THE MORNING OBEGONIAN, MONDAY, 'AUGUST 18, 1902.
tered at the Postofllce at Portland. Oregon,
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TODAY'S WEATHER Fair and warmer.
Northwesterly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 07 deg.; minimum temperaturo, 53
deg.; precipitation, .02 Inch.
PORTLAND, 31 0 IV DAY, AUGUST 18.
SOURCES OF GREATNESS.
It la a suggestive fact that the emi
nence joI the new United States Su
preme Court Justice, O- W. Holmes,
and the real source of his greatness,
He In his learning. As lawyers go, he
Is not particularly effective, as a Judge
he Is not notably sound; but he Is a
profound and a discursive scholar In
many fields of Tcnowledge. His wisdom
has made him great
In these days of cheap and brilliant
wit, when mere moneybags are ready
to' neglect and despise both books and
schools, when public affairs are fre
quently at the mercy of the half-educated,
it la worth while to note the tri
umphs of scholarship. No amount of
learning can make the shallow brain
deep or impart 'the .unconquerable soul
to the purppseiess. but it iscertaln that
clothing but learning can enable medi
ocrity to become great, and it is doubt
fuf if there 4s any other way for the
Individual without exceptional native
endowment to rise to pre-eminence ex
cept the way of study. Gladstone and
Salisbury and Balfour lllustrate the
power that can be acquired through
learning. None of them received great
genius through inheritance, but all of
them achieved greatness through sheer
'force of study and equipment in the
worlds of books and music, art and sci
ence. Blaine's success in Maine is at
tributed largely" to the assiduity, with
which he pursued the annals of the
date's political life. McKlnley's promi
nence grew out of his thorough mastery
of tariff details. Spooner's power re
sides largely in his wide acquaintance
with every question that comes before
Congress.
Learning is so potential and neces
sary a source of greatness hat the
highest type of greatness can only be
predicated of those who gain it A man
may reach a certain altitude of great
ness without learning, but not the high
est altitude. Native gifts or acquired
methods of conduct can do a great deal
for a man, but they cannot take the
place of knowledge. President McKin-
ley reached a certain plane of eminence
through his amiable gifts, his diplo
matic talents, his rare capacity of meas
uring and Influencing men. But the
world of ultimate and profound learn
ing was to him an undiscovered -country.
Beady as was his talent for learn
ing, as exemplified in the progress lie
made in finance from 1891 to 1898, and in
(tariff from 1894 to 1901, his lack of en-
lightenment on those questions will f or
'ever keep him down to the second rank
I of American public men. Learned as
Macaulay was, he was not yet learned
enough to avoid errors which affix in
eradicable blots to his brilliant career.
Learned as Gladstone was, he has left
errors of Ignorance which posterity is
certain, as time goes on, to view with
Increasing impatience.
It is one of. the perils of the hour in
this country, as in every country, that
popular crazes on the ono hand, and
ti& gift of money-making on the "Other
hand, conspire to elevate to power num.
.berless persons of good intentions and
xf harmless exteriors, who conduct soci
ety along the brink of a precipice down
Which it may be plunged at any time
through their Ignorance of history and
economics. Men like Brya&and Hanna
tire continually doing foolish things
"Which a kind Providence overrules to
innocuous results, but which are oml
aous of tremendous evil In some hour
of National crisis. If McKinley had
een President in 1893 with his views
of 1891, the country would have gone to
the silver basis because of his igno
rance. If Cleveland had been President
jla 1898 with the views he acted upon
tin Hawaii in 1893, he would probably
ttiave renounced the Philippine Islands,
fthrough ignorance of the laws of an
nexation and the principles of 'ethnio
development. The Republican party
jjwould be shipwrecked in thia year's
elections if it bad to go before the coun
try on the doctrines enunciated by Mr.
IMcKlnley as immutable principles ten
ears ago.
There is- another source of greatness,
end one which learning cannot supply,
and that Is the resolute heart Tet
even here it is true that the dauntless
spirit perceives that the means to its
end lie through the achievement of
gaming. If it is Napoleon in the field
of war or Blaine in the world of poll
tics or Carnegie in manufacturing" or.
Morgan in finance, the exceptional mind
makes Itself master of the wisdom that
must servo its purposes. The art of
war was known "before Napoleon's day
to reach the vital point before the
enemy and strike before he is ready
I but Napoleon mastered it, and sum
moned up the resolution to apply It
great if they only had learning. Next
to this is the capacity to learn quickly
upon occasion what needs to be known
at the time. Such a man is President
Roosevelt, who is not learned. Such a
man was Gladstone, who learned new
things as fast as he forgot old onea
There is a facile, catch-as-catch-can
sort of utilitarian wisdom which gives
much measure of success, as ordinary
men come and go; but no man of this
ready school of quick wisdom, crammed
overnight against examination day, can
ever rise to the level of true "greatness.
The most precious stone in the diadem
of real greatness is scholarship. In
private life it puts the crowning touch
on character. In public it Is the true
sheet-anchor of safety.
CRAZES AND THEIR HARVEST.
"What killed Charley Fair and his
wife was the "speed madnesa" A better-balanced
head would have kept him
from running away with his machine on
a dangerous piece of road. But the ex
citement of the chase was too much
for his discretion. It overcame him. It
took possession of his judgment, de
throned his reason and nullified his will.
He was the slave of a passion. The
tragedy is therefore but another exhibit
In the long Indictment of mankind for
its frequent submission to the chains
of sensualism.
A considerable fraction of humanity
becomes, at one time or another, vic
timized by a "craze." It may be for
drink, or for gambling, or for dress, or
for bicycles, or for orchids, or for In
dian baskets, or for spiritualism, or for
"holiness," or for automobiles, or for old
manuscripts, or for mountain-climbing,
or for athletics. There is a wide range
of Indulgences here, and some are more
potently harmful than others, but at
bottom there is little difference in their
moral quality. "When the Judgment is
bound and delivered over to impas
sioned and unreasoning devotion, out of
all proportion to the serious purposes of
life, the main sin is committed. Wheth
er we sell our souls to an automobile
or a frowsy medium or the stock ex
change does not greatly matter. A boy
died in Cleveland from cigarette-smoking
the same day that two infatuated
Alpine-climbers lost their footing on the
sides of a fatal precipice. Their mas
ters were different, but each was in
bondage. '
So near is wit to wltlepsciess, so near
devotion to slavery, that crazes are apt
to sweep over whole bodies of men si
multaneously. There was the tulip
craze in Holland, the Panama craze In
France, the Kaffir craze In England, the
know-nothing craze In the United States.
Many epochs of history seem to reveal
a form of Insanity pervading almost an
entire people. Burke has fitly charac
terized the French Revolution as a
regicide craze. New England's unhap
py persecution of witches partook of the
nature of a mania. Gold rushes and
reservation rushes in the United States
owe their magnitude more to Infectious
fever than to any well-defined prospects
of, gain. "When we reflect how many
and persistent are these infatuations
that possess by turn even the matter-of-fact
American people. It seems as If we
might almost characterize the business
of normal existence as being carried on
Ty the people in their lucid Intervals.
In Individual cases one craze usually
wrecks the mind that has so far merely
by accident escaped some other form of
folly. It is a common reflection that
the person who commits suicide over
love or religion would probably have
committed suicide over something else
sooner or later if the particular con
tributory occasion had not come along.
And this Is In great part true. The
mind that "cannot withstand the fasci
nation of the "speed madness" is of a
piece with those that succumb to the
gambling mania or the fever for placer
mining. The unbalanced mind is fore
doomed to fall some day when the
right temptation comes along. For Cap
tain Strong it was the person of May
Tohe; for Apdree it was the Arctic bal
loon; forSenor Sevras It was the air
ship; for De' Qulncey It was the opium
dream; for, alas! how many It has been
the- convivial glass. Perhaps we should
Bay that the unemployed rich are pecu
liarly open to temptations of this kind.
"An Idle brain Is the devil's workshop."
It Is the policy of Nature to remove In
one way and another those whose gen
eral unproductiveness enables them to
be spared. For those upon whom more
hackneyed attractions pall, the auto
mobile, with its "speed madness," has
been raised up.
PORTLAND'S TURN TO PUSH AHEAD.
It can hardly escape notice that Port
land occupies . a rather large place in
the calculations of railroad-builder
Not only is it the center of important
local transportation projects, but it is
also the goal of transcontinental enter
prises. Oregon is recognized today as a
field offering greater inducements to
capital than any other state of the
"West, and transportation facilities in
these modern days of commerce are
among the first requirements of indus
trial development The strength of
Portland is shown by the fact that
every new line is careful to establish
strong connections with this city.
The Northern Pacific is making every
effort to get Into Portland on better
terms than It has hitherto enjoyed. To
thlB end it is willing to spend 53,600,000
to bring its trains Into this city from
the north bank of the Columbia at Van
couver, and there is no knowing how
much It will pay, directly and indirect
ly, to get down the Columbia River to
Portland. One Hoe Is necessary to han
dle the business between Portland and
Puget Sound, the other to care for the
traffic from the East and the Upper Co
lumbia Basin that insists on coming to
this port The Snake River line to
Lewiston is another project contributing
distinctly to Portland's trade prestige.
Nearer home is the Columbia River &
Northern, now under active construc
tion, which will drain the rich Klickitat
country to the unfretted Columbia and
to Portland. The Columbia Southern
extension and the movement for a port
age railroad between Biggs and The
Dalles are also In the line of getting
products of the interior to the Portland
market' with greater facility and less
cost The newest and possibly the
most significant of all. because it in
troduces a whole new family of indus
trial factors is the enterprise for con
necting Coos Bay with Salt Lake City,
which also involves another connection
with Portland, both from the East and
from San Francisco. In no other field
is development activity so great as in
that of which Portland Is the center.
All this may be due somewhat to the
fact that Oregon was not exploited so
much as her sister commonwealths in
years past Rapid growth was then
with them. Now comes Oregon's turn,
and circumstances are exceptionally fa
vorable for large development in Mm
fairly bursting with pent-up energy,
and it needs only the quickening influ
ence of capital to release native wealth
and establish Industrial life almost be
yond tho dreams of Oregonians. ' Port
land should take active and sympathetic
part in these operations in order to re
ceive their full benefit
BUSINESS IS BUSINESS.
No word is more needed by the peo
ple of the Pacific Coast and of the whole
United States than this striking utter
ance by Consul H. B. Miller, who Is In
Portland from his post In China on a
brief vacation:
Now there Is one fundamental and absolute
ly essential basis for all our relations with
China, and that Is our taxing a stronger hand
In the political affairs of that country. To my
mind, there Is little use In our attempting to do
much commercially without taking a hand in
tho Internal affairs of China. . . . We should
remember that things In that country are done
by treaty right and special concessions, and It
requires a very active and constant display of
strength on the part of the United States to
obtain for our merchants these rights and con
cessions. Trade, in other words. Is hand in
hand with politics.
Mr. Miller could do his country no
more useful service than In bringing
thi3 message home to every person who
is Influential in forming our govern
mental policies. The truth he presents
Is not new, but it is scarcely appre
hended by those who most need to know
it Perliaps It will gain some attention
because it comes from a man who-"has
been there and ought to know."
Business men Dhould realize and the
schools rhould teach that the highest
and most important function of govern
ment today is to secure to its subjects
the fullest opportunity for their pow
ers to be employed, and for them to
gather the product of their labors. The
sentimental and social rights of man
have been secured. The rlghta he needs
today are those of production and ex
change. For satisfaction of these rights and
needs, domestic supply and demand no
longer suffice. To the American work
ingman of the twentieth century foreign
markets are a necessity. Our Govern
ment will fail of Its duty unless it is
armed and vigilant at all points for
offense and defense in extension of
American trade, and not so much ex
tension of trade as the maintenance of
opportunities for trade. Our represen
tative Government has no existence or
reason on its own account. It subsists
merely as the accredited agent of the
whole people, and In that representative
capacity it must protect the productive
and commercial capabilities of the
masses from hostile agencies in what
ever direction.
The Immense possibilities of trade
with Asia have been so often recounted
that it is needless to enlarge upon
them. Their greatness Is pointedly at
tested in the strenuous efforts made by
European powers to gain footholds there
of territory, of concessions, of treaty
rights, of Influences at court All" these
Intrigues and shows of force must be
met, as Consul Miller says, in kind.
The Administrations of McKinley and
Roosevelt have done creditable service
In upholding American rights and dig
nity In the Orient-. For this work they
deserve the solid encouragement of the
American business community. Not
the least of tho steps for our successful
maintenance In Oriental markets is the
retention of the Philippine Islands.
They are the most eligible of stepping
stones to the greatest of the continents.
They are to be the gateway to the
greatest commerce the world has ever
seen.
THE MAIN FACT CONCEDHB.
Vice-President Daughtry, of the Union
Stockyards Company, makes the state
ment that recent articles of The Orego
nlan on the meat-packing industry have
been misleading, and yet he concedes
the whole question when he admits that
25 per cent of the hogs shipped from
Portland to Puget Sound were packing
hogs. That would be about 5000 pack
ing hogs sent from Portland In the year
1900. It is entirely within bounds to es
timate the number of packing hogs sent
to Puget Sound from the Upper Colum
bia Basin territory directly tributary
to Portland at ten times the number
that parsed through this city, or 50,000.
Then admit that but 25 per cent of the
hogs shipped from "Western Oregon to
San Francisco filled packing-house re
quirementsthere were 5000 more. This
gives a total of 60,000 packing hog3 that
Portland should have packed, but did
not In other words, it refused more
than three times as many as it used-.
"We are not particularly concerned
with the exact number of hogs that
were shipped for the purposes of this
presentment The question that stands
prominent in the forefront in all this
discussion is, "Why were any packing
hogs shipped from Portland? Why
were the packers from other Coast
towns permitted to take good hogs right
from under, the nose of Portland pack
ers? Do you find that San Francisco or
Seattle ship away any of the hogs they
receive? Not a bit of It. They buy
hogs In Portland, pay the freight on
the animals and convert them Into
manufactured products which they sell
In the face of Eastern competition. The
freight charge Is about 50 cents per hog
between Portland and Seattle, besides
stockyards charges and the risk and
annoyance of shipment Portland pack
ers certainly have this advantage in
the market
As to the market for packing-house
productp, the following statement that
was printed in The Oregonlan of July 17
seems to be significant:
For the year 1901 the one State of Oregon
received 8,250.000 pounds of hams and bacon,
and more than 3,000,000 pounds of lard. The
Alaska and North Pacific Coast trade, which
Is supplied from points east of the Missouri
River, represents for the same period about
30,000,000 pounds of ham, bacon and lard. And,
while the export trade to Pacific porta Is not
yet very great, having been only 2,000.000
pounds for the nine months ending September
30, 1001, the Asiatic demand for packing-house
products is rapidly growing, and there is hard
ly a limit to the possibilities In that direction.
This, it is to be observed. Is over and
above the output of the local packing
houses. Another statement that was printed at
that time indicated the possibilities of
the packing-house Industry in the
Northwest as follows:
It Is estimated that, under the stimulus of
tho steady demand which a proper packing
house Industry would create, Portland would
get annually from the region east of the Cas
cades 2,500.000 hogs, and from the Willamette
Valley 1.000.000. These would yield about 700,
000,000 pounds of pork products, of the value
of about (87,500,000. No Industry in the North
west will compare with this in its possibilities.
It remains to be aid that The Ore
gonlan's purpose In presenting this mat
ter before the- public Is to awaken wider
interest in a field of Industry that Is
not fully occupied. There appears no
good reason why Portland should not
have packing-houses, to turn every hog
within reach of thia market Into bacon,
hams and lard for home consumption.
If packers In other Coast cities can buy
livestock in Portland and convert it
into cured products at a profit, pack
ers in Portland may do It There la
some reason In the contention that the
hog supply of the Columbia Basin Is
not yet up to the demands of a very
large packing establishment, but the
power to produce Is here, and adequate
packing-houses and stockyards in Port
land are all that Is required to develop
the Industry to extensive proportions.
Other cities do not wait for the hogs
before establishing the packing plants.
Unless we shall have surplus packing
capacity to absorb Increased production,
all the growth Will go to the towns that
do. Portland can sit with folded hands
and murmur that it can't make money
at the business, while others are actu
ally taking our livestock and establish
ing a great industry for themselves
with much profit, but that will not do.
"We can at least do what others are
doing, particularly when we have ma
terial advantages over the others. The
Oregonlan Is too much In earnest in
this matter to quibble over petty de
tails. There can be no dispute over the
broad facts that livestock is cheaper in
Portland than In Seattle or San Fran
cisco; that the demand for packing
house products Is not met by the local
supply; that other Coast towns take
packing stock from Portland and from
Portland's trade field which ought to be
used here. It is a mild statement to
say that this Is not a sound condition
for a growing community hi a new
country. It holds out a great opportu
nity for somebody to seize.
Dr. Martin Luther Holbrook, of New
York, an eminent authority on hygiene
and physical culture, Is dead at the
age of 72 years. Ever since he received
his diploma as a physician, in 1S61, Dr.
Holbrook has been a student of and
authority upon sanitation a teacher of
ways and means to preserve health
rather than to cure disease. With all
of his knowledge and research, he was
not himself able to attain to a great
age, though, upon the theory that fewer
years of sound health is preferable to
great age beset by Infirmities that re
sult from unhygienic living, Dr. Hol
brook'e death, like his life, is a matter
of congratulation. The propaganda of
physical culture gained largely through
his efforts, and his life from this stand
point was a marked success.
The indignation against' storage of
lighting oil In one's neighborhood, let
us say at once, is Justifiable. All the
same, a consummation devoutly to be
wished would be for about half the
resolution and activity that Is enlisted
against oil, against street-cars, against
railroads, against pavements, against
sidewalks, etc., etc., to become enlisted
In favor of something that will benefit
the town. Take your choice of the ob
ject you will work for, gentlemen; the
range Is wide and unrestricted, but get
excited In favor of some great public
enterprise that will make the town big
ger and better, and won't hurt you,
either. We have hundreds AGAINST
everything that comes up. Let us have
a few FOR something!
It passes comprehension that persons
of even less than ordinary" prudence
and forethought will move camp on an
outing at this season of the year with
out taking extra care to extinguish the
smoldering embers of.thelr campflres.
Not only is valuable timber In great
quantities destroyed every year through
this lapse of prudence, or, more plainly
speaking, criminal neglect, but homes
and crops' are menaced, and not infre
quently destroyed, thereby. It is a pity
that the culprits in this matter cannot
be apprehended, not only that they may
be punished, but that the good name
of campers in general may be cleared
of charges which of necessity must be
indiscriminately lodged.
How well the masses appreciate the
Portland Library since it has been
made public In fact as well as in name
is attested by lta phenomenal increase
in patronage. There Is now no sort of
excuse for the withholding of benefac
tions toward it by those who are able
to give. Somebody has set a good ex
ample in this matter by a gift of $200.
The library is in good hands, and is
doing good work; but its usefulness Is
only a fraction of what It might be
with adequate endowment and generous
equipment, "When casting about for a
deserving object of helpful Investment,
don't forget the library.
Representatives of Portland who have
been striving to bring National conven
tions here for 1904 and 1905 seem to have
worked with commendable zeal and
discretion. Failures for 1904 may be
merged Into success for 1905, which will
be better yet. One of the mo9t strenu
ous Is to be that in connection with the
mining congress. This deserves liberal
support on all hands. Nothing is more
Important than to draw attention of
capital to Oregon as a mining state.
The miners are "standing firm," and
the owners won't start up. 'It is fully
as meritorious in the strikers to refuse
to work in cold furnaces as it Is credit
able in the operators to refuse to re
sume "operations while no men report
for work. There should be no com
plaint from either side, and honors are
even.
If oil fuel In locomotives will do away
with the sparks that annually set nu
merous fires in dry grain fields along
railroad tracks. It would seem to be
worth while to equip thresher engines
also for oil-burning. That would avoid
a peril that is almost constant in har
vest fields east of the Cascades.
Colonel Jacobs Is dragged off again,
Just as he has settled down among us
as a familiar and welcome and almost
a pioneer figure. Let us hope that St.
Louis will be to his liking also, and
that he will not be moved away Just
as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
opens.
The British Navy Is principally com
posed of has-beens and false alarms.
But so is every navy under the sun.
The world's peace Is assured as much
by the rotten old hulks as by the craft
that could really fight
The Elgin creamery has failed, -with
10,000 creditors. Indebtedness of that
multitudlnousaess Is a luxury few can
afford. Could an honest fellow who
wasn't going to fall ever get that many
persons to trust him?
That was a mean trick of the other
Elks to put the ban on street carnivals.
They had. evidently heard of Portland'
success in that Use and despaired, of
beating u. Elks ebould be above Jeal-
REMAKING THE SUPREME COURT
New York Evening Post
It is a striking tribute to the transpir
ent enjoyment of paternal pride by Oliver
"Wendell Holmes that the announcement
of the new appointment to the United
States Supreme Court will make many
a reader exclaim: "What a pity that Dr.
Holmes could not have lived long enough
to see his boy receive this honor!" The
only son 6f the poet and humorist his
father's letters to his friends from the
very first showed his cheerful confidence
that the bby was going to grow into a
man of mark. In "My Hunt After 'The
Captain. " Dr. Holme3 left on record. 40
years ago, one of the most charming mix
tures of paternal solicitude and humorous
appreciation of the grotesque and tho
amuBlng sides of war to be found In lit
erature, culminating In this delightful
sketch of the meeting after a prolonged
seirch: s
In the first car, on the fourth seat to the
right. I saw my Captain: there saw I him,
even my first-born, whom I had sought through
many cities.
"How are you, BoyT"
"How are you. Dadr
Such are the proprieties of life, as they are
observed among us Anglo-Saxons of the nlne
wnth century, rt-centlv dl'gutMcfr those nat
ural Impulses that made Joseph, Prime Min--..r
u. kt,t, .eep uouu ao mat uio Egyp
tians and tha house of Pharaoh heard nay,
which had once overcome hl3 shaggy old uncle
Eeau so entirely that he tell on his brother's
neck and cried like a baby In tho presence of
all tho women.
This was the time that Captain Holmes
was wounded in the neck at Antletam. 40
years ago next month; the year before, he
had been wounded in the breast at Ball's
Bluffs, and the next May he received a
third wound. In the foot, at Fredericks
burg. But he had carried a. good consti
tution into the Union Army when he en
listed, the first year of the Civil War, at
tho age of 0; and at 61 his health Is so
vigorous that it seems reasonable to ex
pect 15 years of active service In his new
post He has sat nearly 20 years on tho
Supreme bench of Masachusetts, the list
part of the time as Its Chief Justice; and
his appointment is the second time within
a quarter of a century that a President
has called the head of that court to
"Washington. Justice Gray having held
that position when he was selected by
President Arthur In 1S5L
Justice Holmes has not been a great
Judge, like that predecessor in his pres
ent position. iTcmuel Shaw, who sat as
Chief Justice from 1S20 to 1S50, and left
his enduring mark upon the Interpreta
tion of the law. He has been more of
a "literary feller" than one often finds
on the bench, and he has a strong ten
dency to be "brilliant" rather than
sound. At the same time his ability
warranted his original selection for an
associate Justiceship and his promotion
to the chief place when the last vacancy
occurred. Not a few lawyers in Mas
sachusetts would pick out at least one
of his associates as likely to render the
Nation better, if more humdrum, service
at Washington; but of course. If the
President were going to the Bay State
for a Judge, ho could not pas3 by the
Chief Justice.
Mr. Roosevelt seems likely to make
over the Supreme Court largely espe
cially if he should be given a second
term. Mr. Gray was the oldest member
of that bench 74. last March: but Justice
Shlras was 70 last January, Chief Jus
tice Fuller will reach the same age next
February, and Justice Harlan next June.
Under the law allowing retirement
upon a full-pay pension at 70,
after 10 years of service, all three
may withdraw within the next twelve
. month. Of tho other five. Brown Is 66;
Brewer, 65 (both becoming eligible for
retirement within the next five years);
Peckham. 63; McKenna. 59, and "White
"56. Justice Holmes will not reduce the
average age so much as is desirable when
a new man comes (Harlan was only 44
when appointed in 1877) Indeed, he
violates the excellent rule which It has
been sought to establish, that no man
should be selected who was past 60;
but heredity gives him promise of a vig
orous old age.
It Is an Interesting coincidence that the
new Justice embodies new views of new
questions at a time when tho old ques
tions which were so long the mjost im
portant have been finally disposed of.
Not only heforo the Civil "War were is
sues growing out of the slavery contro
versy the burning ones before the supremo
tribunal, but for a long period after Its
end they reappeared, in ono guise or an
other. At last, they were disposed of,
one by one, a court with a large majority
of Republicans affirming the principle of
state rights, annulling the civil rights act,
and sustaining the Southern States in
adopting constitutions which practically
disfranchise the blacks, though on their
faco so fair that no ground for Federal
interference can be found. Tho new ques
tions are those which Involve the rights
of capital and labor under the novel con
ditions bred of modern tendencies toward
the consolidation of wealth and the organ
ization of labor. We must consider it on
the whole, a fortunate circumstance that
Justice Holmes has made a record in Mas
sachusetts as a defender of tho right of
laboring men to organize and to seek the
ends of such organization, "so long as
they do no violence or threaten no vio
lence'sfortunate because it la undoubt
edly true that worklngmcn as a rule feel
that the court takes sides against them.
It is not strange that laboring men
should be sctnewhat distrustful of Judges
who have been known chiefly as "corpo
ration IawyerH," and It is a happy cir
cumstance that no such criticism can be
passed upon the new appointee.
The substitution of one Massachusetts
man for another docs not disturb the
balance of the court from the locality
point of view. New England otlll "has one
of the nine places; New York and Penn
sylvania one apiece Peckham and Shlras;
the Middle "West three Fuller of Illinois,
Brown of Michigan and Brewer of Kan
sas: the upper and lower South, ono
apiece Harlan of Kentucky and White of
Louisiana; and the Pacific Coast, one
McKenna of California. Three are Dem
ocratsFuller, Peckham and "White: and
no change In this division Is made by
putting one Republican in place of an
other. Fortunately, it has been long since
the suggestion was heard that either sec
tion or party had any Influence in tho de
cisions of this court
A. Prodlfriona Plow Order.
Philadelphia Record.
An order for 18,000 eight-horse piows to
be used for breaking up the virgin soil In
South Africa has been received by the
Farquhar Agricultural Works at York,
Pa. This is probably the largest order
ever sent out for this crop-compelling im
plement It affords a most welcome proof
of the new turn of affairs on tho blood
soaked veldts where Briton and Boer were
lately struggling for master;. The Amer
ican people will take much greater pleas
ure in sending plows to the Transvaal
than in sending mules and munitions of
war, and will lose nothing by the substi
tution. The resumption of mining opera
tions will no doubt be the signal for a re
newal of large export orders for machin
ery, tools and lumber to go along with
the plows and help to rebuild the pros
perity that existed before the land was
given up to the desolation of war.
Earl March. LaoU'd on His Dyingr
Child.
Thomas Campbell.
Earl March look'd on his dying child,
And. smlt with grief to view Tier
Tho youth, he cried, whom I exiled
Shall be restored to woo her.
She's at the window many 'an hour
His coming to discover:
And he loolc'd up to Ellen's bower
And she look'd on her lover
But ah I so pale, he knew her not.
Thdugh her smlla on him was dwelling
And am I then forgot forgot?
It broke the heart of Ellen.
2a vain ha weeps. In vain he sighs.
Her cheek is cold, as ahe:
Ncr lore's own kiss shall wake tfeoc yt
HONORS COME HIGH.
New York Mall and Express.
"William Pitt once recommended to
George HI that any man with an Income
of $1GO,000 a year should be made a peer if
he so desired.
It would bo possible, according to an
English paper, to support a peerage on an
Income much less than that Indeed,
many a peer of recent creation, as well as
of ancient date, is able to maintain his
dignity with great success on $50,000 a
year, or even leas. But the unavoidable
Initial expenses which a peer is called
upon to defray total up at the very least
close on 4000.
First of all, there are big fees to be
paid. There are five grades of nobility
Baron. Viscount, Earl, Marquis and Duke.
The fee of a Baron Is $"750, of a "Viscount
$1000, of an Earl $1250. of a Marquis $1500
and of a Duke the highest rank In the
peerage $1750. Part of these fees goes to
the national exchequer and part to sup
port tha College of Arms In Queen Vic
toria street, by which alt questions of
arms and heraldry are decided.
It Is a singular fact that when Welling
ton took his seat in the House of Lords
for the first time, on June 23, 1614, he was
a Baron, a Viscount an Earl, a Marquis
and a Duke all rolled into one. These
dignities had been conferred upon him
from time to time, in their order, by dis
tinct grants for his services during tho
long war with France, and it was only
when, on the overthrow of Napoleon, the
last and highest patent of nobility was be
stowed, that ho was able to take his seat
In the House of Lords. The combined fees
which Wellington had to pay for the Ave
pitents of nobility amounted to $3250.
A peer must wear the robes of his- rank
in tho peerage on his Introduction to the
House of Lords. These robes aro made of
scarlet cloth slashed with ermine, the
wearer's rank In the peerage being denot
ed by the number of bars of white fur
which traverse the robe back and front
A Duke displays four bars of ermine, a
Marquis 3, an Earl three, a Viscount
two and a Baron one. Each robe costs
betweon $200 and $250.
Then there is the coronet The occasions
are rare upon which peers are called upon
to wear their crowns. They were, however,
displayed by the nobles assembled at the
coronation of the King in Westminster
Abbey. The coronet of each rank of the
peerage consists of a cap of crimson vel
vet turned up with ermine and surmount
ed by a gold taeseL It Is In the design of
the coronet's outer circle of gold and sil
ver that the various orders of nobility are
distinguished. A Baron's coronet has a
plain circle of gold surmounted by six sil
ver balls. The circle of gold in a Vis
count's coronet Is Jeweled, and there are 12
silver balls. From the jeweled circle of
gold in an Earl's coronet rise eight points,
also of gold, upon each of which there Is a
silver ball, and between each point close
to tne circle, is a gold strawberry leaf.
The coronet of the Marquis has a row of
silver balls, placed not on points, but on
the circle of gold, and between each Is a
gold strawberry leaf; and a Duke's coro
net has a wreath of gold strawberry
leaves over tho Jeweled circle of gold.
The goldsmiths' charge for making a cor
onet ranges from 450 guineas.
Among other expenses of a peer are a
fee of $50 to the College of Arms for a
grant of arms, a tax of 2 guineas a year
for displaying these armorial bearings on
his carriage and a further tax of about
$5 a year for engraving them on his pri
vate note-paper.
FUTURE OF CHINESE TRADE.
New York Times.
The two distinguished Chinamen who
were received so cordially on our shores
on Saturday both express confidence in
the nappy influence of the recent treaty
between China and Great Britain on the
extern il trade of the Celestial Empire,
and both predict that the treaty would
be firmly and successfully enforced in
China. The most immediately Important
provision of the treaty is that which
abolished the "likin." or taxes collected
at tho frontier of each province on all
trade. These have been the source of
great profit and power to the Viceroys of
the different provinces, and their chief re
liance for revenue, with which they have
malntalnod their separate armies and
courts.
Prince Chen remarked that "there will,
of course, be much opposition to the aboli
tion of tho duties, but where the interests
of the empire are concerned the criticisms
of a few persons cannot be considered,"
which Is a more masterful tono with ref
erence to the great mandarins than has
been customary. Sir Lian-Chen-Tung,
who la to succeed Wu Ting Fang as Am
bassador at Washington In January, pre
dicted that the treaty "would revolution
ize commerce In China," and added, "al
though It Is likely that the people In the
Interior will rebel against this abolish
ment (of the llkln taxes). I think that the
American merchants will see that we are
able to enforce our laws." The opposition
will probably bo less than has been ex
pected. Sir James Mackay, the very able
British Commissioner, has provided In the
treaty that tho Viceroys shall actually
recelve as much from the honestly ad
ministered customs duties as they former
ly got from tho llkln, and all the more in
fluential of the Viceroys are reported to
be warm supporters of the treaty.
This country Is greatly Interested in the
outcome. Great Britain, with her cus
tomary breadth of view In such matters,
has agreed that any of the powers shall
have the same privileges as she obtains by
simply accepting the treaty, which, of
course, tho United States will do so far
as conditions permit The abolition of the
"likin" is accompanied by the opening of
the waterways of the empire to trade, and
by large extensions of the rights of for
eigners In the exploitation of mineral re
sources, and by marked Improvements in
the administration of civil Justice. The
external trade of China Is much exag
gerated In tho public mind Its total Is
less than $250,000,000, or, per capita, about
one-thirtieth that of this country while
Its Internal trade is relatively far mort
Insignificant, but it is capable of a good
deal of development which tho new treaty
sensibly promotes.
Quarrels In the Arctic Seas.
Rocheser Democrat and Chronicle.
Probably the true explanation of the
failure of the Baldwln-ZIegler expedition
and removal of the captain commanding
the America Is to be found in the strong
tendency to quarrel among men shut up
together" in the Arctic regions. The his
tory of Arctic exploration is full of In
stances of bitter quarrels among officers
and men under circumstances which called
for moderation and hearty support The
influence of the long Arctic night upon
tho minds of men is moat serious, next to
the physical obstacles In the way of
polar expeditions. On his last expedition
to the North, Dr. Kan a shot at a man
who was deserting the ship to Join the
Eskimos, and the event was followed by
a controversy after the return of the ex
pedition. As It was a case of desertion
Dr. Kano was fully Justified, although the
deserter claimed that the ship was in such
a desperate condition that he had the
right to leave and seek his own safety.
The quarrels on the Greely expedition are
matters of recent experience. Wise gov
ernments will dismiss such quarrels for
the reisons we have given.
Meeting.
Christina Georglana Rossettl.
They made the chamber sweet with flowers
and leaves, '
And the bed sweet with flowers on which I
lay;
While my soul, love-bound, lolterd on Its
way.
I did not hear the birds about the eaves,
Nor hear tb reapers talk among the sheaves;
Only my .soul kept watch from day to day.
My thirsty soul kept watch for one away
Perhaps he loves, I thought, remembers,
grieves.
At length there came tho step upon the stair.
Upon the look the old familiar hand;
Then first my spirit seem'd to scent the air
Of ParadUe: then first the tardy s&nd
Of time ran golden; and I felt my hair
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Now for a site for tho oil tanks. But
don't forget the Fair.
This is weather which seems to make
one's Panamas cost more than they
really did.
The Grand Lodge of Elks has thrown
out carnivals. Perhaps It wouldn't If It
had first attended the Portland CarnlvaL
If Bryan really desires to be a private
citizen, what makes him shout from tho
housetops? Why doesn't he come oft the
roof?
Thank goodness, natural law punishes
automobile fiends better than does civil
law. Would It were equally so with
bike fiends.
The biggest ship in the world Is the
Kaiser Wllhelm II. According to tho
Kaiser's own estimate of himself the
name la a good one.
The only real objection a girl makes
to a man's Inducements comes when she
discovers he knows she hasn't been ob
jecting as she pretended.
"A foot of Oregon soil is worth an acre
of any other," says Governor-elect Cham
berlain. He is paying a compliment in
exchange for one Oregon paid him last
June.
Breathes there the man with soul so
dead who never to himself has saldt
This Is my own. my own Fair site, my
Interests only aro In sight?
The Fair site is to be chosen Septem
ber 12. Once upon a timo that dato
seemed far off. Now It Is nearer than
we thought it would be for a long time.
"How tempus does fugltl"
The Oregon Editorial Association has
adjourned. Since we noticed no deter
ioration in the newspapers while its mem
bers were away, perhaps we shall notice
no improvement after they get back.
The office of Collector of Customs
of the Washington-Alaska district will
be located at Tacoma. not Seattle. It
apears, therefore, that the office was es
tablished not for commercial considera
tions of boodle, but simply for the in
terests of the department.
The Boer generals are received by the
British with acclaim. Next they will re
pair to Holland and meet Kruger. The
old man may go to his Bible as he used
to do, but he will find only one text left
to preach to his erstwhile generals:
"Take heed to thyself, lest thou make
a covenant with tho Inhabitants of the
land whither thou goest. lest it be for a
snare In the midst of thee."
The last Legislature of Oregon ordered
the State Land Board to lend out the
irreducible school land fund at 6 per cent
Interest The Jaw is inoperative because
6 per cent is not obtainable on safe se
curity. Here Is a lesson with 99 full
treatises on fiat Cannot tho sovereign,
will of tho State of Oregon lend money
at 6 per cent; or. In commerce. Is the
sovereign law the law of commerce?
Caution: Never turn down a reporter.
If you would be rid of him, dismiss him
civillv. but never turn him down. Re
member, you aro not talking to . one who
Is as an individual, but to one who is
as a newsgatherer for the public; there
fore do not attempt to browbeat him or
quibble. Tho way you treat a reporter
will return to you in the same coin with
Interest Wise men have learned this
long ago. Little minds have It yet to
learn.
Eastern people, by hundreds of thou
sands, are Ignorant of tho Lewis and
Clark Fair and never heard of the first
explorers of Oregon. They intimate that
the fault of their Ignorance can hardly
be theirs If these' men aro as famous as
represented, and they aro inclined to
ascribe the fault to Oregon. But would
Oregon bo blamed for Ignorance about
other great characters in the world's
history, such as Thales. Job, Hannibal
or John Churchill? In their sphere
Lewis and Clark are correspondingly
great It behooves Easterners, there
fore, not to vaunt their Ignorance.
"Tho lawyer lives and studies In the
past," declared Gompers. "While big
faced, physically formed, ho 13 mentally
In the dark ages." These words, al
though carrying a sentiment 'that Is too
radically expressed, nevertheless repre
sent a strong truth. Law, tradition and
custom have always been tho safeguard
of tho common weal, but they have been
bound with iron bands which the people
have always had to struggle to expound.
This struggle continues and always will
continue. If the three repressing forces
are reasonably pliant and yielding there
Is no serious trouble. If they refuse
to yield, rupture and explosion follow.
PANAMA, Aug. 16. This city was
thrown Into a panic today by tho report
that the rebel gunboat Prodigioso Fatuo
was off tho harbor. But Governor
Salagar had private advices that tha
Fatuo was harmless and so dispatched
the gunboat Loco Foco In puruslt- Tha
people ashore meanwhile were In great
trepidation lest the battle between the
boats might stir up a tidal wavo and
turn Mount Coaxtopothcotl Into a vol
cano. After a timo the Loco Foco re
turned saying the Fatuo was only a
launch, but that it had escaped. Tha
citizens here are highly elated, but Insur
gent sympathizers are correspondingly
chagrined-
PLEASANTRIES OFPARAGBAPHERg
An Expert-"We have an expert to pump
th. orianat our church now." "Do you mean
lott h is a muslcianr "No: he', a milk
man." Judge.
"Three knots an hour Isn't such bad tlm
'or a clergyman." smilingly said the minister
ihtailffjust after ho had united tho third
couple. Tit-Bits.
A Choice of Evils. Constance I am going
out in Algy launch. Fenelope-But naphtha
launches are very dangerous I Constance-1
know It. But Algy gave mo the choice of
either going out with him on his naphths
launch or bis sailboat. Puck.
Relative Importance. "And you really think
that the political boss of your party Is a
greater man than Henry Clay?" "Well." an
swered the candidate. "I don't exactly say he's,
greater. But he has a great deal more- In
fluence with the people with whom I am doing
business at present." Washington Star.
The Terror of the Sea. "Save us! Save uaf'
shriek tho bathers, rushing- to shore. Think
Ing that the' sea serpent has appeared, the ho
tel proprietors and newspaper men rush to tin
beach, armed with cameras and pencils. But
the elation turns to alarm when it Is seen thai
the object of terror Is Mr. it Jeerpolnt Por
gan. who has arrived In bis cruiser, and or
dered the bathers out of his ocean. Baltlmor
American.
The CircM-Day Parade.
James Whltcomb Riley.
Oh! tho circus-day parade! How tha buglas
played and played!
And how the glossy horses tossed their floasj
manes and selgbd.
As the rattle and the rhyme of the tenor-drum.
mers time
Filled all the hungry hearts of us with zaalodj