THE MORNING OEEGONIAN, SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1903.
Entered at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon
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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JANUARY 30
LET THOSE LAXD GRANTS ALONE, j
There is room to doubt the wisdom of
the proposed exchange of lands In rail
road and wagon road grants. "We have
had eufficient experience -with adjust
ments of that kind to know that they
do not work out for the benefit of pub
lic Interests. Not all the details of the
bill now In. Congress have been made
known, but from the statement In the
news dispatches it Is apparent that the
opportunity for private gain, through
manipulation of grants which the gen
eral public is already thoroughly out of
sympathy "with, would be too great. The
advisability of consolidating those
grants is no greater now than It was
at the time they were made.
One of the reasons for adopting the
checkerboard system for land grants
was that there might be a distribution
of the favors which they were Intended
to secure. It was a safe assumption
that the corporations receiving those
grants would pursue a selfish policy,
that they would do no more than should
be necessary to get the land, and that
their part of the contract would be so
performed as to yield the largest possi
ble advantage to their own interests.
Grants of land In a compact body would
have put In the hands of the "grantees
power to confine their own. activity to
their own ends, whereas the whole the
ory of the Government's policy was that
the public would derive large benefits
from the Improvements secured by the
land grants and that these benefits
would justify the bestowal of the large
areas upon the persons who should
bring the improvements. The plan of
granting alternate sections was devised
for the purpose of making it Impossible
for the beneficiaries of this Congres
sional bounty to keep the public from
participating In the benefits. Only al
ternate sections were granted, leaving
the others for the public. This plan had
the effect of spreading the grant and
giving the beneficiary an interest in
opening a larger area, and it also admit
ted the public to equal benefits with the
grantees, for any project or system of
improvement that would benefit the
grant, scattered as it was, would also
inevitably benefit the Intervening lands,
which were held for the public.
Now it Is proposed to permit an ex
change which will consolidate the
grants In the arid regions, giving the
holders of the grants the privilege of
surrendering a number of their odd
numbered sections for an equal number
of even-numbered sections to fill the
Interstices between the odd-numbered
sections retained. But it Is not reason
able to suppose that the holders of these
grants will consent to any plan that
will reduce the value of their property.
Naturally they will. If permitted, con
solidate their grant where it will be
most valuable to them. The public in
terest is likely to suffer in this adjust
ment It Is likely to suffer In two ways
first, through getting poor land for
land relatively good, and second, by the
massing of very large areas under con
trol of private persona This Is contrary
to the spirit of American institutions,
and is not good for the industrial wel
fare of the country.
It Is not, of course, to be said that
the land could not be better used If in
a compact body. But It should be re
membered that the motive underlying
the management of these grants Is self
ish. The owners, in the case of Oregon,
are not even residents of the state.
They are unable now to pursue a policy
of extreme selfishness because of the in-
tersperslon of public lands or small pri
vate holdings amongst their own. If It
were assured that the public good would
receive first consideration at all times
In the management of these grants, it
might be advisable to permit their con
eolldatlon. But all experience teaches
that the public interest suffers 'from
these adjustments, and there is good
reason to let the holders of these great
land grants struggle along without fur
ther aid from the Government.
ATTICA'S WASTED FORESTS.
In the midland districts wheat and barley
could be raised in nall quantities, and the
mountain sides were protected from detrition
by dfeen forests. Yet as early as the fourth
century B. C. the ruthless and short-sighted
stripping of timber began, and In the Middle
Ages desolation spread through the carelessness
of wandering shepherds, who. like sportsmen
and campers of today, frequently caused wast
tag" forest fires.
As early as .the- fourth century Attica was
"becoming a waste, because the state and the
-people failed to realize the Importance of pre
serving the once rich woodlands of Parnes,
Pentellcus and Hymottus. The trees were cut
down wastefully by lumbermen, who found
their profit In the great demand for timber for
house and shipbuilding, furniture and fuel
Perhaps most harm was done to the forests 'by
shepherds and goatherds, who deliberately
burned down trees In order to gain more pas
ture land.
These paragraphs appear in Professor
Charles Burton Gullck'.s new book on
'Life of the Ancient Greeks," and refer
particularly to Attica, They are very
like a great number that have appeared
In support of our Government's new
forest policy. The statements that de
struction of forests would work irrepar
able harm, that unrestricted grazing In
the forest reserves would result In their
great injury, that it Is a proper func
tion of the Government to preserve for
ests, have been met by more or less rid
icule on the part of those interested In
getting at the timber or otherwise using
the lands. Here Is competent testimony
as to the effect of forest spoliation upon
Greece, a record of actual experience,
not of speculative reasoning.
Possibly Greece's glory would not all
be in the dim past If her forests had
been preserved. Her maritime power
might not have vanished, her soli might
not have become so lean and stony,
her climate would certainly have
been modified, the spirit of her peo
ple, might have been perpetuated by
an environment which brought it to so
great a degree of ( refinement and
strength. No good results of the de
struction of Attica's mountain forests
can be cited. The evil effects were
many and obvious. May we not learn
something from this history?
CIIAIHBERLAIX AXD THE BOERS.
The Boers, through public meetings,
have appealed to Secretary Chamber
lain for general amnesty aeid aid In ex
cess of the terms of the original Vereen
Iglng agreement. The answer of Mr.
Chamberlain is that no general amnesty
would be granted or aid beyond that
already pledged. It is a subject for re
gret that Mr. Chamberlain has not
shown a disposition to use his opportu
nity foir pacification In South Africa
as well as did Lord Durham when he
was sent to Canada In 1S3S to heal the
wounds caused by the rebellion of 1S37.
This rebellion had been crushed with
stern military severity by the British
troops under Sir John Colborne. Some
twenty of the insurgents had been exe
cuted, and there was a feeling of ex
treme bitterness prevailing between the
French Canadians and the English-
speaking colonists when Lord Durham
arrived. Lord Durham promptly paci
fied Canada by recommending that for
the future French Canadians and Brit
ish Canadians should be on a fop ting of
perfect equality, and that they should
all enjoy the privilege of local self-gov-
ernment
Mr. Chamberlain went to South Africa
as a member of the British Government
clothed with full powers both In the
matter of executive appointments and
ith regard to the future treatment of
South Africa by Parliament. The fatQ
of the Transvaal and the Orange River
Colonies and of the Afrikander element
in Cape Colony is In the hands of Mr.
Chamberlain. It will be very easy for
Mr. Chamberlain to make a fatal mis
take. If ho uses his powers for the
benefit of the mineowners in Johannes
burg and for the subordination of the
Afrikanders to the British element In
Cape Colony,- he will simply organize at
no very distant day another formidable
Insurrection. It will be easy for Mr.
Chamberlain, on the other hand, to
make a fatal mistake by forcing the
Transvaal, which practically means
Johannesburg, to pay from 50,000,000
to 70,000,000 toward defraying the ex
penses of the struggle with the Boers.
The government of George III blun
dered when It demanded that the Amer
lean colonies should bear a part of the
pecuniary burden Imposed by the saven
years' war with France for the suprem
acy in North America. This proposi
tion estranged the American colonies.
hitherto thoroughly loyal, from the
mother country, and led up to their re
volt and ultimate Independence.
It is quite possible that the demand
for a large contribution from the Jo
hannesburg district might estrange the
one section of South Africa on which
England should be able to rely. This
section is the so-called Band district,
which will hereafter practically control
the Transvaal, Natal was loyal In the
recent struggle, but Natal is too weak
to be a significant figure of opposition
to a renewal ten years hence of a move
ment for South African independence.
Cape Colony is more than ever before
under Afrikander control. The Orange
River Colony s. overwhelmingly Dutch.
The only large and growing district of
pro-British population Is Johannesburg.
and yet It is now proposed by the Brit
ish Government to levy on the InhabI
tants of the Rand an enormous contrl
button to the expenses of the war. al
though neither the English colonists In
Natal nor the Dutch rebels In Cape Col
ony are to be called upon to pay a
penny of the debt. After 'being pluh
dered by the Boers, these English resi
dents of the Rand are now to be so
heavily assessed, by the British gdvern
ment for the expenses of the war that
they are 'worse off than if they had not
changed masters. If England should
alienate the population of the Rand dis
trict, he would lose all hope of British
ascendency in the Transvaal, The
Transvaal is the key to South Africa.
and Johannesburg holds the key. If
Johannesburg is estranged, the Trans
vaal Is sure to remain Dutch and dls
loyal.
The situation In South Africa is really
very critical, and. whether It becomes
dangerous rests upon Mr. Chamber
lain's wisdom and moderation of action.
Of course he Is safe from Insurrection
at present; but his action today will de
clde with the Boers whether to remain
loyal or to prepare for another trial of
arms some ten years from today. The
Boers failed chiefly because they could
not persuade the Afrikanders of Cape
Colony to Join them; they will not try
again until they obtain the support of
Cape Colony, and it Is quite possible
they maysdo this within ten years The
Boer "War lost Its initiative through the
obsolete tactics of General Joubert, but
a Boer war begun" and engineered by
such Generals as Dewet Botha and De
larey would be a very much more for
midable affair. Under the Dewet tac
ties ine isoers wouia nave overrun
Natal and raided Cape Colony. It is
clear from their demands that the Boers
are not content, and It Is clear that the
exiled burghers are keeping the goid
they carried off to Europe as a reserve
against a new military emergency.
Judge W. B. Heyburn's selection to
be United States Senator from Idaho
will give that young state a better
standing than it has yet had in the National-
counclla Here Is a man of cul
ture, of broad and vigorous mind, of
clean character and known principles,
who is identified with the best interests
ofthe state and has proved his ability
and patriotism under severe tests. He
will at once take his place among the
leaders of the Nation, and will reflect
credit not only upon Idaho, but upon the
whole West. State lines do not bind
men of his caliber. Judge Heyburn will
represent his state, of course, with
honor and efficiency.; but he will also
serve the best Interests of the entire
country. His horizon Is not limited by
a political convention, the spoils of poll
tics are not his chief ambition. His po
sition upon the larger questions of gov
ernmental policies will be Intelligent
and serviceable. Perhaps It Is not too
much to say that no state west of the
Mississippi has a Senator better
equipped than Judge Heyburn for the
higher service that the country so
greatly needs. His record on the money
question shows the quality of his moral
fiber, and It Is rare vindication that has
come to him. His recognition at this
time will not only, give us a first-class
man in the United States Senate and
go far to redeem Idaho in the estima
tion of the whole country, but it will
also strengthen the courage of many a
weakling afraid to be guided by his hon
est convictions.
A STORY WITH A MORAL.
The case of the lad now In prison in
this city awaiting trial for the self-don-fessed
robbery of the postoffice at Alba
has Its pathetic side. Indeed, from
whatever side it Is viewed it can hardly
fall to excite pity, though Indignation
may at some points strive with pity for
mastery.
It .is not easy- to believe that there is
anywhere In this Northwest country
alive with opportunity and teeming
with prosperity an able-bodied family
that cannot compass for Its members
some of the simple Christmas joys so
dear to all childish hearts, and so heart
ily shared by older persons who are
normal human beings. It Is Inconceiv
able that any family having able-bodied
members In all this vast stretch of coun
try cannot secure a little Christmas
tree, string popcorn and red berries
for its adornment, and gratify the de
sire of the juvenile members by hanging
little bags of candy from its boughs, or.
failing In this, that they cannot devise
some other means whereby the children
may have their share in the general re
joicing. This lad's trouble probably
arose from the fact that his parents
thought all Christmas demonstration
nonsense, and made no attempt to De
"like other folks," blindly supposing.
after the manner of stolid and selfish
people, that their views were shared, by
their children, even when these were
old enough to go out and see what other
folks were doing. This is much more
probable than that they were unable
financially to gratify the longings of an
imaginative child for a share In the
Christmas cheer that abounded In every
community and which, finally grew Into
envy and at last Into a determination
to possess by theft some of the good
things that were everywhere current.
Without making any pretense that this
lad did not know better than to take
money not his own, It Is not difficult
to answer the question as to who Is re
sponsible for his sad plight.
While It may be said that the Christ
mas Idea is pushed to an extreme that
Is reprehensible, both as an extrava
gance and a cause for envy and heart
burnings, the circumstances must be
exceptionally hard that forbid parents
to Indulge to some extent the natural
desire of their children at the Christmas
season for some material manifestation
In their own homes of the joy that per
vades other homes and hearts In their
vicinity. It is not necessary to share
the belief of the orthodox church in re
gard to the Christmas occasion; it la
not necessary to spend money that one
cannot afford In order to express good
will at this time; but those parents who
scout It utterly, regardless of the wist
ful eyes of the children in their homes.
are guilty of a sin against childhood
which carries Its own penalty, whether
this takes thft form, as In this instance,
of theft, or is nursed as a grievance that
throws a shadow In later years over
home and Its memories by which filial
affection Is darkened. Parental Irre
sponsibility has many types and phases.
This Is one of them. This lad has told
his simple story. Its moral Is plain.
ORIGIN OP MOROCCAN TROUBLE
The trouble In Morocco In its origin- Is
not unlike the trouble In China. The
young Sultan on his mother's death fell
under the influence and advice of an
Englishman, Walter B. Harris, corre
spondent of the London- Times In Mo
rbeco. and began to Europeanlze his
country. He wore English dress, ate
and rode with his English friends. He
photographed, bought an automobile,
reformed the prisons, deposed un
just Governors,- Increased taxes, en
larged his army, dragged the murderer
of a missionary from a sacred shrine
and had him shot to death for his
crime. His father, Muley Hassan, exe
cuted'the murderers of missionaries, but
he did it without outraging, the religious
prejudices of the people. Under Mos
lem law the life of an Infidel Is only
forfeit In war, but the violation or a
sacred shrine to secure a murderer of
fended, the religious prejudices of the
people, no matter whether the murderer
had killed a Moslem or a Christian.
France, Spain and England; are the Eu
ropean powers most concerned in a pos
sible overthrow of the Sultan of Mo
rocco. France would have absorbed
Morocco long ago had It not been for
the opposition of Great Britain and
Spain. England does not wish to have
France occupy the Moorish coast oppo
site Gibraltar, because a strong mili
tary and naval power in possession of
Ceuta could do much to neutralize the
British control of the entrance to the
Mediterranean and the Suez route,
while Spain regards Morocco as within
her natural "sphere of Influence."
Lord Salisbury, as far back as 1S91,
predicted that "Morocco would one day
be as great a menace to the peace of
Europe as the other Mohammedan coun
tries further to the east used to be
thirty years ago." Lord Salisbury's
views rest upon his knowledge that the
possession of Ceuta or Tangier by a
powerful hostile nation would nullify
the value of Gibraltar. Probably France
would be suffered to annex Morocco to
Algiers if she would put England In
possession of Ceuta" and Tangier or
agree that these ports should not be
Included within France's military
and naval line of occupation and de
fense. France could afford to make this
concession, for otherwise she cannot
hope to annex Morocco. England does
not want Morocco, but she does want
her control of the entrance to the Med
iterranean to remain completely In her
hands.
A retired lawyer tells in the New York
Sunday Sun the facts concerning the
life of slavery in Kansas. In 1857 there
were ajt least 500 slaves In Kansas, but
In 1861 there were not left a half dozen.
In 1857 the laws of Kansas not only
protected slavery, but by Its terms any
man caught with a newspaper,, book or
pamphlet antagonistic to the Institution
of slavery could on conviction be sent
to the Penitentiary for not less than two
years. The act rurther provided that no
man opposed to holding slaves should
sit as a juror. In the message of Presi
dent Buchanan for 1858 the President
says that "by virtue of the Constitution
of the United States Kansas Is as much
a slave state as South Carolina." One
of the early lawyers of Kansas, General
B. H. Strlngfellow, wrote a letter to an
Alabama planter saying: "Kansas now
has laws more efficient to-protect slave
property than any state In the Union."
A lawyer In Leavenworth. William A.
Phillips, afterwards Colonel of a Union
regiment, who had opposed the slavery
party at an election In Leavenworth,
was arrested and sent to Weston for
punishment. There his head was shaved
on one side, and he was mounted on a
rail, tarred and feathered and sold at
auction as a vagrant, and the auction
eer was a negro. The act was Indorsed
by a meeting subsequently held In
Leavenworth. In I860 this slave code
was repealed. Governor Medary, an
Ohio Democrat, vetoed the bill, and the
Legislature passed It over his veto. His
successor asked the Legislature to re
peal Its anti-slave law, but It refused
to do so. The change of sentiment In
the Legislature was due to the arrival
of a large Eastern population. Slavery
perished in Kansas rapidly when condi
tions began to foreshadow the Civil
War.
The one Item of Increased public ex
pense that should be met more cheer
fully than any other is that incident to
the Increase In the school population.
We cannot boast a growing city without
a growing school population, and we
cannot have the latter and maintain the
proud standing that we have acquired
as a city that Is attractive to the Home
building class without providing ample
school accommodations. The taxpayers
of this district have a right to expect,
and if necessary to demand, that econ
omy In school expenditures be studied
and exercised. There Is no reason to
suppose that this will not be done. The
School Board Js certainly giving close
and careful attention to the estimates of
expense for the coming school year. Its
members, one and all, have had experi
ence In these mattera They are, more
over, taxpayers as well as public-spirit
ed citizens, and it is reasonable to sup
pose that they will steer a careful
course between parsimony and extrava
gance In their estimates The duty is
an exacting one. Let not those who re
gard with pride and pleasure the
growth of the city In the past year pro
test against the result of this growth
which manifests Itself in the legitimate
demand for increased school accommo
dations. Reed Smoot. who Is renorted to be
certain of election to the United States
Senate by the Republicans of the Leg
islature of Utah, Is a Mormon apostle.
This profession of Mormon faith Is no
legal bar to his admission to the Senate,
as he Is not a polygamlst in practice, as
was Roberts, who was rejected by the
House of Representatives. Roberts had
three wives and confessed that he was
a polygamlst both In faith and practice.
Smoot Is not a polygamlst, and he may
believe any faith he cnooses so long as
his religious practice is not In violation
of the laws of the United States. Of
course, the United States Senate, as the
sole judge of the qualifications of Its
members, might reject Mr. Smoot, but It
could no more reject him on the ground
that he was a Mormon apostle than it
could on the ground that he was an ag
nostic or a Seventh-Day Adventlst or a
Unitarian. Our laws disqualify a man
for public office not upon the score of
his creed, but upon the score of his
practice, If that Is in violation of our
law. Under our law no man is molested
or civiiiy aisquaiinea Because he is a
Mormon In faith, but because he Is a
polygamlst In practice.
The assault upon Jay McCormlck, one
of the guards at the Penitentiary, by
Convict McMahan, one of the most des
perate criminals confined there, was an
exceedingly bold and vicious one. The
Incident proves, fortunately without
bloodshed or prison outbreak, the ne
cessity of constant vigilance In dealing
with reckless prisoners. ' Courage Is a
prime requisite in a prison guard, and
Jay McCormlck has proved that he pos
sesses this quality In full measure, but
prudence Is equally necessary, since It
may be able to forestall what courage
might not be able to overcome? In mortal
combat The prison management as
well as the guard Is to be congratulated
upon the fact that the onset of this des
perate criminal did not result In another
tragedy. -
The bubonic plague either does or
does not exist In San Francisco. It
should not be difficult to determine
which of these contentions Is true. If
the former, the quicker the North Pa
cific ports are quarantined against that
city the better; if the latter, apprehen
sion of contagion, so detrimental to the
business Interests of a shipping port.
should be relieved, by well-substantiated
declaration of that fact . Let the truth
be known and acted upon, to the end
that the menace of this most disgusting,
subtle and fatal of filth diseases may
not obtain a foothold among us through
carelessness.
California, having shut out the Chi
nese, feels the need of cheap,' reliable
labor to replace them. The Japanese
are not satisfactory, and were described
at a recent fruitgrowers' convention as
tricky and faithless In performance.
White men cannot endure the work of
grape-picking with the thermometer at
115 In the shade. All the books written
by English tourists on China agree In
describing the Chinese as superior to
the Japanese as reliable labor. Chinese
merchants and bankers are also de
scribed as superior in business integrity
to the Japanese.
Now our cane sugar Interests are try
ing to defeat the Cuban treaty, but
their campaign was begun too late. It
may catch a few of the vacillating Sen
ators, those who have no convictions or
who have political axes' that will be bet
ter ground In this manner, but It is
hardly conceivable that an issue so
manifestly narrow and so largely dis
counted In advance should get support
enough to Imperil the treaty with little
Cuba.
Are Portland- shipping and business
interests to sit still and see the improve
ment at the mouth of the Columbia fid
dled away between "Washington and the
Pacific Coast? Is this great work abso
lutely within the control of San Fran
cisco and Seattle? They would not
grieve if the Columbia were never im
proved. President Castro is accumulating a
large and variegated assortment of
troubles, but his greatest need seems to
be a bankruptcy court adequate to thp
distribution of bis meager aeets.
SPIRIT OF THE NORTHWEST PRESS
Why, What n Question!
Woodburn Independent.
To what extent Is the State of Oregon
Indebted to Dinger Hermann?
OrcRon Will Give an Ovation.
Pendleton Tribune.
If President Roosevelt and Captain
Clark visit this state together, many a
big ovation will they receive, and It will
be difficult to measure the share for each
one.
An Inspector, of Coarse.
Pendleton Tribune.
Already bills for mining Inspector, grain
Inspector, hop inspector, and fish" Inspector
are proposed. Why shouldn't we have
an Immigrant Inspector, a road inspector,
an egg Inspector, etc., and, by all means,
a bill Inspector.
Have Money to Iny for It.
Albany Herald.
It seems reasonable to assume that the
coming Legislature will make one of the
largest appropriations ever placed upon
the people of this state. There Is one
satisfaction, however, and that Is the peo
ple were never before more able to stand
It than now.
Democrats Can't Spend Money.
Boise News.
The Republican campaigners were right,
and we must admit the inability of the
Democrats to handle properly the' state's
affairs. Think of actunlly turning over
$1,000,000 to their successors! How the
real politicians of the state must despise
these ofllclals who saved the money of
the taxpayers like a set of grangers.
Editor See a Vision.
Woodburn Independent.
It is not expected by knowing ones thit"
the Lewis and Clark 5500.000 appropriation
bill will pass the Legislature until toward
the close of the session. If then. Country
members of the Legislature are just find
ing out that It Is a good thing to have on
the carpet In order to compel the Multno
mah delegation to vote for taxing cor
porations and franchises, and several
other -little measures of a remedial na
ture. Great will be the swapping exhi
bition! The ruralitcs-will on this occasion
not hall from six miles the other side of
nowhere, but from Juggleville.
Idaho Will De Seen at the Fair.
Grangevllle, Idaho, News.
O.L. O. L. Miller, one of the members
of the board of directors of the Lewl3
and Clark Exposition, is In Idaho for the
purpose of interesting the Governor, as
well as the members of both houses of
the Legislature, In a state appropriation
for the purpose of participation in the
1505 Exposition by the State of Idaho. Mr.
Miller is now working with the object In
view of getting Governor Morrison to
recommend such an appropriation In his
message. Once the appropriation is
mado there Is no doubt but that the state
would make a creditable exhibit, and it
is very Imperative that this be done, for
every other state In the Northwest will
be represented, and Idaho can not afford
to lose this opportunity or advertising ner
wonderful resources also. e feel sure
that the Senators and Representatives
who favor the appropriation will only be
echoing the sentiment or tneir constuu
ents.
Taxpayers Favor Appropriation
Forest Grove Times.
There seems to be a growing disposition
on the part of the taxpayers of this vicin
ity to favor a very liberal appropriation
for the Portland Exposition, even to giv
ing the full $500,000 asked for by the pro
moters, if the Legislature concludes that
that amount can bo used to advantage In
making the. fair such a success as to
bring exhibitors and sightseers from the
far East and from foreign countries.
There Is no doubt but that this commu
nity will be specially benefited. The In
creased demand for lumber, fruits, vege
tables, poultry, butter, milk and livestock
that will be created by having the Expo
sition at Portland will be best supplied
from near-by points such as ours, and will
pay us many times over for the amount
of the tax. While the Legislature should
not be extravagant, and should guard
carefully all expenditures that nothing be
squandered foolishly, yet liberal treat
ment for the fair will be approved, by the
people here.
Idaho Political Epoch.
Lewiston Tribune.
Yesterday marked an epoch in the po
litical history of Idaho, when the Demo
crats turned over the government of the
state to their political opponents after six
years of possession so complete that it
did not seem possible, any combination of
ordinary events could defeat them. And
they were not defeated through ordinary
events, but through a series of monu
mental blunders and lapses that chal
lenge any parallel In modern political de
velopments. They had rendered to the
state brilliant and Inestimable services
that evoked admiration and pride from
all the Nation, yet in one of those trances
that absolutely defy human analysis all
this was set aside, repudiated and de
nounced In terms and manner that left
no doubt as to. what the alternative was
to be. So at the appointed time they were
called upon to deliver back the talents
that had been entrusted to them and yes
terday the transferral took place. It
cln.5s a condition that we all may well
hope will remain closed for all time. But
the Democratic party and .Democratic
principle are as necessary and as strong
today as ever, and will again come into
their own because this is a Democratic
country and a Democratic people.
Caught In Their Own Trap.
Johnstown. Pa., Democrat.
Happily the coal famine, superinduced
by a trust-breeding tariff, and made pos
slble by Industrial conditions developea
through special privilege. Is working Its
bitterest effects- among those who have
the most loyally stood by the policies un
aer which and by reason of which the
dearth has come. At Philadelphia even
soft coal 13 selling at $9 per ton. In Bos
ton and throughout New England the
fuel situation Is desperate. Actual suf
faring Is reported, and worse conditions
must come. It is the irony of fate that
the first and worst victims of the fuel
famine are the most strenuous and tho
least rational advocates of tho existing
economic system.
Plenty of Anthracite in China.
Indianapolis News.
And now it Ms stated that China has
anthracite coal fields that are Immensely
greater than those of Pennsylvania. It Is
hardly possible to see anything nowadays
without finding out pretty soon that China
saw It first. It seems as ir about the
only things of which China is shy are an
appreciation of its own resources, and an
ability to make use or tnem. However,
It may be just as well, as these things
would undoubtedly interfere with some
very desirable spheres of Influence, which
will eventually, no doubt transmute the
natural wealth of the country Into the
coin of the various realms represented.
The Same Old combine.
New York Commercial Advertiser.
It Is quite plainly revealed now that
the beet sugar combine, or "boxer" move
ment, which prevented Cuban reciprocity
at the last session Is again formed and
at work in the Senate. Oxnard has the
whole gang In line Burrows, Elklns and
Scott In the front and business has been
renewed on the old lines. All these pa
trlots talked In favor of reciprocity when
Congress first came together.
Converting the Heathen.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Massachusetts not only solaces the far
away heathen with rum, but Just now she
Is shipping" him Immense quantities of
cheap Jewelry. In other words, the old
Bay State can be highly recommended as
both an interior and exterior decorator.
FARMING ON THE RA.IE.
New York Sun.
People Insist upon crowding Into this
town and there Is no way of keeping them
out. Manhattan is an Insular possession
of the" country and all its hours are rush
hours. On account of the foolish Impene
trability of matter, a large number of per
sons are forced to live In New Jersey,
Long Island and other way stations of
Manhattan. These Innumerable tribes of
commuters all have agricultural aspira
tions, patent or latent. Land 13 stupidly
dear and not every commuter can have a
garden, a cow or even a goat. But every
commuter owes It to his dignity to culti
vate dreams of cultivating the soil. He
may never be able to speed the plough, but
perhaps his wife will keep chickens some
time, bone of contention among neighbors
though chickens are. A dwarf pear tree.
a rubber plant a patch of cucumbers Na
ture Is generous and the commuter Is a
favored being. But he must be prepared
to enjoy his blessings. As an urban sub
urbanite, his main means of studying
agriculture Is the observation of the land
from tha car window. The knowledge
so obtained Is valuable, doubtless, but it
Is necessarily superficial. How shall agri
culture bo brought home to the business
and bosom?
The bulletins of the Department of Agri
culture offer a wido range of miscellany,
but they are often too scientific for the
novice. Thero are no night scnoois ior
farmera we believe. How shall the com
muter perfect himself In practical farm-
Inp? Thft country Is full or agricultural
ovnorimpnt stations, schools of agriculture
and so on. worthy Institutions, which give
considerable employment to printers, dui
are mostly useless io me tummuuub
Hodge. Only in Missouri shines one beam
of hone for him. The agricultural depart
ment of the University or Missouri, Dy
kind permission and co-operation or tne
"Mlssiourl Pacific Railroad, is to run an ex.
hibition and demonstration car. Professor
IT. J. Waters, of the university, sketcnes
the nlan of campaign:
The Board of Agriculture will make this ex
hibition car a prominent feature In all tne
institute work in the state, and make it still
more effective by specialising. Thus. If the
meetlncs are to be held in a section of the
state where the. livestock Industry is a promt
nent feature, we will take from the college
representative specimens of Improved breeds.
particularly in those sections of the state where
the stock have not been Improved as they
should be. and hold a stock-Judglnrp school. In
this case an exhibit of the different foodstuffs
and forase jplanta that are adapted to the
uses of the stockmen of that portion of the
state will be mado and special emphasis laid
on the selection, breeding, feeding and man
aRement of livestock. In those sections of the
state where dairying dominates, the car will
be equipped along this line and be virtually
traveling dairy school. In the horticultural
sections of the state the car will be caulpped
by the horticultural department with spray
pumps, spray material, various fruits, different
kinds of trees and plants, so as to give prac
tical demonstrations In the modern methods of
controlling the Insect pests and fungous dls
eases, and in the planting and pruning of
orchards.
An ordinary passenger car will serve for
the present. One-third of the seats will
be taken out and a speaker's stand built.
A meeting can be held in the car. Adapted
to "tne use of commuters and run every
day but Sunday, such a car would be
boon. It might take the place of the
smoklnsr-ca'r or be used as the smoking
car. Card playing is already forbidden on
some roads on account of the squabbles
It has caused and should be prohibited by
all roads on account of the abominable ab
breviated bumble-puppy which it produces.
Coach the commuter in agriculture and
horticulture. Let him learn by demonstra
tlon how to quell a vicious bull by look
lng him In the eye, how to plant potatoes,
how to "break" "setting" hens, now to
know "plzen" Ivy, dogberries and murder
ous mushrooms, how to feed the hens,
milk the cows, mow without running the
scythe into the ground the whole com
pass of bucolic science. This Is the way
to rescuo our commuters from despond
ency, restore to them their rural ldeais
and set them to tickling the earth. The
earth may be none the better for their
efforts, but their lives will he much the
better.
"Well-Equipped Minister Doiren,
Boston Herald.
Our Minister Bowen. at Venezuela ap
pears to be well equipped for tho emer
gency. Ho has been In the consular and
diplomatic service for 12 years, and is a
son of the late Henry C. Bowen, of the
New York Independent He was trans
ferred to his present post from Spain,
where, as Consul at Barcelona, he got a
good Insight Into Spanish character. Be
sides being a diplomat, he Is a poet a
fighter and a linguist, speaking French,
Italian and Spanish, besides his native
English. Born in New York, he was edu
cated in Germany, Italy and France he
fore entering Yale and the law school of
Columbia University. "When he was a
student at Yale he had a little difficulty
with a tutor on matters not affecting his
scholarship, and he was graduated some
what prematurely; but quite likely both
the tutor and Yale have forgiven him be
fore this, now that ho has achieved an
honorable distinction In the public serv
ice, besides writing a book on Internation
al law, which is rated of standard qual
ity.
Yankee Millionaires' London Club.
New York American.
The American Millionaires' Club, re
named the Calumet, has taken a house at
84 Piccadilly street and intends adding
two additional mansions In Clariges
street The membership Is 600, the initia
tion fee, being $150, and the annual dues
$50.
The club intends to duplicate New
York's famous organization of the same
name. Dispatches have been sent to New
York for the ablest steward, chef and
cocktail-maker that can be had for the
money.
Several English lords have been ap
pointed to the board of directors to give
an aristocratic flavor, 'but tho club de
pends for Its support on American mil
Honalres visiting London during the Sum
raer and having a predilection for cards.
The English members of the club are tak
en in free, but all Americans are expected
to pay.
A Connecticut Mayor's Misfortune.
New York "World.
Mayor G. A. Reutter. of "Winsted, Conn.,
whose left eye has been blind for several
years, and who kept It a secret from his
relatives and friends up to a few weck3
ago, when a specialist advised him to have
the eve removed for fear he would lose
the sight of the other, returned last week
from a sanitarium, where he underwent
a successful oDeratlon. An examination
of the eveball revealed a piece of steel
about a sixteenth of an Inch long, which
Mayor Reutter believes got Into his eye
about 10 years ago, wnen ne was em
ployed as a mechanic In one of the local
shops. The steel cose .neuner iwv in uoc
tors' bills, besides an eye.
The Smallest British Coin.
London Mall.
A new issue has just been made at
Malta with King Edward's profile
stamped upon It, of the little Maltese
"grain," a tiny coin worth only one
twelfth of. a penny. It is probably the
smnllest British coin, and circulates large
ly among the poorer classes of the Malt
ese.
Enterprising traders have bought up
larco ouantltles of the Issue, and the
coins are being retailed from house to
house at 10 a penny.
Carrying n Fair-Sized Load.
Louisville Times.
The ncople will be Just a bit leery In ex
pressing their enthusiastic admiration for
tne generosity of the Standard Oil Com
pany In pensioning Its old employes until
thev larn Just how much more they will
Le required to pay for oil. At present
the cost of maintaining tha "University of
Chicago li about as .much of a strain as
the average consumer can. stand.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
"Wading In slush editing churches.
Today's temptation is tomorrow's ex
use. Food for reflection pie for breakfast
Tho girl with coal black eyes has an-
thra-slghc
The penalty for murder In California Is
hanging the jury. s
The painters seem anxious to have a
brush with their bosses.
rV library and eke a university may
cover a multitude of sins.
The man with his hand out Is not
necessarily in his palmy days.
His Honor among thieves Judge Hogue
on the bench of the Police Court.
Humor is the exquisite faculty of laugh
ing at your neighbor's mistakes.
The man who Is unable to foot his bills
usually has a lame excuse to give.
A woman may cheat a man out of hla
eye-teeth and yet be most divinely fair.
The man who carries a chip on his
shoulder bears the sign of a blockhead.
A ton may now be termed a commercial
abbreviation; at least when applied to
coal.
"Why In the name of heaven doe3 a
breezy girl always take the wind out of
a mm's sails?
Nowadays when a man tells his friends
that ho Is doing a land office, business, he
is looked upon with suspicion.
It Is too bad that some men with
plenty of money do not get any credit at
the hands of their fellow-cltlzens.
The Pittsburg Dispatch calls Marconi
"the wireless wizard." Thus alliterative
beauty lends enchantment to hard facts.
The China Mall says America may be
describects a land flowing with Ink. and
money. This Is a new kind of mint Julep.
It Is understood that tho binder has
been Installed on the Seventh-street pave
ment. People are wondering how much
of a harvest tho contractors expect.
In refusing to grant a summons against a
schoolmaster for caning a boy, a Magistrate
remarked that, in his opinion, caning was an
excellent thing. Pamper a boy and It checks
his development. Cane him, and It makes him
soar. China Mail.
"Who says an Englishman can't see a
Joke?
Bret Harte's estate Is valued at less
than $2000. "When he read this Mr. Car
negie patted his pocket, reread his last
letter from the .King and telephoned or
ders to establish another library. Mr.
Rockefeller .Is reported to have said,
"Poor fellow!"
A nlghtwatchman In tho Borough Hall,
Brooklyn, was bounced by the superin
tendent because he wrote a passionate
love-letter to a scrubwoman. The let
ter stated the woman's mop was a scep
ter and her pall a vessel of incense. But
this wouldn't wash with the stony-hearted
official.
A story, and an ancient one, too, comes
of a young man who one Sunday preached
his first sermon at a small miasion-jchapel-
at a village not far out of London. He
was anxious to acquit himself well, but as
soon as ever he mounted the pulpit steps
he found his knees shaking, his heart
quakimr. and his tongue stuck up in the
top of his mouth. At length he found
voice. "My text," he said, "will be, 'And
the cock wept, and Peter .went out and
crew bitterly.' "
An Irish priest, discoursing one Sunday
on the miracle of the loaves and fishes,
said In error that five people had been fed
with EC0O loaves and two small fishes.
It having come to the priest's knowledge
that his mistake had given rise to a.large
amount of controversy (one Murphy
particularly declared he could do such a
miracle hlmsef). he (the priest) decided
to rectify the mistake. Next Sunday, on
concluding his sermon, he said: "I
should have told you last Sunday that 5000
people had been fed with five loaves and
two small fishes." Looking down and
espying Mr. Murphy, he said: "You could
not do that, Mr. Murphy, could you?"
"Ah, sure, yer rlv'rence, I could alslly,"
he replied. "How would you do It, Jir.
Murphy?" """Why, I'd give 'em what was
left over from last Sunday," answered
Murphy.
On a recent visit of Inspection a Gov
ernment inspector of schools, while In the
town of P asked a number of questions
of the pupils about the little things of
the world around them, says the Kobe
Chronicle. "How many seed compart
ments are there In an apple?" he asked,
and "On which Jaw has the cow her
teeth?" with several similar questions, to
which the puprls could. It need hardly be
said, make .po reply. The next day one of
the teachers was amused to overhear the
following conversation among the pupils
In the playground. A little girl had got
some of her companions about her, and
said gravely: "No. children, let us play
at school inspection. I am the Inspector.
You've got to know more about common
things; If you don't you will all grow up
to ba stupid. Now, tell me," she- said,
looking sternly at a playmate, "how
many feathers has a hen?"
The Specter at Delhi.
Buffalo Times.
Dispatches from Delhi read more like
a scene from the "Arabian Nights" than
one of sober 20th century happening. It
was a great day In tho history of the
British occupation of India, but behind
the glittering pageant might have been
seen the dread skeleton of famine, and
beneath the tramp of marching feet might
have been heard the muffled rage of a
mighty nation, which, now bowed in ser
vitude to the foreign lords whom, osten
sibly, they delight to love and serve, will
some day seize the opportunity to repeat
the horrid scenes of 1S57.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
Kind Old Gentleman Little boy, do you
smoke cigarettes? Little Boy No, sir; but I
kin give yer a chew. Detroit Free Press.
Hairdresser Hair begins to get very thin,
sir. Customer Tes. Hairdresser Have you
tried our tonic lotion? Customer Yes. That
didn't do it. though. Punch.
"There goes a man who has done a wonderful
service for the uplifting of humanity." "Mis
sionary or philanthropist?" "Neither. He
makes elevators." Baltimore News.
Father This is going to hurt me more than
you, my son.. Bon Hold on, popl Please re
member that I'm the consumer In this case,
and you're the striker and operator. Puck.
DeAuber This Is a little sketch that L dashed
off hurriedly Just to keep the wolf from the
door. Critlclus Well. If that doesn't frighten
the life out of the wolf, I miss my guess.
Chicago Dally News.
Bacon-iA dog that runs under a carriage la
called a carriage dog, is It not? Egbert
Certainly. "Well, what would you call a dog
that runs under an automobile?" "Why, a
dead dogt" Yonkers Statesman.