TILE MOKNLNG OREGOKIAN, THUBSDAY, MAY 21, 1903.
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TODAY'S "WEATHER Cloudy and threaten
ing, with, occasional showers; westerly winds.
YESTERDAY S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature 05 Jeg.; minimum, 44 deg.; precip
itation. 0.12 Inch.
PORTLAND, THURSDAY, MAY 21, .1003
THE DAY AA'D THE GUEST.
Three thousand miles from where the
Grst President formed a republic out of
a group of worn and feeble colonies on
the verge of untamed forests, and
whence the third of the Presidents sent
Lewis and Clark to spy out this land
and add it to the stars In the Repub
lic's blue, today the twenty-sixth Presi
dent is greeted by teeming thousands
from a galaxy of new states and the
throbbing life of a great city. Prom the
vanguard of westward settlement, win
nowed through successive migrations
across the continent, the farthest pio
neer welcomes the historian of the
westward movement; the last-won wil
derness of American brawn and brav
ery makes haste to honor the apostle
of arduous endeavor and dauntless
spirit.
Here, where the newer "Western world
turns Its face again to the Old, It is
fitting that the guest of a day and the
hope of years to come should be one
whose theory and practice hark back
to the old and homely virtues portrayed
In the proverbs of a great Asiatic au
thor and ruler. There Is no recogni
tion but condemnation in Solomon's or
Roosevelt's philosophy for the slug.
gard, the coward and the fool. The
civic and domestic virtues in which an
cient Israel was schooled and in which
Franklin formed the common life of
our infant republic have never had a
more vigorous, consistent exponent
than this twenty-sixth President of the
United States.
That was a true word spoken at Phil
adelphia in June three years ago, that,
rhile the Presidential nominee was a
Western man with Eastern ideas, the
Vice-President to be was an Eastern
man with Western ideas, air. Roose
velt's Western prepossession was the
death of everything in his nature that
might otherwise have responded to the
fears of them of little faith. Hope and
courage told him, as they told the
West, that the civilization that had
been good for Hew England, and good
for the West, and for the Pacific Slope,
was good also for the islands of the
sea. If the best of Europe had Justl
fled its transplanting in America, the
best of America would justify its trans
planting in Asia. He believed in the
yospel of freedom and progress, and
bis ialth told him that liberty could
.work its triumphant way.
The acceptance of trans-Pacific ex.
pansion, like the century earlier ac
ceptance of trans-Rocky expansion
struck doubt into all but the stoutest
hearts. It was a heavy load, about to
be put upon us, and the Nation in
ptlnctlvely recoiled when first it was
shown the burden. We have done our
rough work, we said. We have other
plans. Something still needs doing at
home. Not war, not conquest, not ex.
pansion, not service here and there up
and down the earth we need, but re
flection, confession, self-improvement.
But as vision grew clearer and the
stout hearts beat higher with zeal for
work and battle with the storm, it
dawned upon us that capacity is hon
ored not with rest, but with responsi
Wilts'.
The burdens of the world are to the
backs that can bear them. There
onls one use in being great and strong.
and that is to dare hlghls. to do great
things, to bear heavy burdens, to clear
the was' for religion to inspire and lit
erature to ennoble and science to in
form and art to ornament and delight.
Let none suppose this vast and mighty
Nation can be suffered to go its own
was, dreaming uninterrupted!- its
own dreams, building complacentlj- its
-own dwelling-places, sitting In peace
and Joj' at Its own snug fireside, win
dows curtained from the uncanns- night
without, doors bolted against the
storms of oppression and fear with
which Its neighbors are afflicted and
laid waste. Even now the protest of
Washington prevails for the protec
tion of plundered China, even now the
voice of Christendom thunders at "the
gates of St. Petersburg in righteous
wrath at the innocent blood shed by
the Jews of Kishlnef.
And It Is better so. Ine finest human
product is that made Jointly by the
stout heart and the valiant hand. The
surest way to lose one's life Is to center
one's thought upon self in the effort
to save it. Solitude may develop tal
ent, as Goethe says, but character is
formed only in the boiling stream of
life. Introspection does not build uo
the man so much as exercise. Not in
the timorous security of the guarded
room, but In the stress of arduous ac
tion does the body glow with health
and the blood run fresh and pure. The
battle and the storm make home better
and brighter. Peace within is con
served by conflict without.
This is the philosophy of the strenu
ous life, for the man and for the race.
It comports with the doctrines of him
who came not to bring peace, but a
gword. It .puts to shame at once the
fears of the skeptic and the Inertia of
the dreamer. Its genius is the mood
in which the victories of the twentieth
century will be won, even as those of
the centuries that have gone before
were won. The spirit of 1903, as The
odore Roosevelt Is Its exponent, and
in such measure as he is Its guide, is
the spirit of Washington In '76, of Jef
ferson In 1S03, and of his comrades on
sea and land In 1898. It is the gospel
of do and, dare, of the resolute heart
and the willing hand. To "the craven
fear of being great" It opposes a sturdy
faith, in one's country, one's race, and
onevs self. In that hour when it falls
to find response in any people, their
sun is sinking toward the west.
intra sir free trade totterixg.
None hears more distinctly than Jo
seph Chamberlain the rumblings of eco
nomic discontent that arise with in
creasing menace from the outls'lng
members of the British Empire. That
is whs his acute perception turns again
and again to the old project of a Zoll-
vereln. That Is why he Insists on keep
ing before the thought of the United
Kingdom the proposals to bind the col
onies anew to the home government
with fresh bands of self-interest, forged
on the anvils of preferential tariffs.
The Colonial Secretary is easily the
ablest and most forceful statesman on
the active list of Great Britain. He
it was who, for ultimate weal or woe
of the British Empire, forced the war
with the South African republics, which
ended In their annexation. He It was
who really framed the terms of peace
with the Boers. He it Is today who
Inspires England's colonial polios', who
opposes Irish home rule, and who
pleads for the imperial unity of Eng
land and her colonies.
It is Mr. Chamberlain's view that the
South African War was worth all it
cost, since it proved that when England
is hard pressed the whole resources In
men and mones' of the colonies will
be at the disposal of the mother coun
try, and that to get that principle ac
cepted was worth almost ans' sacrifice.
To maintain and intensifj- the feeling
of unity with and loyalty to the mother
conntrs on the part of the colonies
is, in Mr. Chamberlain's Judgment, the
highest aim of English statesmanship
for the future, because upon its suc
cess depended the fate of Great Brit
ain. To perpetuate the present unity
of the colonies and their loyalty to-the
motherland, Mr. Chamberlain proposes
the establishment of preferential tar
iffs between the colonies and Great
Britain. He recalls the fact that Can
ada, the greatest and most prosperous
of England's self-governing colonies, In
1S98 voluntarlls' offered Great Britain
a preference of 15 per cent, which it
had since Increased to S3 1-3 per cent,
and he points out how British trade
with Canada had since grown. Canada
is now willing to go further, especially
regarding goods in which the British
compete with foreigners, if Great Brit
ain is willing to give her a preference
or tax of a shilling per quarter on
grain, but the home government had to
refuse the offer, because the established
fiscal policy bound It to keep the Brit
ish market open to all the world. The
accepted doctrine of the free traders Is
that, even though the other nations
closed their markets against Great
Britain, the latter could not afford, to
offer ans' favor to her colonies or make
any differences between those who
treated her well and those who treated
her badly. Mr. Chamberlain denies
that this narrow interpretation of the
term free trader Is the true one. He
professes to be a free trader, but
he does not believe that the true in
terpretation of free trade Is that "it is
our onls' duty to buy In the cheapest
market without regard to whether we
can sell."
Mr. Chamberlain welcomes recl
proclts. even as President McKinles.
a theoretical protectionist, bid It wel
come, and he warned his Birmingham
audience that, without reciprocity.
Great Britain not onls" would lose the
advantage of the further reduction of
duty which Canada offers to English
manufacturers, but would lose the pref
erences already given by Canada. The
present interpretation of free trade en
ables Germans to retaliate upon Can
ada by additional duties upon Canadian
goods. This pollcs of reprisal Is Intend
ed to deter other British colonies from
giving the mother country the same
preferences granted by Canada. This
German policy of reprisal Is fearlessly
undertaken. In the belief that Great
Britain is so wedded to her present
fiscal ss'stem that she cannot defend
her colonies against reprisals by a
measure of reciprocits. but will leave
them to suffer the brunt of foreign hos
tile retallators pollcs. Under this pres
ent situation. Great Britain could not,
sass Mr. Chamberlain, ask the colonies
to aid the mother country In promoting
the honor of the empire or to bear a
share of the common burdens. Mr.
Chamberlain inclslvels asks: "Is It bet
ter to cultivate the trade of your own
people, or let that go In order that sou
mas keep the trade of those who, rlght-1-
enough, are sour competitors and
rivals?" Mr. Chamberlain Insists that
the true interpretation of the doctrine
of free trade, as opposed to the present
artificial and narrow definition. Is that,
while Great Britain "seeks a free Inter
change of trade between peoples and
all nations of the world, we will never
theless resume the power of negotia
tion, and, if nece3sars retaliation
whenever our own Interests or our re
lations with the colonies are threat
ened bs other people."
It is evident that the Chamberlain
proposals are pertinent and plausible
i enough to arouse such interest In the
tariff question as England has not 1
known for a generation. The British
devotion to free trade comes Into direct
antagonism with the British determi
nation to maintain the empire at all
cost, and It is significant that Lord
Rosebery himself seems far from con
fident in his appeal from patriotism to
Cobdenlsm. His Lancashire speech,
printed yesterdas, carefully avoids pos
itive approval or condemnation .of the
Chamberlain proposals, but Intimates
that it "would not be judicious to quar
rel with customers who give us two-
thirds, and possibly three-quarters, of
our trade, In order to oblige customers
who give us a quarter of It, or only a'
third of It." This repls onls answere
half of Mr. Chamberlain's position, for
it leaves entirels' untouched the prob
lem of the empire's political unity. On
this score Mr. Chamberlain, from his
point of view as an imperialist, bluntly
sas-s that Great Britain cannot hope to
be an Imperial unit by the fullest sup
port in peace and war of her colonies
unless she grants some measure of reci
procity to her colonies in return for
their loyal support and their grant of
preferences. Mr. Chamberlain is not
thinking of provincial, insular England.
He Is thinking of the unity and soll
darlts of the British Empire of the
future, and from this point of view his
policy is certain of earnest attention
from the British public If Great Brit
ain does not care in the future how
soon she alienates the losal, enthusi
astic support of Canada and Australia,
whether in peace or war. Lord Rose
bers' is right, but "if Great Britain de
sires to bind her great and rapidly
growing colony of Canada strongly to
her for the future, then Mr. Chamber
lain is right in his contention that
Great Britain cannot afford to alienate
Canada bs accepting preferences and
S'et refusing for the products of the
Dominion a preference in the British
markets. The enemies of Great Britain
everywhere will rejoice at the fancy,
whether true or false, that, through
stubborn persistence In free trade and
Its incidental denial of economic aid to
the colonies, the empire will begin to
loosen the bonds that some day may
part and inaugurate an era of dismem
berment and decay.
EMPTY CARS OR EMPTY SIIIPS.
Mr. James J. Hill, eminently success
ful aa a railroader, is displaying much
uncertalnts' of purpose regarding his
initial experience In the ocean trans
portation business. To use an expres
sion of commercial slang, he Is already
"hedging" against the possible humilia
tion and loss that would follow failure
on the part of his big steamers to prove
satisfactory in the trade for which they
were built. When these steamers first
began to attract the attention of the
public, Mr. Hill repeatedly assured us
that he would put In a rate so low
that It would easlls attract enough
Oriental products to this countrs to
supply full cargoes, instead of his ships
being obliged to return to the United
States in ballast. In expressing his
opinion regarding the tariff, he stated
that it should be so modified as to ad
mit goods needed in this countrs in
such quantities that full cargoes could
"as easily be -obtained in the Orient as
in this countrs, and that, without full
cargoes both wass, his steamers could
not give the American producer a cheap
rate to the Orient.
Mr. Hill was then regarding his
steamship enterprise strictly as a busi
ness venture, In which, by reason of
the great size of his steamers, and his
excellent rail connection, he would
have his competitors at a disadvan
tage. His road was making mones at
that time, and he expected his steamers
also to prove profitable, and to carry
cargoes both was's. Since then he has
had an opportunity to test his theory
regarding Oriental trade with two mon
ster steamers, about half the size of
those now nearlng completion. These
steamers, the Shawmut and Tremont,
are modern-built craft, with all of the
latest appliances for loading and un
loading, but their great size barred
them from many ports, and caused the
loss of so much time loading and un-.
loading at ports of discharge, as well as
where they were loaded, that the loss
on the round trip was enormous, one of
the steamers on a single trip losing
over $75,000. Having thus demonstrated
by "trying It on the dog," which In this
case was the Boston Towboat Corn
pans, that 15,000-ton steamers cannot
be operated in the trans-Pacific trade
with "one was" except at a loss, Mr.
Hill has concluded that wealth extract
ed from the Oriental trade is a delu
sion and a snare, and he will have none
of It. In an Interview in Seattle he is
thus quoted by the Post-Intelligencer:
We do not care to make any money out of
the Oriental trado we are spending millions
to establish In this territory. In competition
with other lines of railroads. It Is but Inci
dental. What we want Is enough Eastern and
Southern products coming to the North Pa
cific Coast and to Seattle, at a fair rate, to
furnish us with loaded hauls to this city and
give us a supply of cars here which will en
able us to put In a rate to the Eastern markets
for every product of Puget Sound and the
Northwest that will build up the agricultural
districts and encourage manufacturing.
If Mr. Hill's previous theory that full
cargoes both wass were necessars In
order to prevent a loss be conceded as
true, It must still appear that he has not
Set solved the problem of empts cars,
for the 32,000 tons of cargo require just
as many cars going east as they do
going west, and he must still haul
empties to the Coast to take back
Washington products. In short, it. Is
still a question of empty cars or empty
ships. Long experience has taught him
what it costs to haul an empty car.
The cost of running an empty ship will
now be determined by new experience.
In a way. It has alreads been deter
mined bs the Boston Towboat Com
pany, but Mr. Hill needs It from first
hands, with larger ships. The empty
cars are hauled about 2000 miles before
they reach the cargo, the empty ship
must steam about 5000 miles before she
reaches the cargo.
The philanthropic desire to "build up
the agricultural districts and encourage
manufacturing" Is a laudable one, but
the Hill methods to date are open to
criticism. The manufacturing Interests
in this countrs, as represented bs the
flour millers, fall to discern where the
"building up" pollcs Is to their advan
tage, when Mr. Hill gives the Dakota
millers a lower rate on a 1500-mlle haul
than he will give Pacific Coast millers
for a. 300 to 400-mile haul. As to the
"agricultural districts," Mr. Hill should
make another swing around the circle
and note the radical change In sentl
mcnt that has taken place since he
talked to the Washington fanners a'
year ago. They do not like the kind
of "upbuilding" that enables the Da
kota farmer to ship wheat Into the Pa
cific Coast market at a lower freight
rate than they can secure; although
they are over 1000 miles nearer to the
market. The feeling In Oregon, Wash
ington and Idaho over Mr. Hill's $3 rate
from the East is of a nature that will
render it highly probable that some of
the "millions" which he proposes- to
spend in making trade with the Orient
will be lost by forced reductions in1
freight from interior points In the
Northwest as well as from the Dakotas.
By mllitars operations the two dis
tricts of Sokoto and Kano have been
added to Northern Nigeria and come
under British supremacy. The new ter
ritory thus acquired Is about 100,000
square miles in extent, and Is rich in
agricultural resources as well as in cer
tain commercial products. Consider
able trade already is carried on in
Northern Nigeria, and, as the new ac
quisitions will expedite the progress of
railroad and telegraph projects alreads'
started and Intended to connect with
the Niger River and Lake Tchad, It is
probable that Great Britain has secured
one of the most valuable sections of
Western Africa. At the same time it
has suppressed the slave traffic, which
was the cause of the military opera
tions. There will be no protest against
the annexation of the territory, as ltl
has already been conceded to Great
Britain by the Anglo-French delimita
tion commission In mapping the bound
aries between French and English pos
sessions. Sokoto and Kano will now be
wisely governed, the Inhuman slave
traffic no longer will be carried on, and
In the end both districts will be better
off under the Nigerian government's
rule than thes were under the rule of
their ferocious and bloodthirsts' Emir.
There Is but little of the Dark Conti
nent left for "grabbing," but Great
Britain has Its full share. It has now
seventeen colonies and protectorates.
The smallest of these is Gambia, with
sixty-nine square miles and 13,456 popu
lation; the largest Is Nigeria, with 400,
000 square miles and 25,000,000 popula
tion. The annexation of Sokoto and
Kano adds 100,000 square miles to the
area of the latter. The population Is
not known, as there has been no cen
sus. The total area of Africa Is esti
mated at 9.S58.000 square miles, and Its
population at 192,520,000. Of' this area
Great Britain occupies 2,036,604 square
miles, with 42,749.192 population, ac
cording to the latest censuses, to which
must be added the population of the
recently acquired territory when It Is
known. In other words, Great Britain
controls In round numbers one-fourth
of the Continent of Africa, with one
fourth of its population.
The Initiative In the big fight for
trans-Pacific trade was taken In San
Francisco s'esterdas by the China Com
mercial Steamship Company, the latest
contestant In the field. The causes
which led up to this cut In rates and
threatened demoralization of tariffs
were set forth in detail In s'esterday's
Oregonian. Briefly stated, it was a case
of too many ships, and not enough
freight. The independence of the new
line regarding railroad connections, to
gether with the extensive Oriental cap
ital said to be controlled by Its promot
ers, will make It a very dangerous fac
tor In the fight. There is food for
thought for Mr. James J. Hill In this
war of rates now beginning. There is
no cut in rates when steamers find
plenty of business. The steamers now
In the service are of .the type and size
best adapted to the traffic, and if they
are unable to keep on a paying basis
without crowding some of their num
ber off the route, what will be the re
sult when Mr. Hill's monster carriers,
with a capaclts' equal to that of one
fifth of all the vessels now In the trans
pacific trade, are placed In service?
Oriental trade has made great strides In
the past ten years, but San Francisco
and Puget Sound have both so far dis
counted It, In the was of transporta
tion facilities, that It will be many
years before It can catch up with them,
and even the "fittest," which may sur
vive the contest now on, will be con
tinually annoyed by the never-ending
fleet of tramp steamers -which wander
round the world ever ready to pick up
a freight at ans old rate, Irrespective
of tariffs and trans-Pacific associations.
It Is scarcely necessary to say that
all men are not fit to be fathers, or
that humanity at large and individuals
In every community are sufferers from
the mistaken efforts of many men in
this direction, and to point to one, M.
C. Humphrey, for proof. Here, for ex
ample, we have "a father of six," rang
ing In age from three months to eleven
S'ears, deserted, with their mother, bs
a weak apology for a man and a
weaker apology for a father, because,
forsooth, this creature found out at
this late das that it was all he" could
do to take care of himself! The Eng
lish language, reasonably rich in words
expressive of contempt and detestation,
Is powerless to exploit the utter worth-
lessness and abnormal selfishness of
such a creature as this. The term
"man" can onls be applied to him In
a generic .sense. Next to the colossal
mistake that he made In obeying this
Instinct and becoming six times a
father, when once a father was a crime
against the helplessf is the blunder that
this creature, M. C. Humphrey, makes,
as disclosed In his farewell letter to his
wife. Is supposing that it Is his duty
to "doctor himself and keep out of the
ground." The only debt such a person
can ever be expected to pay to the
world Is In the return of his carcass
to its original elements, and perhaps
provide a mouthful of grass for an ox
or an ass to feed upon. And It may be
added that he can be depended upon to
resist this pasment as long as possible.
The amazing fact has come out that
during the session of the Missouri Leg
islature of 1901 the leading lobbs'lsts,
engaged in procuring legislation by dint
of $1000 bills, were given a place Just
back of the seat occupied by the pre
siding officer of the Senate, Lleuten
ant-Governor Lee, with a screen con
cealing them from view. Here they
were able to watch the proceedings
write amendments to measures as they
came up which they sent to their chief
agent on the floor to be Introduced and
communicate to the chair their desires
as to rulings. They thus attended to
"the delivery of the goods" they had
paid for, and saw that no "mistakes"
were made by venal members. All this
Is testified to bs several witnesses, In
cludlng the now penitent ex-Lieuten
ant Governor Lee himself.
A great many copies of The Orego
nian, especialls of the Sunday paper,
are held at the Postoffice for want of
payment of sufficient postage. Pay
ment of 3 cents is required to carry The
Sunday Oregonian to offices in the
United States, Canada, Mexico and our
Insular possessions. Five cents to all
other countries. Thes "who put a "news
paper In the Postoffice without suffl.
clent payment In stamps cannot ex
pect it to be carried. It simply "won't
go."
BAJER'S RELIGION IMPUGNED.
The Churchman.
Iti his testimony before the Interstate"
Commerce Commission, Mr. Baer, presi
dent of the Reading Company and its
allied corporations, frankls' admitted the
acquisition of competing interests in order
to control the anthracite traffic and as
frankly declared such action to be right
and .lawful. It Is not our province orln
tention to discuss the motives of Mr. Baer
and those whom he represents, any more
than It was to question the motives of
Captain Mahan when we took sharp Issue
with the principles advocated by him. But
we cannot hesitate to. associate the prin
ciples advocated by Captain Mahan and
those of President Baer, because the one
necessarily flows from the other. For the
right and the obligation resting upon the
Individual to seek to save his own soul,
advocated by Captain Mahan. is the very
highest and most refined form of self
seeking. So high Is this standard of self
centered philosophy, however, that Cap
tain Mahan denies that It involves selfish
ness, and he would shrink even more from
the coarser consequences which involve
the sacrifice of the Interests of others in
the pursuit of the perfection of his own
soul. But President Baer, without the
slightest hesitation, justifies the right of
his corporation to acquire and maintain
the domination of traffic, even when it In
volves driving competitors to the wall.
Many noble men, and even whole bodies
6f Christians, have maintained as a pri
mary Christian principle the seeking to
save one's own soul. And so there are to
day persons and whole eorporatlons that
adopt as a standard in industrial life the
principle of self-interest advocated bj
Presldent Baer and unhesitatlngl act
upon It, seemingly without regard to the
consequences for others, and mans who
do thl3 undoubtedly are sincere in be
lieving that they are acting as loyal citi
zens of the kingdom of heaven.
When once President Kruger was called
a hs'pocrite, one who knew him well re
plied: "He is not a hypocrite; there is
nothing the matter with his sincerity; the
trouble Is with his religion; he has got a
bad religion. It Justifies action which to
Sou seems hs'pocrltlcal." Whatever mas-
have been the righteousness of such a
Judgment of President Kruger, any prin
ciple of action which Is self-centered.
whether the thing Involved be the soul or
the bank account. It Is a. bad religion, and
contradictory to that religion which Christ
came Into the world to establish as the
onls hope for the salvation of the world.
Covetousness. which Is idolatry selfish
ness, is the one essential enemy or uiai
selfishness which Is of Christ No matter
how many good men hold to such a philos
ophy, no matter how mans men of noble
intentions defend It. It is evil, and will de
feat the work of the family of Christ
wherever it obtains as a principle govern
ing the lives of men. Its governing prin
ciples are independence, disunion, separa
tion, discord, selfishness, and these are
utterls opposed to the governing princi
ples of Christ's famils. dependence, union,
co-operation, concord, love. There Is no
such thing in the economy of the kingdom
of God as separated units acting for them
selves and of themselves, and it Is one of
the striking Eigns of the progress of the
Christian church that this principle of so
cial dependence, of mutual obligation and
privilege, is Impressing itself upon politi
cal and social life.
Some Ancient Coins.
Science.
About 15 years ago Judge "Victor Clay
Barrlnger was living in Alexandria,
Egypt, when an extensive fire occurred.
After this fire he bought from a native
a mass which appeared to consist of cor
roded copper, which he was told had been
obtained from a hole In the wall wnere
a building had been demolished In the con
flaffratlon. This compacted green cylin
dricarmass of about 20 pounds' weight
was kept as a hearth ornament, and not
examined until it recently came into tne
possession of Dr. Paul B. Barrlnger. of
the University of Virginia. The mass
then bore the imprint of the woven bag
in which it had been confined, ana provea
to be composed of coins in various stages
of corrosion.
The author was requested to clean oft
number of the coins, of which there
were probably 500, and so far as exam
ined all prove to have belonged to the
rolrma of the Caesars, ana to nave naa
the same composition and approximates
the same weight, about L grams eacn.
The unaltered red metal consists of silver
and conDer. containing, as shown by sev
eral samples, almost exactly one part of.
silver to four of copper, wnicn, wnen par
tlallv attacked by dipping in acia. loses
a portion of copper and leaves a larger
proportion of sliver on tne suriace, anu
thereafter continues to "wear" as a white
metal, evidently having passed a3 " silver
coin."
The crust of malachite which flrmiy
tannri thse nieces together varied in
thickness un to two millimeters, and with
in' this there was a layer of red ovlde of
conner of similar thickness which is al
most free of silver, containing but about
i .r ront Inside of these two crusts
thpro. remained more or less of a dark
spongy mass of silver, retaining a little
oxide of copper wnicn aunerea to me uu
ohnnepd allov. and in some instances the
latter had entirely disappcarea. so mai
this residue of the coin was fragile wnue
still partly retaining the Imprint of the
coin. The manager in wnicn mo suver
n.-nj concentrated Is of decided interest
From the contents and circumstances of
this find these coins had no doubt been
thus stored away fcr nearly law years,
and yet on most of them the lettering,
and even the dates may pe aecipneruu,
Cleveland "Jollied" Them.
Washington Post.
In a personal sense. Mr. Cleveland was
perhaps the least popular of Presidents
Trtth the newspaper men in Washington.
When, therefore, he met them at an in
formal dinner given to them by Presi
dent Francis at St. Louis and "Jollied'
them, it was natural that they should
have been so surprised at first as to be
unable to cope with him. But thej- soon
recovered from their astonishment, and
for an hour or more they had a merry
set-to with the ex-President, which con
vinced nearly all of them that they were
mistaken as to his character when he
was last In Washington as President of
the United States.
In what was perhaps the most humor
ous, if. Indeed. It was not the onlj hu
morous, speech of his life. Mr. Cleveland,
growing serious for a moment, told the
correspondents that probably ho had
made a mistake while President by not
cultivating the newspaper men here
more. Then he complimented them upon
their energy. Intelligence and faithful
ness to the Interests of their papers, and
the correspondents cheered him lustily.
Their cheers seemed to have the effect
of making Mr. Cleveland merry, for he
then resumed his facetious vein, and fol
lowed It to the close of his address. One
thing he eald which stuck to the minds
of all his hearers was this:
"When I was doing a stunt at Albany"
according to the evidence of everybody
who has discussed the speech Mr. Cleve
land used the word "stunt" "when I was
doing a stunt at Albans. " said he. mean
ing, of course, when he was Governor of
New York; "St. Clair McKelwaj was run
ning the Albahj Argus. I used to try tp
advise him how to run his paper, but
he soon showed me that I knew nothing
about the newspaper business. Since then
I have had to: be content with the news
papers Just as they are made by their
editors."
St. Clair McKelwaj-. it Is Interesting to
note. Is now the editor pf the Brooklsn
Eagle, which came out strong for Mr.
Cleveland for President while the latter
was In St Louis.
Qtiay'B Press Gas.
Philadelphia Inqurer.
Only criminals are behind this measure.
It will benefit thieves and thieves only.
It will make political brigandage a pas
time and prostitute our most sacred Insti
tutions. It will shut out the light from
every form of Jobbery and all forms of
jobbers', and the people will be forever at
the mercy of prostituted politicians.
MISSOURI REMEMBERS OREGON. -
Kansas City Start.
Alt the preparations b-Injf completed, we left
our camp on Monday. May 14. ISM. This spot
Is at the mouth of Wood (Du Bo Is) River.
srxall stream which empties Into the Mississ
ippi opposite the entrance to the Missouri.
Not being able to set sail before 4 P. M.. we
did not. make more than fcur miles, and
camped on the first Island, opposite a small
creek called Coldwater. Lewi and CUrk Jour
nal. Thus, S9 years ago today began that
famous journey into the unknown which
was to complete the work begun by Co
lumbus 200 sears before when he sailed
out upon the "Sea of Darkness" in quest
of the golden Cathay. Throughout the in
tervening centuries the explorers had not
been Idle. The Spaniards had crossed
and recrosed the continent's southern
belt Mackenzie had penetrated the frozen
wast3 of British territory to the Pacific.
Captain Gray In hie ship Columbia had
noted the rush of waters through the two
capes that guard the mouth of the great
river of the Northwest.
Traders and trappers had ventured up
the Mississippi to the country of the
Sioux and up the Missouri to the land of
the Dakotas. But the great plains of the
Platte, the Little Missouri and the Yel
lowstone and the headwaters of the Mis
souri and the Columbia, were still an un
discovered country. The crack of the rifle
had never disturbed the herds of buffalo,
of elk, of antelope and of bighorns which
ranged that wildernecs.
For the exploration of this wild and
Inhospltal region the little party urged
their three clumsy boats Into the boiling
current of the Missouri on that afternoon
In May, 99 years ago. The river Itself
with Its yellow flood,, Its shifting channel.
Its deeolate and lonely banks, typified the
countrs toward which their prows were
turned. They were plunging Into a mys
terious land. For the next two years the
only voices thev were to hear were to be
those of the wilderness the yell of the
Indian, the call of the wolf, the roar of
the buffalo herd, the crackling charge of
the grlzzlj and behind and enveloping all
the ceaseless lapping of the river. For a
few days they were to pas3 little French
settlements St. Charles and La Charette,
the home of Boone and then their onls
companlons were to be the river, the In
dians and the wilderness.
As they looked out upon the desolation
of stream and prairie which encompassed
them month after month thes could not
have dreamed of the changes to be
wrought by a century of science and ex
pansion. Thes knew something of the
migration of the backwoods, but the
march of the pioneers was beyond their
power of prophecs. Thes might well have
believed that the conquest of the regions
thej traversed would be a matter of cen
turies. If, Indeed. It might ever he accom
plished. Yet could thes return today
along the trail they followed they would
find the whole face of nature altered.
Cities blaze whore thes saw onls the un
broken forest The noise of the herds has
given way to the roar of the locomotive
and the factors.
The white man has driven the Indian
from his happy hunting grounds and
made of them wheat fields and pastures.
uut two teatures of tne landscape re
main as thes were wlfen those undaunted
explorers broke camp on the afternoon
of May 14. The Missouri still eddies
darkls toward the MIse?sippI, as fascin
ating, as ms-sterlous as ever, and the
Rocky Mountains stand Impassive and
forbidding, still blocking the trail across
tho continent
The Olrte.Ht Living Tilings.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
President Roosevelt did well to protest
against placing signs upon those gigantic
trees which are the most wonderful prod
uct" of California. And the people of
Santa Cruz did well to heed his protest
and remove these disfigurements from the
grove of huge redwoods near that town.
The sequoia gigantea, or "big tree"
proper, and the sequoia sempervirens, or
"redwood, are the sole survivors of
great tree familj. The- grow naturally
In California and nowhere else on earth.
Besides being the oldest, they are the
largest living things, though the eucalsp-
tus of Australia sometimes rivals them In
height But the eucalyptus Is a much
more rapid grower, and the age of a
specimen Is much less than that of a
sequoia of equal height.
Although the precise age of the big
trees of California must remain unknown,
the Indications are that some of those
'still growing were first sprouting from the
soil when Moses led the Israelites out of
bondage In Egypt. When Jesus .was born
at Bethlehem thes were In all the vigor
of lusts youth. When Columbus pushed
out Into the unknown they were some
where near their present size. How long
thes will live If man will but protect
them against himself, none can tell. They
seem Impregnable to the Insect and animal
foes of other trees. Thes have nothing to
fear but tempests of such extraordinary
furs as rarely visit their homes, ana man.
With all the dlgnlts of an age In which
solar years are but days and centuries
are as s'ears to the human race, thes con
Join a splendid and Impressive beauts. For
these reasons thes should bo preserved
and kept unmarred. They are not only
the oldest, Dut also among the most won
derful, of living things. Their character
and their dignits demand respect
Misinterpreting the Doctrine.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Mr. Proctor of the United States Civil
Service Commission Is reported as desir
ing the United State to "assume Its re
sponsibility as a world power and pre
serve its markets for surplus products by
declaring In the strongest diplomatic lan
guage that ans attempt by European na
tions to dismember the ChlncrK? empire is
dangerous to our peace and saftes' and as
such an unfnendls act." In other words.
Mr. Proctor desires the United States to
make .tn extension of the Monroe Doc
trine which will flatly repudiate Its es
sential principle that the United States
does not undertake to dictate or control
the destinies of non-American nations
and therefore will repel- any attempt from
outside to dictate or control the destinies
of American nations. As the sole reason
for this new example of "world-power
talk Is to preserve markets for surplus
products, why should not the United
States Interfere with pdlltlcs In EuroDe.
which buys more American products In
one s-ear than China does In 20?
Tariff Revision Sot Probable.
Boston Transcript
That either house wants to take up the
tariff at the coming scu?Ion Is open to
very serious doubt The suggestion to
tne contrars appears to be based on
rumor or report that President Roose
velt and Governor Cummins have got to
gether on the basis of the adoption of a
tariff plank for 1904 not materially differ
ent from that found In the Republican
platform of 1S96 and that the President
will recommend legislation which will be
affirmative of this agreement. Republi
cans opposed to tariff revision at the com
lng session of Congress mas say of this
agreement. If It Is a fact. "So far, so
good, without being willing to go any
farther. The Senate will not differ In
November from what It was In March,
and In the latter month It was decidedly
opposed to reopening the tariff question
unless it had to.
ExpoiiHre Is Dreaded.
Chicago Chronicle.
It Is because the best newspapers have
exposed the thkvlng rings of politicians
and tariff-protected trusts that Boss Quaj
has had this libel law enacted by his
Legislature and signed bs hl3 Governor.
Having gained complete control of the
political organs of the state, the Penn-
ss'lvanla bees now proposes to muzzle the
press so that this machinery can be freely
used without danger of exposure In print
lie Shall Have It.
Chicago Chronicle.
Like Mark Twain. Joaquin Miller In
slsts that reports of his death are greatly
exaggerated, and he Is of course entitled
to a respectful hearing In the matter.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Hooray!
This Is the day.
The 21st of Mas.
The President will encounter one thing
that will be truly Oregonian the weather.
If the Portland teams could only win
today, our happiness would be about com
plete.
Today we shall have a chance to see
If the President looks anything UKe his
portraits.
Mr. Frank Plumley will umpire the
Venezuelan squabble. Let us hope the
South Americans won't mob him.
Manila Is not to be dutdone bs' Port
land, bo far as civilization goes. Wit
ness the 2,000,000 peso Are out there yes
terday. The two Boston men who were towed
to sea bs a big whale can now realize
what kind of a time Jonah had on hut
little trip.
A Newark (N. J.) man Is suing an
electric lighting plant for $5000 because
his lights went out It seems to be a case
of the light that failed.
The two members of the Mafia in Peoria,
111., who knifed each other to death In
a duel are to be congratulated for ridding
the country of themselves.
The people of New Haven are com
plaining because their bakers have quit
work, but thes' have no kick coming, for
thes still have clean shirts.
It Is understood that when the new
appropriation becomes available for West
Point Military Academy the cadets board
will be bettered. Wonder If they are to
be supplied with more tobasco sauce.
The Olympian Recorder prints the fol
lowing pertinent remark, which might
have, In all truth, been made about Wash
ington's metropolis:
Eight prominent citizens of St Louis pre
sented Attorney Folk with a loving cup. The
question naturally arrises as to whether theso
eltfht are the only citizens left who escaped
Indictment
There Is a well-known story of Disraeli,
when he was the Prime Minister of Eng
land: "What can we do with Rosslyn?"
Disraeli asked one of his colleagues, and
the other suggested that he should be ap
pointed master of the bloodhounds, as
his father had been before him. "No,"
said Disraeli, "he swears too much for
that We will make him High Commis
sioner to the Church of Scotland." And
High Commissioner he was made.
Herbert Booth's proposal to promote
"scientific evangelization" by means of
religious dramas performed by Christian
actors before a cinematograph has been
described hs' his father, the chief of the
Salvation Army, as a "highly Ingenious
device for keeping an eye on both
worlds." Rumor sas-s that when the Idea
was first broached to him the "general"
expressed himself In characteristically
.candid fashion: "So you are planning a
Christian theater? One of these days we
shall hear of Christian grog."
Some young grlls at a Summer resort
were giving a vaudeville performance
for a local charity, the New York Trib
une sas'S. A j-oung man who thought
himself facetious tossed upon the stage
after one of the "turns" a bouquet whose
chief ingredient was a head of cabbage.
The girl who received this offering of
appreciation read the card that accom
panied it and advanced to the footlights.
"It gives me great pleasure," she said.
"to know that Mr. Edward Morgan has
enjoyed my performance. I hoped that
the audience might like It, but I never
expected for a moment that Mr. Morgan
would so far lose his head as to throw
it upon the stage!"
Swiss masters in the state schools In the
Summer season often turn guides, and the
Swiss clergy are becoming Innkeepers in
their parishes. Recentls a pastor, the pa
pers announced, had purchased an inn at
Ufhusen, a little village near Basel. In
the cantons of Upper and Lower Unter
walden and UrI many of the clergy are
attending both to the spiritual and ma
terial wants of their flocks. The reason
of this Innovation 13 that the priests are
so badly paid that they are obliged to
supplement their meager incomes by other
means. The average income of the clergy
In this country is 5125 a yean The estab
lishments under their control are models
of their kind, and they have succeeded In
reducing drunkenness In their parishes.
The cures attend on their customers in
person, refusing to serve those who they
consider have had enough.
Ezra Kendall tells of a man who was
riding on a train and pretended to be
come 111 after eating a sandwich. The
man opened his grip and took out a hot
water bag. "He got a sympathetic por
ter," Mr. Kendall continues, "to fill the
water bag with boiling water and then
he opened up his lunch basket, took out a
piece of fried steak and warmed It up
on the water bag. You talk about your
light housekeeping! Then, after he had
warmed the- steak, he cut It all up with
a pair of scissors and fed Itto himself
with a pair of sugar tongs because he
would not take a chance with a fork
going around a curve. But his finish was
a limit After he had eaten the steak
he unscrewed the stopper of the water
bag and poured himself out a cup o
hot coffee. He had the grounds In the
bag all the time."
German friends of the "Los von Rom"
movement In Bohemia and Styria are
greatly encouraged by recent news from
these provinces. During the week before
Easter and on Easter Sunday two new
churches and several new preaching and
mission stations have been opened in dis
tricts where hitherto there were no Pro
testant services. Funds sufficient to carry
on active work and pay a stipend to extra
preachers are coming In from Germany,
England and America. The leading Cath
olic clergs of Bohemia 'have resolved to
hold conferences at Prague and Olmutz
to consider what steps shall be taken to
put a final stop to the movement In the
Tyrol and in the east and south of Switz
erland the movement is spreading. It has
opened two new churches In the canton
of Testlna. The churches, which are sit
uated on the beautiful Lake Maggiore.
were commenced 13 months ago. In the
same canton other churches belonging to
the "Los ven Rom" are gradually convert
ing the Swiss and Italian population.
The Koralc Properties of Cleveland.
Atlanta Constitution.
Great issues are to be presented in the
Presidential campaign next year, and It
would be tho extreme of folly for the dem
ocratic party to enter the battle weighed
down with the feuds of past campaigns.
Whether Mr. Cleveland wrecked the party
or not, the discussion of. the Issue now
Inside the party, or with its opponente,
would lead to no conclusion other tb&a
our confusion and certain defeat