THE MORNING OEEGONIA SATURDAY, MAY 23, 1903.
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TODAY'S WEATHER-iFalr and slightly
wanner; northwesterly winds.
""YESTERDAY S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature. 31 deg.; minimum, 46 deg.; precipi
tation, .08 inch.
"PORTLAND, SATURDAY, MAY S3, 1003
THE AMERICAN RACE.
President Roosevelt, in his speech at
Kalama, 'Wash., yesterday, among other
things said:
Here on the Paclflc Coast we shall see a pe
culiarly masterful and dominant type of our
people grow up. a people In whoso veins now
flows and will flow in the future blood of many
different European races and strains blood
drawn from the veins of most of the nations
ot Central and Western Europe, and now a
new stock run Into a new mold In the new
surroundings of our own continent.
The President's forecast is likely to
come true, Of our Immigration up to
1890, the vast majority was from the
races of Northern Europe, but today
Southern and Eastern Europe are mak
ing the largest additions to our popu
lation. Between 1S20 and 1SS0, out of a
total immigration of about 20,000,000,
only 162,018 came from Italy and Austria-Hungary,
but from 1S80 to 1900 the
aggregate from those countries was
1,905,63. In the year 1902, 178,375 im
migrants came from Italy and 171.9S9
from Austria-Hungary, and this immi
gration Is even greater in 1903. The
Immigration from Germany, Ireland
and Scandinavia last year was alto
gether but 105,820, as ccmpared with the
178,375 from Italy alone. According to
the census of 1900, the foreign-born
population of the United States was
10,460.085, and included but 276,249 Aus
trlans, 156,991 Bohemians, 145,802 Hun
garians and 484,207 Italians. Since then
both the Austro-Hungarian and Ital
ian population must have been more
than doubled by Immigration alone, ex
clusive of Its large natural increase..
Up to 1900 the racial elements of
Northern Europe were by far the larg
est, but the immigration since 1900 from
Southern and Eastern Europe has in
creased so largely that it forms today
about four-fifths of the unprecedentedly
large total immigration. This state of
things is likely to be maintained for
many years to come. The countries of
Northern Europe are no longer as
severely congested as to population as
they were before 1880, while the coun
tries of Southern and Eastern Europe
are driven by military conscription and
agricultural hardship to flock to our
shores. "What effect fifty years of this
Immigration from Southern and East
ern Europe will have upon the char
acter of the American people is an in
teresting question for consideration.
It is highly probable that a considerable
portion of this immigration will ulti
mately find Its way to the Paclflc Coast
States and to the Gulf States of the
South. The Hungarian and Italian
peasantry are fairly well skilled In ag
riculture and the culture of the olive
Bjld vine. To such a people the climate
nd other characteristics of California
and the Gulf States of the South would
doubtless be more Inviting than those of
"New England or the Middle "West.
The South absorbed little or nothing
of the great flood of European immi
gration that was poured upon our
shores from 1820 to the outbreak of the
Civil War, for the presence of slave
1 labor in the South furnished the skilled
or unskilled Immigrant labor of Eu
rope with no opportunity for employ
ment, so that the "poor" whites of the
South included a far larger number of
pure native-born Americans than did
the "poor" whites of the North. The
growth and development of the South
elnce 1SS0 has Increased the opportunity
tor Industrial employment of European
Immigrants. There are today probably
not less than 25.00Q Italians in the
States of Louisiana and Mississippi,
and, as the worth of the Italian as an
agricultural worker becomes more gen
erally known, the number of Italians
in the Gulf -States of Mississippi, Lou
isiana and Texas will be greatly In
creased. The peasantry of Austria-
Hungary and of Italy will naturally
be attracted to the Paclflc Coast by Its
mild climate and its diversified indus
tries of grain and frultraislng. The
culture of the vine, olive and flg Is
likely to Increase henceforth in Cali
fornia, and in that event there would
be an Increased demand for Italian im
migrant labor.
The character of the so-called "Amer
ican race" is sure to be considerably
modified by this largely increased In
fusion of Italian and Hungarian blood.
Hitherto the vast majority of our Im
migrants have been, up to 1900, either
irom Jungnsn-speaKing countries or
from Teutonic races, but the present
and impending immigration comes
largely of the Latin race, who, though
' inferior in some respects to the north
ern races of Europe, is superior to
them in a popular taste for music and
an artistic sense of beauty. The new
infusion will not make us a stronger
race, but it may make us a more light
hearted, versatile and mercurial peo
ple. Certainly it is true today that our
American civilization makes no large
contribution to the world of art, of mu
sic or high literature. We make money
rapidly: wc furnish a good market for
the products of the artistic brains of
France, Germany and Italy, but we
lack something of artistic taste and
vision that is possessed in a decent de
gree by the peasantry of Europe and in
a superior degree by the Hungarian
gypsies. President Roosevelt's forecast
of the American p'eople as a composite
race will be realized, and its realiza
tion will make us more attractive in
.mind and body.
BLESSINGS OP CHEAP COAL.
The engagement of an unusually
large fleet of ships to load coal at New
castle for San Francisco supplies the
text from which numerous protection
ists of the rabid type are preaching on
the Injustice to the down-trodden mine
owners of the Paclflc Coast. "The ship
ments," says a Tacoma trade paper, in
a sarcastic vein, "are the largest on rec
ord, and stand as a tribute to the Gov
ernment's beneficent action in eliminat
ing the duty on foreign coal." Perhaps,
after all, there is something beneficent
in the action of the Government. It is
a certainty that the consumers of coal
will view it in that light, but California
in particular and the Pacific Coast in
general are profiting more by the com
ing of that big fleet of coal ships than
they could possibly profit by re-establishing
the duty.
The Newcastle coal fleet en route
and chartered to load at San Francisco
has, in round numbers, a carrying ca
pacity of 300,000 tons. In abolishing the
duty of 67 cents per ton, the United
States is ostensibly losing a matter of
$200,000 on the cargoes of the fleet Ac
tually, the loss is much less, as a good
portion of the coal coming from Aus
tralia will take the place of British
Columbia coal, on which the San Fran
cisco market has relied to a greater
extent than on that mined on the
American side of the line. Cheap
freights from Australia and a Btrike
among the British Columbia coal miners
are the predominant factors in the pres
ent heavy movement of coal from New
castle to San Francisco, and to offset
this "theoretical" loss of 5200,000 in
duty, we have headed for the Paclflc
Coast a fleet of coal ships of sufficient
proportions to lower ocean freights on
grain to Europe more than six shillings
per ton, as compared with rates at a
similar period last season. This saving
of six shillings per ton on the export
able surplus of the California crop
alone will amount to over $1,000,000,
and, as -rates from all other Paclflc
Coast ports are affected by the same
conditions as affect them in the San
Francisco market, the producers ship
ping from Puget Sound and Portland
are also reaping rich dividends In the
way of reduced ocean freight rates.
Reduced to figures, a few Paclflc
Coast mineowners have theoretically
lost the sale of about 300,000 tons of
coal, worth probably $1,000,000 at tide
water. The consumers have effected a
saving of nearly $200,000 by securing
supplies, duty free, at a lower price
than the mineowners in this country
would make. The producers of the
Coast have secured a rate on outward
ocean freight which has added over
$1,000,000 to the value of the California
grain crop alone, and an even greater
amount to the value of the Oregon and
Washington cropa. The duty on coal
Is only one of the many forms of in
flicting an unjust tax on the many for
the benefit of the few. If the Australian
mlneowner can supply the thousands
of coal consumers in San Francisco with
good coal at a lower price than is de
manded for the American product, the
consumer should have the right to buy
it without an added duty for the pro
tection of one or two millionaire mine-
owners, when this differential in favor
of the Australian mlneowner and the
American consumers has the added
benefit of providing American produc
ers with cheaper ocean rates, thus en
hancing the value of their products,
the system should be encouraged and
not discouraged.
If our coal mines cannot be worked
to a profit in competition with those of
Australia, 6000 miles away, the mine
owner should devote his capital to the
numberless industries that will pay a
profit, Instead of asking Government
aid in the shape of a protective tariff.
The Eastern coal barons who have been
giyen vast fortunes through protection
have not conducted themselves in a
manner which should make the average
American desire a continuation of that
aid in any part; of the country, and it is
about time that the coal industry, like
other industries in the hands of large
capitalists, Bhould stand or fall on its
merits.
PROGRESS OP LIQUOR LAWS.
Under the new Vermont local option
license law, all license fees go, one
half to the local treasury and one-half
for the construction of permanent high
ways throughout the state. The penal
ties for violation of the law are from
$100 to $300 for each offense. Every
policeman, Sheriff and Constable must
report forthwith to the License Board,
under penalty of $200 fine, any violation
brought to his attention. The License
Board must, under penalty of $500 fine,
prosecute every complaint, if well
founded. Every licensee is placed un
der $3000 bonds from two townsmen.
whose liability extends to any action
for civil damage; and it Is provided that
no person "directly or indirectly en
gaged In the liquor traffic shall be ae
cepted on any bond, nor shall one per
son be accepted on more than one
bond." The licenses are limited to one
for each thousand of population, which
Is only sufficient for the hotels and
bona fide restaurants and an occasional
drug store for trade In bottled goods,
not leaving room for more than a dozen
mere saloons in the state. For towns
that vote "no license" there is a pro
vision for a purely medicinal drug-store
license to sell only on a physician's
prescription. New Hampshire's local,
option license law follows closely that
cf Vermont.
Of the seventeen states that once en
acted prohibition, all but three have
abandoned It, viz., Maine. Kansas and
North Dakota, In each of which the
law is a farce. The Improvement of the
sobriety of the American people has
been very great since the first move
ment In the direction of temperance
began. In 1817 in New York City one
inhabitant in eight was living on char
ity, while of this pauperism seven
eighths was due to intemperance. In.
the same year the report of the Mayor
showed 2500 grog shops in a population
of about 115.000. or above one to each
flfty people. In 1827, when Dr. Chan,
nlng preached his, first temperance ser
mon, he urged abstinence from- ardent
spirits, but favored, moderate lndul
; genco in wine. In 1840 Dr. Channing
preached strongly in favor of total ab
stinence from ardent spirits, wine. Deer
rand all alcoholic stimulants.
A FLASH IN THE PAN.
The effort to defeat or hold up the
Lewis and Clark Fair through appeal
to the referendum may be designated,
in the language of the hunter in the
old days of the flintlock fowling piece,
as a "flash in the pan." There has been
a good deal of talk In certain circles
about the matter, and many opinions
that have not had legitimate bearing
upon the subject have been exploited in
regard to It Spite work, that childish
expedient to which "boys grown tall"
resort when they cannot have their
way, in regard to general matters which
with loud acclaim they seek to make
their special business has been evoked
against the Fair. Statements that have
no foundation outside of the imagina
tions of people-Who, in season and out
of season, clamor for their "rights"
have been made, the purpose of which
was to prejudice the popular mind
against the Fair as a "graft" levied
upon the taxpaying public for the bene
flt of a few. To answer these state
ments was merely to give a limited
number of persons who persist in tak
ing a narrow view of large matters a
further chance to vex the passive ear
of the larger-minded public by repeat
ing again "the same old slabbered tale,"
the keynote of which is the woes of a
certain class and the greed of another.
Hence It was thought wise and proper
to allow this narrow spirit of opposi
tion to the Lewis and Clark Fair to
work- itself out, practically unchal
lenged. This It has done, with the re
sult that the state appropriation stands
unchallenged by the power of the refer
endum. Some industry was shown in the ef
fort to collect 43E6 signatures required
to effect tills object This is shown in
the fact that a total of 3900 names was
secured, and at the expiration of the
limit allowed for such effort placed on
file.
While it is not doubted that many
persons signed these petitions because
they thought it proper for the people to
have a chance to vote upon so large an
appropriation. Intending themselves to
vote in the affirmative when the time
came, the fact remains that the effort
was inaugurated and in the main
pushed by short-sighted men who did
not realize the awkward position In
which the state would be placed by
this appeal to the referendum. The de
lay that it would have caused would
have rendered It practically' Impossible
for the Lewis and Clark Fair to have
taken place at the time appointed, the
centennial year of the great event that
It Is 'to commemorate. However, all Is
well that ends well, and this Is the end
of a futile attempt to strike a death
blow to the Lewis and Clark Fair by
holding up the state appropriation.
PUBLIC CORRUPTION.
The municipal corruption exposed in
St Louis has sent six or eight mem
bers of the city government to the
penitentiary; there are five members
of the State Legislature under In
dictment for selling their votes; the
Lieutenant-Governor has confessed his
guilty knowledge of the corruptions,
and his share In the spoil. Ex-Governor
and now United States Senator Stone
worked jointly with the notorious lob
byist of the anti-alum trust that scat
tered the corruption fund in the Legis
lature. This disgraceful situation exists
In an old state admitted to the Union
In 1820, and under Democratic rule for
thirty years. There are other states,
like Massachusetts, where the press
charge a steady growth of Legislative
corruption. The Fltchburg (Mass.) Sen
tinel says that this" corruption has taken
a peculiar form. Formerly petitioners
for legislation furnished money to bribe
Legislators to vote for what they want
ed, but today the honest petitioner who
has an innocent bill to be passed is
blackmailed Into paying money for Its
passage. If he refuses to pay the price
demanded, he is denied the passage of
his bill.
The West End investigation of 1890
revealed the fact that Henry M.
Whitney paid about $50,000 for the pass
age of the West End street railway
bill. The Boston & Albany Railroad
Company three years ago made sworn
return that it paid about $33,000 for
the passage of the bill to lease that road
to the New York Central Railroad Com
pany, and the Boston & Maine $32,000,
according to Its sworn return, for the
bill leasing the Fltchburg. This took
place under the old system when
wealthy brlbe-glvers went to the State
house and paid out money lavishly to
secure the passage of their bills. But
under the present system of corruption,
the bandit Massachusetts Legislators
hold up Innocent petitioners as well as
those who are ready to pay. This sys
tem, of course. Is the natural and in
evitable outgrowth of the former cor
ruption. As soon as It was evident that
great sums of money could be made In
blackmail at the Statehouse, corrupt
piratical creatures sought election to
the Legislature In order to ply their vo
cation by using their official position to
extort money from all parties who
sought legislation.
The result Is that every man who has
-any money In his pocket Is forced to
buy the passage of his bill or submit
to Its defeat This Is the present situa
tion in Massachusetts, which Is only re
peating the experience of New York
State. Many years ago the New York
Central & Hudson River Railroad spent
money In corrupting the State Legisla
ture, but soon the corrupt Legislators
began to hold up the railroad, so that
the old-time briber was bled at every
opportunity by the men he once sought
to bribe. The railroad, after obtaining
by bribery the privileges from the Leg
islature It desired, was stupid enough
to suppose that when It asked for en
tirely legitimate legislation It could
easily secure It without corruption. But
the men whom the railroad had orig
inally corrupted at once blackmailed
the corporations and obliged them to
pay heavily for the enactment of legis
lation that stood for nothing but sim
ple justice and the public weal.
For years the Vanderbllt system kept
a lobbyist at Albany, not to bribe the
Legislature to enact Injustice and ex
tortion, but to defend the simple pub
lic rights of the corporation from the
blackmailers of the Legislature, who
annually held up the railroads, even
when they sought only legislation that
was necessary to the safe operation ot
the railroad and the protection of the
public In the upper branch of the
Massachusetts Legislature an investiga
tion is going on Into charges of bribery,
and similar charges are raised In nearly
every Legislature that meets. Public
corruption is more or less prevalent in
all the states. It Is employed either to
defeat desirable legislation in the gen
eral public interest or to prevent ob
jectionable legislation on behalf of spe
cial interests. Because corrupt influ
ences can control a legislative body
more easily than they can the whole
body of the people, the referendum has
obtained strong support In many states,
since it admits the whole body of voters
to a direct voice In regard to the par
ticular acts of the legislative body.
The record of corruption within and
without the State Legislatures affords
a subject for melancholy reflection, but
it cannot be said that things are worse
than they were in the early days of the
Republic; measured by our enormous
Increase of population and wealth,
things are not as bad with us as they
were in the days of Aaron Burr and
De Witt Clinton, and later, when sev
eral of the prominent leaders of the
Federalist party In New York were
shown to have been corrupt advocates
of the charter of the Bank or America,
accepting for their service a bribe of
$20,000. Among the men Involved in
the scandal were Judge William Van
Ness and ex-State Treasurer Van Rens
selaer. The Missouri scandals were
common -enough In the days of the
"Fathers of the Republic," for never
since their day has the New York Leg
islature been more corrupt than It was
from 1791 to 1815. The "honors" of
legislative corruption were pretty even
ly distributed between the two parties.
Burr was more astute, but no more un
scrupulous, than his political rivals In
corrupt intrigue.
The author of a recently published
book on "Canada and the United
States," after quoting some youthful
verses written by John Hay, says: "Go
over the roll of American Secretaries
of State since Hamilton, and see if
you can find among all these mediocri
ties one with, the ability to write such
lines." Hamilton was never Secretary
of State, and "mediocre" Is not a proper
term to apply to such men as Jefferson,
Marshall, Madison, John Qulncy
Adams, Webster, Calhoun, 'Clay, Liv
ingston, Everett Marcy, Black, Sew
ard, Blaine, Fish and Olney. The same
writer absurdly say3 that Mr. Roose
velt "differs from most of the previous
Presidents In that he Is a gentleman
by birth and breeding," and further re
marks that "the early careers of Ihe
Presidents have not qualified them to
lead the world of fashion, and this re
mark extends to their wives, with the
exception of Mrs. Cleveland and Mrs.
Roosevelt" Mrs. Washington, Mrs.
John Adams, Mrs. Madison and the
second Mrs. Tyler were most accom
plished women, who "would have been
distinguished by their social grace and
leadership In any circle.
Portland has again been turned down
by the Government In the matter of
transport service to Manila. The bid
from this city was the same on freight
as that made by the Puget Sound and
San Francisco bidders, and Laldlaw &
Co. gave the Government an option not
tendered by any of the other bidders.
They not only agreed to supply trans
ports whenever needed, but agreed to
place them at the service of the Gov
ernment at Portland, San Francisco or
Puget Sound. The acceptance of this
Portland bid would have enabled the
Government to ship by the $4.25 rate
from any port where the freight could
be gathered to the best advantage. In
accepting the Seattle and San Francisco
bids, the Government must now ship
the freight by rail from Portland to the
other ports. This .will be expensive and
unbusinesslike. With its customary
time-honored discrimination against
Portland, however, the department will
be in a position to decline to purchase
anything In this city, as It Is now forti
fied with the excuse that It would cost
too much to get It to the transports
with which it has contracts.
Argentine wheat shipments this week
again run well past the 2,000,000
bushel mark, and swell the total from
that country since January 1 to over
37,000.000 bushels. These enormous ship
ments as yet have failed to cause very
much weakness In the market, and,
while they must be nearlng the top
notch, are already sufficient to con
firm previously reported estimates of
a 60,000,000-bushel surplus from our
chief competitor In the Southern Hemi
sphere. The wheatgrower can find
some hope In the situation, however
by noting the fact that of this week's
shipments nearly one-sixth were di
verted to Australia, thus reducing the
amount which Is being dumped on the
EurQpean market from a country that
usually sends everything to the United
Kingdom. Europe is on short rations
already, and It will need all of the sur
plus that can be spared from the Ar
gentine to prevent prices making still
further advances before the coming
crop In America Is ready for shipment
The Chicago News thinks that "If
Mark Hanna can settle all tho strikes,
a little Job like being President would
not tax his powers." But says the
Cincinnati Enquirer, ""Mark cannot"
Against the first assumption Is the fact,
as stated by Voltaire, that "all animals
are perpetually at war." This is true,
whether applied to capital and labor.
the Ins and outs In politics, or the
-would-be leaders In the social relation
Difficulties between these warring ele
ments cannot be settled by dreams of
brotherly love or the deep-laid schemes
of astute politicians. Many, If not most
of them, have to wear themselves out,
and arbitration usually is powerless un
til obstinacy on one side or both reaches
the tired stage, or until, In the case of
labor strikes, outraged public-interests
rise In their might and Insist that the
chasm between the warring factions In
the Industrial world patch up at least
a temporary peace.
In the Sunday Oregonlan tomorrow
Mrs. John A. Logan will tell how In
1868 her distinguished husband, then
Commander-in-Chief of the - Grand
Army of the Republic, was Inspired to
issue his first order calling on the sev
eral departments to observe Memorial
day. Mrs. Logan's personal connection
with the birth of this ceremonial is not
the least Interesting part of the nar
rative. Sir Robert GIffen, the great English
political economist, a year or more ago
denounced Mr. Chamberlain's, preferen
tial policy for the benefit of the colonies
as a scheme to throw away three hun
dred millions of trade in order to gain
thirty millions.
Secretary Root gave a dinner at
Washington on the 15th Inst to the
officers of the Army and General Staff,
The only officer of prominence living
in Washington who was not Invited was
Lieutenant-General Miles.
Every lover of Emerson will be Inter
ested In a page of tomorrow's issue of
The Oregonlan devoted to the great
philosopher, whose centenary the coun
try 13 now observing.
HOW A FAMOUS SONG WAS WRITTEN
Chicago Tribune.
Efforts by veterans of the great Civil
War to discover the authors of "John
Brown's Body" from the ash heap of
time have brought to light the history
of the stirring song.
A man In Oshkosh is able to tell the
story, for he was one of the original quar
tet that sang It over 40 years ago, and
ho assisted in the evolution of the song.
This modest veteran of the rebellion, who
was one of the men who made- the. mem
orable escape from the tunnel at Libby
Prison, is James Howard Jenkins, presi
dent of the German National Bank at
Oshkosh.
Thla Is how Mr. Jenkins tells of the
birth of the song: In the early Spring ot
1S61 the Boston Light Infantry, a bat
talion of three companies, under com
mand of Major Rogers, of the Boston
Journal, was sent to Fort Warren, in
Boston harbor, for drill and garrison duty.
This battalion was made up largely of the
better class of city boys and was to
Boston what the Seventh Regiment was
to New York.
When the demand for troops became
pressing the battalion offered its services,
which, however, could not be accepted.
eavo as it could be incorporated In one of
the regiments then forming. Accordingly
the battalion was disbanded and a rush
Was made by its members to enlist In the
Tweltfh and Thirteenth Regiments. The
Twelfth was completed first and was sent
to Fort warren for organization and drill.
Among lta members were many excel
lent singers. One of the male quartets
was composed of four Sergeants Jenkins.
Brown. Edgerly and Eldredge who were
continually on the lookout for a good
marching melody upon which to construct
a regimental war song. From some un
known quarter camd a verse:
John Brown's body ues a-moulderlng la the
grave.
His soul Is marching on.
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
In searching, for a fitting tune they
adapted an old camp-meeting melody
eung by the colored Methodists at the
Martha's Vineyard camp meetings to the
words:
Come, brothers, will you meet us?
The song "took" at once, and the sim
plicity of the chorus, with Its swing and
lilt, made it at once popular. The verses
that followed were improvised from time
to time. The death of Colonel Ellsworth.
which occurred at that time, occasioned
tho verse:
"We lament the death of Colonel Ellsworth,
And his pets (hla Zouaves) wjll meet him on
the way.
The second tenor of the quartet was a
short, broad-shouldered Scotchman named
John Brown. When he put on his knap
sack for the first time, with his red-lined
overcoat rolled on Its top, he looked so
topheavy that the boye laughed at him.
But quick wilted and good natured, he
retorted by marching up and down sing
ing: John Brown's knapsack. Is strapped upon his
back.
This was straightway added to the list
of verses. "We'll hang Jeff Davis to a
sour apple tree" was the natural expres
sion of a rampant Massachusetts man.
On Saturday afternoon Gllmore's band
camo to the fort to play at dress parade,
and large numbers of visitors were also
present One Saturday the quartet went
with Gllmore Into one of the casemates
and sang the song to him, he following
with his cornet till he had fixed the air in
his memory. On his return to Boston he
had It arranged for his band. The follow
ing Saturday It was played for the first
time in front of the Twelfth Massachus
etts Volunteer Infantry at dress parade
at Fort Warren, Beaton harbor.
On Its way to the front the regiment
passed through New York and dined on
City Hall Square. When the line was
formed to march down Broadway to the
ferry the band struck up "John Brown,"
and the regiment sang it to the cheers
and shouting and 'excitement of the thou
sands that lined the street.
While the song became a National one,
yet the Twelfth Massachusetts was al
ways known In Its department . as the
"hallelujah regiment"
Of the original quartet John Brown was
drowned while crossing a swollen stream
near Fort Royal. Eldredge died some
years ago. Edgerley at last accounts was
living In Boston. The fourth member of
the quartet J. H. Jenkins, has lived In
Oshkosh since 1S65, and has presented the
foregoing as what he conceives to be the
correct version of the origin of the most
famous of the Northern battle songs of
tho Civil War.
Stntae and Poet.
Springfield Republican.
Emma Lazarus, poet, translator of
Heine, and one of the most remarkable
gifts of the Hebrew race to this country,
has been honored In an exceptional way
by tho placing of a bronze memorial tab
let Inside the pedestal of the statue on
Bedloe's Island of "Liberty Lighting the
World." bearing, her name and her sonnet,
"The New Colossus," written 20 years ago
and dedicated to the statue. It now be
comes the dedication of the statue, the
noblest poem, perhaps, of all that were
written for It. and Stcdman. O'Reilly and
other excelle'nt writers were moved by
the great theme. Emma Lazarus died In
1SS7. but she had left behind In the "Songs
of a Semite" and other books of verse a
worthy contribution to both literature and
the freedom of humanity; like Heine, she
could have said, "Lay a sword upon my
coffin, for I was a valiant soldier In the
war for the liberation of humanity." Her'
high appeal to her race and to the world
at the time of the expulsion of Jews from
Russia In 18S0-S1 was not of a nature to
be soon forgotten. Had she lived until
this day, her voice would have been heard
to large purpose In the chorus of singers
against the imperialistic policy which has
degraded the significance of "Liberty
Lighting the World." It Is most fitting
that among the inscriptions within the
chamber of the pedestal her noble sonnet
should be placed as a consecration. It Is
"as follows:
Not like tho brazen giant of Greek fame,
"With conquering limbs astride from land to
land:
Here at our sea-washed sunset gates shall
stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flams
Is tho imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes com
mand v
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities
frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pompt"
cries she
With silent lips. "Give mo your tired, your
. poor, ,
Tour huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore-
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost, to me;
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Aye, Where Are They?
Catholic Sentinel.
Where are the champions of organized
labor now. In this tho hour of mlsfor
tune? A thousand volumes In a thou
sands tongues bespeaks the lessons of
experience, yet some of -us will wade
through them all and come out none tho
wiser: The march of the human mind
Is slow, says Burke, and experience is a
dear teacher. Yet if we will learn by no
other, what we do learn in this wlse. we
learn well. Organized labor has learned
to differentiate between the politician and
the statesman, between outward suavity
and inward barrenness, between a rugged
exterior and innate stability, between the
man who appeals to the understanding
and the man who appeals to the pas
sions, between blarney and brains.
Use and AbBic of the Refer en dam.
Adams Advance.
The Initiative and referendum was de
signed to forward the best interests and
wishes of the people and not to hinder,
so the sooner the people set down on
anyone trying to make use of it for ex
actly the opposite the better It will be
for all concerned. If it is. to be continu
ally used as a menace to progress and
advancement as a bar to Improvements
and other worthy moves in this way, then
let It be repealed at once.
HARRIMAN'S RAILROADING.
Lewiston Tribune.
The city of Portland. It seems, has
finally become quickened to the obstacle
the Harriman transportation system pre
sents against tho logical development of
the Northwest country, and with that
city thoroughly aroused tothe situation
there need be little doubt but that some
thing Is going to happen and happen soon.
No business Institution can afford to in
cur the just reproaches and animosities
the Harriman institution is incurring In
the Northwest especially among those
who are entitled to and want to be Its
friends and to whom it must look for
protection against unjust attacks and
penalties to which It is expected through
popular prejudices. The indignant and
aggressive feeling now prevailing In Port
land against this corporation is indi
cated by almost daily utterances in The
Oregonlan.
If Portland is hurt by having the trade
naturally belonging to it unnaturally di
verted, the country whose trade Is un
naturally diverted is similarly hurt The
Clearwater-country has a right to do its
business with Portland because the route
there is shorter, quicker and easier than
to any other commercial seat The Har
riman system, however, forces this coun
try to carry Its commerce to distant un
familiar and unnatural points, and the
traffic not only has to bear the Increased
cost, but loses the advantage to which
it is entitled by being on the direct water
grade route and in close connection with
Its proper market seat. How long this
condition will continue no one but Har
riman can tell. Why it exists at all
no one but Harriman can tell. Now since
the Clearwater country has the prospect
of getting its commerce down the river
by opening the water route Harriman
again Interferes, so Portland says, to
keep the water route closed and compel
this commerce to still go out by the
mountain route to strange destinations.
Harriman is doubtless an adroit and cal
culating financier, and so It is impossible
to say how long he thinks he can keep
this gait up, but as The Oregonlan Inti
mates, he is apt to return some day and
find something doing and the plain peo
ple doing it
A TEMPERANCE HOTEL.
Irreverently Compared WItE a Uni
tarian Meeting-House.
London Letter In Christian Register.
My traveling companion was a some
what too familiar and facetious fellow to
accompany me on such a pilgrimage. But
I have known him many years, and al
ways tell my friends not to take him too
seriously, and add that "his heart is gen
erally In the right place." The first night
we were sent to a temperance hotel; but
there was no room for us In that inn, so
we were passed on to another. Our rooms
were not luxurious. We were not op
pressed by too much covering on our
couches: but under overcoats, we slept
At breakfast my friend had a comical
twinkle in his eye.
"Asceticism attends all religious move
ments, does it not?" he asked.
"Take some bacon," I replied, not car
ing to tempt him further on that line. He
took another line.
"I wonder that our good friend A, being
such a stanch teetotaler, doesn't see that
by sending U3 here he Is playing Into the
hands of the publicans."
"What do you mean?" I asked.
" "Mean? Why, these places, as a rule,
are enough to make one vow to abide in
Intemperance hotels evermore."
"Comfort Is not the principal thing, you
know, but heroic submission to stern sim
plicities," I rejoined. He paid no heed, but
hurled a shocking conundrum at me.
"I say, why Is a temperance hotel like
a Unitarian meeting-house?" He got no
reply.
"Give It up?. I'll tell you. Neither at
tracts the general public religious or ir
religious. Neither knows how to cater for
that public. The animal man finds him
self dissatisfied in the one, the spiritual
nature in the other. Don't look so Indig
nant Both temperance and Unltarian-
lsm are good. You know I always hear
you preach and enjoy the services at your
church. You know also my temperance
habits of life. AH the same, neither tem
perance nor Unltarianlsm Is an end. To
be rid of overbellef or false belief is not
necessarily religious. Often enough It Is
the riddance that spoils life, helps the
freed mind combine with other freed
minds to corrupt and demoralize It."
"Hold!" I said. "Preach In my pulpit
next Sunday, If you like, but preach no
more to me now. Let us go to the con
ference." Bounties on Porcupines.
New York Evening Post.
At Its last session the Maine Legisla
ture passed a law placing a bounty of
25 cents on the heads of porcupines. That
law went Into operation on May 1, but
somehow or other people got it into their
heads that the new statute took effect
as soon as it was passed. Consequently
small boys by the hundred, armed with
the traditional 22-caliber rifles, and men
In abundance, too. went to the woods
to shoot hedgehogs. In order to get the
bounty, it was necessary to presdnt tho
forepaws and the nose of the animal to
the Town Clerk. One such Town Clerk
received the noses and feet of 210 hedge
hogs and paid bounty on them before
April 24, when six days were still to
elapse before the new law authorized the
killing. Apparently on April 24 he dis
covered his mistake and tried to get the
slayers of hedgehogs to refund the
bounty they had received. They, natur
ally, refused. So the clerk went home
to look up the law. He found a law Just
suited to his design. It was an old law.
apparently enacted at a period when men
considered the hedgehog a useful and
beneficent beast It prescribed a fine of
$3 for killing a hedgehog between Octo
ber 1 and June 1. After the arrogant
hunters had been lined up before the
Magistrate they were just $4.75 poorer
for each hedgehog they had killed. Re
venge was now In order from the other
side. Again the law was looked up.
Maine appears to have a most convenient
collection of statutes. The hunters found
that there was likewise a fine of $5 Im
posed on any one who had any part of
a dead hedgehog In his possession be
tween October and June. Here was the
Town Clerk with the noses and fore-
paws or no nedgenogs in his nossessrfnn
The fines against him acjrrecated ilflfio.
together with $02 costs, a sum great
enough to warrant taking the case to a
nigner court, where it Is, in fact to bo
urtjueu next r an.
Best Form of Local Rnle.
Albert T. Pillsbury In Donahoe's.
The adoption of city government in
volves the abandonment of the town meet
ing, justly regarded, not only by us who
have been brought up under it. but bv all
intelligent students of public questions, as
tne ne3t form of local rule ever aDDlIed
to our affairs. It makes every voting cit
izen a member of the governing body,
with a direct share of the power and re
sponsibility. The majority, which always
desires good government is actually in
control. For this, city government substi
tutes a representative system which is
not in fact representative. It does not as
a rule, actually reflect the opinions or de
sires of the people. Cut off from direct
participation in the government divested
of the sense of responsibility, which goes
hand in hand with power, hi3 part reduced
to voting once a year, usually for the can
didates of a packed caucus, the average
citizen, except In some emergency, lapses
Into Indifference and his weight ceases to
be felt In the scale, under the one sys
tern he is on the spot, looking after his
own affairs; under the other, while In
theory represented by the 100th or 500th
part of an Alderman or Councilman, in
truth he counts for no more than a cipher
In the sum total of the results. In propor
tion as the will and conscience of the In
dividual citizen are emanated from it the
character of the government declines. It
ceases to be government by or of the peo
pie. An essential factor of the problem is
to bring back tho people to the actual con
trol of their affairs.
NOTE AND COMMENT?! .
Still talking abouthlm?
If we only had had yesterday's weather
on the day before.
The war dispatches from Puget Sound
will be of interest today.
The chance doesn't come very often, and
we have a right to celebrate.
Today the President Is in the hands of
the Seattle-Tacoma brigands. "3 ? ,
About tho only fireboat that will suit
everybody will be no boat at all.
The little boys are already beginning to
store up what's left "-of their enthusiasm
for the Fourth of July.
The Amalgamated Association of Fire
bugs hasn't passed any resolutions on the
fireboat question yet What's the matter?
Now that the pickpockets have arrived
in town, most of us who have lost ontho
races can explain to our wives what became-
of our money. .
The Chinese citizens ot Lin Ngan Fue
are doubtless revolting because they have
to twist up their tongues Into corkscrews
every time they speak of their city.
The police report the finding of seven
empty pocketbooks at the scene of the
exercises in the City Park. Most of us
would like to discover seven full pocket-books.
Portland beat Sacramento yesterday.
Just because the California players were
fresh from the scene of the Golden State
Legislature, it was no sign they knew
anything about highball.
The Council and the Executive Board
have suddenly become cognizant of the
fact that Portland has bad streets. The
general public has known about it for
some time, strange to say.
One young lady, struck with admiration,
at the sight of the President was heard
to remark Tuesday that if all men wero
as good looking as he, there would be no
possibility of race suicide.
A body of philanthropic New Yorkers
have formed themselves Into the Per
sonal Protective Loan Association, with
the purpose of lending money to th&
poor at 6 per cent per annum. The capi
tal of the organization Is $10,000, and tho
Incorporators are Thomas M. Mulry, Ed
ward F. Cragln, Rev. Dr. David J. Bur
rell. Father A. P. Doyle and Robert B.
Miller. Individual money-lenders never
charge less than 30 per cent and some,
times a great deal more. There are COO
pawnshops in New York.
Booker T.' Washington was much over
come when he heard of Carnegie's gift
of $600,000 to the Tuskegee Institute. The
millionaire's letter requests that "the
modern emancipator" be relieved of fur.
ther pecuniary cares. It also declares,
that Mr. Washington Is a second Moses,
leading his people to a better condition,
"Maybe," said the recipient of the com;
pllment "but 111 differ from my prede
cessor In this I'll not burden my people
with another set of commandments. Tho
original ten will suffice."
London Is stirred by a report that the
Duke and Duches3 of Marlborough wilj
close their town house and move to Blen
heim, their country home. The news Is
causing still more of a sensation In New
York, however, for it Is hinted that tho
young American Duchess takes this meth
od of balking the social ambition of nu
merous Americans whom she met In New
port last Summer. These might look
for favors In the British capital thl3
season, and as some of them are said to
be Impossible, the Duchess will now be
able to avoid them.
The Colonial Office of the. British Gov
ernment has formally recognized the Jar
gon, Yiddish, as a European language.
In the rush of aliens to South Africa
many German and Polish Jews were re
jected by the immigration authorities be
cause they were unable to answer the
questions put to them. The chief rabbi
ofLondon then petitioned ihe Govern
mentto recognize Yiddish as a language
and appoint interpreters so that injustice
might not be done. Henceforth declara
tions in Yiddish will be recorded at the
Cape.
y-
Dr. John H. Musser, chosen president
of the American Medical Association at
its convention in New Orleans, Is a lead
ing physician of Philadelphia, and is de
scended from a long line of physicians,
his father, grandfather and great-grandfather
havlng been noted practitioners.
At the time he was graduated from tho
University of Pennsylvania In '77 his
father, three upcles and five cousins were
actively engaged in the practice of medi
cine. Dr. Musser Is professor of clinical
medicine at the University of Pennsyl
vania and a staff or consulting physician
to several hospitals.
By a vote of 12 to 3, Mrs. Alma A.
Wllliston, a woman doctor, has been ap
pointed municipal physician by the Town
Council of Phllllpsburg, Warren County,
N. J. Her rivals were the two for
mer physicians, whose salary was $200
a year. Dr. Wllliston will draw $300. In
addition the Council will provide her
with an automobile and will allow her
$100 for medicines. She claims to be im
mune and declares that she has no dread
of typhoid fever, diphtheria or smallpox.
Dr. Wllliston is probably the first woman
doctor to be employed by municipal au
thorities in New Jersey.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
"Pa. what Is a bigot?" "A bigot, my son.
Is a person who doesn't think as I do, and
sticks to it." Harper's Bazar.
A poor bargainer Ethel I offered Ferdy a
penny for his thoughts. Edith Well, 111 never
let you do any shopping for me! Puck.
Hoot (pairing off hla guests) Mr. Makln
brakes. you will please take Miss Guciwell
out to dinner. Mr. Maklnbrakes Certainly.
But, great Scott, where? Don't you have- din
ner here In tho house? Chicago Tribune.
Mistress Did you tell those ladles at the
door that I was out. as I told y.ou? New
Servant TIs. mum. Mistress Did' they seem
disappointed? New servant TIs, mum. Wan
av thlm sed: "How forchunit I" Chicago Dally
News.
Peace at any price Jones I Invested In a
comet the other day. Brown So? I thought
yju disliked to hear any cne play that In
strument. Jones So I do. I bought mine of
the man who lives next door to me Chicago
Dally News.
"Yes, I explained the whole theory of the
new discovery to my wife." "And what did
she say?" "She said. "George, can you re
member who the SourCeld girl married? 1'va
been trying all day to think of hla name."
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
"Tour new boss Is an Old campaigner, I be
lieve," remarked Crumley. "Well." replied
Worrit, "he's a great handshaker." "Is that
so?" "Yes. he has shaken nearly all the old
hands In the shop before he took charge."
Philadelphia Pres.
"Don't you think that peopl pay too much
attention to money nowadays?" "No, I don't."
answered Senator Sorghum. "Time was whea
a $30-bIll looked as big as- a. farm to a mem-'
her of the Legislature. Now tx won't pay any
attention to It whatever." Washlngtea Star.