8
THE . MORNING OKEGOmAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 29, 1903.
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TODAY'S WEATHER Light rain or snow;
continued cool; southerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 40; minimum temperature, 35; pre
cipitation. O.0S inch.
PORTLAND, THURSDAY, JAS.. 20.
THE ALASKAN FROSTIER.
The reason why the United States will
not consent to arbitration of the ques
tion raised by Great Britain as to the
Alaskan boundary is simple and clear.
It Is held that the boundary between
our possessions and those of Great Brit
ain in Northwestern America was fixed
definitely and with unmistakable prc
clelon by treaty between Great Britain
and Russia, formulated and signed at
St. Petersburg In the year 1825. When
we acquired Alaska we succeeded to the
territorial rights of Russia, in that re
gion. Our treaty with Russia of 1867
through which wo acquired Alaska, de
scribes the eastern limits of the cession
to the United States, by incorporating
the definition given in the treaty of 1825
between Russia 'and Great Britain. The
United States therefore declines to sub
mit to arbitration a subject already de
fined In a treaty to which Great Brit
ain was a leading party. It Is obvious
that any change from the treaty.
reached through arbitration, would be a
gain to Great Britain and a loss to the
United States. Nor is it conceded that
there is reason for providing an Interna
tional commission to review the subject
and interpret the treaty of 1825. Any
! new interpretation would set aside the
old one If it made any change. His
torically, England, Canada and Russia
have, by their respective actions, sus
tained hitherto what Is held by the
United States to be a legitimate con
struction of this frontier line; and the
I United States will not consent that a
controversy be now opened on a subject
not in dispute till after the discovery of
gold In the Klondike.
It may be conceded that there was
wanting exact knowledge of the phys
ical conditions of that region,' when the
line of demarcation was laid down in
1825, between Great Britain and Russia,
Tet for that reason the terms of the
treaty cannot, be departed from, since
such action would leave the parties
practically without any rule or guide
! toward settlement. What we know Is
that both: the English and Canadian
I maps of the Northwest, based upon sur
veys made by the respective govern
ments, have, until recent years,, de
fined the Alaskan frontier line prac
iicauy in me same piace wnere we
claim it should be drawn. Since the
discovery of a rich gold region in a dis
trict in the far Northwest that could be
more easily reached by water than by
land the Canadians have wished to pos
sess themselves of a port on the Alas
kan coast, and this has led them to
claim a construction of the old Russo-
Engllsh treaty, in the matter of frontier
delimitation, quite different from that
I which they accepted in former years.
However, their hardship Is not great,
elnce they are permitted to pass .goods
in bond through our territory into their
own. It may be received as certain this
Congress will "hold up" any negotiation
which may have been undertaken by
the State Department looking to .a new
interpretation of the terms of the treaty
of 1825 as to the boundary line.
AS OLD TOWJj AND ITS LESSON.
La Payette's apprehension of unfavor
able action toward it by the Southern
Pacific seems to be exaggerated,
Tet the possibility of such a fate
recalls the time away back in the early
days when Yamhill was the most noted
lisection of the state and La Fayette its
political and trade center. It was left
out by Ben Holladay from the first
West Side railroad scheme, and St. Joe,
a mile and a half to the westward, was
located as the terminus, McMinnville
being at that time a straggling little
village without political aspirations or
commercial pretensions. The effort to
make a town at St Joe failed, however.
and McMinnville came into notice, and
after a successful contest for the county
eat and the extension of the Oregon
Central, now a branch of the Southern
Pacific, through the town and on up the
"Valley, it quickly became the business
&s well as the social, educational and
political center of Yamhill County. La
Fayette, on the other hand, went, quietly
to sleep, and, though a cozy, nomelike
dreamy place, occupying a- beautiful
site on the bank of the Yamhill River
at the Government locks, the days of its
activity are in the past.
The decadence of this town and the
substantial growth but six miles to the
west of it of McMinnville conveys a les
son in community enterprise and the
lack of it. The early citizens of La
Fayette were in a sense loyal to the
place, but it was good enough for them
as it was. and growth was a matter
about which they did not trouble them
eelves. They had the county seat and
in due time a big brick Courthouse,
number of comfortable homes, a good
ncboolhouee, a town "hall and several
church buildings. They enjoyed them
selves and each other. Their commer
cial needs were supplied by a trl-weekly
steamboat that piled the tortuous little
river in high-water season, and by
freight teams that kept them in touch
with Portland when the roads were
passable. This sufficed for the time,
but It was not growth; on the contrary,
it was stagnation, and In the listless
mood begotten in such an atmosphere
the first railroad that pushed out of
Portland on the West Side was allowed
to slip by, after first halting and creat
ing Its temporary terminus a -few miles
away. The rest followed In due course
of events, and now the old pioneer town
that had a fair start In the early settle
ment of the Willamette Valley is little
more than a post town, while its rival
19 aggressive, growing and prosperous.
The fact that nothing remains sta
tionary in the world is illustrated by
this little bit of local history. Every
thing moves if not forward, then
backward. In obedience to this law the
old pioneer town of Yamhill County is
practically deserted. The beauty of
Its site still remains to it; it Is en
deared by old associations to those who
knew It In Its days of prominence and
promise. It is a cheap place to Mve be
cause rents are low, fuel is still plenti
ful, every house has Its dooryard well.
and modern Improvements of any kind
do not lay tribute upon the household
er's purse. It is, In brief, a quiet, com
fortable, restful village that has not In
the half of a busy century been touched
by the wand of progress a village fore
doomed with all of Its early opportuni
ties to stagnate and fall Into decay. In
dustrially and commercially speaking,
through lack of enterprise in Its self-
satisfied citizens.
DISTINCTION FOR NEW YORK.
Two days have passed by without any
Intimation In the Senate proceedings of
what action, if any, was taken on a
most important resolution presented on
Monday by Senator Piatt, of New York,
and under the rules carried over for one
day. Senator Piatt has just been tri-
mphantly re-elected by the Legislature
of the great State of New York, and
when he presents to the Senate a reso
lution embodying the views and reflect
ing the desires of that Imperial com
monwealth, It is incumbent on the Sen
ate, one would suppose, to give some
weight to the product of his acute and
resourceful brain.
The eminence of Senator Piatt as a
patriot and thinker Is known of all
men, and Is abundantly attested not
only by the practical unanimity with
which New York chooses him for Its
representative In the highest deliberat
ive body in the world, but also by his
elevation in the Senate to the important
chairmanship and committee places
which he holds. The legislation of the
Senate and practically that of Congress
as a whole Is In the hands of the Sen
ate committees; and it Is In these com
mittees that the great State of New
York reaps the reward of Its political
action; for while Vermont has the
chairmanship on Agriculture, and Ap
propriations ges to Iowa, and Com
merce to Maine, and Finance to Rhode
Island, and Foreign Relations to Illi
nois, and Interstate Commerce to West
Virginia, and Judiciary to Massachu
setts, and Military Affairs to Connecti
cut, and Naval Affairs to Maine, and
Pensions to New Hampshire, and Privi
leges and Elections to Michigan, and
Public Buildings to Indiana, and Public
Lands to North Dakota, and Railroads
to Wyoming, and Rules to Wisconsin,
and Interoceanlc Canals to Alabama
while all thesa places are filled as we
have indicated, the great Senator from
the great State of New York, aided
somewhat by Mr. Piatt's eminence In
affairs and in Senatorial service, passes
them by to grasp with firm hand the
serene and inaccessible peak of the com
mlttee on Printing.
It is from the committee on Printing,
therefore, that New York, from time to
time, edifies the Senate and startles the
world with Its contributions to legisla
tion, when Mr. Piatt can spare the time
from his arduous labors on behalf of the
Census Committee or the Important en
terprises, so dear to his heart, of Civil
Service and Retrenchment. This was
the case on Monday, when the Senator
presented a report from the committee
on printing and asked for its considera
tion. It Is not to bo doubted that the
desired" consideration would have been
accorded, but for the opposition of an
other profound statesman. Senator
Quayv of the great State of Pennsyl
vania, whose anxiety for the public wel
fare, as manifested through the New
Mexico ambition for statehood, comes
Into collision with Senator Piatt's de
sire for the public welfare, as expressed
through his report In favor of having
some of the Senate's precious documents
sent to the printer to be set up, printed
and possibly even bound. The superior
lty of Piatt is attested in the remark of
Senator Hale that "Quay was mistaken
if he thought the majority of the Sen
ate was with him In objecting to
proposition such as printing matters for
the convenience of the Senate."
One is moved to felicitate the State
of New York upon the fact that while
other states set the names of their great
men upon tariffs and monetary laws,
upon treaties and canal bills, upon acts
in regulation of commerce, railroads
coast defenses, battle-ships, public lands
Indian affairs, and the new dependen
clea, New York ever and anon rises
from her seat to inform the world that
100 copies of the report of the Agrlcul
tural Department on the best manure
for variegated petunias have been
placed at the disposal of each Senator.
It is no wonder that men of ordinary
intelligence have long ago despaired of
contesting Piatt's seat In the Senate.
Bankfull throughout its entire length
and swelling as It pushes onward to the
sea from tribute rendered by numerous
streams that have their sources in the
foothillB which the warm rains of last
week denuded of enow, the Willamette
River Is sending down a torrent that
menaces fences, fields, hopyards, build
lags everything, In fact, that lies
within the sweep"of Its waters. It has
been a number of years since a damag
ing Winter freshet has prevailed in -this
region, and farmers have, perhaps.
grown reckless In planting orchards and
hopyards and making other improve
ments upon land subject to overflow In
one of these exceptional seasons. To
the extent that this is true there will
be los9 In damaged orchards and fields
and in fences and farm buildings car
ried away. The current ih. a freshet of
this kind Is practically resistless, and
the driftwood lodged and the silt depos
lted on "bottom lands prove discouraging
obstacles to agriculture. Much loss of
this kind resulted from the flood which
prevailed during the latter days of Jan
uary and February, 1890, the date of our
last heavy Winter freshet. In the thir
teen years that have Intervened farmers
have Included In their cultivated area
many acres that were overflowed at
that time. Much of this area, with the
improvements that were placed upon It,
is now again under water, and the loss
will no doubt be both considerable and
discouraging. However, 'the thrifty
farmer will not fail In taking an in
ventory of his losses due to lowland in
undation to reckon the value of the
crops that has accrued in the interim
between freshets and find therein jus
tification of his enterprise in putting
these lands under cultivation.
INTOLERANCE FOR LIBERTY.
How narrow Is the space between lib
erality and intolerance appears from
this brief passage from ' the Sllverton
Torch of Reason:
As citizens and Liberals, wc decidedly object
to any officers of any theocracy being- made
legislators or officers of our republic In any
way- or on any terms, whether by the "Repub
lican" or any other party. Let them first
withdraw in rood faith from the opposition
kingdom" and "church" and become natural
ized in this world, and in the United .States
Republic Uncle Sam should not be made to
warm serpents in his bosom. If not a danger.
is a disgusting farce.
The proposal Is to bar Smoot out of
the Senate because he Is a Mormon.
The objection is not to his Immorality,
but to his religious belief. No member
of a "theocracy" should be admitted "to
office. And this is urced in the name of
liberality" and tolerance!
It is not tolerance, it Is persecution.
Yet precisely such has been the usual
course of "liberalism" e very wbere They
who fled from European persecution .to
Massachusetts Bay to enjoy their wor
ship freely didn't want any one else to
have that freedom. All were free to
worship, provided they worshiped along
the lines of the Puritan theocracy. Oth
erwisethere were Roger Williams and
the hapless Quakera In the name of
liberty the know-nothings pursued their
persecutions. They who have suffered
most from religious Intolerance are
often most Intolerant toward other
sects.
Antagonism to Mr. Smoot on purely
religious grounds can- only result in aid
ing him to Influence In the Senate,
where his acceptance is a foregone con
clusion. 'His character as a citizen and
business man is accounted proof against
every attack. His truthfulness seems
to be unquestioned; and when he de
clares emphatically that his first alIegI-
ance Is to the United States, he puts
the burden of proof upon his accusers.
Polygamy must be stamped out in the
United States; but Immorality Is not
confined to Salt Lake among our cities.
The religious prejudice directed at the
Catholics and the Jews diversifies our
politics sufficiently without adding to it
proscription of the Mormons merely as
members of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-Day Saints. One church Is as
good as another in the eyes of Uncle
Sam; and when It comes to morality,
that Is a matter for evidence. Roberts
would never have been thrown out of
the House If he had not paraded his
harem before the country and espe
cially at Washington. Utah is a state.
If no Mormons are to sit In Congress, it
should not have been admitted to the
Union.
THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
The "Oratorical Essays of B. J.
Phelps," which have just been pub
lished by Harpers. Include a careful
study) of the Monroe Doctrine. Mr.
Phelps waa American Minister at the
court of St James In the first Cleveland
Administration, and under the appoint
ment of President Harrison he subse
quently served as senior counsel for the
United States Government before the
Behring Sea court of arbitration at
Paris. Mr. Phelps supported- that In
terpretatlon of the Monroe Doctrine
which binds us to oppose the ac
quisltlon of any new territory in the
Western Hemisphere by Europe, which
is the view reaffirmed in' President
Roosevelt's message, but Mr. Phelps
disapproved of Mr. Cleveland's Interpo
dtionIn the Venezuela boundary dis
pute, holding that we had no more right
to Intervene in that controversy than
Mexico would have a right to interfere
in the dispute as to the boundary be
tween Alaska and British Columbia.
Mr. Phelps also disapproved our inter
position in behalf of Cuba, because he
believed that Cuba would ultimately
come under our Government and that
its negrlne population was a most un
desirable element, hopeless of orderly or
enterprising life.
The view of Mr. Phelps concerning
the original Monroe Doctrine emitted by
President Monroe In 1823 Is that it con
tained nothing essentially new; that it
was based on "a fundamental principle
of International law, the right of na
tional self-preservation and defense in
every case and under all circumstances
that call .for Its exercise." This Mr,
Phelps accepts as the first and "para
mount duty of every Independent na
tion, and holds that the principle ap
plies as fully' to the acquisition of terri
tory by another power, when it serious
ly endangers the safety or ImportariETin
terests of a country, as to any other agv
gression. This fundamental principle
of International law Is what Mr. Phelps
quotes as Webster's definition of the
term "Monroe, Doctrine." The applica
tion of the right of National defense to
the injurious acquisitions by other na
tions of new territory has long been es
tablished and enforced by Europe in the
maintenance of trie balance of power.
Germany, says Mr. Phelps, could not
have undertaken to annex the whole of
France by conquest In 1871 without en
countering the armed protest of the rest
of Europe. The absorption of Turkey
by Russia has more than once been pre
vented by Great Britain, Austria,
France and Germany. Europe did not
interfere with the annexation of Alsace
and Lorraine because no European
power would suffer by the return of
these old German conquests to the
Fatherland. When the United States
purchased Alaska from .Russia Great
Britain made no protest because she
suffered no Injury and because the
United States-was sure to be a far more
intelligent and profitable and enterpris
ing neighbor than Russia to Great Brit
ain, as the result has clearly proved.
If Russia owned Alaska today, the Brit
Ish goldbearlng Arotlc region would
probably have remained In an unprofit
able condition.
Our Government resisted the attempt
of France to establish, a monarchy In
Mexico under its fundamental right of
National self-preservation and defense,
and we should under the same right re
sist on effort by a European power "to
obtain control of Nicaragua, which our
future commercial and political inter
ests require should be under our con
trol or its neutrality and freedom com
pletely guaranteed." Mr. Phelps would
have held that under our fundamental
right of National preservation and de
fense we should oppose the acqut
sition by Germany of a foothold In'
I Venezuela, or Colombia, or Central
America, because such acquisition
would place a great European military
and naval power In dangerous proxim
ity to the trans-Isthmian canal.
The English Professor Leech, in the
Fortnightly for November, agrees with
Mr. Phelps in denouncing the Vene
zuela message of President Cleveland,
and condemns Lord Salisbury's consent
to arbitration. Professor Leech says
that while Great Britain has established
a precedent against herself, this prece
dent is not binding on other nations,
and believes that when anv matter
worth fighting about comes up this pre
cedent extorted under a threat of war
by President Cleveland" will be disre
garded. He thinks that within fifty
ears many subjects of European na
tions will settle In South America, and
thatwhen friction arises between them
and the Latin-American common
wealths the story of the Ultlanders will
be repeated. Sir Frederick Pollock, In
the Nineteenth Century, holds that
Great Britain, by her refusal to support
or permit an Interposition by Conti
nental powers on the side of Spain in
the war between that country and the
United States, practically accepted the
principles embodied in the Monroe Doc
trine, and draws the inference that if In
the future any like enterprise should
bo attempted by a European coalition.
If necessary, not only the moral but the
physical power of the British Empire
will be' exercised on the side of the
United States.
The emancipation from slavery to coal
has begun, but it goes on wjth the slow
and measured tread of a great reform.
Some months ago the Swedish govern
ment decided to operate by electricity
the 2200 miles of railway that it owns.
The electricity will be generated by
water power, which in that mountain
ous country abounds. Some time ago
Italy began to use Its waterfalls' for
generating electricity, and an industrial
revolution in that country is expected in
consequence of cheap power for manu
facturing purposes. Oil is being largely
used as fuel on ocean-going. craft, ex
periments in its substitution for coal
awakening wide interest These are lit
tle more than encroachments, however,
on the border of coal's world-wide king
dom, but they serve to show that hu
man energy and enterprise will In time
find means to emancipate industry, at
least partially, from a bondage to coal
that has long been absolute.
The last of the gun crew, nine all
told, who were Injured by the explosion
of a powder charge of an eight-inch
gun on the battle-ship Massachusetts
on the 17th Inst, Is dead. Five of the
number were killed outright, and the
remaining four succumbed one by one to
their terrible Injuries In the military
hospital at San Juan, Porto -Rico. The
cause of the explosion is given as the
accidental discharge of a percussion
primer while the breach of the gun was
open. In other words; momentary lapse
of vigilance, or perhaps the taking of a
chance, awoke the latent energy of the
explosive, and death and destruction
followed. The story with the miner's
lamp incautiously left open as a text
has been often voiced by tremendous
explosions in coal mines. Its recital
brings into prominence as often as it
Is heard the one element that cannot be
engendered by law or Insured by official
vigilance, the human mind always
standing at "attention."
The attitude of the labor leaders and
Socialists to a referendum on the Lewis
and Clark Fair Is to be unreservedly
praised and commended to the attention
of all organizations In sympathy with
the state's welfare. The referendum Is
not to be abused by Incessant resort
to it but employed only In the extrem
ity of necessity to thwart plainly Inlqul
tous legislation. Its chief function is
that of insurance In the way of warning
to the Legislature. It Is like the canal
at the cascades of the Columbia, which
lowers freight rates though It does not
carry the traffic. This fact seems to be
understood by the very forces that were
behind the movement for the referen
dum. There Is no occasion for its mis
understanding or misuse In other quar
ters. Justice Brewer is needlessly perturbed
at the Supreme Court's apparent re
versal.o'f itself. That Is something that
Is going on constantly. Jurisprudence
Is not an exact science. If It were. It
would be dead. It Is a living and
breathing human institution, and that Is
why it must adapt itself to the chang
ing necessities of the time. Land-grant
railroads are not in favor with the
courts to the extent they yonce were,
and neither is Marshall's leaning
toward monopoly. The Supreme Court
has reversed itself wisely on public
lands, just as It did In Its attitude
toward flat currencny and Government
banking.
The commutation of the death sen
tence passed upon Colonel Arthur
Lynch, who was recently found guilty
of high treason, to penal servitude for
life, will probably be followed within
ten years by a pardon. The British
government, of course, cannot afford to
make a farce of the trial, and some ex
emplary punishment was necessary in
this case. Penal servitude -to a man of
education .and intelligence Is a very se
vere punishment, even If It does not last
more than five or ten years; and Colonel
Arthur Lynch is likely to pay dearly for
his service In the Boer army against
the English flag.
After Great Britain, Germany and
Italy have been satisfied with Venezu
ela's payments and promises, some ap
prehension is expected over5 the faclll
ties that will be available for similar
enjoyment on the part of France, Den
mark, Holland, Belgium, Spain, the
United States, Norway and Sweden
The other creditors have doubtless been
overlooked in the hurry of the moment
Venezuela must be a strenuous bor
rower.
It takes the Seattle Times a column
more or less, to explain the diabolical
plot of the Colorado Republicans to
send a contestant for Teller's seat to
Washington and to fulminate suitably
against the enormity all of which Jooks
unnecessary and somewhat painful In
view of the prompt acquiescence of all
concerned in Teller's election.
The paper that was run by Tillman's
victim, Gonzales, is said to be looking
for an editor. Its success is likely to de
pend somewhat upon the treatment that
Is accorded his slayer. Another thing
largely dependent on the same thing Is
free speech In South Carolina,
The peaceful blockade Is such as to
make poor Venezuela wonder what a
warlike one would look llke
ABOUT COEDUCATION.
Washington Post
In the December number of the Popu
lar Science Monthly Is a clear and com
prehensive discussion of the higher edu
cation of women, by David Starr Jordan.
Certainly no better defense If defense it
can be called, of coeducation has ever
been made. President Jordan handles his
subject In a broad and liberal manner.
He does not contend that what is good
for one sex Is "good, for the other. His
argument Is that the bringing of young
men and women together In colleges re
sults In the Intellectual betterment or
both. His reasoning on this point Is par
ticularly forceful. He says:
"In woman's education, as planned for
women alone, the tendency Is toward tho
study of beauty and order. Literature
and language take precedence over sci
ence. Expression Is valued more hlghly
than action. In earning this to an ex
treme the necessary relation of thought
to action becomes obscured. The scholar
ship developed Is not effective, because It
Is not related to success. The educated
woman Is likely to master technique,
rather than art; method rather than sub
stance. She may know a good deal, but
she can do nothing. Often her views of
life must undergo painful changes before
she can find her place In the world.
In schools for men alone, the reverse
condition often obtains. The sense of real
ity obscures the elements of beauty and
fitness. It Is of great advantage to both
men and women to meet on a plane of
equality In education. Women are brought
into contact with men who can do things
men In whom tho sense of reality Is
strong, and who have definite views of
life. This influenco affects them for good.
It turns them awny from sentimentalisra.
It gives tone to their religious thoughts
ana Impulses. Above all, it tends to
encourage action as governed by Ideals,
as opposed to that resting on caprice. It
gives them better standards of what Is
possible and impossible when the respon
sibility for action is thrown upon them."
In this we find the keynote of coeduca
tion, the suggestion of its true value. It
has done more than bring better oppor
tunities to women. In a measure it has
led to the improvement of tho curriculum
for Institutions having only male students.
It has blazed the way for the training of
tno individual Jay tho elaboration of tho
elective system.
The college course of even a quarter of
a century ago met with the approval of
no one. It was a Procrustean bed whose
dimensions, every student was forced to
meet, often to his mental detriment. It
was a "series of compromises" hallowed
by dogmatic and purblind tradition, In
no way suited to the needs of a progress
ive age.
Coeducation stimulated the search for
studies to fit feminine requirements, and
in tnis way led to the expansion of the
elective system. Today the dull-witted
boy with no tastes for the beauties of
the language is not forced to wade
inrougn tne endless coniucations of
Greek verbs. The professor susreests. and
the student chooses, and the flexibility of
the curriculum offers ample opportunity
for wise selection.
To be sure, there are certain dansrers
from coeducation, most Important of
which Is the lowering of the standard to
meet feminine capacity In certain
branches. But forewarned-Is forearmed,
and the wisdom of our creat educators
should be sufficient to cope with the emer
gency.
Judpre Day for the- Supreme Bench.
Philadelphia Inquirer.
While it Is not pleasant news that -with
the retirement of Justice Shlras, Penn
sylvania will loso representation on tho
Supremo Bench of the United States, It
is a partial compensation that the honor
is to be bestowed upon so worthv a re
ciplent as Judge Day, now of the Cir
cuit Court Few men have had such a
remarkable career. Six years ago he was
a lawyer in Canton, almost unknown out
side of his own neighborhood. Political
exigencies demanded the placing of Sen
ator wanna in tne Senate, and this was
accomplished by making John Sherman,
tnen in nis dotage. Secretary of Stato
much against his will. The aged financier
succumbed to the arts of flattery and
secured a post for which he was In no
wlso fitted.
It was evident that he would bo a fig
ure-head, and much 'surprise was mani
fested when William R. Day, a compara
tively young and unknown man, was se
lected for the post There being, how
ever, little prospect at the time that there
would be other than routine duties, the
mater was not considered important
when It developed that we were becom
lng embroiled with Spain and that a war
was likely, much alarm was manifested.
even by well-Informed persons, because
It was assumed that we were practically
without a head of the State Department.
That alarm did not last long. It soon
appeared that Mr. Day was a man of
great wisdom and force of character. Fol
lowing the lead of President McKinley,
he did his best to smooth matters over
and avoid war. The most important dis
patches were sent without the knowledge
of Secretary Sherman, who soon found
that ho was only expected to be a figure
head, a position he had never before as
sumed and which Irritated him greatly.
How well Mr. Day conducted affaire as
Assistant Secretary and finally as titular
as well as actual head of the Department
of State, Is well known.
Jfo Independent Operator.
New York World.
Tho very term "Independent operators"
Is a fraud. There are none. The so-called
"Independent operators" are, and always
have been, since tho anthracite coal road
combine was formed, completely at the
mercy of the latter. The combine charges
them whatever rates It pleases to carry
their coal. It can deny them cars. It did
deny the "Independents" cars until they
agreed to allow the combine a commission
of 65 per cent of the tidewater prlc& for
carrying and selling their output There
Is abundant proof the Interstate Com
merce Commission has It on file that the
combine of coal roads fixes differential
freight rates on coal to please Itself; and
there Is no power anywhere at present to
prevent It.
The power arbitrarily to fix coal
freights Is tho power to destroy "Inde
pendent operators." For Baer efr at to
pretend, therefore, that thoy are at the
mercy of the Independents 13 a pretenso
so utterly at varlanco with the notorious
facts that Its Impudence Is amazing.
The Bills.
Madison State Journal.
Hear the reading of tho bills.
Countless bills!
What a world of wisdom they present, with
all their frills!
How the Legislators hustle
All day lone and half tho night
How they scratch their heads and tussle.
How they rustle, how they bustle!
Till they are exhausted, quite;
And they swear, swear, swear
That with worry, grief and care
They'll be driven to dyspepsia and to little
liver pills.
By the bills,' bills, bills, bills.
Bills, bills, bills,
By the multitude of senseless, useless bills!
Hear the stack of freakish bills,
Tacky bills!
To transform hills Into valleys, and the valleys
Into hilts,
To prohibit baccarat ,
And the same called one-old-cat;
Heaps of bills
To protect our fish and game,
And a bill (ain't It a shame 7)
To' discourage matrimony
Just because the path Is stony.
Oh. the bills!
Curse the authors, brainless chaps!
They are neither man nor woman,
They are neither brute nor Human,
They are yaps!
"Who will perish soon, perhaps,
And be hurled into a climate where the trick
ling brimstone rills
Will consume them and their. 'bills,
All their bills, bills, bills, bills,
-Bills, 'bills, bills, ,'
JAll their ldlctlc, Inconsistent bills!
THE PROSECUTION OF MAJOR GLENN
The Manila Times. December 3.
We do not know the merits of the par
ticular case for which Major Glenn Is to
be brought to trial before a court com
posed of his brother officers, but speaking
generally on the matter, we are Inclined
to question the judgment of the War De
partment In bringing him to trial. It will
nrobably be found Impossible to convince
any court tnat Jdajor uienn is gumy oi an
act of wanton cruelty, for he Is an officer
of proved efficiency and excellent stand
ing, and we will only be put through the
stirring up process again to no definite
end. The Samar campaign was unquestion
ably a severe one. but the Army was
coping with serious conditions and drastic
measures were- Imperative. Major Glenn
was there under orders performing an un
pleasant duty, and if he erred, his mis
take was unquestionably one of judgment
He and h!e comrades were fighting a cruel
foe and there as elsewhere In the Islands
the moderation and restraint of the Ameri
can soldiers in the face of barbarities upon
their comrades was remarkable. Our
enemies have honored us with that tribute
and the fact Is beyond dispute. We are
not dropping Into the false logic of justi
fying one wrong by another, but merely
recalling an extenuating circumstance
which human nature universally may
plead.
In this particular connection attention
might be called to the fact that while we
have granted general amnesty to the
enemy, we are following the Spartan-like
policy of punishing our own men who
transgressed the laws of civilized warfare
as we now write them. Naturally, wo ex
pect a little more from American soldiers
than from tho men who followed Malvar,
Lucban, Guevara, Rufino and the others;
but have wo not exacted It already?
While we formerly did contend for the
trial of Major Glenn and of any other
officer who was accused of inhumanity,
yet we do not believe anything can be ac
complished for either the Armv nr the
Filipino people by now resurrecting the
past We'are not sure that It will not
do both harm. The Army has unquestion
ably suffered a loss of spirit, but we would
not go so far as to eay that it could not
be completely relied upon In any crlsi3
hero or eteewhere that called for valorous
service. As to the Flllninos. it is rrn In
that the disorderly section of them have
taken advantasce of the innetivitv nr th
Army, and that the punishment of Ameri
can officers will tend to further encourage
"' ve ave testimony on the latter
proposition from natives of high standing
who strongly urge that the war chapter
in the history of these Islands be quickly
written.
OREGON'S 1905 EXPOSITION.
San Francisco Chronicle.
It Is timely to suggest to the Stato Leg
islature that in the preparation of a bill
appropriating money for a fitting repre
sentation of the products of California at
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St.
Louis next year, provision should be In
corporated In It for a similar exhibit at
the Lewis and Clark Exposition, to be held
ai x-oruanu. ur., tne year following. The
two expositions are to be held eo near to
one another as to time that the exhibit
sent to St Louis can be shipped direct to
Portland as soon as the Louisiana Pur
chase Exposition closes.
We cannot afford to overlook the Lewis
and Clark Fair. Our relations with Ore
gon are so Intimate that what helps.lt In
directly aids this state. Our interests are
sufficiently alike to be affected favorably
or unfavorably by similar causes and
events, ana yet they are sufficiently
different not to interfere with one
another. Wo are, therefore, Interested
In the success or failure of the Port
iana exposition. Our welfare will be
best subserved by doing everything- that Is
reasonable to assure the complete suc
cess of our neighbor's enterprise. Doubt
less the Legislature will act favorably on
the suggestion here made.
"Jnlce" Goudy Out of Line.
Springfield (Mass.) Republican.
Our Consul-General at Paris, Mr.
Goudy, writes to the American Chamber
of Commerce there: "I am glad to say
that the exports from Paris to the United
States for the year 1902 show a large
Increase over those of 1001." "Glad" to
note ah Increasing Importation of cheap
labor goods Into the United States? He
should bo brought nome and Instructed
anew regarding the principles and objects
of the American protective policy as
championed by the party to which he be
longs, and which gave him his present
office
The Agreement Was Violated.
Peoria Journal.
It Is to be presumed that Senator Dolll
ver knew what he was talking about
when he said that tho duties In the Ding
ley tariff bill were purposely made high
that they might be reduced In further
ance of reciprocity. But if Dolllver la
telling the truth, why waa not the agree
mentfor there must have been one car
ried out? Did the extremely high protec
tionists bunko the ones who are moderate
protectionists, and after getting these du
ties so high then proceed to hog the wholo
thing? It really looks that way.t
No RellKion.s Testa Can Obtain.
Milwaukee Free Press.
If it was the intention of the good peo
ple of the United Statos to keep Mormons
out of Congress they should have refused
Utah admission as a state, but having
admitted It the state is as much entitled
to select Its representative citizen to
Congress as any other state, and Con
gress has no more to do with the religious
belief of the gentleman from Utah than
It has with those from any other state, or
than It has to require that a member of
Congress shall entertain some religious
views.
Ground for Snxpiclon.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
The report that the 300 Americans domi
ciled in the Isle of Pines are threatening
to resort to force In resisting the efforts
of the Cuban government to collect taxes
there which are expended In Cuba Is to
be received with more or less hesitation.
The well-known anxiety of those resi
dents to force the annexation of the Isle
In order that their speculative Invest
ments, based upon such an eventnallty,
may be made good Is sufficient to arouse
suspicion.
Encli In HI Own Tonsruc.
William Herbert Carruth.
A lire mist, and a planet,
A, crystal and a cell;
A JeHyflsh and a saurian.
And caves where the cavemen dwell;
Then a sense of law and beauty.
And a face turned from the clod
Some call it evolution.
And others calls It God.
A haze on the far horizon,
"The Infinite tender sky;
The ripe, rich tints of tho cornfields.
And the wild geese sailing high;
And all over upland and lowland
The charm of the goldenrod
Some of ua call It Autumn,
And others call it God.
Like the tide on a crescent sea beach.
When the moon Is new and thin.
Into our hearts high yearnings
Come welling and surging In
come from the mystic ocean
Whose rim no foot has trod
Some of us call It longing,
And others call it God.
" A picket frozen on duty,
A mother starved for her brood,
Socrates drinking the hemlock,
And Jesus on tho rood;
The million who, humble and nameless.
The straight, hard pathway trod
Some call it consecration.
And others call It God.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Tomorrow the Chinese turn over a new
leaf.
"Whoo-oo-p-ee! Ketchum jlag all same
'lite man!"
Will some one please tell us what has
become of Mr. Bailey, of Texas?
It Is now Doblin's turn to deny what
Lessler denied he did not say that Doblln
said ho said.
The one candidate who loses no sleep
over the Senatorial situation as It gradu
ally unfolds is Mr. Wood.
In return for that complimentary vote
Mr. Baker will undoubtedly Issue some
few compllmentarles on his own account
Did you happen to notice that this
column's weather predlctldn of yesterday
morning turned out to be exactly correct?
If the rapidly falling waters and the
swiftly rising tax rate could strike a com
promise, Portland would have very little
to wish for.
Germany should not get metaphors
mixed, says the Baltimore American. The
way to make Castro shell out Is not to
try to shell him out.
W. J. Stone Is In training for the Demo
cratic nomination for President In 1S0S, but
It is not clear how this is going to help
the 1204 situation any.
If our Oriental neighbors who are now
engaged In a four-day- celebration really
want to do honor to antiquity they might
attend tho coming performances of "Uncle
Tom's Cabin."
The Empress of China did go a long
ways to the rear and sit down, but we will
bo surprised If this Indemnity business
hasn't already started the old lady edging
her way back to the front
China is just 4025 years old. and it has
at least one thing to be thankful for.
There are no oldest inhabitants who re
member having shaken hands with Con
fucius. The deserved compliment which we paid
to the Oregon TImberman the other day
went because of a typographical error, to
tho Oregon Fisherman, well and favorably
known as a person but not as a publi
cation.
Tho simple statement from Reed Smoot
that he Is ashamed neither of his name
nor of his religion will make him friends
among a multitude of people who do not
believe In Mormonism.
Hon. James Hamilton Lewis, tho peau
de sole statesman of the "Democracy,
makes answer to tho report that he In
tends again to seek public office by' saying
that he has left politics for good, but he
neglects to eay for whose.
The New Year greeting of the Chinese
Is "chin chin!" Just now, with both
branches of Congress, about 40 Legisla
tures, tho coal commission and no end of
Investigating committees In session. It
seems especially appropriate.
Thaf'there Is some humor even in diplo
matic circles Is shown by a retort from
Assistant Secretary of State Adee to As
sistant Hill some days ago.
"I feel as If I could hardly drag one leg
after the other," said Mr. Hill.
"You should thank heaven you're not a
centipede," responded Mr. Adee.
Representative Shattuc, of Ohio, wasT
making an earnest and tearful plea for a
constituent.
"Mr. Speaker," he said, "this man Is
totally blind. He la dependent on what
the Government gives him for sustenance.
His sight is gone, and I recall that one
day he came and saw me "
Shattuc doesn't know yet why the house
laughed.
One of the most unique petitions ever
laid before the Massachusetts Legislature
has been introduced in the House by Dan
iel Leonard, of Agawam, who asks that
the County of Hampden reimburse him for
the loss of $4000 which he asserted he lost
through a "bunco" game to Frank L.
Smith. Leonard says that after Smith
obtained the money from him, April 17,
1300, he reported the facts to the authori
ties and Smith was finally arrested, in
dicted and balled for $5000. Smith then
jumped his bail and the money was paid
into the Hampden County treasury. A
part of the sum, Leonard believes, should
be paid back to him for his efforts in ob
taining tho arrest of Smith.
This is the way the proceedings continue
at that merry-go-round investigation In
Washington:
Mr. Lessler I met Mr. Roberts, a member
of the House naval affairs committee, and said
to him, as he was the one moat Interested In
that proposition, that I would sign a statement,
and Mr. Roberts brought a letter to me ad
dressed to tho Holland Company.
Mr. Wheeler Have you it?
Mr. Lessler No, sir. I said I would not sign
It when I saw It was addressed to the Holland
Torpedo-Boat Company.
Mr. Wheeler Did you read It?
Mr. Lessler No. v
Mr. NIcolI Was that statement to Mr. Rob
erts voluntary on your part?
Mr. Lessler Entirely.
Mr. Roberts I think certain members of the
committee drew the wrong Inference from the
actual condition of affairs that existed. Now,
I want to say that I have no wish to make
any statement voluntarily that will reflect on
any member of the committee, but If any
member thinks there was anything Improper
on my part during that Interview I am per
fectly willing to answer all questions.
Harry Schreler, an uncle of Lessler, was then
called.
Of course he was. The handiest thing in
the neighborhood just then was an uncle.
PLEASANTRIES OP PAItAGRAPHEHS
Kenneth Tom looked at me quite severely.
Bently Naturally. Tom Is awfully cros3-eyed.
Boston Transcript.
"How do you like your new servant?"
"That Isn't the question at all," answered
young Mrs. Torklns. "We are trying to find
out how she likes us." Washington Star.
A By-Product. Buffer What do you do with
the jokes that none of the comic papers will
take? Guyer Work 'em Into dialect stories for
the magazines. Judge.
"How Is your 'Don't Worry Club getting
along, Miss Smlfklns?" "Not so well. Each
member is worrying herself thin for fear she
won't get an office In the coming election."
Baltimore Herald.
Mr. Newstuff I must buy a lot of these pic
tures for our private gallery. Mrs. Newstuff
What! Buy ready-made pictures? Nonsense!
Let's have some painted to order.-i-Chlcago
Dally News.
Father I wonder what's the matter with
Nellie this mornlns. She acts like one pos
sessed. Mother She probably is. I noticed
a new ring on her finger when she came down
stairs. Philadelphia Bulletin.
"Forchen-Hunt is busy these days trying to
think up a scheme to eradicate certain weeds."
"You don't mean he's gone In for gardening V
"Oh. no. he's trying to Induce the Widow Got
rox to marry him." Philadelphia Press.
Tou say that your son at college has taken
up literary work as a profession?" "Not at
all. I merely said that he was writing for
money." "Well. I thought " "So he is;
he's writing for money to ma by every mail."
Baltimore Herald.
"Our pastor," remarked Mrs. Jenner Lee On
dego, "pleases us very much. Ho hardly ever
preaches more than 20 minutes." "Goodness!"
exclaimed Mrs. Seldom-Holme, "ours interests
us so much that we never notice how long he
preaches." "Well. I must bo going. Good
afternoon." Chicago Tribune.