VOL. XLII. NO. 13,089.
PORTLAND, -OREGON, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1902.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
BAR FIXTURES-BILLIARD TABLES
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Fatal Locomotive Boiler Explosion.
PITTSBURG, Nov. 23. A trainman was
killed and seven others seriously injured
by the explosion of a locomotive boiler at
Thompson, on the Monongahela division
of the 'Pennsylvania Railroad today. Of
the injured all are railroad employes, and
none is expected to die.
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Portland, Oregon
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COMPANY
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Gold Crowns 5.00
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Dnslcy Ex-Queen in "Washington
WASHINGTON, Nov. 23. Ex-Queen
Lilluokalanl, of Hawaii, arrived in Wash.
lngton tonight, to remain for some time,
She was accompanied by her maid and by
John D. Alntoku. She is seeking: -favor-
able acUon by Congress on measurea for
her relief.
THE SHARK!
Secretary Hitchcock on'
Public Lands.
OINTS TO OREGON GASES
Urges Early Repeal of the
pmbsr and Stone Act
AND PENALTY ON LAW VIOLATERS
Bold Words oh, the Evil of Fencing
the Public. Domain by Private
Interests New Irrigation
Lrtt, Forest Reserves. V
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash-'
lngton, D. C, Nov. 23. The recently dis
covered timber frauds In Oregon are
rather widely exploited in the annual to-
port of Secretary Hitchcock,, of the In
terior Department, and held -up as a force
ful argument for the Immediate revision
f the timber laws. Although the Secre
tary cites facts and figures heretofore
published in The Oregonlan, he Is gra
cious enough to omit from his official re
port the name of the state In which
these frauds were discovered. His com
ments, nevertheless, are so pointed and
so explicit that they cannot be mistaken.
After showing the phenomenal Increase In
entries in Oregon, under the Timber and
Stone act. In the last quarter, over those
of the preceding three monthsr the See
retary says:
"Should this rato of entry continue dur-
Ing the entire year in that state, It would
mean the acquisition In round numbers of
600,000 acres of timber lands under the
Timber and Stone act, and if the same ac
tivlty ln that class of entries were ex
tended to the other public land states.
then before the expiration of two years
practically every acre of unappropriated
public, timbered lands would have been
absorbed, and the successful operation, of
the Reclamation act of June 17 last ren
dered doubtful, if Its failure be not abso
lutely assured, for the reservation of
publics tlmberdslaids-,t6at must, of ne
cessity be made to assist in conserving
the waters to be impounded by the Irri-y
gatlon systems to be established under
that act will be" defeated or made so ex
pensive by the purchase of said lands
from private owners as to "greatly delay
the completion of the Irrigation systems
contemplated by that, act.
"The reports of the special agents of
this department In the field ;show that, at
some of the local land offices, carloads
of enttymen arrive at a time, every one
of whom makes entry under the Timber
and Stone act. Tho cost of 160 acres of
land under that act, and the accompany
ing commissions, Is $415. As many as five
members of a family who, It. can be read
ily shown, never had J2075 In their lives,
walk up cheerfully and pay the price of
the land and the commissions. Under
such circumstances there Is oqfty one con
elusion to be drawn, and that is that
where a whole carload of' people make
entry under that act, tho unanimity of
sentiment and the cash to exploit it must
have originated In some other source than
themselves.
Pnnlihment for Violators of Law.
"In all such cases a rigid Inquiry will
bo instituted, to determine the bona fides
of the entry, and if it be ascertained that
the entry was not made In good faith, but
In the Interest of some person or persons
other than the entrymen, the entry will
be promptly cancelled and proper crlmi
nal proceedings instituted against the en
trymen."
After explaining the other form of fraud
discovered In Oregon, the location of so
called mining .claims, under the placer
mining laws, the Secretary says:
'f such an entry be made for epecu
latlve purposes only, and for tho purpose
of acquiring the timber within the limits
of the location, the only way by which the
Government can reach the locator will be
by a careful investigation of the charac
ter of the land upon which the location
Is made, and If, after such Investigation
it be determined that the land Is not
mineral In character, and that the loca
tlon is made for speculative purposes, to
arrest tho looator as soon as he begins to
cut the timber. The only defense he can
make will be to show that the land Is
mineral In character, and that he Is cut
ting tho timber to develop his claim, as
allowed by law. Should he fall In that,
he will have to pay the penalty.
"From the foregoing, It will be seen that
the duty of protecting the' public domain
from tho Inroads of those who seek to
despoil It is an onerous one, and Is a mat
ter that should receive the early and care
ful consideration of the Congress. ".
, Criticises Land Leasing: Bill.
The Secretary scathingly criticises the
"Leasing bill" now pending In Congress
which was made the subject of adverj
departmental reports last Spring.
"Should that bill become a. law," said
Secretary Hitchcock, "the public domain
In the sixteen states and territories men
tloned therein, aggregating an area of
525,000,000' a'cres, practically all of the .va
cant public domain west of the Missis
sippi, would bo subject to lease at 2 cents
per apre for tenVears, with a privilege of
Tenewal for ten, years more. During the
last fiscal year there were made within
that area 53,654 original homestead en
tries and 27,904 final homestead entries,
embracing over 12,000,000 acres, and at
footing 65,o58 persons; and during the
present fiscal year Indications are that
more entries will be made, affecting more
people and embracing a greater .acreage
It Is needless to say that such a bill, if
enacted info .law,. -would place the last
acre of desirable Dubilc land out of the
reach of the homeseeker, and defeat the
purpose of the Government to preserve
the public domain for homes for actual
settlfrs.
It would also, defeat the operations
of the Reclamation act approved .June 17
la3t, and make possible the formation of
land monopoly never contemplated by
the public land system, but which, on
the contrary, it is one of the purposes of.
that system to prevent."
Fencing: of Pnbllc Domain.
The unlawful fencing of the public do
main by stockmen ,1s handled twlth equal
severity. After showing that last year 153
cases of unlawful fencing of public lands,
embracing nearly 4,000,000 acres, were re
ported to his department, h.e said:
"Pressure of all sorts has been brought
to bear on this department to cause a
cessation of the vigorous policy it has
vrnirsued against these, unlawful occupants
ui wiv puuwu uuuiuiu. j.i una uecn irc-
qutntly alleged by them that the depart
ment has been making war upon the cat
tle industry of the West, and they have
written letters to different breeders of
cattle-in the Basternand Middle Western
states, and presented to them tho argu
ment that their occatlon would" suffer
if the zeal of the Government was not
abated; and these breeders have, In some
Instances, written to their Senators and
Representatives In., Congress, who have.
In turn, written to this, department.
"It Is the duty of this department to
enforce the laws relative to the public
domain." s '
He adds that these laws which "forbid
and prohibit" the unlawful occupancy or
fencing of the public domain are being
continuously and persistently violated. Un-.
der such circumstances a conscientious ex
ecutive officer with a proper conception
of the nature of his oath can pursue but
one courea.
SECRETARY HITCHCOCK'S REPORT.
Deals With Public Land Problem in
Vigorous Style.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 24. The report of
the Secretary of the Intdrior for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1902, has Just been
made public. It refers, to the passage of
the law for the reclamation of arid lands
at the last session of Congress, and says:
"On the day following the passage of
the act plans were submitted by the Di
rector of the Geological Survey for put
ting It into effect, and these being ap
proved by me, survey parties wero at
once put in the fleldvto obtain all of the
facts concerning the feasibility of various
projects. Great care is being exercised In
selecting projects which will be the great
est benefit to the country, which will set
tle upon the land the .greatest number of
people, and which .will return to 'the
Treasury the cost of the undertaking,
keeping Intact the fund for new works
No considerations of-expediency .or senti
ment can be tolerated, but only those of
making the work a success from a busl
ness standpoint."
The report shows that there were dis
posed of during the fiscal year lands ag
gregating 19,4SS,535.5S0&cres, an iner
or 3,op3.7" y.crax usifcofrip&reu wiurt?
aggregate disposals for the preceding fis
cal year.
The total cash receipts during the fiscal
year from various sources (Including dis
posal of public lands, v$5,8S0,OS8 65) aggre
gate 56,261,927 18, an Increase of 51,289,766 39.
The total area of the public lands is ap
proximately LSOO.639,840 acres, of which
S93.950.476 acres are undisposed of. Con
tlnulng, the report says:
"The avowed policy of the Government
to preserve the public domain for homes
for actual settlers has no more implac
able and relentless foe than the class that
seeks to occupy the public lands for graz
ing .purposes; by 'maintaining unlawful
fences thereon.
"The "fight between this class and the
Government has been going on for years.
and resulted In the passage of the act of
February 25, 18S5, which provides for the
Institution of civil proceedings for the re
moval of such fences, and criminal pros
ecution of the trespassers, and authorizes
the President, If necessary, to call out
the civil and military authorities to "re
move such unlawful lnclosures; but, not
withstanding the passage of said act, and
the efforts of this department to enforce
It, the abuse has continued, andTthe ben
eficiaries thereof have grown so bold and
arrogant that they practically defy the
efforts of the department and the Gov
ernment to execute the law.
"There Is now pending before Congress
a bill entitled 'a bill to provide for tho
leasing, for grazing purposes, of the va
cant public domain, and reserving all
rights of homestead and mineral entry,
the rentals to be a special fund for Irrlga
tlon.' Should that bill become a law, the
public domain In the 16 states and terrl
torles mentioned therein, aggregating an
area of 525,000,000 acres, practically all of
the vacant public domain west of the
Mississippi, would be subject to lease at
2 cents per acre for 10 years, with a prlv
liege of renewal for 10 years more. It, Is
needless to say that such a bill, If enact
ed Into law. would place the last acre of
desirable land out 6f the reach of the
homeseker, and defeat the purpose of the
Government to preserve the public domain
for homes for actual settlers. It would
defeat the operations of the reclamation
act, and make possible the formation of a
land monopoly never contemplated by the
public land system, but which, on the con
trary, it Is one of the purposes of that
system to prevent."
The Secretary intlmateB that there are
numerous other objectionable features to
the bill. Discussing other work of tho de
partment. the Secretary's report says:
"New forest reservations have been es
tabllshcd during the year, tho forestry
service extended, a better and moro thor
ough system of patrolling the reserva
tions has been perfected, and the work of
-reforestation on the various reservations
has been entered upon with satisfactory
results. There are now 54 forest reserves,
embracing 60.175,765 acres. During tho
last fiscal vear four existing reserves
have been enlarged, four have been re
duced. and 15 additional have been estab
llshed. The adequate protection of tho
forest reserves and the extension thereof
to other public timbered lands as occa
slon arises must of necessity go hand In
hand wlthihe operations looking toward
the reclamation of the arid lands of tho
West.
"Timber on the unreserved public lands
cannot now be properly protected; exist
lnjr laws relating thereto, and especially
the act of June 3, 1878, known as 'The
Timber and Stone Act,' If not repealed or
radically amended, will result ultimately
In the complete destruction of the timber
on the unappropriated and unreserved
public, lands. The situation demands tho
passage of remedial legislation.
"In the Indian service regulations hav
been adopted providing for the consldera
tlon of sealed bids for leases of Indian
grazing lands and awards made to the
highest responsible bidder, thereby .secur
ing to the Indians a Just return for the
use of the leased lands. Under the old
method of permitting the tribes to India
crlmlnately enter into contracts for the
use of their lands, such a "result was not
practicable."
GREAT INDUSTRY
Western Oregon Pre-eminently
a Dairy Country,
FAMOUS STOCK IMPORTATIONS
Remarks on tne Feeds and the
Breeds of -the Willamette Valley
Animal Health and Its
Cannes.
By a Staff "Writer. 31xth Letter
McMINNVILLE. Or., Nov. 22. From tha
very beginning of the stock Industry In
Oregon a. beginning coincident with the
settlement of the country there has been
an emphatic disposition on the-.part of- our
farmers to have the best attainable in
the way of breeds and blodd. The animals
selected for the trip across the plains
were of the best breeds in the West, and
the proportion of high individual " merit
among them was very great. It was uni-
vereally appreciated that the animals thus
brought Into the country were to form
Its foundation stock, and tho disposition
was universal to mako It a good stock.
The only really Inferior Targe, body or
stock ever brought Into the state was a
drove or two of Spanish cattle brought
over the mountains from California, and
this was excusable under the necessities
of tho time.
But while our people have always been
enterprising In the matter of Introducing
good breeds, there has been vmuch less
concern about maintaining them In their
original purity and merit. Somehow, there
has been a general failure to comprehend
the truth that keeping up the quality
of a herd is a matter quite as Important
and calling for quite as much enterprise
and attention as to get It In 'the first
place. Carelessness In feeding, with oc
casional seasons of famine the latter very
common In the earlier Winter eeasons
will very quickly run down the best herd
that ever existed; while ln-breedlng or
the incongruous mingling of unasslmllabK
rbreeds 13 equally productive of degener
acy. The crossing or stnciry Deei siock
with strictly milk stock Is simply mon
strous, necessarily fatal to any purpose,
and ruinous In Its effects. Everybody
ought to know thte, and does know It;
and yet, as one moves about the Valley,
nothing Is moro common than to see the
deer-like eyes of the Jersey looking out
from the head of a beef-type animal.
There has always been an unaccountable
Indifference and carelessness In the prac
tice of the country, in these respects,
wholly out of character with the enter
prise which at all times has sought and
secured good blood.
The Importations of the Improved
breeds of cattle began with the comple
tion of the Central Pacific Railroad. W.
C. Myers, of Ashland, was one of the
very early adventurers In this line, and
W. S. Ladd was another. A specula
tive Importer named Saxe a brother of
the poe John G. Saxe at different
times In the early "seventies" brought
several shipments of fine bulls and sold
them out singly; and other Importations
wero made In different parts of the coun
try. But the great Importation which
really fixed the standards and established
the character of the Oregon sherds was
that of Ladd & Reed, in 1871 and 1S72.
Nothing like this wholesale enterprise was
ever made before or since, nor possibly
ever will be again. It Included the very
beet that was to be 'had, re
gardless of cost, and the numbers of ani
mals and the variety of breeds, with the
excellence of the Individuals, made their
coming a very extraordinary. In truth, a
revolutionary vent. From that day until
now Oregon has been Inferior to no coun
try in the quality of her breeds, though the
popular practice in breeding has not at
all times held to the high standards
which have ?been so easily attainable.
Carelessness,-' as above noted, give's us
many incongruous -crosses and tends to
lower thjB general level or our stock; but
; ' .. i 1
URGES REFORM OF PUBLIC LAND LAWS.
r
t ' "E. A. BITCHCOCIC, SECRETARY OF THE? INTERIOR.
L.,; r
at the same time It should bo added that
there never was a time since the Ladd &
Reed importation when there have, not
been many intelligent and careful breed
ers in the "country, who have never per
mitted their herds to fall off In quality.
This has been particularly true In regard
to cattle; so truo that there has always
been, during the past thirty years, a
steady demand pr young, pure-blood sires
for export. California has more or less
recruited her cattle breeds from our thor
oughbred herds, and in considerable num
bers the same class of stock has been ex
ported to the Hawaiian islands and to the
upland districts of Central America.
In the matter of cattle, the Cascade
Mountain Range forms a natural divid
ing line. Western Oregon is primarily a
dairy country; Eastern Oregon Is pri
marily a beef country. Nature. has given
to each extraordinary advantages In the
line of Its' peculiar adaptations. Western
Oregon Is perhaps not excelled anywhere
In the world in the advantages which it
affords for dairying either on a small or
great scale. Its basis of feed supply both
In relation to the production" of animals
and their maintenance In dairy seryico is
everything that could be desired. One
acre of Western" Oregon land "under cul
"tlva'tlon to' "forage crops will suffice for
.the' maintenance .of a dairy cow; and with
a . little aid from the feed mlir'lt will go
much further. Even, under natural con
ditions as under the present practice In
Tillamook, where the wet season Is al
most the whole year round, two acres In
many situations take care of a cow with
out other contribution for her support
and In passing. It may be said that the
average return from the milk product of
a cow Is reckoned at J50, with the annual
calf thrown Into the bargain.
Western Oregon, being pre-eminently a
dairy country. It goes without saying that
the mHk breeds of cattle are more val
ued here than the beef breeds, although
Dotn are common; anu there is a very
good and popular practice which follows
the rule of using only the dual-purpose
breeds like the Red-Polled and the milk
typo of the Shorthorn excellent milkers
and good beef makers. But where dairy
Ing Is carried on as a specialty on the
basis of high-priced land, where the In
tenslfled system is employed, the best re
suits are attained by-using the strictly
milk breeds, though there Is naturally a
good deal of loss connected with the
product of males, which, when not want
ed tor sires, are almost worthless. They
come to nothing In size, are hard to pre
pare for the block, and even when fat
mako poor beef. Butf for dairy pur
poses the exclusive milk breeds, the
Jersey being pre-eminent among them,
will bring results which cannot be
attained by any other stock. This
has long been understood In Western
Oregon, and with the revival . of the
creamery hero there has been an
enormous Increase In Jersey blood. In
truth, the Jersey grade Is now almost
universal In the Willamette Valley, and
three out of every five animals seen by
tho roadside betray by form or mark
lngs some relationship to the Jersey fam
lly. The Jersey, while the standard dairy
cow. Is far from being the greatest milk
producer In point of quantity, being ex
celled In this respect by other breeds.
very notably the Guerffesys, which are
strong on quantity and short on butter
content. But there are, conditions under
which this is a very positive advantage.
The condensed milk factory, for example,
prefers much milk to very rich milk, and
If the business of condensing. Just now
being Introduced here, should attain a
great development. It w6uld surely make
a demand for the product of the so-called
Inferior milk breeds. Inferloritv belnc-
reckoned upon the point of quantity.
No other Oregon Industry, all things
considered, has ever made such rapid
strides as has that of the dairy during
the past three or four years. Before the
beginning of the movement there were
perhaps not more than 20 creameries in
opration, and only a few of these worked
the year round. There are today 151
creameries in the- state, almost all of
them in Western Oregon, and their num
ber and capacity are being Increased as
rapidly as animals can be gathered to
gether for their supply. The value of the
dairy productions of the state during the
past year has been upwards of $4,000,000,
and It is hardly necessary to add that
every ' department of Industry "or trade
(Concluded on Second Page.)
A 1 0 PERCENT RAI
No Doubt That Goal Miners
Will Get That.
OTHER MATTERS NOT SO CLEAR
This Concession on the Part of tha
Railroads Led to Direct Xegotla
tions Between the 'Parties to ;
the Great Strike.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 23. The Public
Ledger tomorrow will publish a state
ment .by Wayne MacVeagh covering tha
efforts that have been made to bring
about an amicable adjustment of the dis
pute between the anthracite coal com
panies and their mlneworkers. Mr Mac
Veagh says:
"The parties on both slde3 were con
testing every Inch of ground when the
great railway corporations volunteered an
advance of 10 per cent of the wages of
their employes.
"As soon as such an advance was an
nounced, it seemed to be taken for grant
ed that, notwithstanding the advance
made two years ago, a like increase would
now be granted the miners, and, the
question of wages being out of the way,
there was a general feeling in favor of
trying to adjust the other differences.
"While I was still cross-examining Mr.
Mitchell I was asked to meet him and
his counsel In conference to make an
effort to reach some adjustment of an
amicable nature. We discussed the mat
ters in dispute on different occasions and
at great length, and, at last, by tho In
valuable assistance of E. B. Thomas, the
president of the two companies I repre
sent, the basis, as he thought, of a pos
sible adjustment was reached, and when
It was submitted to the other gentlemen,
who, with Mr. Thomas, had signed the lit
ter requesting the appointment of tho
commission, they all concurred with Mr.
Thomas In approving it as a basis of ne
gotiations." POSITIOX OF INDEPENDENTS.
They Demand Recognition In tho
Final Settlement.
SCRANTON. Pa.. Nov. 23. The position
o be taken by the independent coal oper
ators, with regard to the tentative agree
ment between the large ooal companies
and the mlneworkers to settle .their dif
ferences outside the anthracite coal strike
commission, but with the conciliatory as
sistance ot the arbitrators, has not yet
been definitely, decided' upon. The Inde-
-rnaeirts" held a meeting last mght, at
which were present tn representatives ot
about 26 companies, and a committee of
nine wis appointed to go to New York
on Tuesday for the purpose of meeting the
presidents of the coal-carrying railroads
and learn from them what the indepen
dent companies are to expect, providing
they agree to go along and adjust 'the la
bor dispute without arbitration. This de
cision was not reached until the Inde
pendent operators' attorney, Ira H. Burns,
of Scranton, had made a report or the
conference he attended, at which wero
present all the attorneys for the largo
companies and the miners and the "con
clllator," or sub-committee of the commis
sion. Until they learn what the large
companies Intend to do the Independents
will make no positive stand, beyond that
which they took In the hearing before the
commission on Saturday. That was to tha"
effect that they object to the commission
approving any agreement In which the in
dependent operators are not Included.
The committee of the Independents, 19
composed of the following mlneowners:
W. W. Watson, of the Hooslc Moun
tain Coal Company and the Moui Jessup
Coal Conpany, of Scranton; F. B.
(Concluded on Second Page.)
CONTENTS OF TODAY'S PAPER.
Foreign.
Colombian leaders exchange amiable greetings.
Page 2.
.Grand Trunk Railroad of Canada la to build a
line Irom Ontario to the Paciflc Page 2.
Domestic.
Secretary Hitchcock's annual report refers to
land frauds In Oregon and urges repeal of
timber and stone act. Page l4
Coal miners are assured at "least a 10 per
cent advance of -wiges. Page 1.
Senators, and Representatives are gathering la.
"Washington for the annual session. Page 4
Major Walter Reed, who discovered' how to
rid Havana of yellow fever, la dead. Page 2.
.President Eliot expresses vjpwa favorable to
organized ftibor. Pase 4.
Pacific Coast.
Oregon" Barbers' Commission proposes amend
ments that will perpetuate Itself and ral3Q
revenue. Page 3.
Fire caused losses reaching nearly $7.000 la
Elma, Wash., yesterday. Page 3.
La Grande sugar mill U3ed 17,500 tons of.
beets this year and turned ,out 4.CO0.00O
pounds of sugar. Page 3.
"Wedderburn and the Rogue River Valley offer
openings for trade. Pace 1.
Marine.
Bldston Hill, from Antwerp, Is off the river
and other cargo ships are due. Page 10.
Oriental liner Indravelll due today with big
cargo. Page 10.
Steamer Klek, chartered for Portland loading.
has sugar for Vancouver. Page
British. -French and Danish vessels added to
the en route list for Portland.
French bark Nantes arrives at Portland yes.
terday. Page 10.
Foreign shipowners will lose thousands by de
layed arrival of their vessels at Portland.
Page 10.
Sports.
Multnomah and Oregon elevens ready for
Thanksgiving fray. Page 5.
Tracey scores Young Joe "Walcott'a challenge.
Page 5.
Y. Il7 C. A. basket-ball team' trains to meet
Oakland. Page 5.
Hunt Club members discuss Jockey Club proj
ect. Pace 5. "
Portland and Vicinity.
Real estate dealers make large sales. Pagj 12.
Tralnload of citizens to g&-"to livestock con
vention. Pase 12.
First Presbyterian Church raises debt of 4600.
Page 8.
Thanksgiving dinner and what It will cost.
Page 12.
Good work of the Home for Young "Women.
Page 8.
Bulldmg a new dock on the East Side. Page 8.
"Whole city preparing for , Thanksgiving.
Page 12.
Dr. Morrison condemns moral reform by law.
Page 8. k '
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