It is called the
"Cllachan." and Its exterior is aggressive
in tartans. It is, I am told. In the oft
season the headquarters of the Scottish
professional football players who serve
the clubs of the Saxon. The other more
famous one Is the Cheshire Cheese, near
the site of Goldsmith's house (which was
demolished the other week) In Wine Office
Court This tavern still holds to ancient
sawdusty ways. It has English waiters,
and among Its specialties Is lark pie. One
pleasant afternoon four years ago this
delicacy was enjoyed here by a luncheon
party composed of Mr. and Mrs. Cham
berlain, and Mr. and Mrs. Asqulth, so
that It will be seen that Its fame is not
entirely confined to Fleet street and the
United States. There are several other
taverns near the Temple which pretend
to a connection with Dr. Johnson, but
experts have dealt hardly with them.
Johnson's favorite resort "The Devil's
Tavern," in which the Apollo Club had
Its meetings, departed this street many
years ago, and Child's Bank stands in its
stead.
Indifference to Macedonian Horrors.
New York Evening P.o6t
More disheartening than the Mace
donian atrocities is the Indifference with
which they are received by the civilized
world. Mr. Bryce's Balkan Committee
hardly stirs the surface of British emo
tion; Mr. Balfour calmly weighs the
"balance of criminality" between the
Turk3 and the revolutionists. Unless It
be M. Jaures, no potent voice has been
raised in behalf of those desperate bands
whose heroism, at least, should stir our
colder blood. Our grandfathers spoke
fearlessly for the Greeks; the Christian
world looked on with absorbing Interest
at the apparently hopeless fight, and sup
plied the sinews of war. The messages
of Monroe and John Qulncy Adams
abound In expressions of sympathy. Can
ning In England and Edward Everett and
Webster in America were worth battalions
to the patriots, and Byron's death an al
liance. Was this old-time generosity only
sentimental merely a tribute to the
former glory of Hellas, and not to the
hardy mountaineers who were winning
back their land? Are we Indifferent to
the Bulgarians ot Macedonia, to whom
moral support wquld be valuable and
money to buy arms and ammunition pos
sibly a means of liberation, because their
history Is less gloribus than that of the
Greeks? It is a question for the future
historian to decide. His decision will
hardly, be In favor of a generation which
has had Its generous instincts commercial
ized to a point where even magnanimity
of utterance seems an unwarrantable ex
travagance. Plnyinjr Billiard With Mirrors.
Answers, London.
The way in which billiard playjng Is
simplified by the device of a Munich pro
fessor has astonished those who have wit
nessed the test.
The sides of an, ordinary billiard table
are provided with six mirrors, one or more
of which can be turned down when a
stroke Is made, and the advantage rests in
the fact that any Image is reflected at the
same angle in which It falls on the mirror,
just as the billiard ball rebounds from the
cushion In the same angle as that of
striking. The mirror shows at once the
different ways In which a shot can be
made. Even the tyro is said to make
difficult Indirect shots as, readily as direct
ones, and the Intricacies of the game are
quickly conquered by anybody.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The Browns en the Grid.
The rain it Just kept dribbling and J. Pluvlus
wouldn't hear
The prayers the fans kept mixing with groan
and sigh and tear;
He'd turn, his head toward 'Frisco and let
the drawstring fall:
So thd rain it Just kept dribbling and the
fans were shy on ball.
Then the fans they got disgusted and sent up
an awful yell:
"We'll cut out the bloomin' rain god and let
him go to 'Frisco,
But the Browns are on a salary, and we'll
utilize them all,
We'll Just change the nine to 'leven. and
make them play football.
"For center we've got Ike Butler, he's big and
strong and tall.
He'll keep the best a-guessln' when about to
pass the ball.
Ike Francis, he Is short and stout, a guard of
power he'll be.
For a mate to him Vess Loucks now beat
that trinity.
As tackles are strategic, and the key points
In the line.
They must be strong and active and have the
game down fine.
One tackle then'U be Andy, the other tow-
erlng Mac,
They'll advance the ball for yardage, or drop,
plays In their track.
The ends must both be crackerjacks, 'bout
that there's no mistake;
One is sure to be Van Buren. the other con
quering Jake.
"Our linemen then are winners, to that you'll
all agree.
And the backs are Just as good, and here's whe
they will be:
For halves we choose the Whisperer,, and the
silent Harry Blake;
They'll cover themselves with glory and many
a touchdown make;
They'll dodge and hurdle like demons, and push
with might and main.
And their plunges toward the goal posts will
be marked by hosts of slam.
"Ah, no. we haven't forgotten the other Im
portant places.
At quarter, we'll put Holly, who's noted for
his paces.
The fullback must be able to punt the ball in
muck. .
Where could Ve find a better than the big,
long-legged Buck?
"To captain this aggregation, you know, it
takes a Iooloo,
No ninny and no dandy would for a moment
do you;
So we'vevchosen a foxy guy, a man that's full
of Jolly,
Our slippery, crafty quarter, "our only only
Holly.
"We've let some out. 'tis sad, 'tis true, and
some of them are beauts.
But there's only room for 'leven. and -we'll
need some substitutes.
For we'll issue challenges and playywlth il.
A. A. C.
And some will be killed or drowned and some
will need an AT. D." H. H. ,
Distant Fields.
When a friendly kerchief flutters as we leave
the crowded quay,
I think upon the sparkling foam that
crowns the curllmr sen.:
Yet when the trades have caught us and
the sea's white pennons fly,
I think upon the kerchief that wllllgreet
us hy and by.
A Welcome Visitor.
Miss Mary Ma.cL.ane has decided to Jolnjfthe
staff of the Denver Post. .
So instead ot watching for Satan to come.
she II be watching now for the ghost.
McClellan and the football men are all
trying to tackle low.
The San Francisco Gas Company has
some good burners.
Once more It has been shown that the
convict Is mightier than the pen.
The description of Miss Goelet's trous-
seau sounds like something we'd like to
understand but shouldn't
Bulgarian, prisoners, taken to sea from
Salonlca and never more heard of. are
thought to have been thrown overboard.
The spirit of Sherlock Holmes Is abroad
In the Balkans.
From Port Angeles we have received a
letter, written in anarchistic red. Inclosing
an "Address to the Ministers of the United
States." The fallibility of the Bible i3
shown therein by several proofs. One is
that it says the "lion is the strongest
among beasts, and turneth not away from
any," whereas, declares the address, trav
elers from Asia tell us that when a lion
and a rhinoceros meet there Is always a
foot race and the Hon takes, the lead.
BEAVERTON, Or., Oct. 5. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonlan ot today. In tha
Note and Comment column, appears tha
statement that Grover Cleveland has no
middle name. This is a mistake. Grover Is
his middle name his full name being
Stephen Grover Cleveland. READER.
Reader Is correct as regards Mr. Cleve
land's names, but Incorrect in saying
that a statement was made" in this cohimn
to the effect that the ex-President had no
middle name, as .re-reading the Item in
question.wlll show.
The discussion as to how the bird
woman's name should be spelled has
brought out an Interesting fact. D. R.
Smith, of Helena, who has long been In
vestigating the history of the Lewis and
Clark expedition, has unearthed a poem
by the halfbreed husband of Sacajawea,
in which her qualities are highly praised.
The usual idea entertained by historians
has been that Sacajawea's husband had
no more feelings toward his wife than ho
might have had for another beast of bur
den. Another point of Interest is that the
spelling advocated by Rev. C. L. Hall, of
South Berthold Mission, North Dakota, Is
used In the verses, of which the first two
stanzas are given:
ASITE OIGMATTMGEOEI.
NotJ etamol golgemoin nestoapogoemgeoetjltja
ogtjlt tanlg Inim lla&segotltjlg" agantleolmga.
Nln alU.
Opogtjig. nltjan. no octjltotesg mlgmaol sol
naligtog. Nln lnol patlias. TJigseten, elnom
tan pa oenln, menagatj anglstemol tell nsetol
mol, Tsakakawia.
WEX T.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGIWlPHERS
Every man who succeeds In keeping out
of Jail Isn't going to heaven. Philadelphia
Record.
Church You say he is theklnd of man who
believes that charity begins at home? Gotham
Yes; he has Just given his wife the straw hat
he wore all Summer.-fYonkers Statesman.
Papa See here, Willie, you musn't bother
me. When I was a little boy I didn't bother
my papa with questions. Willie Maybe If you
had, pa. you'd be able to answer mine. Phil
adelphia Ledger.
Rodrlck The Count says he can't tell what
Is" the matter with his stomach. Van Albert
Is he living on anything rich? Rodrick I
should say so. He 13 living on his wife's
father. Chicago News.
Mrs. Tydlnlce Margaret, how does it happen
that you have washed the windows in the
dining-room on only one side? Margaret I
suppose, mum, that's what you wanted. T
washed them inside so you could see out, and
left them dirty outside so that the neighbors
couldn't sec in. Boston Transcript.
"One of my ancestors," said the young man
who came, a-woolng, was a signer of tba" '
Declaration of Independence." "That's fery
good," answered Mr. Cumrox. "But I(,doa't
believe that fact would suffice to make my
daughter happy. Let's hear something about
what you can do for yourself In the way -of
signing checks." Washington Star.
"Didn't you git no money from dat woman
yer held Up?" asked the first footpad. "Naw," -replied
the other, shivering slightly. "She wuz
from Boston." "Well, Boston people has
money." "Mebbe dcy has, but when I sez'to
her, 'Money or yer life, lady. she ses: 'How
dare ye speak ter me wldout de formality of-a,
lnterductlonT sez she, an' leaves fruz stiff."
Philadelphia Press.