VOL. XLIL 2sT0. 13,121. .
PORTLAOT), OREGON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER '31; 1902.
PRJCE . FIYE CENTS.
ROTHCHILD
SOLE AGENTS.
PORTLAND,
MORE CAMERA BARGAINS
TO CLOSE OUT BEFORE WE MOVE
We sjre offering bargains in all the best lines
PREMQ, POCO, CENTURY, IMPERIAL.
Double Extension Compact Montauk Camera 4x5, reg. $32, close $16.50
Double Extension Compact Montauk Camera 5x7, reg. $42, close $24.00
Poco C. Camera 4x5, regular $15.00 .. $7.50
Blumauer-Frank Drug' Co. bSSSS? dS.u
IMF!
Assets $331, 039,720.34 Surplus $71,129, 042.06
-STRONG EST IN THE WORLD."
L. Samuel, Manager, 306 Oregonian Build Ing. Portland, Oregon
DR.
MEAT and MALT
1 T Aakes JL f JLuscle
"There's Life and Strength In Every Drop",
A BEVERAGE OR A MEDICINE
Tot gle. by All Drurtlsta.
BLUJHAUER &H0CH, Sole Distributers, Wholesale Liquor and Cigar Dealers
rXIXi METSCHAJT, Pre.
SEVEKTH AHD WASHIROTOH STREETS, PORTLAND, OREIOB
CHANGE 07 MANAGEMENT.
European Plan:
THE PORTLAND
PORTLAND,
American Plan
COST ONE MILLION DOLLARS.
KF1DQUARTERS FOR TOURISTS
Special rates made to families
Kient will be pleased at all times to
era Turkish bath establishment la the
On January 1st,
On account of increased manufacturer's cost and in
crease in freight rates
be advanced to
S2TS.OO
Sole Agent far Oregon.
"Washington. Idaho.
M. B. WELLS
WAR IN TINPLATE TRADE
Independent , Manufacturers " "Will
Meet Steel Trust' Reduction.
PITTSBURG. Dec. 30. The Association
of Independent Tlnplate and Sheet Steel
Manufacturers held a meeting at the Ho-
tel Lincoln today to discuss the lower !
prices that have been put In force by J
the companies of the United States Steel
Corporation, and to take measures for '
meeting the competition In the trade. The
meeting was attended by representatives
of seven of the Individual companies.
The officials of the association, after
adjournment, stated that the -prices made
by the lUnited States Steel Corporation
would be met The list that -will be
adopted by the Independents Includes a
cut of 45 a ton on sheets and a cut of
from H to J3 GO a bos on tin.
Snpar Crop at Santiago.
"WASHINGTON. Dec 20. Estimates of
the sugar crop In Santiago de Cuba trans
mitted to the State Department by Consul
Holaday. at that city, place the crop for
1303 at 453,000 bags, an Increase of 72,215
bags over that of the year now closing.
The oldest AMERI
CAN WHISKY and
the most popular
amongst connoisseurs.
BROTHERS
OREGON
ill Li
FOWLER'S
O. W. KJfOTVXES, Xflrxv
$l;00i $1.50, $2.00 per Day
...XH E ...
NEW YEAR
And a New Carpet are sure
to form a very happy and
harmonious combination : :
EXCLUSIVE CARPET HOUSE
J. 0. Mack & Co.
S0-8S THIRD STREET,
Opposite Chamber of Commerce.
OREGON
$3.00 Per Day
and upward.
AXO COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS
and single gentlemen. The manage
show rooms and give prlcss. A mod
hotel. H. C. BOWERS, Mgr.
1903,
the price of the PIANOLA will
353-355 WASHINGTON ST..
PORTLAND, OR.
ADrftCKS GAINS A VOTE.
Xciv Legislative Election to Decide
Tie Is Favorable .to Him.
DOVER, Del., Dec. 30. J. Edward Ad
dicks won another Assemblyman In
special election In Kent County, called by
Governor Hunt to vote off a tie in the
November election between James Powell,
Union Republican, and Solomon Sapp,
Democrat. Where the men were, tied
before at 424, today's election resulted In
Sapp's receiving only 304 votes, while
Powell .jumped to 49G, giving the latter a
plurality of 192.
Addlcks will have 22 votes on joint bal
lot for United States Senator to start with.
Twenty-seven votes' are necessary to
"choice.
Bann.net to Marconi.
HALIFAX, -N. S.. Dec 30. The citizens
of Sydney tonight gave a monster banquet
at the Sydney Hotel to Mr. Marconi. . The
inventor, In responding to the toast to his
health, said that the public need not be
surprised In the future If wireless mes-
j sages werd flashed across the Atlantic for
1 cent a word.
W HE MING ON
Hermann's Plea to Sec
retary Hitchcock.
HE HAS A SENATORIAL BEE
Feared Removal From Office
Would Still Its Buzz.
HAS PROVED HIS UNFITNESS
Neither He Nor His ' Special Agents
Could. See Obvious Fraud In
Land Office Ample Proof of
Mismanagement, if Desired.
General Land Commissioner Hermann
has staved off his removal from o'fflce
by pleading that it would Injure His
chances In the .Senatorial fight In Ore
son. But for this plea he would have
been removed long ago.
He could not see the evidence of fraud
in land entries which was obvious to
the Secretary, and hla special agents
were no better, and will soon follow him
Into retirement.
Mr. Hermann Is not expected to de
mand an Investigation, but if he should
.Mr. Hitchcock has the evidence.
The Western Senators who havestood
by him have turned against him, al
though' they have hitherto been hostile
to the Secretary.
His assistant. Governor Richards, of
"Wyoming, having been selected to suc
ceed him, John F. Fimple, of Ohio, will
succeed Mr. Richards.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington, Dec. 30. It was stated at the "In
terior Department today that, if it had not
Been for the reiterated pleas of Commis
sioner Hermann, he would have been sum
marily removed from, .the J3eneqU Land
Office some lime 'ago. In' fact." Hermann
seems to have played the baby act with
the Secretary to the extent of holding1 on
as jong as be has, and when he finally did
agree to resign he got the date fixed for
February 1, and also secured a promise
that nothing should be said about it. be
cause of the effect it would have upon the
Senatorial election in Oregon. In fact, his
whole claim for retention for the past few
months and up to the 1st of February
was because he thought that he could be
elected Senator, and that, if it should ap
pear that he had to leave the Land Office
before the election occurred, it would in
jure Ids chances.
The Secretary of the Interior had no
great love for Hermann, and was anx
ious to get rid of him on almost any
terms. But he did not wish to injure his
political chances by insisting upon his be
ing removed in the face of Hermann's
persistent request to be retained for p'o
litlcal reasons. A large part of the busi
ness of the Land Offico wag taken away
from Hermann and given to ex-Governor
Richards, who is to be his successor, but
tho' Secretary of the Interior felt that he
was handicapped in the management of
Land Office affairs as long as Hermann
remained in. office.
Could Net Find Fraud.
The Commissioner seemed to lack the
executive ability to grasp the questions
which have lately' arisen with respect to
lands' and fraudulent entries, and his spe
cial agents did not meet the requirements
or .mo becretary of the Interior. Even
when these matters were discussed be
tween inem, me commissioner did not
seem to grasp the importance of the work
in hand. It io generally believed that
number of Hermann's appointees In the
special agents' and inspectors' forces of
the General Land Office will soon be re
Hevcd, particularly those men whoso In
efficiency has been brought to the atten
tion of the Secretary. There Is consider
able displeasure, first at their failure to
discover the widespread frauds In Oregon,
and secondly at being unable to fastan
the guilt upon any .of the fraudulent en
trymen, now that the facts are coming to
light. These special agents have repeat
edly reported that they are unable to find
any frauds In Oregon, and are therefore
'regarded as incompetent or lacking in dili
gence, t
Will Not Conrt Inquiry.
It was stated at the department today
that It Is not likely that Mr. Hermann will
ai'it for a full and explicit statement of
the reasons for the change L-v the Land
Office. The records of the mismanagement
of the office are with the Secretary of the
Interior, and it Is not believed that Her
mann would care to have all the charges
and complaints and facts made public.
For a long time Hermann .has made It
appear that It was necessary for him to
remain as Commissioner of the Land
Office In order to look after Western In
terests, and, as Secretary Hitchcock was
unpopular with a number of Senators and
Representatives from the West, Hormann
was the only man with whom they could
deal on land matters. To some extent
this was true, but conditions have greatly
changed, and the President has been in
formed by some Senators that they would
never go into the Land Office again as
long as" Hermann was there. Other Sena
tors and Representatives have also made
complaint abput Hermann's conduct of the
office, some of the complaints being that
the Commissioner was more liberal in
making promises than. executing them.
TO SUCCEED RICHARDS. ,
John F. Fimple, of Ohio.. Will lie As-
f sistant Land Commissioner.
t WASHINGTON. Dec. 30. John F. Flm-
J me, of Carrollton, O., has been selected
as Assistant Commissioner of the Land
Office .to succeed ex-Governor W. A. Rich
ards, who has been selected to succeed
Blnger Hermann, of Oregon, as Commis
sioner. Both Mr. Richards and Mr. Fim
ple were slated for these offices by the
late President McKlnley.
Mr. Fimple was law clerk of the Gen
eral Land Office for four years,, was As
sistant Attorney-General for two" years
under Attorney-General "Vandevanter, of
the Interior Department, and resigned two
years ago to resume his law practice. He
Is 40 years of age.
APPEAL FROM ASTORIA.
Wants Slioal in Columliia- Removed
and Yonng's Ray Deepened.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington, Dec. 30. Senator Mitchell today
received a communication from the As
toria Chamber of Commerce, calling at
tention to the importance of removing a
sh6al which, it is said, has formed In the
channel to Astoria west of Smith's Point
and south of the Middle Sands; also of
deepening Young's Bay Irom the Colum
bia channel to th?. mouth of Cook'3
Slough, so that larger vessels can avail
themselves of that harbor
Mr. Mitchell will endeavor to secure at
least the removal of the shoal out of the
existing appropriations, also the deepen
ing of Young's Bay, if possible. He will
communicate at once with the depart
ment. He is doubtful, however, about be
ing able to do anything toward deepen-
Young's Bay until another appropriation is
made, and, as there will be no river and
harbor bill this session, it is very probable
that matter will have to go over.
BOTH MAKE DENIALS.
Land Ofllce Employes An sixer
Charges Made by HItehcock.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 Harry King,
chief, and Fred P. Metzger, assistant
chief of the draughtsmen division of the
General Land Office, today submitted
their answers, denying the charges
against them of conduct detrimental to
Government Interests. The answers are
separate, and the specific charges are de
nied in deta.il, though some of tho state
ments of act are admitted, with the con
tention that there was no Infraction of
law or regulations.
WHO WERE IN THE DEAL?
1 ?
Liquor Taken From St. Thomas to
San Juan for Officers.
SAN JUAN, P. R., Dec. 30. At today's
hearing of the smuggling cases before
United States Commissioner Anderson,
the case against Supervisor of Elections(
Benjamin Butler was taKen up. it devel
oped during the hearing that about 100
cases of liquors had been brought from
St. Thomas to San Juan on the United
States steamer Uricas in November, 1901.
Some . of these boxes bore the names of
Captain Yates Stirling, the Commandant
of the naval station' here: Benjamin But
ler. Dr."eharteVHrT.r ixwiid'es?, U. &
Quartermaster Captain Joseph T. Crabbs,
and Paymaster William A. Merrltt, U. S.
N. Others were marked for the Country
Club, while others were mailed for the,
canteen.
An employe of tho naval station testl-.
fied that he stored these goods according
to the bills of the St Thomas "merchants
which were given him and that they were
sent out the next day on the Army
wagons.
Address to Dr. Lorenz.
NEW YORK, Dec. 30. Professor Adolph
Lorenz was today presented with" the
resolutions recently passed by. the Board
of Aldermen extolling the work he had
done in this city, particularly for the
poor. After a luncheon at the Hard
ware Club, the surgeon was escorted to
the. City Hall, where Alderman Walkley
delivered an address and Alderman Sulli
van presented the album containing the
engrossed address. Professor Lorenz re
plied thanking the Aldermen and express
ing his pleasure at the reception tendered
him in the United States.
" Buffalo for Yellowstone Park.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. The Govern
ment has purchased four more buffalo
from a private herd In Idaha for stocking
the Yellowstone National Park. The herd
in the park now numbers about 45.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,
WHO HAS RESIGNED
1.
E IS DOOM
Siiitan's Troops Aban
don Fortresses.
BUT HE IS FULL OF FIGHT
Tells His People He Will De
fend Capital Till Death.
CAUSE OF THE REBELLION
Rebels Object to Modern Ideas In
jected by British Inflncnce Eijtlit
American Missionaries in Peril
No Fear of Intervention.
The Sultan of Morocco Is In Imminent
danger of being besieged In Fez, his
capital, but says he will die to defend It. "
The rebels are trying to win over the
tribes near the capital.
The Sultan's troops have abandoned a
fort near the city.
Eight American missionaries are in
Morocco, In danger of massacre by the
fanatics.
The Sultan's adherents hope for Brit
ish Intervention, blaming Britain for
bringing Christians to the Moorish
court, but it is not likely that any
power will Intervene.
.MADRID, Dec. 30. Telegrams received
here frcm Tangier say that the Sultan's
troops have abandoned the fortress of
Razeroe, close to Fez. The pretender is
negotiating with the tribes" In the imme
diate vicinity of Fez to assist his ad
vancement. The Spanish Minister at Tangier re
ports the situation to be serious, but not
desperate.
The Cabinet met in Madrid at a late
i3wur- tonlgut.- After the-meeting Foreign
Minister AbarusJza expressed' a more hope-:
ful view of the Moroccan situation. He
said he thought it not likely that the
rebels would capture Fez. Premier Sll
vela confirmed the belief that no compli
cations would ensue through the action of
other, powers.
SULTAN WILL DIE HARD.
But His Subjects Pray for Interven
tion of Brltnin.
LONDON. Dec. 30. The Tangier corre
spondent of the Times says that the rem
nants of the routed imperial army re
turned to Fez in a deplorable condition.
The Sultan has told a deputation of Fez
Moors that he is prepared to die In de
fense of the town.
The Moors are confident, continues the
correspondent, after what passed between
Menehl, who visited London last year as
Moorish Ambassador, and Foreign Secre
tary Lansdowne, that in case qf neces
sity Great Britain, cannot refuse to give
the Sultan armed assistance. It is impos
sible to disabuse them of this idea, as
they lay the entire responsibility for the
present rebellion at Great Britain's doors
for fostering European ideas and intro
ducing Christians into the Moorish court.
MISSIONARIES IN PERIL.
Eight Americans May Be Massacred
by Fanatical Rebels.
KANSAS CITY. Dec. 30. Eight mis
sionaries who are working in Morocco
under the direction of the Gospel Mis
sionary Union, whose headquarters are in
Kansas City, are believed to be In peril.
At Fez are stationed George C. Reed, of
Kansas City, formerly of Nebraska, sec
retary of the Morocco mission; Mr. and
Mrs. Willevir, of Minneapolis; Maude
Carey, of Emporia, Kan.; Irene Ward, of
Avoca, la., and Nelson Alson, of Alabama.
Another party, now at Mesqulnez, is com
posed of F. C. Enyart, of Kansas City,
and Victor Swanson, of Nebraska. This
town Is 40 miles west of Fez.
A letter from Mr. Reed, at Fez, dated
December 4, to George S. Fisher, presi
dent of the union, has just been received.
Mr. Reed writes:
"Word to hand Indicates that the Sultan
.s returning to Fez from Mesquinez in
stead of going to Rabst. The fight last
Sunday, east of here was a serious reverse
for the government, and estimates of loss
are very high, some putting it at 500 on
the army side probably onp-half to two
thirds of that number."
Mr. Fisher believes the Christian mis
sionaries would be slain if captured by
the fanatical rebels. ,
' , WATER SUPPLY CUT OFF.
Capital of Morocco in Bad Pliant to
Stand Slesre.
MADRID, Dec. 30. A dispatch from
Tangier, Morocco, today announced that
the rebels had cut the aqueduct which
supplied Fez with water, and added that
the place was practically without water.
It Is further asserted that unless the
Kabyle tribesmen from the south came
to the succor of Fez the place must sur
render within three days.
It is reported that the Sultan has been
foiled in an attempt to break out of Fez.
Great Britain and France have notified
Spain that they have no Intention of tak
ing any advantage" of the situation in Mo
rocco, and that they desire the mainten
ance of the status quo, even In the event
of the Sultan being dethroned and his
place taken by the pretender. The com
munications have reassured the Spanish
government, which is thus relieved of
fears of international complications.
The hostility against the Sultan Is
spreading in Fez. The Moors are exhib
iting photographs of him arrayed in ri
diculous garb. The Sultan yesterday as
sembled the nobles of the besieged town
at the palace and exhorted them not to
despair, assuring the conference that im
perial troops ultimately will triumph.
ITALY NOT INTERESTED.
Debarred From Interfering? by Her
Agreement With France.
ROME, Dec. 30. It is .said that Italy la
not making any warlike preparations in
connection,with the situation in Morocco
Frdm an- authoritative feource the Asso
ciated Press has received the following:.
"Italy not' being Interested In the Mo
roccan question, will limit herself to vigi
lantly watching events."
Under the Franco-Italian agreement In
regard to the Mediterranean, in wJiich
Italy undertakes .to respect French aspi
rations in 3Iorocco in return for-an analo
gous French undertaking regarding Trip
oil, Italy has no direct interest in the
Morocco situation.
It also can be said that Italy has no
intention of occupying Tripoli unless
obliged to do so In order to prevent other
powers from settling there.
Foreigners Flee to the Const.
TANGIER, Dec. 30. Foreigners in the
interior of Morocco have been advised to
make for the coast, as provisions are
scarce and communications are almost
closed. The pretender himself 13 reported
to be 20 miles from Fez.
Decline in Value of Silver.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. The quarterly
report of the value of foreign coins issued
by the Director of the Mint, shows that for
the three months ending January 1, 1C03,
there had been a decrease of .03126 In. the
value of silver per fine ounce.
CONTENTS OF TODAY'S PAPER.
National Affairs.
How Hermann Induced Hitchcock to let him
stay In ofllce. Page 1.
Successor to Assistant Land Commissioner
Richards. Page 1.
Naval maneuvers in Caribbean Sea a great suc
cess. Page 3.
Domestic.
No more warships will go to Bremerton 'navy
yard until tenderloin Is abolished. Page 1.
Warship Oregon badly damaged by a storm.
Page .3.
How to reform the currency of the Philippines.
Page 5.
Commerce Commissioner Knapp discusses the
trusts. Page 4.
Negotiations to end strike on Union Pacific
road. Page 2.
"VVanstead wreck due to employment of boy op
erator. Page 3.
Foreign.
Crown Prince of Saxony cannot get divorce:
his father made ill by the scandiil: the
Princess says 8he only loves GIron. Page 2.
Chinese rebels threaten to march on Pekln.
Page 3.
Sultan of Morocco expects siege In his capital;
' his subjects call for British aid. Page 1.
Castro Inflicts defeats on Venezuelan rebels.
Page 2.
Pacific Const.
Witness at Tingley trial says candidates are
initiated on Holy Hill robed in cheesecloth.
Page 4.
Marlon County delegation falls to agree on
Speakership candidate. Page 4.
Bill before Congress proposes to appropriate
$20,000,000 for good roads. Page 4.
Commercial and 31nrlne.
Lull ' In Jobbing trade between the holidays.
Page 13. ,
Wheat quiet and lower at Chicago. Page 13.
Good showing made In New York stock market.
Page 13.
Unprecedented volume of trade throughout the
country in 1002. Pare 13.
Fulwood chartered to load wheat for Australia.
Page 12
Harrowing tale told by sailors of the Alexander
McNeil. Page 12.
Portland and Vicinity.
Murderers. Belding and Smith plot to break
Jail. Page 14.
How Evangelist Shepardson, now In Portland,
stirred up Denver. Page 11.
Democrats concede appointment of John Man
ning as District Attorney and W. N. Gatenx
as private secretary. Page 10.
To get an open river, Portland could afford to
bond city for $5,000,000. Pcge 12.
Legislative delegation overwhelmed with new
bills. Pmge S.
Adam Kllppel. well-known minister and editor,
dead. Page 14.
Many barbers fall to pass examination. Page 7.
Paul Mohr. well-known railroad man, aulta
No More Ships Will Go
to Bremerton.
UNTIL MORALS IMPROVE
Puget Sound Navy-Yard Is in
Bad Odor at Department.
IT IS SURROUNDED BY DIVES
Commandant Stirling Condemns the
Tenderloin, and on His Recom
mendation Ships Will Not Go
Tbere for the Present.
r
The fact that the Navy-yard at Brem-
t erton, "Wash., 'is surrounded by gam
I bllns holies and dens of vice has
Department
Admiral Stlrllnsr, the Commandant,
has called attention to this state of af
fairs, which is demoralizing to men on
worships.
By his recommendation, no more ships
will be sent there until conditions im
prove. He recommends that the sale of beer
and light wine be allowed In the ram's
clubs, and this suggestion Is also ap
proved. WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. The Navy De
partment will adopt heroic measures to
protect the enlleted men at the Puget
Sound navy-yard, near Seattle. AVash.-,
from the evil influences which exist at
Bremerton. An official report received
today from Rear-Admiral Stirling, in
command of the yard, details a . deplor
able state of affairs In Bremerton, and
Acting Secretary of the Navy Darling to
day Issued an order which will have the
effect of keeping naval vessels away from
that station in the futu're until the
nuisance is abated.
Gambling resorta and disorderly houses,
the report says, flourish juat outside the
yard, especially when one of the war
vessels Is In port, and as the Government
has no other means of protecting the
men from the attendant evils, it was de
cided to force the local authorltlea to
take action by keeping ships away from
the yard.
Admiral Stirling in concluding his re
port, says:
"I understand that the conditions as to
the police regulations have Improved some
what in Bremerton since the town was In
corporated about a year ago, and It Is
thought that the officials of the town.
being nearly all navy-yard employes, the
department, might bring an influence to
bear upon them for still further Im
provement. "The suggestions of the commanding
officers of the receiving ships and marine
barracks In regard to affording the men
facilities for recreation and amusement
are approved, including the recommenda
tion that beer and light wines be allowed
In the men's clubs under proper regula
tions."
Acting Secretary Darling's indorsement
follows:
"The department deems It inadvisable
to "subject American sailors to the Immoral
Influences described within, and until tho
conditions surrounding the Bremerton
yard are corrected by the civil authorities.
no further ships will be ordered to that
yard. CHARLES H. DARLING.
"Acting Secretary."
CHARGE AGAINST .GOODN'OW.
.Vmerieans of Shanghai Make Attack
on United Stntcn Consul.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 30. John Rnndnim-
United States Consul at Shanghai, has
been made the object of a formal attack
by the American Association at Shanghai
and the charces will be dulv InvpsMe-ntpd
by the State Department.
The principal charge Is connected with
the transfer from the Chin
American flag of a vessel. It Is alleged
that the Consul-General charged excessive
fees- for his part In the transfer. Again It
Is charged that he refused to nerform his
dutv In orderlnir a cnurr nf innnirv tr
examine Into the fact3 connected with
tne wreck of this ship.
Mr. Goodnow has Dut In a vis'nrniia de
fense, asserting- that the first
based principally on the affidavit of a
Chinaman, is untrue. To the second
charge he replies that he was not ap-
proacnea oy any authorized person to
order the court.
It is exDected that when the Rtnto De
partment comes to take up this case, tho
question at lseuefbeing mainly of fact, it
will refer the matter to the United state
Legation at Pekln for examination and
report.
JUSTICE SHIRAS WILL RETIRE.
"Will Make Way for Snccessor This
Session Tnft 3Iay Be Chosen.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 30. Justice Shlras.
of the Supreme Court of the United States,
will retire some time during the present
Winter. The date has not vet been fixed
and cannot be until certain cases have
been argued and other cases which have
been set for reargument have been dis
posed of. Mr. Shiras. however, will re
tire during the- present session of Con
gress, in order that his successor may be
confirmed before the adjournment.
Among the names proposed as his suc
cessor Is that of William H. Taft. civil
Governor of the Philippines.
Can't Use President's Name.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. The Commls
sioner of Patents has rendered a decision
announcing that It Is against public policy
for the office to lend its sanction to the
use of the President's name by register
ing any trademark therefor without hla
Portland. Page 12.
xpress consent
J
0