.THE HORNIKG OEEGOKIAN,, TUESDAY, ,.TU'LY 21,-. 1903.
LIFE OF POPE LEO
POPE LEO'S FAVORITE PORTRAIT:
councils prevailed, and the old Catholics
were thrown Into direct opposition. -
Count vgn Bismarck, In his desire to
establish an Imperial government in Ger
many with as much absolute power as fie
dared to give It, found himself face to
face with the movement going on In men's
minds In the direction of greater free
dom. He sought and found in the Catho
lic Church that sop which he might throw
to the growling Cerberus of the people
in jrder to divert their minds from what
was being done. He took advantage of
the old Catholic movement to increase
the opposition to the papacy and then In
the Falk laws sacrificed the interests of
Great as Scholar, Diplomat
and Administrator.
HE RULED UNRULY PROVINCES
the Catholics who were loyal to the pope.
It was skillfully done, and Pius IX was
powerless.
His Triumph Complete.
When Leo XIII was elected he found
As Governor of Benevento, Nando to
Belgium, Bishop of PcrBgift and
Cardinal He Gave Evidence of
Great ' Qualities Displayed.
himself face to face with the Fall: law.
then In full force. But the oppression
of the Catholics in Germany had weak
ened the hold of all religious bodies on
the people, and this In turn had given
strength to the propaganda. of the socialists.
The exceeding: ability of the late Pope
Xieo XIII lay in the possession of several'
great qualities of mind. He had a pa
tience which nothing could tire. He could
wait months cr years, as need be, until
his time came. He had no delusions.
Joachim Peccl saw things as they were,
not as he would have liked to have them.
He had' no animosities. He believed an
enemy only an enemy until he could make
him a friend, and he was always ready
to welcome a friend. He recognized tal
ent at once and never sooner than In
those opposed to him. A good Idea was a
good idea to him, no matter who proposed
it, and he never committed the mistake
of undervaluing the -forces against him.
He had that genius which can tell what
is possible and what impossible. Never
in his life did Joachim Pecci attempt that
which he could not carry out. As easily
as he could weigh others, so easily could
lie weigh himself. He knew his limita
tions. To him the intellects and passions
of men were as understancable as are fig
ures on the slate, and by him, passion
less, there were no mistakes made in the
additions.
He was a great man among the great
men of his day. He played a part amid
come of the most tremendous dramas of
history, and he played zt successfully.
With no force of arms he made men who
ordered armies to obey him; out of ene
mies he created friends; a church which
he found the prey ofall he left strong in
the circle of her defenders. Leo XIII
will go down in history -as one of the
greatest among the long lines of great
men who have filled the papal chair.
Appearance of the Pope.
Personally the late pontiff was tall and
slender, and his hair was snow white.
His face had the kindliest of expressions,
and his smile was ready when there was
anything amusing said. He possessed a
keen wit, tempered by his charitable wish
not to wound the feelings of others. His
manner was high bred and finished, and
he possessed a most cnarmlng courtesy,
which placed all who saw him at their
ease. He loved to chat on literary top.
ics, and to the last found pleasure in
reading the great authors of antiquity.
His experience of life -was so vast that
his remarks were full of a quiet wisdom.
He impressed every one who met him.
His personal habits were simple to a de
gree, for he lived the life o an ascetic.
His industry and power for workwere
extraordinary, and the labor he dailyNvent
through while pope was enough to ex
haust a much younger and stronger man.
Joachim Vincent Raphael Lodovico
Peccl, afterward Pope Leo XIII, was born
March 2. 1810, at Carplneto. He was
sent to the Jesuit college at Vlterbo in
ISIS, where he remained till 1E25, when
he entered the Colleglo Romano, just re
stored by Pope Leo XII. Two years
later he was matriculated as a divinity
student at the Gregorian University. In
1SS2 he won the degree of doctor of theol
ogy, and entered the College of Noble
Ecclesiastics, where those who design
to serve the pontifical government diplo
matically or administratively are trained.
In 1837 he was made subdeacon, then dea
con, then priest In 1838 he was made
delegate, or governor, of the province of
Benevento. In 1841 he was appointed
governor of Spoleto. In 1843 he was made
apostolic nuncio, or papal ambassador, to
Belgium, and titular archblsbop of Dam
letta. In 1843 he was made bishop of
Perugia, where he arrived in 1846. In
1S54 he was made a cardinal. In 1877 he
was appointed camerllngo. In 1878 he
was chosen pope to succeed Plus IX, de
ceased. -His
Parents.
Joachim "Vincent Raphael Liodovlco
Peccl was the son of Count Dbmenlco
Xiodovico Peccl, of Carplneto, and Anna
Prosperl-Buzl. The family to which he
belonged came originally from Siena, and
its chiefs, having taken sides with the
Medici in the long struggle between Siena
and Florence, found It necessary to emi
grate to the states of the church. They
settled In Carplneto, a rugged mountain
town, nestled down between two great
crags. Count Lodovlco Pecci's wife was
the daughter of a noble Volsclan family,
living In the ancient City of Cora, the
modern Cori. She brought with her a
dower which tiotably increased the for
tune of the family, but she brought far
more when she came herself. She was
a woman of extraordinary ability and
strength of character. Joachim, or, as
his mother always called him, Vincent,
was the fourth son.
That Joachim Peccl should, under the
trainings such a woman as the Countess
Anna, turn his attention to the church
was only natural. She belonged to the
Third Order of St Francis, an associa
tion founded to bring men and women
closer to the church. From his earliest
years the boy had been accustomed to
seeing the brown habit and sandaled feet
of the brothers, and to listening to' the
story of the life of St. Francis, of Assisl.
as told by his mother. These lessons
were driven in when in his 14th year his
mother died in Rome, and he followed all
that remained of her to her grave in the
Observantlne Church of the Forty Mar
tyrs. Ia 1S2S, when at the Colleglo Romano,
he gained the first prize in physics and
chemistry. At the end of the college
year he was chosen to defend In public
against all objectors theses chosen from
the subject-matter of the three years'
course. In getting ready he so over
worked himself that his physicians ab
solutely forbade the trial, but the uni
versity granted him a certificate attest
ing his complete preparation.
While he was a student In the College
of Noble Ecclesiastics, Cardinal Sala
took the warmest fancy to the young
scholar and gave him much advice
the greatest value. Cardinal Paca also
admired Joachim Pecci, and recommend
ed him strongly to Grecorv XVT. who
appointed him oneof his domestic prel
ates, and soon afterward the referendary
to tno court of Segnatura.
Cardinal Sala saw to it that Joachim
Pecci was attached to the congregations
of the propaganda, and Cardinal Lam
bruschlni, who was the pope's secretary
or state, had him appointed official to
many important bodies. He also placed
hiin under the immediate charge of the
learned prelates (soon to be cardinals),
Trczza and Brunelll. The superiors of
this "young man realized the character
of the material before them.
First Position of Importance.
Joachim Pecci's first position of im
portance was that of Governor of Bene
vento'.' a small territory situated In the
midst of what was the Kingdom of Na-
pies. When the French withdrew from
Italy, and Naples was restored to the
Bourbons. Benevento reverted to the
pope. It was then an Independent prin
cipallty in the midst of a kingdom. The
men who had been foremost in their op
position to Napoleon had .gradually be
come guerrillas and bandits, levying
b'cckmail and smuggling. They found
their refuge In the high and brokon
lands of Benevento, until that state had
become a menace to all about It. This
was the condition of things with which
this young man of 2S was expected to
grapple. He went to Benevento and on
the third day was taken down with a
bad attack of typhoid fever, during which
he nearly died. The result was that the
opposition, which had been excited by
news of his coming, was killed by the
sympathy which his Illness called forth,
and when he rose from his bed he round
all the people favorably disposed toward
him.
Monsignore Pecci was a man who might
be depended on to make the most of such
a state of affairs. At the ceremony of
laying the corner-stone of a new church
in honor of Our Lady of Graces, he had
an opportunity of meeting all classes
in the little state. The gratitude he felt
for the sympathy extended to him In his
Illness lent an additional charm to a
manner and utterance always full of
courtesy and high breeding. It was nat
ural perhaps that the lawless element
should suppose itself more than a match
for the gentle ecclesiastic, who In years
was not much more than a boy, and
whose physical weakness showed itself
in the pallor of his face. The surprise
felt at measures adopted "by the new
Governor was no smaM part of the force
which gave him the victory.
One of the most dreaded chiefs of the
lawless bands, who were smugglers, ban
dits or guerrillas by turns, was Pasquale
Colletta. He had his center of operations
In the Villa Mascambroni, where, with a
band of 14 men, each as desperate as him
self, he levied blackmail on all about him.
One morning bright and early the peo
ple of Benevento saw this man, together
with his whole band, led through the
streets In chains by the pontifical sol
diers. The governor was Inflexible; no
intercession was sufficient to save ,those
who were convicted of murder, robbery
and rapine. The execution struck terror
into the minds of those who had so long
fattened on crime. But some offenders
against the law were those who should
have upheld it. A nobleman of Benevento
was one of the greatest smugglers in the
land, and when the gendarmes threatened
to search his castle he went in great wrath
to complain to the Governor. Vainly iild
Monsignore Pecci endeavor to convince
his visitor that law must be obeyed by
all. Tho Marquis told the Governor lie
would go to Rome and return with an
order of recall for the young ecclesiastic
who was upsetting all the established cus
toms of Benevento.
"You may go on your errand', my Lord
Marquis," replied Monsignore -Peccl. "but
I warn you that on arriving In Boms you
shall have to pass through the Castle
Sant' Angelo before carrying your com
plaints to the Vatican."
The journey was not made, but the
pontifical troops surrounded the castle
of the Marquis, searched it and arrested
the smugglers who were found there.
His Good Work as Governor.
But the reform of political and social
evils did not take up all the time of the
young Governor. He devoted himself to
a study of the economic conditions of his
territory, and he decided that roads must
bo built connecting Benevento with the
adjoining provinces of Moilse, Terra dl
Lavoro and Avelllno. He made a journey
to Rome to confer with Gregory XVI and
FROM THE FAMOUS
his ministers and roturned with full pow
ers. The roads were built; more than
that, the taxes were reduced, brigandage
suppressed and agriculture revived until
commerce sprang Into new life with the
opening of new markets. Benevento was
transformed and in less than three years.
In May, 1841, Monsignore Peccl was re
called from Benevento and appointed
Governor of Spoleto. This sent him to
Perugia, one of the hotbeds of the revo
lutionary societies, and here began a con
test between Joachim Peccl and the or
ganized opposition to the church, which
was'to be the man's work for many
years. The various secret societies' which
were born in Italy as the result of the-
disturbance following the Napoleonic in
vasion had all a common object, the at
tainment of social and political liberty.
The efforts for greater liberty made by
such societies as the Carbonari (the char
coal burners) took the form of an at
tack on the church. They believed that
under no circumstances would the church
lend 'itself to change, and they therefore
determined to destroy it if possible.
No Detail Escaped His Notice.
" Such a man as Monsignore Peccl would
naturally come to the front In such a
fight. In Perugia, where he now ruled.
ho found the societies very strong. Weld-
ed together and given form, as these had
been, by the genius of Mazzlnl, they
were powerful and able enough to de-
mand the greatest ability of the young
ecclesiastic. He began in a thoroughly
characteristic way. . The old road leading
up to the city from the plain was lm-
practicable for vehicles, and In 20 days
Monslgnor Peccl had built a new one.
One of the first to use It was Gregory
XVI. who visited the old city and was
received gladly by the people. The Gov
ernor followed up the building of the
road by a personal visit to every com-
mune. He examined closely Into every
detail of administration, Informed him-
self of the needs of each locality, cor
rected abuses and removed incompetent
officials. While he put down the secret
societies whenever he could, he deprived
them of their power over the people by
making the reforms they talked about. He
fostered agriculture and encouraged com
merce, he secured an Inexpensive admin
istration of the laws, and he put down
lawlessness with a heavy hand. In one
year he had reformed the town councils,
gathered all the courts Into one bulld-
.us e&uiouaneu a
1 T . I , J
stuuois lur-iue tuiiuicu uuu givcu nuw
life to the College of Rosl Spello, of which
tho pope appointed him the apostolic vis
itor. Made Papal Araliassador.
Joachim Peccl was In his thirty-third
year when Gregory XVI appointed him
apostolic nuncio, or papal ambassador,
to -the "kingdom of Belgium. The am
bassador reached Brussels and tfouni
that secret societies were represented
there In force. When he appeared at
the court of King Leopold, he produced
a most favorable Impression. It was ap.
parent that he was an accomplished
scholar, a well-bred man and one who
had not a little wit. In the difficult task
which was before him Archbishop Peccl
had the benefit of the counsels of Queen
Louisa Mario, who was a most devout
Catholic. To protect the, Belgian Cath
olics against the opposition to them In
the Belgian Parliament was the ambas
sador's first duty, and as usual he found
PAINTING BY CHARTRAN,- WHICH HANGS
a very practical way of going' to work.
He began the visitation of the great
Catholic schools and stirred up those who
controlled them Until It became known
that more work and- better work was
done In them ;than in their rivals- In
the College of " St, Michael he made his
influence especially felt. It being directly
under the eyes of King and Minister.
When Perugia lost its bishop, Mon
slgnor Clttadlnl, the city magistrates, the
nobility and clergy petitioned that Mon
slgnor Peccl be appointed to the place.
The pope consented, provided the consent
of the archbishop could be obtained, and
lathis was given as soon as asked for. Be-
visited England, Ireland and France. He
arrived In Rome when Gregory XVI. was
lying at death's door, and the letter which
Leopold I. had written could not be read
by the pontiff. In that letter the King
of the Belgians had urged the pope to
make Monslgnor Peccl a cardinal and had
spoken very strongly of his services as a
diplomat.
The archbishop, bishop of Perugia, en
tered the old city on July 26, 1846. Here
he was destined to remain for 31 years,
directing his diocese, fighting the Influ
ence or the secret societies, encouraging
education In every possible way and be-
; coming, through his letters, the defender
) of the papacy among the Italian bishops,
j Diplomacy, his chosen field, was deprived
j 0f his services for a long period. It Is.
however, a question whether Monsignore
Peccl --did not do more for the church
, from the quiet of his library by the fa-
i mous letters he fojupd time to write than
he could had he served as an ambassador.
Elevated to Cnrdlnalntc.
On the 26th of February, 1S54,- Perugia
celebrated the elevation of her bishop to
the cardinalate. In which celebration all
ranks and orders of society joined, for
Cardinal Peccl was most popular even
amnntT MA not helonc to the
church and all dellchted to do him ner-
sonal honor. There was a similar tribute
paid on the 17th of January. 1S71, when
Hhe cardinal celebrated his silver jubilee.
Pope Plus IX appointed Cardinal Peccl
the camerllngo in 1877. This office gives
Its occupant charge of the temporalities
of the church during any vacancy of the
papal chair, and with It came Cardinal
Pecci's residence In Rome. The Jubilee
of Plus IX had. brought throngs of pil
grims to Rome, and the opposition of the
government of Victor Emmanuel to tne
j papaCy had thereby been much Increased.
. T - T- -ten? -Dlt... TV" AleA .unPiW
after Victor Emmanuel, and wTth King
Umberto there was to be a new pope. The
question whether the Italian government
would allow of a free election was warmly
debated, and many thought It would not
As camerllngo It was Cardinal Peccl'6
duty to make arrangements for the con
clave In which the new pope was. to be
elected. No opposition came from the
government, and the preparations In
the Vatican went rapidly forward. On
February IS. 1S78, the 61 cardinals present
In Rome entered the apartments of the
conclave. Prince Chlgl, hereditary mar
shal ot the church, and guardian of the
conclave, locked the door outside, and the
cardinal camerllngo locked it within. Mon
signore RIccl Parracclanl, governor of the
conclave, examined the lnclosure so as to
be'sure there was no method o communi
cation with the outside world. The con
clave assembled In the Slstinc chapel. In
which 64. seats, each shadowed by a can
IN THEf VATICAN.
opy emblematic of sovereignty, had been
erected. The places taken by the four
cardinals created by Gregory XVI were
marked with green hangings, all the oth
ers being purple In front of each car
dinal was a small writing table, and to
each was given a schedulla, or ballot. In
the center of which he was to write the
name of his choice. A full two-thirds
vote was necessary for an election. On
the altar stood a large chalice with its
paten, and one by one the cardinals ad
vanced, knelt before the altar and de
clared he chose the man he considered
most fitted. Then, rising, he deposited his
ballot on the paten.
Election as Pope.
Three scrutineers were chosen to count
the ballots. On the 'first vote the name
of Joachim Peccl appeared 23. times. On
the second he received 38. On the third,
taken on the morning of the 20th of Feb
ruary. 187S, he received 44. and was de
clared elected. The subdean, the senior
cardinal priest and cardlnnl deacon, ap
proached the eat of Cardinal Pecci.
"Do you accept the selection made of
you as supreme pontiff of the Catholic
Church?" asked the subdean. and Car
dinal Peccl responded, "I accept." The
cardinals rose as the subdean knelt. "By
what name do you wish to be called?"
"By the name of Leo XIII."
I The announcement of the election was
! made In St. Peter's Church by Cardinal
I Catterlnl. The coronation took place on
the 3d of March In- the oalcony of St.
Peter's. v
The great question In the minds of all
: men after the election of the new pope
! bore on his policy toward the Italian
j Government. His predecessor. Plus. IX,
, had never given up the claim to the
temporal power of which he had been
j deprived, and It was soon seen that Leo
XIII. Insisted as strongly on his rights
! as a temporal sovereign. In the first en-
cyclical letter this position was taken in
; the plainest possible way. The Pope al
so renewed the protests which he as
Cardinal Peccl had maGe against the
civil marriage, which had become the. law
( of the land.
I Became a Peacemaker at Once.
I- From the first the new pontiff saw
i that the field of influence open to him
was that of the peacemaker. He put
i himself Into communication with Ger
j many, offering his services as mediator
between the government and the Catho
5 lie population, and these were accepted,
j Ho interested himself in Eastern nations,
i He complained most bitterly of the ac
i tlon of the Italian Government on the
I ground that priests were subjected to mil
itary conscription: that the Institutions
of charity In Rome were no longer in
charge of the Church; that heterodox
schools were opened; that the bishops
had been deprived of all their functions
and revenues and that the Government
had taken to itself the patronage of the
various dioceses of the church.
The Italian Government was at that
time led by Prime Minister Depretls, a
man to whom the Idea of the temporal
power of the nope was an abomination.
Briefly stated. his policy was to deprive
the papal government of all power ex
cept In things spiritual. The diplomatic
training and subtle brain of Leo XIII
enabled him to seethat bis only chahco
to Influence the Government of Italy
was by Influencing that of other coun
tries, and his foreign policy became the
leading motive of his reign- He re
stored, as ono of his first acts tho hier
archy of Scotland, and he declared in
the strongest way there could be no
compromise with revolution.
Letter Wins Prince Blsmnrclc.
In February, 1879, deputations represent
ing all Roman Catholic journalists ar
rived at Rome and were received by the
Pope. To them Leo XIII spoke strongly,
outlining the policy they should take. In
September of that year, he, with marked
liberality, threw upon the scholars of the
world tho treasures of the library of tho
Vatican. He wrote the encyclical letter
on socialism in 1878, a letter which did
much to win Prince Bismarck, and since
1879 he established tho council of educa
tion for Rome.
In 1SS0 the celebration of the 25th an
niversary of the coronation of Alexander,
Czar of Russia, gave Leo XIII an oppor
tunity of reopening relations with the
Russian court and of pleading the cause
of Russian Catholics. Heseconded this
by proclaiming a solemn office of honor
to tho memory of the Russian saints,
Cyril and Methodius, and In 1881 he estab
lished a hierarchy for Bosnia and Herze
govina. He encouraged the Greek Col
lege in Rome and enlarged It. He brought
about concord between the papacy and
the Eastern schismatics, and the govern
ment of Turkey acknowledged, the benefit
derived. In Persia the efforts of Leo
XIII were most successful, and In Japan
he made his diplomacy felt.
In 1SS4,, Leo .XIII convened a plenary
council of the 'church at Baltimore. The
archbishops were summoned to Rome to
consult over the scheme or outline of dis
cussion,' and as a result of the- council
strong ground was taken on the spread
of Infidelity, and a movement was Inau
gurated to form a Catholic university at
the City of Washington.
His Ability as a
Diplomat.
The work accomplished by Leo XIII in
Germany Illustrated better because of
the enormous difficulties he was forced
to face, his exceeding ability as a diplo
mat than any other during his reign. The
opposition to the Catholics as formulated
In the celebrated Falk laws, so called
from the name of Dr. Falk, their author,
was the result of two movements antag
onistic to each other, yet working to a
common end. When Pius IX called the
council which put forth the dogma of in
fallibility. Prince Chlcdwlg Hohenlohe and
Dr. Joseph Ignatius von Dolllr.ger formed
a party among the Bavarian Catholics
I In opposition which eventually became
: that section known as Old Catholics. The
I distinguishing plank In their platform,
to use a phrase which thoroughly ex
presses the Idea to be conveyed, was a
denial of this dogma, as they termed It.
In point of fact this denial- was really
an expression of opposition to the claims
of the papacy to temporal power. It
was the desire of Dr. Dollingcr. who was
the brains of the whole movement, that
the pope should become the spiritual sov
ereign of the Catholic world and that lie
should, so to speak, modernize the theory
of the papacy In accordance with the
change brought about by the greater free
dom of the people. On the other hand,
the Ultramontane party believed it was
right for the papacy to insist more strong
iy tnan ever on an yuweia ever ueiu
by it. As wo all know, the "Ultramontane
Leo XIII saw his opportunity and wrote
his encyclical letter on socialism. Prince
Bismarck found an ally where he least
expected one. He was unable to refuse
the help offered, and once more the Prince
Chancellor and the papacy were work
ing side by side. From this as a starting
point Leo XIII, as the months rolled by,
made advance after advance 'until Prlnco
Bismarck", protesting he would not "go
to Canossa," found himself before the
castle gates. The Falk laws were abro
gated bit by bit until they disappeared,
and the triumph of Leo's diplomacy was
complete.
Pope Leo's encyclical of 1S31. in wnich
ho took up the socialism of the day In
America, and his action In the case oc
Dr. McGlynn, of New York, are well re
membered. Prior to the outbreak of hostilities be
tween Spain and the "United States Pope
Leo made strenuous efforts in the Inter
ests of peace, but matters had already
passed beyond the diplomatic stage when
his good offices were tendered; and the
conflict began, to his deep regret, for he
was to the last the most consistent and
persistent opponent of war among" the
great men of Europe.
CHARLES ALFRED HEWSON.
ENCYCLICALS AND ANNIVERSARIES
Leo XIII's Pontificate Surpasses That
of St. Peter.
In February, 1900, the pope issued an en
cyclical on Americanism which caused
much discussion, and In June. 1901, he is
sued a letter on labor, which also aroused
much Interest.
On March 3, 1902, the late pope took part
In the public celebrations in honor of the
24th anniversary of his coronation by hold
ing a "papal chapel" in tho basilica of
St. Peter's, on which occasion he was
greeted by 50,000 persons. This was the
first time a "chapel" had been held in the
basilica since 1S70, such ceremonies having
heretofore taken place in the Sistlne
Chapel. Thirty cardinals were among
those present. The late pontiff, on March
28. 1902, published a long encyclical letter
the tone of which suggested testamentary
recommendations, and In which he de
plored the renewed attacks on the church
and. "the recent errors of humanity," In
stancing divorce and picturing the present
condition of society as having drifted into
a state of anarchy.
The 24th anniversary of Pope Leo's coro
nation was held at tho Vatican, July 6,
1902, by the entire papal court, and thou
sands of members of all the Catholic so
cieties assembled In Romo for the occa
sion. The last notable encyclical of Pope Lec
XIII was dated October 30. 1902. and was
designed to promote study of the Scrip
tures, and In February of this year he
wrote a poem dedicated to a friend whom
the pontiff desired to advise on the best
means of prolonging life.
The 25th anniversary of the late pope's
election to the chair of St.. Peter was cele-.
brated February 20 of this year with elab-
orate pqmp in the Hall of Beatification,
above the portico of St, Peter's, on which
occasion the venerable prelate was pre
sented with a gold tiara costing $23,000 as
tho jubilee present of the Catholic world
and with large sums of money from vari
ous sources.
The celebration of the 25th anniversary
of the late pope's coronation occurred In
St. Peter's March 30, with all the Impres
slvcness and grandeur of the Catholic
Church, and on April 2S the pontificate of
the late pope surpassed In length that of
St, Peter, Leo XIII having then been
elected pope 23 years, 2 months and 7
days, known as "the years of Peter."
King Edward visited the late pope In the
latter part of April, and Emperor William
was received by tho late pontiff early in
May.
VERIFICATION OF DEATH.
Ceremonial by Hipch Church. Officers
and Titled Laymen.
On the official notification by the pope'3
medical attendants that His Holiness 13
in a critical condition, the sacrament is
set forth in all the churches of Rome.
At St. Peter's it is exposed on the high
altar, covered with a cloth of white lawn,
which Is only removed on the death of tho
pope.
Meanwhile summonses are sent by tele
graph to the foreign or absent cardinals,
and those In Rome aro called to the Vati
can. On the death occurring, the first
step to be taken Is the official verification
that the vicar of Christ Is no more. This
act, which Is performed with a certain pre
scribed ceremony, devolves upon the car
dinal camerllngo (chamberlain), to whom,
on tho demise of the holy father, the su
preme authority for the time being Is com
mitted. Attired In full canonicals, His Eminence,
attended by the cardinals, prelates and
laymen of high rank at the papal court,
proceeds to the chamber of death. Knock
ing at the door with a wand of silver, the
cardinal camerllngo enters the room, and.
advancing ot the couch on which lies the
dead figure of the pope, touches the breast
and forehead, and then, sinking on his
knees, proclaims In a loud voice: "Dom
lnus papa noster mortuus est!"
The Fisherman's ring and the other
papal seals are then handed to the car
dinal camerllngo, together with a docu
ment formally attesting the death of tho
pope. As soon as this ceremony is ac
complished the body Is embalmed and at
tired in the pontifical vestments as a
preliminary to the public exposition of
the remains In St. Peter's. The body,
which is committed to the charge of the
papal chamberlains. Is first of all taken
to the Sistlne Chapel, and thence by a
covered way to tho great basilica, where
It lies in state for three days in the Chapel
of the Holy Sacrament, reposing on a
richly draped couch.
Four members of the noble guards
watch over the remains day and night
with drawn swords. The body Is so ex
posed that the faithful, In defiling past,
can kiss the feet of the dead pontiff,
while everj' church In Rome Is draped In
mourning and masses for the repose of
the soul of the departed, together with
the special prayer for the guidance, of
the church and of the new pope, are said
constantly.
During this time the arrangements for
the holding of the conclave are being per
fected. The sacred congregations meet on
the third day from the pope's death In tho
hall of the consistory and there appoint
three members of their body a cardinal
bishop, a cardinal priest and a cardinal
deacon to form with the cardinal cam
erllngo the temporary state executive.
On the first meeting of the cardinals the
cardinal camerllngo reads the papal bulls
touching tho election of a pope, and then,
in the presence of all, breaks the Fish
erman's ring and signets of the deceased
pontiff.
German Banker a Sniclde.
BERLIN, July 20. Joseph Schlndler,
head of the banking house of Gebrueder
Schlndler. committed suicide today owing
to the faqt that the firm's chief book
keeper, Hugo Jacobs, embezzled $30,000
for Bourse speculation.