-8
THE MOBNIXG OREGONIAtf. MONDAY, JUNE 15, 1903.
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PORTLAND, JIOXDAT, JUNE 15, 3003.
WHERE THEORY FAILS, AXD WHY.
You can postulate nothing: on govern
ment or society which will be good for
all places, times, peoples and circum
stances. On morals you can that is,
on higher morals; but on society ,and
government, where everything must be
adjusted. In some sort at least,- to con
ditions of place and time, on the na
ture and situation of the people and
their general circumstances, you can
not. Hence the inquiry why the people of
Servia cannot now clear themselves of
the imcumbrance of corrupt dynasties
and establish a republic, is useless.
They know nothing of the principles of
popular government, and are Incapable
of the Intelligent effort necessary to
assert them and of the self-restraint
necessary to maintain them.
But, no matter what the Intellectual
status of a people may be, each and
every people is bound by the general
conditions of its life or existence, and
cannot set up and maintain government
on any mere theory, or on principles
corresponding with those maintained in
another country where the conditions
are all essentially different. Measures
of government, and even principles of
government, must be accommodated to
places, times and circumstances, to the
nature of peoples and to their historical
development.
Her economic conditions compel Great
Britain to free trade. She has no choice
about it The United Kingdom Is the
world's greatest workshop. Her peo
ple cannot live within themselves. They
must have the world's markets. So
they must have the least possible re
strictions upon Importation of food and
of materials.
Nor Is the British Empire, great as
It Is, great enough for a zollvereln, for
"protection" of itself against the world.
The interests of the head and heart of
the empire are not coincident with those
of the distant members. The masses of
the British Islands want cheap food,
and must have food as cheap as possi
ble. Hence they cannot have tariffs
put on food supplies from America and
Kussla, for protection of the food pro
ducers of the United Kingdom and the
colonies.
It is surprising that Joseph Cham
berlain did not see the error in his pro
posal for a British and colonial zoll
"verein. Equally surprising that Amer
icans, disregarding the difference of
conditions In the two countries, should
say that Great Britain, noting the er
ror of her policy of free trade, is about
to veer round to the American policy
-of protection.
Industrial and economic conditions
iorce Great Britain to adhere to free
trade. We are growing towards it
ourselves, and one day shall have It.
The unity of the British Empire is to
"be maintained chiefly through a policy
that will preserve the strength of the
.head and heart of the empire. The col
onies will continue to And their com
pensation In the protecting power and
care of the mother country. Even the
greatest of them are not able to set up
for themselves. Whether they will ever
Jbe Is useless speculation. None of them
lis now.
No theory of government, no pol
icy, applied in one country is good for
anything In another, because In no
two countries will you And the condi
tions the same: and government is a
human contrivance to meet human
twants. Naturally and necessarily,
though it always falls short of Ideals,
it adjusts itself to the cqndltlons that
exist among the people who make or
tolerate It. Hence no abstract theory
of government Is good anywhere. We
have come nearer perhaps in this coun
try to such theories than anywhere
else; but we have had a great conti
nent to bustle In, and have had no
powerful neighbors to interfere with
us. Like conditions have prevailed no
where else in the world.
NOT A PROPER RESULT.
Referring to the platform adopted by
4he Republicans of the State of Ohio,
She Springfield (Mass.) Republican
Bays: "The Ohio Republicans adhere
to the fifteenth constitutional amend
ment, and are prepared to abandon It
provided the negro disfranchising states
ere cut down proportionately in. thelr
xepresentatlon in the electoral college
and the lower branch of Congress."
The Springfield Republican Is not
lavorable to this position, since it is
eentimentally .for universal suffrage,
jwithout regard to the fitness of the suf
SCragist. It says further:
jEb lacs u prMte4 by the Ohio cosven-
tlon should be clearly understood. It Involres
the abandonment of the last of th -war aroesd
xaents and the serious impairment of the force
of the other two. Just this, and so less than this.
Are Northern Republicans ready to se the re
sults of the Civil War so largely and so
easily set aside I
But what were the results the
proper results of the Civil War?
Preservation of the Union and the abo
lition of slavery. On all sides, except
by a few faddists, It Is admitted that
extension of suffrage indiscriminately,
without consideration of fitness for the
use or exercise of it, was not a neces
sary or legitimate consequence of the
Civil War, and that, though at the time
it was so considered by the Northern
people, or a majority of them, yet It
was a very great mistake, which has
Injured the country more, far more,
than the war. itself. The Northern
States could have allowed suffrage
without distinction of color had they
desired; but to force It on the Southern
States, where the negroes were so nu
merous and so unprepared for it, was
the greatest of all mistakes.
ships seek: the cargo.
Theorists, confusing the Oriental
trade as It actually is with what It may
b fifty years from now, are explain
ing to the public that the giant steam
ers which Mr. Hill Is building for his
Seattle line will prove successful in
revolutionizing the carrying trade of
the Pacific. The fact that it is impos
sible for Mr. Hill to secure cargoes for
the steamers he Is now operating be
tween Puget Sound and the Orient does
not seem to weaken the faith of these
theorists In his ability to secure freight
for steamers four times as great. The
Seattle papers, week In and week out.
Inform us of the immense business that
will be handled as soon as these mam
moth freighters are placed in service.
It Is certainly easier to get at the facts
regarding something that is being done
now than it Is to make an accurate
forecast of what may h:pen In the
future. Therefore we should like to
have some of these transportation ex
perts explain why Mr. Hill cannot or
will not provide full cargoes for the
steamers already engaged In the Ori
ental trade under traffic arrangements
with his roads.
The last steamer of Mr. Hill's Seattle
line to .clear, the Kaga Mam, was a
vessel of 10,000 tons capacity, and she
cleared with 2000 tons of flour, 750 tons
of wheat and 409 toAs of miscellaneous
freight, a total of 3162 tons, or less than
one-third of her carrying capacity.
Preceding her was the Tosa Maru, a
9000-ton carrier, which cleared with 850
tons of flour and 300 tons of miscella
neous freight, a total of 1150 tons, or
about one-eighth of the vessel's total
carrying capacity. The Northern Pa
cific steamers sailing from Tacoma are,
to a large extent, under the control of
Mr. Hill, as he virtually controls both
of the northern roads. Between the
sailings or the two Marus mentioned,
the Northern Pacific liner Tacoma was
cleared from Tacoma. She carried 58S
tons of flour and 150 tons of miscella
neous cargo. As her capacity Is only
about 4000 tons, It will be noticed that,
with a total cargo of 733 tons, her per
centage of empty space was less than
that of the Tosa Maru, but slightly
greater than that of the Kaga Maru.
The total amount of cargo carried by
these three steamers, with a combined
carrying capacity of 23,000 tons, was
5045 short tons. The new steamers of
Mr. Hill have a capacity of 32,000 tons
each. It is needless to state that both
the Marus and the Tacoma lost con
siderable money for their owners by
going out with such light cargoes.
What kind of an explanation, then, can
Mr. Hill make to their owners, who are
in a measure associated with him In the
trans-Pacific trade? The newspapers
closely affiliated with Mr. Hill, and even
the gentleman himself, assert that there
will be no difficulty In securing plenty
of cargo for his big ships when they
come. Why, then, is he withholding
freight from the lines now seeking to
build, up a trade for which he stands
sponsor? In this connection, the fol
lowing comment from Friday's Seattle
Post-Intelligencer Is Interesting:
The question whether big ships pay better
than smaller ones was accepted as settled
until the building of the Great Northern
steamships was projected; and It has been
disputed since that time only by the residents
of cities whose harbors are too shallow to per
mit of large ships plying 4o them. ... It
is true that there are many harbors to which
vessels of the largest class cannot ply; and
thus, with the further Increase In the lxe,
draft and tonnage of merchant steamships,
the number of ports which can accommodate
the modern freight carriers will be still fewer.
But this does not mean that the steamships
will have to be built smaller to accommodate
the shallow harbors; It simply means that the
trade which It was once possible to do from
shallow harbors will be transferred to the
harbors which tre ablo to accommodate the
largest and most economically operated ocean
carriers.
Again does theory secure a hard Jolt
from plain fact. While the Great North
ern liner Kaga Maru was loading at
Seattle, the Portland & Asiatic liner In
dravelll, a 7500-ton carrier, was loading
at Portland. Her outward cargo con
sisted of 4820 tons of flour, 250 tons of
wheat, 489,000 feet of lumber and about
500 tons of miscellaneous freight all,
In fact, that could be stowed aboard
and the 750 tons of wheat shipped on the
Kaga Maru were a portion of a thousand-ton
shipment offered the Indra
velll. As it was impossible to secure
space on the Portland steamer for more
than 250 tons, 500 tons of the remainder
were shipped to Seattle from Portland,.
and 250 tons from Tacoma to Seattle,
It being impossible to get the entire 750
tons to Seattle from Portland in time.
On this shipment of 500 tons for the
Kaga Maru, the Great Northern ab
sorbed the local rate from Portland to
Seattle, and also paid the switching
charges. In this manner Is the trade
from shallow harbors "transferred to
the harbors which are able to accommo
date the largest and most economically
operated ocean carriers."
The Indravelll is not as large as some
of the liners running to Portland, but,
had the Great Northern filled tip the
Kaga Maru with the Indravelll's cargo,
it would have cost over $10,000 to ab
sorb the local rate on that cargo to
Seattle. This is the reason why it is
always cheaper to bring the ship to the
cargo than to take the cargo to the
ship. The Portland line operates moderate-sized
carriers, which run with full
cargoes. The Seattle line operates large
carriers that cannot fill one-third of
their space, and yet the Portland liner,
with a capacity of 7500 tons, carried
more than 25 per cent more cargo than
the combined cargoes of the last three
Puget Sound liners which sailed from
Seattle and Tacoma. Steamers will al
ways be built to accommodate harbors
that will supply them with a profitable
business, and at no other port on the
Pacific Coast does as much Oriental
traffic originate as in the port of Port
land. This port not only sends out Its
own Oriental ltaersHwlttkfull cargo, but
is called on to supply freight for every
other trans-Pacific line operating out of
California and Washington ports.
EXTEND THE SCOPE.
The Secretary of the Interior has
found it advisable to" promulgate new
rules and regulations governing the se
lection of Indemnity land upon mineral
base. This action was taken as a re
sult of recent Investigations brought
about by disclosures of Improper prac
tices In Oregon, and the purpose is to
protect the Government from fraud.
The department has become convinced
that indemnity selections have fre
quently been made upon base which
was proven to be mineral, but which
was not In fact mineral In character.
There were indications that local land
officials had been too lax in their re
quirements as to proof, and that they
had favored those persons who are in
terested In the adjudication of mineral
base. For this reason, and for the pur
pose of simplifying the proceedings, the
power of passing upon questions as to
the mineral character of land has been
taken out of the hands of local land
officials and lodged with the depart
ment, which formerly had only appel
late jurisdiction.
Though the Government has undoubt
edly been imposed upon by operators
In state lieu lands, the Improper prac
tices In this branch of public land busi
ness are no worse and no more pro
nounced than in other classes of land
transactions. It is common knowledge
that men who live In cities, where they
keep their families, where they have
well-established business enterprises
which require their constant attention,
and where they expect to make their
homes for years to come such men
have not hesitated to fake homesteads
In distant parts of the state, and are
ready to swear that the land they have
received from the Government is their
actual residence. Thousands of acres
of the public domain have been secured
by men who organized military wagon
road companies and thereby gained bos
session of land without rendering the
Government a sufficient return. The
Northern Pacific has been permitted an
unjust and inequitable -advantage in
being permitted to relinquish to the.
Government worthless lands within the
limits of a forest reserve and to take
valuable lands elsewhere in their stead.
All these abuses have been known for
several years, and thesi or similar
abuses will be known for years to come.
Yet the existence of any one system off
land-grabbing does not Justify the con
tinuance of any other system. Two
wrongs will not make a right. The de
partment has acted wisely In hedging
the lieu land business about with more
stringent regulations, and it Is to be
hoped that the good work will go on
until every abuse has been cut off.
In the present instance the movement
for reform is directed particularly
against those, proceedings by which the
state, or individuals using the name of
the state, seek to have certain school
sections relinquished to the Government
in order that the state may secure other
lands instead, which latter lands are to
be sold as the individuals conducting
the proceedings may direct. As has
often been explained, the state leaves
the work of securing lieu land to pri
vate enterprise. The men who secure
a decision from the Federal Land De
partment declaring that certain school
sections are mineral In character are
permitted to sell this "base" to whom
soever may wish to buy. As might be
expected, the Secretary of the Interior
finds that some of the private lieu land
operators have been overzealous in
proving the mineral character of land.
In addition to this, the state has under
taken to relinquish to the Government,
as mineral land, certain sections which
had already been sold by the state to
purchasers In the UBual manner. To
correct these two abuses, the Depart
ment of the Interior now requires that
before any lands can be adjudicated as
mineral and other lands taken In their
stead, It must be shown that at the
time of survey they were known to be
most valuable for their mineral de
posits, and also that the state has not
sold or incumbered them. These regu
lations seem to be entirely reasonable.
The mere fact that minerals can be
found upon land does not furnish suffi
cient reason why it should be decreed
to belong to the Federal Government,
Instead of the state. The rule should
be, and evidently Is, that the land shall
not only contain minerals, but that it
shall be chiefly valuable for its mineral
deposits. As the title to school land
vests in the state at the time of sur
vey. It is very properly provided that
knowledge of the mineral character of
the land shall exist at that time In order
to defeat the state's title. The title to
land should be open to as little uncer
tainty as possible, and a time should be
fixed at which the mineral character of
land must be discovered in order to pre
vent the Btate from acquiring title.
Otherwise endless controversy and trou
ble must result. It is also proper that
after the state has once exercised an
act of ownership over school land, it
should not be permitted to deny its
ownership and try" to relinquish the
land to the Federal Government. Either
the Federal Government or some per
son claiming under it might consist
ently be heard to assert that certain
lands have not passed to the state, al
though the state claims ownership, but
after the state has once exercised con
trol by selling the land as its own, it
cannot without duplicity undertake to
deny its title.
Right here Is the root of all the trou
ble over the lieu land business in Ore
gon. Men have undertaken to prove
land to be mineral when It is not so
in fact, and the state has sold lieu land
selected, upon base which was after
word found to be invalid. The state
has also undertaken to use as base,
lands which had already been sold In
place. There Is plenty of room for legit
imate operations in lieu lands, and the
state can well afford to encourage such
operations by private parties, for lieu
land is worth more than school land in
place. If the operators had been more
careful and had not Involved the Btate
In so much inconsistency, there would
never have been anything but com
mendation for their efforts. There Is
reason to believe that 'through their
greed they have killed the goose that
laid them golden eggs.
In its work of checking abuses, the
Department of the Interior should not
stop with a few operators In lieu lands,
but should extend its efforts to the
throttling of large corporations, that
have been permitted to grab large areas
of valuable public lands.
There is reason to believe that the
wardship of "inferior races" under the
Government of the United States will
soon be a thing of the past. In many
directions there are signs of progress.
Here are our Umatilla Indians. They
rent their lands to white men, and,
while the tenants are tolling In the
fields, the Indian landlords are gam
bling or "blowing" their money Into
other amusements In Pendletoh and
Walla Walla. The Indians are rack
renters, too; and It Is a pretty bad case
of absentee landlordism. Here truly 13
a hopeful sign of a solid civilization.
Other indicia are noted In the Philip
pine Islands. The native women are
suing officers and men of the United
States Army for breach of promise of
marriage, laying their damages at
heavy sums; and some of them have
reported the delinquents to President
Roosevelt, whose well-known opinions
oh family matters will, the plaintiffs
evidently believe, bring the unfaithful
fellows up to the altar or tq a court
martial. The evidence of advancement
of civilization among th.e wards of the
Nation is cumulative, and on the whole
satisfactory.
Mr. Thomas E. Heenan, the United
States Consul at Odessa, In his report
of the KIshlnef affair to the State De
partment, asserts that "the reason the
slaughter began In the day time and
was not continued at night was that'
the murderers were too busily engaged
after dark In ravishing Jewish girls and
women." Mr. Heenan Is described by
the New York Sun as a person who
"has long been known to us as a man
of discretion and sobriety of judgment."
It is clear from Consul Heenan's report
that the KIshlnef affair was an awful
crime against humanity, which is with
out parallel In Europe since the sack of
Magdeburg by Tilly In the Thirty
Years' War. Terrible massacres were
wrought by the assassins, who were
tools of the French terrorists of 1792-94;
but these, miscreants only murdered
they did not ravish women. We must
go back to Tilly and the seventeenth
century to find a parallel for the hor
rors of KIshlnef. The Russian peas
antry in savagery are not a whit bet
ter than the Turks in their treatment of
those for whom they feel a religious
and a racial hate. In Russia, in Servia,
In Bulgaria, the Christian peasantry
are as brutal and ferocious when their
passions are aroused as the Turk,
whether soldier or civilian.
Announcement comes from salt water
that a road, after ten years' delay, is
to be built at once from Ilwncn tn
North Head lighthouse. This cannot
neip but prove an added pleasure for
the 10,000 Summer residents of North
Beach. Few of them have ever taken
the trail to the bold headland overlook
ing the ocean and commanding the en
trance to the Columbia. Driving ought
to be more popular than ever this sea
son. There Is the stretch of beach for
twenty miles, so level and smooth- that
a man blindfolded can walk the entire
distance without so much as stubbing
his toe. Then, at the southern end of
the flat sand, a roadway bordered by
some of the tallest timber in the State
of Washington and a wealth of green
shrubbery and ferns, leads to the new
highway. Here is variety of scenic at
tractions hard to match anywhere.
The Chronicle, Call and Examiner,
morning papers of San Francisco, and
the Bulletin and Post, evening papers,
give notice that. In consequence of the
Increased cost of white paper and other
expenses of publication, they are
obliged to advance their subscription
rates. The morning papers advance
their rates from 65 cents to 75 cents a
month; the evening papers in propor
tion. Subscription rates of San Fran
cisco papers have always been too low.
The city Is not large enough to Justify
the low prices. Charges of the after
noon papers of Portland are too low,
both for subscription and advertise
ments. In San Francisco all advertis
ing rates are much higher than In Port
land. There are some heights- that can be
attained by festal decoration in New
York that can be duplicated by no
other city in the world. This Is the illu
mination by electricity of its "sky
scrapers." The effect of this Illumina
tion during the recent celebration of
the 250th anniversary of the founding of
the city was magnificent beyond de
scription. In attempting to forecast
the growth and 'magnificence of the
great metropolis in the next 250 years,
as Judged by the same period in the
past, "imagination's utmost stretch in
wonder dies away." In the words of
Mayor Low, the fascinating story of
the country's material growth and de
velopment can there be read In epit
ome. A pioneer newspaper of Oregon was
the Jacksonville .Sentinel. It was
started In the early '50s, and had a
career of about twenty-five years. W.
G. T'Vault, an original character In
the early history of Oregon, was Its
first editor. B. F. Dowell was long
time Its editor and publisher. For a
number of years D.- M. C. Gault, now
editor of the Hlllsboro Independent
and member of the Legislature for
Washington County, directed It. It
ceased publication a good many years
ago; but there Is a new Jacksonville
Sentinel, started recently by Charles
Meserve. It Is a local weekly, carries
proofs of Industry, and revives memo
ries of the old Jacksonville Sentinel.
A touch of sarcasm was unwittingly
added to the shocking details of the
tragedy in the palace in Belgrade when
Colonel Maschln, leader of the assassins
and cousin of Queen Draga, interfered
to prevent the younger officers from
hurling the bodies of the murdered
rulers out of the window, saying, "That
would be barbarous." It would. Indeed,
have been a pity to give color of bar
barism to the scene enacted In the pal
ace that night,, since the very essence
of a refined civilization was unmistak
ably In the rest of the bloody pro
gramme. The fourth volume of the Jewish En
cyclopedia, Just Issued, contains an ex
haustive, history of the Dreyfus case.
It is a complete exposure of the con
spiracy of injustice and Infamy which
has made this case perhaps the best
known "cause celebre" of modern
times. The writer of this elaborate
article rightly say3 that the case should
be, as It has been, "a lesson to the
whole world of the danger of letting re
ligious prejudice interfere with the
sacred prerogative of justice."
It was at first reported that the mur
dered King of Servia showed the spirit
of a man before his assassins; and,
though he bore a detestable character,
he was commended by the world for
this last display of courage. But It
turns out that in the last act he was
a craven wretch. However, this in no
way relieves his assassins of the odium
of their act. The whole world should
Insist on their punishment
THE ASSASSIN OF LINCOLN.
Whea sad. Hevr BeetM's Body Was
Recognized fey His Half-Brothers.
A witness to the Identification of the
body of John Wilkes Booth by his half
brothers, Edwin and Junius Brutus, has
been talked with In New York. He Is
Frank Oakes Rose, an -actor and stage
manager, and at the time of the exhuma
tion of the body for Its final burial, he was
a member of Ford's stock company In
Baltimore'. William E. Burton the come
dian, one morning seized his arm and
rushed with him to a high fence opposite
the stage door, which they scaled, and
dropping down found two army fflcers.
the two" Booths, Stage Manager Thomas
A. Hall. Manager Ford, and eaveral more
persons. All were presently admitted to
the undertaker's rooms, which were dimly
lighted, and in the center, on undertaker's
horses, rested a coffin which bore the
marks of long confinement In the ground:
I got near the head, close to Edwin Booth.
"I can Identify my brother. John Wilkes
Booth, by a gold-plugged tooth on the right
side of his Jaw, next to the eye tooth." said
Edwin Booth, and the coffin was then opened.
The remains of a man evidently long dead
wens disclosed. Edwin Booth and the under
taker examined the skull, and found the gold
plugged tooth Just as tho former had de
scribed. AH the teeth were fine, white and
strong, and the Jaw was unmistakably that of
the Booth family; even I could see that, who
did not know John Booth personally. The
body was shod with a riding boot on one foot
and a slipper on the other. Burton then spoke
up: "That boot looks like a pair John used to
wear when we went skating," he said. "If It
Is one of the pair, thero will be a hole In the
heel made by the screw of the skate." The
boot was examined and the screw hole found.
There was no doubt In the mind of anybody
present that the body was that of John
Wilkes Booth, and we then filed out I have
never at any time since heard one of those
then present express the slightest doubt as to
the completeness of the Identification. Once
I had the misfortune to refer to that day to
Edwin" Booth, and I shall never forget It. I
was engaged to play Horatio to his Hamlet,
and as we stood in the wings I asked him If
he remembered me. He said he did not, and
I stupidly told him where we had first met.
His face underwent a horrible change. Then
he said slowly: "Oh, yes; that was a sad oc
casion. Rose!" After a long pause, he added:
VI am as well acquainted with you now as I
ever was with my brother John. He was so
peculiar I never seemed to know him.-
GORMAN AND BAILEY.
Boston Herald.
Somebody appears to think that the fact
that Senator Bailey, of Texas, prefers
Senator Gorman, of Maryland, as the
Democratic candidate for the next Presi
dency Is of sufficient importance to be
telegraphed through the land. The two
men have both a certain superiority in
their respective ways, but are very unlike
each other. Bailey Is, brilliant and cap
able in debate, but fatally deficient in
eound judgment. There has seldom been a
worse fiasco than he made as a leader of
the Democrats ln the National House of
Representatives. The manner In which
Tom Reed wound him arounu his finger
there was very much like slaughtering an
innocent. Bailey has capacity enough to
admire Gorman's superiority in qualities
in which the Texas Senator is himself de
ficient, but he has not sufficient discretion
to see that Gorman is about the last man
to make a successful run for the Presi
dency. Gorman's own judgment Is good
better than his honesty, we are inclined to
think; It Is so very good that we find it
Impossible to believe that he docs not see
what an Unpopular candidate he would be
for his party. He Is not the kind of a
man to be dazzled Into the belief that he
can be elected, but very likely he does not
object to the advertising which such a
candidacy, prospective and present, would
afford him. Our word for It, Gorman will
not resign his seat In the Senate to accept
It, however. He knows the difference be
tween, a bird in the hand and a bird in
the bush too well for that.
"Peltlns" and Pence.
Washington Evening Star.
Although it Is '-somewhat- eiribarrasslng
to form new habits of spelling from time
to time to keep abreast of the ortho
graphic fashions, there is reason to re
joice over the xece.nt decision of the Gov
ernmental Board on geographic names
regarding the speJUpg of the name of the
capital of China. As doubtless has been
noted In the news columns, henceforth
this word Is to be spelled "Peking," the
final "g," which was officially cut off by
a decision of the board In 1S97, having
been restored to its historic and honored-of-scholars
position, to use a Celectlal ex
pression. The proofs piled up before the
board that the "g" belongs on the name
appear to have been overwhelming. It Is
unfortunate that they were not adduced
or heeded before tho vote of 1897 removed
the "g," so that there need not have been
this hiatus of six years of curtailed "Pe
kln." Save for perhaps In one instance
of an obstinate sinologue, who refused to
permit the proofreaders at the Govern
ment Printing Office to follow the "style"
of the Board of Geographical Names In
publishing his official reports, the Gov
ernment documents relating to China
which have appeared throughout this pe
riod. Including all concerning the great
Boxer outbreak, are g-less. However,
there is consolation in the fact that the
average reader of Intelligence will be able
in the future. In looking over old Gov
ernment reports If any ever do to read
"Peking" for "Pekln." and to accept
calmly the sudden return to the "g."
Perhaps this six years' war for the res
toration of the "g" to its own will have
been profitable In demonstrating that not
even a government board can lightly dis
pose of the claims of terminal letters and
It may have Its Influence In the future In
making for more assurance in the geog
raphic and orthographic promulgations of
the government. "Peking" forever!
Squeezes.
Hazel Green Herald.
A certain weekly wakes up Its delin
quent subsrlbers in this lively fashion:
"It is eald that a man who squeezes a
dollar never squeezes his wife. A glance
at our subscription book leads us to be
lieve that many women In this section are
not having their ribs cracked. Como in
and settle and show that all's right at
home." A glance at our subscription list
wll Fhow that there are more women
around Hazel Green who have not been
squeezed In the last two or three years
than any other part of the state.
Fate ot the Funny Mas.
He' came to my cottage, a desolate wight.
And his footsteps would falter and lag.
And I said: "Now dismiss him at once from
my sight.
For the fellov Is clearly a vag."
But, "Pity my sorrows." he brokenly said,
"And drop a few tears if you can.
For one from whom hope and ambition have
fled,
A grief-stricken humorist man.
"Oh, once, I knew hope," so he wearily spoke,
"And my thoughts were with humoc- aglow.
It was I who invented the maiden aunt Joke
And the mother-in-law bonmot.
But the wit has been worked by the humorous
gang
Till it's dry as a toper at morn.
And the Jokes that ere now would explode with
a bang
Are held by the people In scorn.
"The Joke on the plumber, that Noah first
made.
Is dead as a porpoise or sprat.
And the bill of .the iceman Is laid In the shade,
And the coal Joke Is deucedly flat.
The bloomer "girl blossomed and bloomed for
awhile.
And her costumes made humorists gay.
But the mention no longer produces a smile.
For her bloomers have faded away.
"Oh. bury me where the alfalfa grows dank
In a ohestnut's lugubrious shade.
Fdr I and my wit have grown equally rank.
And the Joke they call living Is played;
And I long for a rest." Then his troubled
voice broke.
And our teats fell together like dew.
For he sadly recalled things he'd labeled &
Joke.
And I I remember them, too.
A. J. "Waterboue, In N ew York Times.
ROOSEVELT, "THE STRENUOUS."
Testimonial from Joaraal Net
t AmOBK His Admirers.
New Tork Sun.
There will not be much public Interest
In the discussion of the question whether
the Hon. Marcus Alonzo Hanna or tho
Hon. Matthew Stanley Quay would
prove the more trusty and efficient per
son as chairman of the Republican Na
tional committee and .chief engineer of
the campaign next year.
This Is now a mere problem of com
parative anatomy rather than a question
of practical importance. Quay has his
points' ot excellence, and Hanna his his.
Both are veterans. Both have under
taken large contracts in their time, and
carried the same to a successful conclu
sion. Each of them has his own methods
and his own accumulation of experience
In handlins the ftyins-pan. If the choice
were limited to high-grade experts of
the second class and the old school, a
competition between Hanna and Quay
would wake the snakes.
In the evolution of the art of political
management, however, there has arisen
a master to whom either Quay or Hmna
might profitably go for instruction in the
higher branches. Ho has put them both
Into tho second clas3. He Is unquestion
ably In the first class of contempora
neous American campaign managers, and
is there all by himself.
The most astonishing thing about the
sudden rise of the Hon. Theodore Roose
velt to acknowledged supremacy In prac
tical politics Is the circumstance that
only eighteen months ago he was popu
larly supposed to be so Innocent and
untutored In this respect, as to need a
guardian. When he invited the Hon. Hen
ry C. Payne, of Wisconsin, to a seat In
his Cabinet, everybody hailed that ap
pointment as the filling of a conspicu
ous void In the establishment. "Now
the President's political Interests will be
taken care of," people said. "He can
attend to the duties of his office and make
occassional speeches with entire tran
qullty. Payne is on deck. Payne won't
let him do anything fo61lsh. The Postmaster-General
knows the game, and he's
there to play It."
In less than one year and one-half we
perceive an astounding spectacle the
President running his own exalted office,
making occasional speeches at the rate
of 263 in 65 days, running his political
campaign for the nomination with un
precedented energy and supreme con
tempt for the academic rules of pro
cedure, and in addition to all his other
occupations, actually turning around to
pound Payne into a heartier perform
ance of the special detail duties of the
latter's department.
What need of a Hanna or a Quay, any
more than of a Payne? If the Hon.
Theodore Roosevelt wins the Republican-
nomination for President In 1901, It will
have been his own personal achievement.
Whoever Is nominally at the head of
the campaign organization-will be there
because Mr. Roosevelt puts him there.
But In reality the sole manager of the
canvass for Mr. Roosevelt's election will
wear Mr. Roosevelt'3 hat, precisely
as the sole manager of the prelim
inary canvass for nomination has con
tinuously worn Mr. Roosevelt's trousers.
Substantially the same thing may be
said In advance concerning the genesis
of the platform on which Mr. Roosevelt,
if nominated, will run.
Seventy, Every Inch a. Judge.
New York World.
As the month of June came In Asso
ciate Justice Harlan, of the United States
Supreme- Court, completed hie 70th year.
He has served 26 years on the bench.
Under the law he may. If he chooses, re
tire on full pay. Writing a decision on this
subject, with the full court ot hl3 finely
preserved faculties concurring, he chooses
not to do so.
At 70 Justice Harlan walks from Wash
ington to the Chevy Chase Club, a good
seven miles, to play his frequent game
of golf. He seldom rides to or from the
sessions of the court. There are neither
kinks In his muscles nor cobwebs In his
understanding. That healthful exercise
which golf and much walking afford to
his body, wrestlings with the higher
legal problems give to his active brain.
Justice Harlan is the Grand'OId Man of
the Supreme Court and a grand examplar
of what sane living will do for tne joints
and the judgment.
Cockran, tho Hessian.
St. Louis Globe Democrat
It is probable that, subject to this limi
tation of his lack of Influence one way or
the other, Bourke Cochran's advocacy of
the Republican candidate In' 1S96 drove
away some votes from the ticket. Subject
to the same concession, his hostility to the
Republicans In 1900 aided them. Cockran
was, while he was In public life, the best
preserved specimen of the Hessian in poli
tics which the country had seen in some
years. He had been tor and against Tam
many, for and aglnst Cleveland, for and
against the Republican party, for and
against Bryan. He has been on at least
two sides of every issue having that many
sides which has arisen since he landed in
Castle Garden the first time. The papers
which want to have the ex-President nom
inated should take particular pains to
keep Cockran's pro-Cleveland prediction
out of their columns.
American Traditions.
New Orleans Times-Democrat.
"To be as good as our fathers we must
needs be better." The Confederate soldier
did his whole duty and did It well. The
work he left unfinished must be carried
forward by those who follow him. This
may best be done by the new South's
cherishing the Ideals of the old, and
conserving Into the future the ennobling
spirit of the past. Honoring as we do the
heroism Illustrated alike in peace and in
war by the Confederate soldier, and mind
ful of the lessons taught by the conflict,
tho Southern people, with high hope and
clear courage, set their faces toward the
future toward the dawn of a brighter
and better day. Once we had the South;
now we have the whole country. The pos
sesion is one that puts a stout and glad
heart Into every one who calls himself
an American.
The Bad With the Good.
Philadelphia Press.
Visitor Why don't you open your win
dows and let in some freah air?
Flatman Because . as sure as we do
we'll let In some stale air that cornetlst
next door starts playing about this time
o'nlght.
The Barefoot Boy.
J. C Stewart in Boston Journal.
The barefoot boy is coming, and right now he
has the blues.
Because his cautious mother will not let him
shed his shoes. v
Hea anxious for the freedom of the barefoot
boy at? dawn,
"Who does not have to bother with the foot
wear girls put on.
He wants to wa'de In water every morning
when he goes y
To school with other youngsters, and get mud
between bis toes.
The barefoot boy is coming, and, ere long, he
will be here.
With feet as tough and. dirty as they could be
made, I fear.
He'll have stone bruises on them and will oft
be walking lame.
And yet you may be certain he'll be happy
just the same.
He'll stub a toe quite' often, yet a little thing
like that
Won't feaxe him for a minute. He'll he Johnny
at th bat!
The barefoot boy Is coming, and If you wens
. once a boy
You know- that when we see him we will find,
him full of Joy.
He will not mind the bruises! Has not every
youngster paid
In Injured feet full value for the chance
he got to wade?
He will not mind mosqultcs, nor for brier
scratches care;
And he will s-aeer at stockings when his sun
burned feet are bare.
X0TE AND COMMENT.
Mr. Brownell Is waiting for the light
nings to strike.
The Shamrock IU probably suits Sir
Thomas to. a. "T."
The Port of Portland will resume tha
hide-and-seek game this afternon.
The aweet girl graduate holds the cen
ter of the stage at the present time.
The open season for commencement
exercises and street fairs Is now on.
The cloudburst is simply another ex
ample of Oregon's overflowing prosperity.
There Is to be an Oratorical contest at
Eugene this week. Look out for after
squalls. For a country so small, Servia has as
much bottled-up energy as a South
American republic
The reason thev call It a standlne
army In Servia is probably because there
isn't room lor It to sit down.
Mr. Cleveland says he doesn's want to
be a college president. Grover wants
something a little more real.
A man named Beer fell 90 feet at
Oregon City Saturday and escaped un
hurt. A person with a name like that
could pretty near do anything and remain
uninjured.
Mr. Schwab has announced that the
Bethlehem Steel Company only made
i2,000,000 during the year. Even this
amount of money would keep some of
us in cigars.
W. S. Gilbert, formerly of Gilbert and
Sullivan comic-opera fame, wrote as fol
lows to a London newspaper recently:
"There is a line In your Issue of May 15
that must have sent a thrill of joy through
many a worthy home.- I refer to the line
In an article headed A Naval Battle. in
which I am referred to as the iate W. S.
Gilbert.' I am always sorry to spoil sport,
but common candor compels me to admit
(reluctantly) that I am still alive."
The Rock Island crowd was the sub
ject of conversation one day last week In
the brokerage office where Henry Clews
does business and makes speeches, says
the New York Times. Mr. Clews had the
floor. "I don't think tfie Big Four is
taking any interest In the market," said
he, "unless all signs fall. Leeds Is down
at Hot Springs, Va., taking a rest. Reld
Is touring the West In a private train. J.
H. Moore Is away on a yachting cruise.
Judge Moore is generally driving in the
park " "And their friends are walk
ing!" Interrupted some one in the crowd.
Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish has such an as
sured place in society that she does not
hesitate to tell of her husband's early
struggles with the world. In fact, she Is
rather fond of doing so. While In Nice
last Spring she related at a dinner party
how Mr. Fish worked his way up to the
presidency of the Illinois Central Rail
road. A German Princeling who was
among the guests remarked, with just the
trace of a sneer: "I had always heard
that your husband came from a fine fam
ily." Mrs. Fish met this thrust with per
fect good nature. "Oh yes, he does. But,
you see, in America It Is not a disgrace to
work. How much better It would be If
those conditions prevailed In Europe. We
In America would be spared so many titled
nonentities."
President Diaz, of Mexico, plays the
role of "benevolent despot" whenever in
his judgment circumstances warrant. At
one time his son-in-law became entangled
with a rather disreputable club, the repu
tation of which became so unsavory that
Diaz determined to break it up. One even
ing he Invited his son-in-law to dinner,
and though the younger man ventured to
hint at another engagement, the Presi
dent would take no excuse. He even had
his son-in-law play billiards with him for
an hour or so. Finally Diaz was called to
the telephone, where he listened to a re
port, after which he said: "I have just
been In conversation with the Chief of Po
lice, who has raided that questionable re
sort which you have been frequenting.
All your companions were arrested, as.
you would have been had you not been
dining here. Good-night."
A naval officer recently returned from
China tells an extraordinary story about
a derelict which has been floating around
the Eastern sea. The Fannie Kerr is a
four-masted bark of 2426 tons, built of
steel. She left Newcastle In April, 1902,
with a cargo of coal for San Francisco.
She rounded the Horn safely, but her
cargo caught fire In the South Pacific, and
after trying for more than a month to ex
tinguish the flames, the ship became so hot
that the captain and crew abandoned her
on June 6 and took to their boats. They
landed at Kauai, an Island of the Ha
waiian group, made their way to Hono
lulu, where the captain made his report
and the crew was discharged. On March
10 last the captain of the steamship
Heathdene. bound from Yokohama for
Formosa, sighted a vessel adrift, from
which smoke seemed to arise. Steaming
toward her, he discovered that she was the
long-mlsslng Fannie Kerr, which had
been gradually drifting westward several
thousand miles for nearly nine months,
with her cargo still on fire.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHS-HS
"Well, I declare! Another Turkish atro
city." "Rug. cigarette or massacre?" Puck.
Mae What is your ideal of a man? Ethel
One who is clever enough to make money,
and foolish enough to spend It freely. Life.
A hired man's revenge. The cornerstone for
going to do with it. The kid What! A 'ole
penny all in once! Tell you what, guv'nor, I'll
.toes' yer double or quits for it. Pick-Me-Up.
They came to a place where the workmen
'were repairing the sewer, and he sniffed the
air. "By George!" he exclaimed, "this makes
me think ct my gasoline automobile. Chi
cago Evening Post.
"You could ell him a captain of Industry,
couldn't you" "You could, but you wouldn't
do it If you were wise at least not to his face.
He thinks he's at least a colonel of industry."
Chicago Evening Post.
Ernie Yes; they eloped la an automobile.
Ethel And her father was standing right in
the roadway. Ernie Did he Intercept them?
Ethel No; he was glad they didn't run over
him. Chicago Dally News.
"Things are wrong." remarked the observer
of events and things, "when a reputable phy
sician has to pay money for a certificate to
practice, and a 14-year-old girl with a new
piano- doesn't." Yonkers Statesman.
The time to talk "Oh, yes, she's always be
ing Invited ont to musicals. She's a great
one to keep the conversational ball a-rolllng."
-'Great talker, eh?" "Oh, no. she sings on
the slightest provocation." Philadelphia Press.
"How was Ethelinda's graduation essay?"
"Beautiful," answered the proud mother. "We
spared no expense in ribbons to bind It, and I
have no hesitation in saying it was the most
becoming essay la the class." Washlngtos
Star.
Hlller What Is the matter between Grimes
and Miss Wllker. I hear that they parted In
anger Just as they were about to be mar
ried? Marks Oh, no; there was no anger
about It. Just as the ceremony was to begin.
Miss Wllker discovered that Grimes wore
gloves that were bought of a man who refused
to quit work out ot sympathy with'th strik
ing street sweepers. Boston Transcript.