THE MOKSISG OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, PEBRUABY 4, 1903.
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TODATTS XVEATHEn-ClouiSy and threaten
ing, ccntlnm-d cold; easterly winds.
YESTKItDAVS WEATHKR-Mailroum trm
jieraturc. 30; minimum temperature, 2S; pre
cipitation, none.
I'OHTLAMJ, WEI1XESDAV, FEB. 4.
rLTtim or thopic asierica.
The one thin? certain about the Vene
zuela negotiations, despite all the prog
ress made by the assiduous and san
guine Mr. Bowen, Is that they are in a
bad way. The future of the Northern
States of South America, the future, in
fact, of tropic America, is far from
bright. Symptoms now rampant may
yield under extraneous treatment, but
the rot of the difficulty is pretty sure
to remain until something radically dif
ferent Is Introduced as the controlling
force in Central and South American
government.
Venezuela now occupies the center of
the stage, but her troubles are typical
of everything between Mexico and Bra
zil. The land is rent with internal dis
sensiora and menaced with foreign
creditors. Government consists of a
procession of revolutionary leaders pass
ing through the executive offices. The
victim at once of devastating civil wars,
corrupt officials and scheming promot
ers from Kurope, the Latin-American
republic in unable to protect itself from
rebellion at home and spoliation from
abroad.
Perhaps we should say that one other
thing is certain, and. that is that this
eltuation cannot, continue. Venezuela,
for example, contains about as many
people as the City of New York, while
its area nearly equals that of ten euch
plates as New York. Civilization will
not forever stand halted at the borders
of such wicked waste of natural re
sources and such wanton misuse of the
trust of government. India, Egypt, the
East and the West Indies, Hawaii and
the Philippines and the borders of China
point the end of racial anarchy and in
competence. It is contrary to public policy that
promoters in the OldWorld and pliant
oUlcials in the New should continue
to pile burdens on the backs of
honest industry in Venezuela and else
where, stimulating corruption over
there and bankruptcy here; submerging
merchants; manufacturers and planters
under a sea of hopeless debt and de
based currency; subjecting the United
States ever and anon to costly and em
barrassing interference, and threatening
the peace of the civilized world. The
situation is insupportable from every
point of view1 of common Justice as well
as expediency. In what way can It be
remedied?
Those who cannot govern must give
place to those who can. This is a hard
proposal, and Is availed of by doctrin
aires In every modem land to sneer at
the existing order. But neither its hard
ness nor the arraignments of altruistic
philosophy suffice to shake it. Those
who cannot govern must give place to
those who can. To this end by many
and devious paths have the waste places
of the earth, from Canaan to Rome and
from Britain Itself to Porto Rico and
Africa been brought, until South Amer
ica and China afford almost the sole
habitat of Inefficient rule.
Since the day when the Spaniards car
ried their victorious arms to the capi
tals of Mexico and Peru, government
worthy the name has never existed be
tween the tropic of Cancer and the
tropic of Capricorn. This belt of fiery
suns and rampant vegetable and animal
life has produced no race with the
power to govern itself, and Its subjec
tion to Latin peoples has been too weak
to maintain itself against uprisings of
the rebellious blood of the native-born.
Four centuries have passed over the
scene and patience begins to tire at the
unrelieved spectacle of disorder, bank
ruptcy and carnage. We must prepare
ourselves for the beginning of the end.
The obvious key to the riddle is in the
peculiar relationship sustained to these
unhappy republics byi the United States.
If it Is inconceivable that this govern
mental anarchy should continue, it Is
unthinkable that Europe should parti
tion South America as it is partitioning
China, and It Is vain to look to tropic
America for its own redemption. The
medium of good government in tropic
America must be the United States.
How the desideratum is to be brought
about is as yet far from clear; yet It is
unmistakable that events are bringing
light upon the way. The thing has been
hitherto impossible for the double rea
son of European Jealousy and South
American pride; but these will melt rap
Idly when Latin America comes to un
derstand that she needs a strong hand
to save her from the consequences of
her own acts, and Europe sees that
bombardments do not collect debts. It
is difficult to see how the Venezuela
awards, when made, can exclude some
participation of the United Staaes in
collection and disbursement, which will
establish a precedent of far-reaching- ef
fect on the problem of the American
tropics.
"THE CUV OP TUB CHILDREN"."
If placing the burdens of labor upon
the shoulders of the weak Is a step
backward from civilization toward bar
barism, then It appears that a long step
in this direction has been taken in the
cotton mills in Alabama. Thirteen
hours' continuous labor is reported as
the daily schedule for children as well
as adults in the factories of that state.
Inhumanity and its yoke-fellow, greed,
could scarcely go farther than this In
coining the lifeblood of the weak and
helpless into the profits of industry.
The "Cry of the Children," in which the
horror of child labor In England in a
past generation was brought by, Mrs.
Browning to the attention of the pub
lic, was a protest against, a wrong
scarcely more grievous than this. In
Alabama, in Georgia, where similar con
ditions prevail, and in Pennsylvania,
where nearly 23.000 children under the
age of 14 years toll in the coal break
ers and mills of the anthracite counties,
some attempts have been- made to se
cure legislation for the protection of
child laborers, but, judging from re
ports carefully complied and widely
published, these attempts have fallen
far short of their intent, since
f till all day the Iron wheels go onward.
Grinding Ufa down.
It has been suggested that the pic
ture of children who are
Made to tread the mills of toll
Up and down In ceaseless moll
May be overdrawn; that in putting on
the dark ehadrs the hand of the painter
has been made heavy with pity, and
that the realities are not as gloomy as
the portrayal. If, however., it be true
that children anywhere work at any
kind of employment thirteen hours a
day. It is difficult to see how the fact
can be too strongly presented. Employ
ers on their part contend that work
with an earning capacity Is a blessing
to these children, since It gives them
more money than they have ever before
had, and that Its purchasing power has
surrounded them with comforts which
they never before possessed. Parents,
too. Join issue with humanitarians upon
the subject, and urge their right to en
Joy the benefits of their children's labor.
Indeed, it is admitted boldly by the for
mer that the cotton Industry in the
South 13 established upon the basis of
cheap child labor, and the statement
that the mills cannot be run without
this element is equally emphatic. So in
the British Parliament It was declared
that the coal mines of the kingdom
could not be operated it legislation
placed restrictions upon child labor the
conditions of which were so wretched
that the children who toiled In the mines
never saw daylight from month's end
to month's end, except on Sundays.
Those whose wealth If founded upon
and fed by labor the conditions of which
dwarf the bodies, dull the minds and
drive hope and joy from the hearts of.
children may enjoy It. But It may be
well to remember that
The child's sob In the alienee curses deeper
TLn the strong man In his wrath.
MODERNIZATION OF CHIXA.
The news from China Is not favorable
to the speedy Europeanlzlng of that
country, for another anti-foreign out
break like that or 1900 Is threatened.
Yung Lu, the real ruler of China, is
reported to be behind this threatened
outbreak. There Is nothing improbable
in this report.- A second and far more
carefully organized anti-foreign move
ment and not confined to the Pekln
Province would be the natural thing for
the leaders of the pro-Chinese party to
attempt. The leaders of the outbreak
of 1900, who are -in exile In the Kansu
Province, and the covert friends of that
outbreak, who are not in exile, are like
ly to Join hands in an anti-foreign cru
sade when they ore ready. They at
tribute their failure of 1900 to haste and
lack of preparation, and hope, by mak
ing their anti-foreign crusade general
throughput' China, to succeed.
The Europeanlzatlon of China goes
steadily on, as much evidence attests.
The task ls necessarily slow, owing to
the great resistant power of Its Interior
populations, compared, for example,
with Japan, an Island about whose
boundaries Western civilization has
long been beating and finding access.
But on the coast of China progress is
distinctly discernible. Influential Chi
nese statesmen were converted by the
disastrous war with Japan to the opin
ion that the only hope for China's res
toration to political health and efficiency
Lis in the education of Chinamen In
Western learning, even as Japan has
Deen eaucaieo. xne war oi isui was
followed by a series of acts abolishing
civil service examination in tpe Con
fucian books and substituting therefor
tests in Western history and politics,
providing for traveling fellowships at
the Western universities and establish
ing a modern university, with a group
of subsidiary colleges, for each province
of the empire. The college of the Prov
ince of Shansl has a faculty which In
cludes six foreigners, six Chinese profes
sors holding Western diplomas, and six
translators of Western university text
books Into Chinese. These thirteen col
leges In the province cost the govern
ment about 320,000 a year.
Given time, this kind of practical and
patriotic education of the trained minds
of China would work out the political
salvation of the empire, but before this
diffusion of Western intelligence can ac
complish Us destiny the reactionary
party in China will be sure to undertake
at the first opportunity another anti
foreign crusade. The leaders of the re
actionary party will for many years
have the enormous advantage of deal
ing with a people who have for thou
sands of years been educated to resist
all innovating Western ideas, whether
in dress, food, military discipline, poli
tics, morals or religion. It will not take
long to educate the enlightened men of
the empire, who earnestly hope and
struggle for better things, but it will
take at least a century to Japanlze a
people like those pf China. In the
meantime the empire is likely to be peri
odically rent with rebellious or so-called
anti-foreign outbreaks, led by leaders of
the reactionary party. The leading men
of Japan, from the Mikado down, were
united in their determination to Euro
peanlze Japan so far as was necessary
to perfect its military and naval de
fense, and In twenty years this reform
was accomplished, and this is exactly
what the great Viceroy Chang Chlh
Tung urged upon the educated men of
the empire. But in China there Is not
today any unity of opinion and action
regarding the political reform of China
through the Western methods adopted
by Japan. It is doubtful whether the
Empress Dowager Is a convert to these
views; it Is certain that Prince Tuan,
Tung Fuh Slang and Yung Lu are not
converts, and under these circumstances
the peace of China is mire to be. broken
within a few years by a terrible con
flict between the "Young China" party
and the party of Chinese reactionaries
who were scotched, not stamped out, by
the capture of Pekin.
This Is no academical question. It is
one of near and pressing Interest. In
character and commercial ability the
Chinese are the greatest people of the
East. If they become Europeanized to
the same extent as-Japan, their trade,
under peace, will be a mine of wealth
to the Western world, but without
peace and Europeanlzatlon the trade of
China Is more likely to deteriorate than
to improve. Without railways connect
ing the Important parts of the empire,
the vast mineral resources of China re
main undeveloped. Always a poor coun
try, the war of 1900 has intensified its
poverty through the waste of war,
througH the long throttling of trade,
through the Increase of taxation to pay
the Indemnity. A long peace and a
calm world are necessary to enable
China to recuperate and reform. But
the present conditions are not favorable
to a long peace. A poor country, Inhab
ited by a tax-burdened people, always
breeds bandits, is always ripe for civil
Insurrection, when public opinion Is di
vided between allegiance to the old anu
the new. This Is what we may natu
rally expect In China, and It war come3
it is likely to last long enough to par
alyze trade until the Western powers
interfere to enforce tranquillity. Our
trade with Japan grew from $27,000,000
in 1S92 to J50.O00.000 in 1901; but our
trade with China has Increased but
J3.000.000 in twenty years. All Asia
bought and sold with us JIOO.000,000
worth of goods in 1S32, and J1C7.000.000
worth in 1901. For China to share In
this increase demands the opening of
the interior. .
MEMORIAL TO JEFFEUSOX.
The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Asso
ciation, through Us president. Admiral
George Dewey, has Issued an appeal to
the American people for the money
necessary to erect a fitting monument
in Washington to the author of the
"Great Declaration," the illustrious ne
gotiator of the Louisiana Purchase and
the organizer of the expedition that ex-'
plored the Columbia from its headwat
ers to the sea. There Is nothing re
markable In the fact that no tablet to
the memory of Jefferson exists today in
Washington. No such monuments have
been raised to any of our Presidents at
the capital except when tK?y have been
of conspicuous military fame, or, like
Lincoln, died a tragic death in the exe
cution of their great office. Jefferson
was a man of "peace, plows and
schools," and, moreover, he was the ob
ject of most Intense political hatred dur
ing his whole active public career. As
Uie founder of the Democratic party,
Jefferson's memory was cordially detest
ed by the Whig party, and as the orig
inal evangelist of the doctrine of state
supremacy he was regarded with small
favor by the Republican party, which
ascribed the war against the Union to
the gradual dissemination of Jefferson's
theory of state supremacy by the South
ern advocates of nullification and seces
sion. Such a man, who was disliked and
distrusted by Washington, In whose
Cabinet he played a factious and dis
honorable course, resorting to the basest
political artifice and low cunning to ac
complish his purposes would, of course,
leave a memory behind him other than
that of a statesman of unblemished
character. To this day some men of the
highest Intelligence and versatile histor
ical reading are agreed in opinion about
Jefferson, some looking upon him as lit
tle better than a demagogue of rare po
litical genius, while others think that he
was In the main a statesman of high
and patriotic purpose who sometimes
stooped to the arts of a politician to
serve the end of a high public purpose.
These apologists for Jefferson point to
the fact that the moment he became
President he was completely sobered by
responsibility. The history of his ad
ministration reflects the principles,
views and opinions of Hamilton In re
gard to revenue, finance" and banking.
Jefferson opposed the United States
Bank during Washington's administra
tion, but approved the bill creating the
branch at New Orleans under his own.
Jefferson out of office was a different
man altogether from Jefferson as Presi
dent. The latest champion of Jefferson is
the distinguished historian, the late
John Flske. After Washington, Mr.
Flske. pronounces Jefferson the greatest
man of his times. He calls him a states
man "possessed of a nature at once
sweet and strong." Mr. Flske was a
man of laborious research, a man of
conservative, calm, philosophic temper
and his praise of Jefferson is entitled to
respectful consideration. The same so
bering sense of responsibility prevailed
lh the many-sided Jefferson in the mat
ter of the Louisiana Pi re hasp. As a
strict constructionist of the Constltu
tlon Jefferson favored at first a consti
tutional amendment to ratify an act in
excess of the Constitution. He wrote on
this occasion as follows:
It Is the case of a guardian Investing the
money of his ward In purchasing an Important
adjacent territory and saying to him when of
age: "I did this for your good; I pretend to
no right to bind you; you may disavow me. and
I must get out ot the scrape as I can; I
thought It my duty to risk myself for you."
Jefferson's Cabinet disapproved of his
project, but United States Senator
Nicholas wrote him that In his opinion
the treaty of purchase was constitu
tional. Jefferson, after asserting that
In his Judgment the annexation of Lou
isiana without express authority from
the people made blank paper-of the Con
stitution, finally said that If his friends
thought differently "certainly I shall
acquiesce with satisfaction, confident
that the good ssnse of our country will
correct the evil of construction when It
shall produce ill effects." Had Jefferson
been of the Grover Cleveland temper, he
would never have yielded, but he was
an' opportunist, and because he was an
opportunist we quickly secured the
Louisiana Purchase, which, measured
b its far-reaching effects, was the
greatest if not the only really great per
formance of Jefferson's life.
The Federalists on their part opposed
the Louisiana Purchase on constitu
tional grounds. The bill for the taking
possession of the territory and for its
temporary government gave the Presi
dent of the United States the same
power over the territory that had been
exercised by the King of Spain until
Congress should decide upon a terri
torial form of government, the Jeffcr
sonlans holding that there was no Con
stitution so far as the territories were
concerned, and that the Government of
the United States had full authority
over the territory acquired by treaty.
Not oply was the acquisition of Louisi
ana Territory a most far-reaching event
in its Industrial results, but the legis
lation by which it was accomplished
became a precedent for action in our
Philippine policy. It was exceedingly
fortunate for the country that a plastic,
ambitious, enlightened, able opportunist
statesman like Jefferson was President
when the chance to secure Louisiana
arrived. Had a Federalist been Presi
dent, the opportunity would have been
lost; and If Jefferson bad been a man
like Jackson or Grover Cleveland, dis
posed to force his scheme of a consti
tutional amendment upon an unwilling
party, -we should have lost Louisiana,
for before the states would have rati
fied the treaty of purchase (he British
would have seized New Orleans and
gained control of the navigation of the
Mississippi.
The Engineering and Mining Journal
states that In 1902 the world's produc
tion of gold was worth J306.723.462
against J2C4.SI0.477 worth In 1901. The
Increase brings the figures nearly up to
those of the record year 1S93, when the
output was J312.911.3S3. The South Af
rican War. which began in 1S99, caused
the decline, as the renewal of Industry
In the Transvaal and Rhodesia causes
the advance In 1902. How rapidly these
countries are Increasing their output is
shown by the fact that the production
of the Transvaal In 1902 was $33,211,343,
against J4.939.944 in 1901, and that Rho
desia last year produced J3.390.000 worth
ot gold, against J3.074.730 worth In 1901
and $1,610,251 in 1200. The production
of the Transvaal Is expected to double
during the present year. The other
chief producers of gold In 1902. were the
United States, with JS7.710.189 to its
credit; Australia, with JSl.315,100; Rus
sia, with J29;971,500. and Canada, with
J19,500.000. British India and Mexico
each produced over J9.000.000. The so
called Anglo-Saxon countries produce. It
will be observed, the bulk of the world's
gold supply. The chief producers of sil
ver are the United States and Mexico.
The output of the former In 1902 was
67.152.958 ounces, worth J35.067.275; of the
latter, 56.SC3.223 ounces, worth J29.693.975.
The rest of the world produced but 32.5
per cent, of the total output.
Madame Wu. wife of the late Chinese
Abmassador. Wu Ting Fang, came to
the United States a few years ago and
was carried from her steamer In a sedan
chair, her useless little stubs of feet
tightly bandaged. She goes hence, rela
tively speaking, on her feet, having
through observation- of the difference
between the lives of women who have
natural feet and those whose feet are
deformed by an ancient and cruel cus
tom discarded the bandages that
cramped and confined her feet, and al
lowed them to return as far as possible
to their natural proportions. Madame
Wu is to be congratulated upon the
emancipation of her feet, but If we are
to believe the statements of the late
Julian Ralph upon this point (which, by
the. way, ho one doubts), we may fear
that the feelings of personal independ
ence which resulted from he.r contact
with liberty will soon be stifled when
she returns to China and Us Iron-bound
rules of caste again encompass her, and
that her rebellious feet will soon again
be "properly bandaged."
The picture of John Kalanlanaole,
Delegate-elect from the Territory of
.Hawaii, who will socn appear In Wash
ington, will scarcely be a passport to
the good graces of society people who
halt even at nn imaginary color line.
"Prince Cupid" Is the name by which
this delegate will. It is said, be known
In Washington. A burly man with
strong characteristics of his race
stamped upon his features, he can
scarcely be worshiped even as a passing
fad or because he, with his wife, will
entertain royally and In seml-barbarlc
splendor. Some stimulation will be
given, however, to the Jaded appetlte'of
the social world by the Introduction of
this semi-royal pair Into Washington so
ciety a possibility which arouses some
Interest In them in advance of their
coming. What Is much more to the
point Is that the Delegate-elect from
Hawaii is said to be well Informed In
regard to his territory and Us needs,
and if this is true he will be an im
portant addition to the official life of the
capital.
Governor Aycock, of North Carolina,
In his recent message opposes the effort
to divide the public school money and
to allow for negro schools only a sum
In direct proportion to the amount of
taxes paid by the negro race. On this
point Governor Aycock says:
No reason can be given for dividing the
school fund . . . which would not .equally
apply to division of the taxes paid by each
race on every other subject, education is a
governmental function. The right to collect
taxes for that purpose is based on the duty of
the state to educate its citizens. The care ot
the insane la no more the duty of the state
than education, and If we divide the school
fund according to the races we should also di
vide the fund for the maintenance of the hos
pitals for the Insane In the same fashion.
The belief that the Navy of the United
States must continue to grow until It 19
equal In size and efficiency to that of
any other nation of the world prevails
to a considerable extent in the official
and legislative councils of the Nation.
A Navy cannot, either In Its construc
tion, equipment or operation, rise at the
call of an emergency. It is a growth
and must proceed steadily according to
carefully devised plans. This being
true, the resolution calling upon the
Secretary of the Navy for a permanent
programme for the steady Increase,
equipment and manning of the Navy Is
worthy of careful consideration.
Suppose It were for the benefit of the
corporations that they accept some fair
and moderate measure for appraisement
of their property and franchises, ouch as
Is proposed at Salem, in preference to
defeating It and incurring a greater
measure of public disapproval what
would they do? Well, they would go
right ahead and fight It. History offers
no instance to the contrary. That Is one
reason why. maximum rate bills and
other such contrivances gather 'such
strength as they sometimes do.
It is fitting that Mr. Doblln should
bear the brunt of the Lessler finding.
The known facts indfeate his purpose to
see what he could do with Lessler and
then approach the Holland people with
a view of marketing his resourcea Dob
Hn's self-convlctlon as a perjurer left
him without any boils for consideration.
The New York State Legislature is
urged by the County Supervisors to
bond the state for J50.000.000 and appro
priate J2.000.000 for the present year's
work on good roads. Independent opin
ion Inclines to denounce the good-roads
proposal as buncombe.
'o SdfIi Philanthropy There.
Detroit Free Press.
Seventy thousand Swedes are said to be
dying of starvation. What makes the
matter etlll more deplorable. Sweden has
no Mr. Rockefeller to 'offer them a uni
versity and no Mr. Carnegie to give them
a library.
SPIRIT OF THE NORTHWEST PRESS
Ilovr Dry It Won lit Otherwise He.
Eugene Register.
It has come to be that an Oregon Legls-
j laturc ithout a prolonged contest is put
! down as a tame affair. The Legislators.
I and also the people, socm to like it. judg
ing from the widespread interest taken in
the struggle.
Dawning Era for thV Xortuireat.
Newport News.
The Lewis and Clark Fair appropriation
bill haii passed both houses of the Legis
lature with no opposition. The great Expo
sition Is now assured and it will undoubt
edly be the dawning of a new era for the
Northwest Pacific Coast as well as the
State of Oregon.
Calln for n 3ierr Deal.
Albany Democrat.
For the good of the state the names of
Mr. Geer and Mr. Fulton should be
dropped from the Senatorial contest and
some one elected. The deadlock business
Is a disgrace to politics. Let us purify
the Oregon atmosphere by electing a man
to the Senate who will be above party
wire-pulling.
Gratttnde In Sherman.
Moro Observer.
The Portland Chamber of Commerce
has come to our aid. Thanks, gentlemen;
you shall be remembered in our will for
that recommendation that "in the event of
the Unrrlman people refusing to advance
money to extend the Columbia Southern
Railway, the moneyed men of Portland
raise the amount necessary for that pur
pose." This Is very gratifying to the bot-tled-up
Inland Empire. Now follow It up.
Present Plan Unsatisfactory"-
Boise Statesman.
The Oregon House of Representatives
has adopted a memorial In favor of elec
tion of Senators by direct vote of the peo
ple. It has an Illustration on its hands of
the unsatisfactory character of the pres
ent plan. The candidates for the Senate
will not agree to settle the matter In cau
cus, and the session Is being devoted very
largely to that subject, public business be
ing thus interfered with In a serious-manner.
J
Keep Elections Sepnrnte.
Astoria Astorlan.
Tho Oregon Legislature very properly
voted down a resolution which had for its
object change of the time of the general
elections from June to November. That
almost every other state In " the Union
holds Its elections in November, when
Presidential elections arc held. Is no rea
son that Oregon should follow suit. A
Presidential election Is a political battle.
We want no politics in state affairs, and
the further the two elections arc separated
the better it will be for the people of Ore
gon. Wolcott's Patriotic Act.
Spokane Chronicle.
By withdrawing from the Senatorial
contest in Colorado, and advising the ac
ceptance of Henry M. Teller as the suc
cessful candidate. E. O. Wolcott may
have sacrificed a valuable chance for per
sonal advancement, but he has performed
a patriotic act which carries with it moro
honor than the bare title of "Senator"
can confer. Tho struggld in Colorado has
been discreditable alike to the state and
to the Nation: and what Is worse. It
threatened to change on short notice from
opera bouffe to tragedy.
Oregon Frond of Her Warrior Sons.
Pendleton Tribune.
Oregon has reason to be proud of the
records which her sons made In the late
war. The volume recently published by
the state giving a history of the volun
teers and regulars from this state Is very
interesting, and contains the name of all
"our boys" who offered their lives' if need
be for their country. 'The book Is one that
every patriotic inhabitant of the etato
should read, and it should be placed In
every schoolhouse In the state. It will be
an education and history to coming gener
ations, and Is something that they should
know.
Figures Don't Lie, Yon Know,
Albany Herald.
Since the Dlnglcy act was adopted the
United States has been established on a
financial basis never anticipated, and
never reached by any other country on
the globe. Because the Democratic des
peration In search for an issue clamors
for tho repeal of the Dlnglcy bill Is no
reason why Republicans should turn
away from a law that has brought unex
ampled prosperity. Because the Dlngley
act Is accused by its enemies of establish
ing monopoly Is no reason why the people
of the United States should believe the
accusation in the face of what the figures
show.
Don't Need County Attorneys.
Fossil Journal.
The Journal Is opposed to the bill pro
viding a Prosecuting Attorney for each
county, and we believe our position on this
matter Is sustained by an overwhelming
majority of the people of Wheeler County.
No first-class lawyer could afford to take
the office at the price the average county
could afford to pay, and a poor lawyer In
that official position would be a menace
to the public weal. As the law now stands
the District Attorneys receive salaries
large enough to Induce good men to take
the office, and they don't seem to be over
worked In our Eastern Oregon districts
containing four or five counties each.
Fatal Wrecks Few In Oregon.
La Grande Chronicle.
While the community holds a full meas
ure ot grief for the deplorable, accident
cf Sunday, there Is cause for congratula
tion that there have been but few fatali
ties of this kind In recent years. Within
ten years there have not been as many
persons killed In this district of the O. It.
& N. as have been killed in runaway acci
dents and In the handling of horses. At
the same time there has been no single
caso of a railway passenger being fatally
lnjured. There has been a case or two of
passengers falling from the platforms, but
in no Instance when the passenger was
in his proper place has there been a fa
tality or even serious injur)".
Hermann for Congress.
Eugene Register.
Hermann is, beyond doubt, the logical
candidate for Tonguo's successor under
existing conditions, and those who study
the situation cannot fall to feel the force
of this position. Unless we send a man
to the lower house as Tongue's successor
who has had experience In National leg
islation it will be hard sledding for a while
at least for our men In the House. It we
send a new man to the Iloue, and also a
new man to tho Senite, there will be but
one man in the whole Oregon delegation
(Mitchell) who is onto the ropes. This
would certainly be a handicap that we can
111 afford at this time, especially when we
are going to ask Congress for J2.000.000 to
aid our Lewis and Clark Fair.
"Why School Teachers -4re Scnrce.
Wallowa Chieftain.
The supply of school teachers has been
diminishing every year la the State of
Oregon for several years, until nt present
It Is impossible to supply all of the dis
tricts. The reason is readily found in tho
fact that the wages usually paid a teacher
in this 'state are not sufficient to cause
him to make it a permanent business.
The same might be said of the school
ma'ams; the wages are insufficient and
the prospects of marriage are much moro
flattering during such prosperous time.
A few years ago it was claimed that there
were so many school ma'ams because
they would not give up a $10 Job for a 420
man; but now the conditions are different.
The wages of the teachers have not in
creased perceptibly, and the school ma'am
readily gives up a J40 Job for a W or $75
man. The wages of school teachers have
not Increased in proportion with the In
crease In other lines of business.
WALL STREET AND THE LAW.
Wall-Street Journal.
We have heard so much In the street In
the past two or three years of evasions of
the law in connection with important
transactions of various kinds that some
people suppose that Wall street mainly
does Its business by the help of lawyers
skilled in evading the law of the land.
It Is, unfortunately, true that this Is the
case to a certain extent. There Is a school
of corporation lawyers whose specialty Is
to find the weak spots in whatever laws
seem contrary to the wishes of financial
interests. Great skill has been developed
by these lawyers, and they have undoubt
edly rendered some service to the com
munity by discovering flaws and incon
sistencies in the statutes on the books.
Nevertheless, it is unquestionably true to
say that Wall street as a whole has ap
proached the law rather with the Idea of
forcing it Into consistency with ls opera
tions than with the idea of suiting its op
erations to tho law. Instead of calling in
counsel at first and taking advice as to
tho legality of what was desired to be
done. It has frequently called In counsel
later with instructions to make what has
been done legal. The difference lies in
the point of view. Wall street's point of
view is that If the law Is contrary to Its
wishes it must be changed, and If It can
not be changed It must be defied.
Now. of all sections of the communlty
Wall street is the most dependent upon
the law. The business of the street Is to
make, buy and sell evidences of title In
property of all kinds. These evidences of
title are worthless and as so much waste
paper except in so far as law gives them
validity. A certificate of stock In a rail
road or a bond secured by mortgage on
property is of no value save by virtue of
tho law safeguarding property rights and
protecting the creditor In the recognition
and collection of his Just debts. Now, the
foundation of the law is the same In all
cases. A man may not logically defy one
law and assert another. If both are given
by tho same authority. The authority
vested in the people of the United States
Is found In, natural law, and is morally
law is not broken by any statute of posi
tive law. A man's opinion as to the wis
dom of a law Is of no force against that
law so far as he is concerned. He is
bound by It. and must obey It.
It is. perhaps, natural that Wall street
should feel nnndyance when the law con
flicts with its desires and its plans. Inas
much, however, as Its very existence de
pends upon the continuance of law and
order In the community, it may well be
argued that it can far better afford to sub
mit to inconvenience and annoyance than
it can afford' to rank itself on the side of
those forces which are continually arrayed
against all law. For this reason we can
not help thinking It a very short-sighted
policy on the part of the "street" to per
mit even tho slightest exhibition of disre
gard of the law as It stands in any partic
ular. It seems to us that it is not merely
tho duty of the "street," but also very
greatly to its advantage, to support the
execution or the law In tho most rigid and
impartial fashion at all times.
Difllcnltles of Modern diplomacy.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Manifestly' it is impossible for any diplo
mat, even If he had the sagacity ot Tal
leyrand or the prescience of Gortschakoff,
to foretell everything of consequence
which was going to come off in the United
States before the newspapers got hold of
It. A diplomat who would fill the role
which William II has cut out for him
In the United States would not only have
to be omniscient, but he would have to be
omnipresent. The only way In which tho
Kaiser coulj get Information of things in
this country of interest to him before the
papers got them would be to employ a
corps of American newspaper men, with
headquarters at Washington and branches
at the capitals and principal cities of some
of the more important states. Even then
his private Information would seldom be
ahead of that printed in the newspapers
and sent? from here to the leading
journals ot the rest of the world. When
Talleyrand said a diplomat was a person
sent abroad to He for his country he gave
a fairly good definition ot the species In
his time; but that function does not "go"
today. The press and .the land and ocean
telegraphs make duplicity vain, even If
attempted. Nobody says or Intimates that
the recent German Minister at Washing
ton essayed to deceive either his own gov
ernment or ours. He failed. In one or
two particulars, to read the signs of the
times In this country correctly, but the
Kaiser will be unreasonable if he expects
clairvoyance from the new Minister.
Discussion of the Tariff.
Washington Star.
And yet there are men who insist that
the tariff question should not be dis
cussed. Read the debates in Congress and
see how pertinent they are on tariff lines
to matters of pressing interest. Read
the comments on them in the newspapers
and sec how much space they command.
Observe how strong the argument is in
favor of a revision of schedules which
were fashioned for a day of depression
and as a stimulation to prostrate indus
tries. The tariff question cannot be avoid
ed. It crops out at every turn. The sooner
it is taken up for systematic considera
tion, therefore, the better. Why not cour
ageously act upon a proposition which
has so much to support it both in tho way
of commercial necessity and political ex
pediency? Shall the hesitation of this
Congress extend to and affect the next?
Foreigners Who Are Hot Welcome.
Philadelphia Ledger.
Immigration Is now increasing at a very
rapid rate, owing to the efforts of the
agents of steamship companies in Europe,
who tell the immigrants that the new im
migration law Is to. be passed, and that
this Is their last chance to come to Amer
ica. There is. In consequence, an oncom
ing "wnvo of Illiterate, criminal. Insane,
pauperized, weak-minded and diseased
humanity." Everybody welcomes tho
brave, self-reliant foreigner who has the
energy, the "initiative," to strike out for
fortune In a strange and distant land, but
the "assisted" Immigration urged hither
by the steamship companies fpr the sake
of profit and the debased and diseased be
ings which the European countries wish
to get rid of are a real menace to the
Nation.
Always the Same nesnlt.
Savannah. Ga., News.
William II. Seaver. of tho National
Steel & Wire Company, gave some Inter
esting testimony before the House way
and means committee the other day. He
said that, the steel billet cost $10 less
abroad than at home, and added: "At the
present time we can buy it abroad and
pay the duty cheaper than we can buy It
at home." Mr. Seaver was asked if his
company sold Us finished products for less
prices abroad than at home. "Yes." he
answered, "because we get the benefit
of the drawback." That Is how the tariff
works for the benefit of the trusts at
home and consumers abroad.
Teaching the People a Lesson.
New York Evening Post.
When once you begin to take off tariff
taxes yotj, never can tell where you will
be able to stop. Such temporary relief as
Is now promised in the matter of the coal
duty should, 'of course, be welcomed,
though we hope that the Democrats In
the Senate will offer amendments untax
ing beet and steel and wire fencing and
glass and compel the Republicans to go
on record. But the great lesson for the
people to take to heart Is that they can
get whatever they want, even from a protection-mad
Congress. If they only Insist
upon It loudly enough.
Will the Same Sance Be Served!
Dallas News.
Apostle Reed Sraoot. pf Utah, has been
named by the Republican caucus of the
Legislature for the Senate. The matter Is
of Interest In that the world will bo
anxious to know If the Republicans of
Congress will consider the sauce for the
goose. Brigham H. Roberts, good sauce
for the gander. Reed SmooL
NOTE AND COMMENT
Got the grip?
The man without a cold feels lonesome.
One wonders what the doctors do with
all the money.
That cold Impromptu plunge given to
their comrade will be nothing as compared
to the .chilly stare that the board of di
rectors will give to the offending nurses.
Whenever Admiral Dewey want3 to
laugh ho has only to think or the unsuc
cessful attempt of the three German war
ships to put an old Venezuelan fort out
of business.
Prince Cupid Is something of an athlete
and knouri how to handle his fists, the
papers say. Too bad he was elected to
tho House or Representatives, Instead or
the Senate.
The Sultan or Morocco seems to have
undermined the pretender by buying out
the opposing torce. Evidently the Sultan
has been putting In his spare time reading
up American politics.
Tho fact Mr. Eowen doesn't want to
give any one of of the nations the best
of It in the Venezuelan showdown Is per
haps the reason why all the nations have
rejected his overtures.
The young men who are undergoing the
teste inaugurated by Professor Wiley, of
the Agricultural Department, are doing
pretty well now, but wait until h begins
to try them on the new breakfast foods!
Chicago University, which has tackled
many a difficult problem in the past, now
announces Its Intention to stop love
making among the co-eds. As a prelimi
nary step It should have tried a half-
Nelson on the sun.
,A variety actress In Washington struck a
new device the other day and it made a
hit in the papers. She pushed the lira
alarm button In her hotel and when the
reporters followed the firemen up to her
floor, she handed out a neat, typewritten
story about puehing the wrong button
when it was a drink she wanted Instead
of a fire extinguisher. ,
The one thing that Congress hasn't got
to apologize for to its liberal appropria
tions for harbor Improvement and irriga
tion systems In the West, The mibmarina
boat scandal was bad and the anti-trust
bills framed by trust lawyers were worse,
but Congress has discovered that this end
of the continent is on the map, and for
that we are grateful. 1
Bishop Potter was waiting for a train
In Minnesota on one occasion when ha
noticed a stranger eyeing him with great
curiosity. "Excuse me, mkUcr," he was
eventually nsked, "but I think I've seen
your picture In the papers." "Probably,"
admitted the bishop. "Kin I ask," con
tinued tho fellow traveler, edging nearer,
"what you was cured of?"
Senator Mulkey's bill to prohibit the
publication of obscene and sensational lit
erature needs no commendation. It Is the
one pending ordinance at Salem against
which no argument la possible, nnd tha
clean-minded people of Oregon are glad
that the storle3 and dramas or Tracy
pointed their own moral. Tho outlaw did
this much good, anyway.
nnrmnr Dole, of Hawaii, lort two
Inches of his beard by fire recently. In
a semi-tropical growth llko Mr. Dole's
two Inches will scarcely bo missed, yet
there was danger for a few moments, of
an appalling conflagration, with no In
surance. There Is no suspicion of arson.
But Governor Dole should learn, line ex
Senator Peffer. to carry a siphon for such
emergencies.
Sonalnr Ollllnm tells this etonr Of his
grandchild: The little girl aproached her
mnthpr recently and said: "Mamma, tne
man who collects our ashes must be awful
religious." "Why. my dear?" asked
her mother. "Well." said the little one.
"ntter the man emntled our ashes In tha
wagon his mule wouldn't go. and then tha
man eat down on tho barrel and tola tno
mule all about lots of religious things."
'when Marconi Eets his wireless tele
phone perfected." says the AltaUa Sago,
"I am going to call up San Francisco, and
hnvo Run Francisco call up Hong Kong.
and have Hong Kong call up Calcutta, and
have Calcutta call up Cairo, and have
roim Aill ud Constantinople, and have
Constantinople call up Paris, and have
Paris call up London, and have London
..nit Kew York, and have New York
call up Kansas City, and" have Kansas
City call me up, and hold a conversation
with myself."
The stock poet of tho Chicago Tribune
verses a unanimous sentiment when ha
sings:
San Carlos was defenflea well
By Bello.
The enemy was given shell
Br Bello.
The fight was fought with dash and vim
Br Bello. '
The cruisers found they could not swim
By Bello.
Let's hope It's all that will he dons
Br Bello.
Jfo further tasks will be begun
Br Bello.
For, though hot fighting has been seen
By Bello,
We'd hate to bur a magazine
And find "The War I Held the FortJ
And "Court of Inquiry's Heport":
And "How a' Hero Does His Stunt"!
And "Diary Writ at the Front":
And "ItevoJutlons 1 Have Known":
And "Presidents I've Overthrown";
And "Modern Tactics In the Fight":
And "Are the Germans Wrong or Right;:
And "Incidents of the Campaign":
And "How the Inelr Mule Was Slain":
And "Venezuela's Future Dreams";
And "How a Big Bombardment Seems";
And ten or twentr other things
Through which the hurtling missile sings.
We hope. Indeed, we will not find
The articles we've mentioned, signed
Br Bello t
l'LEASAXTniES OF PAUAGUAPIIEU3
She Doctor. Is Squedunk a good place to go
for rhAmatlsm? Doctor Sure. That's where
I got mine. Detroit Free Press.
Chollr Was poor Gussle pwepared to die?
Algy Oh. not at all. His valet was awar on
his vacation, ye know. Judge.
"The Hlfens are awfullr proud of their fam
llr tree." "But It seems to me It might have
been greatly. Improved br a little pruning."
Brooklyn Life.
"Do you take this Internally?" asked the cus
tomer as he put the bottle In his pocket and
handed over the change. "Me?" said the drug
gist's new assistant. "Great Scott, not I
sell It." Chicago Tribune.
She The cook let me take her picture with
my camera today. He For gracious sakes,
dear! Please don't let her see them! I had
hard enough work getting her! Yonkers States
man. "But you reallr are getting seedy," persisted
Mrs. Jfagglt. "Just look at your hair. How
long Is It since you've had It cutf "I don't
know." he snapped. "I haven't measured It."
Philadelphia Press.
"If you kiss me again, sir, I shall call my
mother!" "What's " tho use of that?" said
Chollle Freshe: "you know Fd prefer to kiss
you. and, besides, your father might object to
my kissing the old lady." Baltimore Herald.
Restful Rawlins Dat new hobo hex Jess com
pleted his first "century" rido on de trucks In
a freight train! Narrow-Gauge Nevlns Did it
please him much? Restful Rawlins Not a bit!
He said de dust an' jolts reminded him ur da
days when he wu rich an' owned an "auto" 1
Fuck.