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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 16, 1902)
6 THE MORNIKG QKEGOjnIAN. SATURDAY, 'ATJGTJST 16, , liK)2, Entered at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, a second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage-prepaid, in Advance Dally, with Sunday, per month $ 85 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year 7 60 Daily, with Sunday, per year 0 00 Sunday, per year 2 00 The Weekly, per year 1 50 The Weekly. 3 months 50 To City Subscribers Dally, p-r week, dellvered.'Sunday exccpted.l5c Bally, per week, -delivered; Sunday included.20c POSTAGE' RATES. "United States. Canada and Mexico: 10 to 14-pago paper... ...-.1 34 to 28-page paper.. 2 Porelgn rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication in The Oregonlan should be addressed invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name or any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscriptions or to any business matter Should be addressed trfmply "The Oregonlan. Eastern Business Office. 43, 44. 45. 4.. -.8. Tribune building. New York City: G10112 Tribune building. Chicago: the S. C. Beckwltn Special Agency, Eastern representative. For sale in San Francisco by L. E. Lee. Pal ace Hotel news stand: Goldsmith Bros.. -B Sutter street; F. IV. Pitts. 100S Market street; J. K. Cooper Co., 746 Market street, near tne Palace Hotel: Foster & Orear. Ferry news stand; Frank Scott. SO Ellis street, and Wheatley, 813 Mission street. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 259 South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 305 South Spring street. For sale In Kansas City, Mo., by Rtcksecker Cigar Co.. Ninth and "Walnut streets. For sale la Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonaia. 63 Washington street. ' For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros.. 1612 Faraam street: Megeath Stationery Co.. 1303 Farnam street. , For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake Nevis Co.. 77 West Second South street. For sale In Minneapolis by R. G. Hearsey & Co.. 24 Third street South. . ,. For sale in Washington, D. C by the Ebbett House news stand. , For sale In Denver. Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrick, 900-012 Seventeenth street; Loutha? & Jackson Book & Stationery Co 16th and Lawrence streets; A. Series. Sixteenth and Curtly streets. , TODAY'S WEATHER Showers. Warmer. South to west winds. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature. CO dog.; minimum temperature, -68 dcg.; no precipitation. PORTLAND, SATUDAY, AUGUST XG. THE IOWA RESOLVES. The demand of. the Republicans of Iowa for tariff reform, as eet forth in their state platform, gains force as a subject of political interest Leading party journals which, at the time of the Cedar Rapids convention, treated this demand as a trivial incident, are return ing to its consideration- with broader views. Plainly the Iowa declaration hae made a profound impression upon the country, and has been the means of bringing to the surface a sentiment within the party unsuspected on the part of Eastern leaders. Men like Hanna, Payne, Lodge and even Pair banks, it appears, have not until just now discovered that there is in the rank and file of the party a widespread feel ing of dissatisfaction, with a" tariff ! scheme which at many points plays Into ! the hands of the great trusts and which, in many of its operations, betrays the I sinister motives of its organization. The Iowa resolves appear to have in formed them for the first time that there is a powerful body of "plain peo ple" who do not take their political ideas wholly from authority and who cannot he depended upon to follow the party flag wherever it may lead with a stupid and fatuous. devotion. There ought to be no surprise at the position of the Iowa Republicans, and there is none on the part of those who have taken note of the progress of events during the past two years and who have a sufficient understanding of the "Western mind to comprehend its workings. "We say there should be no surprise, for it could hardly be other wise than that the people should be impressed with the combination of events which have exposed some of the more conspicuously sinister points In our tariff scheme. Take the organiza tion and operations of the eteel trust as a notable Instance; there is here pre sented the spectacle of a great organ Ism with an enormous basis of fictitious capital, earning an unreasonable profit upon this, fictitious capital, at the same time discriminating in the prices which it fixes upon its output against the American buyer and in favor of the for eign buyer, all the while enjoying great advantages under the protective sys tem. Take, too, the personal case of Mr. Carnegie, whose superfluous and unearned wealth was gained under this same scheme of protection. Take again the case of the sugar trust, with its enormous and illegitimate profits, of which a mere fraction expended cor ruptly enables it to mold legislation to Its purpose and defeat the solemn en gagements of the American Govern ment These instances, with many oth ers which it would be tedious to name. are like a house set upon a hill which cannot be hid. They stand in persistent testimony of abuses which, in one form or another, are an injury to every tax payer. Furthermore, they Incite by their manifest injustice the resentment which the American public always feels rain3t conditions morally wrong. It lis impossible that these abuses should not under the exposures of the past two years gain and hold public attention and arouse a widespread an tagonistic sentiment; and it is as little possible as it is desirable that this sen tlment should be limited to the party of opposition. It is the strength of the Re publican party now, as in times past that It is quick to see the practical and moral faults of its own policies, and that Its irresistible tendency is toward their correction through inside initia tive. The movement lrr Iowa for there is a genuine tariff reform movement there proceeds from this basis. It seeks, as this platform made by earnest Republicans plainly declares, to so re form the tariff laws as to break down such support as they give to the great trusts, to weed out from the tariff schedules those provisions which have been Intruded there by the hand of selfishness or corruption. The effort Is a large cne, and a thing quite Impossi ble unless the sentiment of the party can be actively engaged; but the effect of the Iowa resolves already is such as to give hope of feuccess Party lead ers are plainly aroused; party newspa pers which first passed the resolutions by as having no significance have al ready discovered their mlsfake; a step which seemed in advance of the time and out of the line of the party spirit and purpose gains Increasing approval from the Republican multitude every where and in Iowa excites 'contention among party leaders for the honor of its advancement. These manifestations are significant They Indicate plainly enough that there exists within the party an earnest pur pose to so reform the tariff as to drive from Its shelter the trusts and the grafts that have rooted their projects in it The force of this purpose Is not yet fully manifest, for Iowa alone of the states hae given voice to It, but no man who notes the signs of the times can fall of conviction that when the Issue is raised natipnally it will exhibit a surprising and overwhelming strength. It will -seek naturally to work out the desired reform through the Republican party, and If It fails in this effort it will seek other channels of operation. It may take a little time, for the un exampled prosperity of the country will be an aid to the forces of conservatism; but in the end tariff reform is bound to come, and It ought to come through the Republican party, which alone seems capable of definite and perma nent political achievements. SHOULD PORTLAND PACK MEATT The letter of President O'Shea, of the Union Meat Company, which appears on another page, gives further light on the packing-house question in Portland. It" calls attention to the very patent fact that the Government statistics did not credit Portland . with the business of the Union Meat Company, whose plant is located at Troutdale, about ssventeen mlles-away. Of course, the Union Meat Company is a Portland institution, and Its business may properly be credited to this city; but in observance of the In elastic lines bounding statistical mat ters it Is rigid accuracy too rigid, it may be rather than error to exclude Troutdale hogs from those passing Into or through Portland. But this does not touch the real ques tion. Add, if you please the 18,000 hogs slaughtered at Troutdale to the Port land figures. That will make Portland's receipts for the year 1900 45,225 hogs, 20,015 if which were shipped out again. It la not to be said that these were unfit animals, for most of them Were taken to Puget Sound and there packed, mak ing a satisfactory and merchantable product And that same year about 20,000 more -hogs went out of "Western Oregon to the San Francisco market The pertinent question Is, "Why were not these animals cqnverted Into bacon, hams and lard here? We raised the hogs and had to ship them to distant packing-houses; we needed the bacon, ham and lard for local consumption, and had to Import them from the East ern packing centers. "What were Port land packers doing all this time? "We give credit to Mr. O'Shea's figures and deem It not open to question that Portland (when Troutdale 19 included) did not go backward In the decade 1890-1900, but did go forward as a hog market. But this does not solve the problem now before us. The Increase, when all the circumstances are consld- I ered, has been so pitifully small that ik m u wis; auus me point oi ine ar gument. Here lies the vast Columbia Basin, which has no superior as a hog produclng country, ready to pour an enormous supply into Portland. Here are the consumers for whom tralnload after Jralhload of pork products are dragged across the mountains every year. And. there Is the growing Alaska demand and the increasing trade be yond the Pacific It Is demonstrated in dollars and cents that Portland's ad vantages as a packing center, both for getting the livestock and marketing the product are materially greater than any other Pacific port And yet a large part of the livestock that enters Port land goes to packing-houses elsewhere, and large numbers of animals that ought to reach this market go else where because of the slack demand here for packing-house stock. From Mr. O'Shea's statement of his hog purchases It would appear that the Union Meat Company is not able to buy as cheaply as others in the open mar ket At no time this season have hoes at the Portland stockyards brought more than ?6 75 per 100 pounds, and much of the time the figures have been materially lower. "Why cannot the Union Meat Company buy for- the same price others pay? If it must pay $7.25 when others pay ?6 75 or less, it must be by reason of the "contract" Mr. O'Shea mentions, for the current mar ket will not warrant it It is honorable of Mr. O'Shea to observe the contract though It be against him, but that can hardly be expected to make the market price. The Portland price for hogs is materially below the Omaha price. Ought this to be so? And no importa tions of hogs from the East for Port land packers has been made for at least three years. The reason for previous importations of live hogs, if stockmen are to be believed, are not entirely creditable to Portland packera This is not a matter for rancorous dispute or for finespun argument It Is an Industrial question of great import ance to Portland and to the whole Co lumbia Basin. It is not desired to criti cise specifically Portland meat packers or to say they are not doing the best they can. The facts that cannot be ig nored, however, show that the field for meat-packing will warrant larger oper ations than are now conducted here. The country will welcome and support greater development of this Industry. The producers and dealers In livestock know something about the business, as well as the packers, and the logic of this case is so plain that it does not require technical demonstration. We should be glad, indeed, to see Portland people rise to the occasion and establish a packing industry here that would malce a second Kansas City of the Northwestern metropolis; but if they do not see their way clear to such action. let others come in and do the business that the country needs to have done. Let us expand ourselves, not be content to see expansion In all lines go to our neighbors and rivals. Among recent deaths at a health re sort Is that of Samuel F. Pearson, Pro hibition Sheriff of Cumberland County, Maine, who was a candidate for re election this year. He was a clergy man and temperance lecturer who be lleved when he was elected to office on the Prohibition ticket that the prohibi tion law could be enforced in the City of Portland, in which arrests for drunk enness are more numerous than in cities of larger size In high-license states. He did enforce the law in the shape of wholesale arrests, seizures, fines and imprisonment, but there was no con splcuous abatement of drunkenness In Portland, and propf of the corruption of one of Pearson's deputies was given by him In a sworn confession, and an other was publicly accused. The Pear son crusade broke down like a bank that Is robbed from the Inside by Its officers. Pearson, .who was a sincere. honest enthusiast, was broken by these revelations, broken In health and spirit, and furthermore he had lost confidence in the efficacy of prohibition as a moral agent and in his belief that such a law was really enforceable. He lost his health, his- ardor diminished, 'his sup porters fell off. in numbers, and the ene xxues of prohthiMnn trrew bold ana da. fiant. Pearson had looked forward to becoming in September, 1904, Governor of the State of Malnf. on fbe Prohibi tion ticket, but this project had to be abandoned, and he died at 51 a heart broken, disappointed man. A CURIOUS CAMPAIGN. The biennial election for Governor and minor state officers takes place in Vermont two weeks from Tuesday next. For the first time Elnce 1853 the result of the election is in doubt, not because of Increased Democratic strength, but because of a division in the Republican party over the prohibitory liquor law. Perclval W. Clement, of Rutland, a man of very large wealth and influence, the owner of one of the leading dally Republican organs of the state, the or-, ganlzer of ih new Rutland railway system, a Republican who has served hto town and county in both branches of the State Legislature, has bolted a regular Republican convention and ac cepted an Independent nomination for Governor. The records of the party in Vermont show no such break in Its ranks since its foundation. The Clement bolt rests upon two questions the regulation of the liquor traffic and corruption on part of the Republican party "ring" that has made its nominations of re cent years. The Independent Republi can convention which nominated Mr. Clement W2s largely composed of young men, Including -merchants, mechanics, lawyers, bankers, doctors, and even ministers. A bright young clergyman carried off the honors for oratory in a speech in condemnation of the prohibi tory law under whose nose a dozen bars were selling liquors within sight of, the convention hall. If the Demo cratic convention, which Is high license, had indorsed Mr. Clement's candidacy, he would have easily been elected, but it did not -do so. While Mr. Clement's election Is not probable, it Is not Impossible, but. his election .Is a minor consequence com pared with the fact that the formidable bolt he has organized has not only made a beginning of the end of the prohibi tory law, but It will unseat a most corrupt political ring for many years to come. In his speeches thus far Mr. Clement arraigns, the.corrupt campaign methods of the regular Republican nom inee, and exposes Republican extrava gance in state affairs. He charges di rectly that the Governorship of the state for twenty years past has been little better than a purchasable commodity, and tells his supporters that he has in his possession unquestioned proof of the charges of bribery which he pro poses to make public during the cam paign. The resignation of Ave of the seven members of the regular Repub lican committee of Barre, a town of 9000 people, for the reason that they Intend to support Mr. Clement for Governor, emphasizes the seriousness of the break in the party over the liquor question and the corrupt methods said to have been employed to secure the regular nomination for a rich man who Is more resident of New York than of Ver mont Mr. Clement probably will not win the Governorship, but his vigorous campaign will compel the Republican party to enact a local option law and reform Its corrupt campaign methods. It will mean a vast Increase In inde pendent voting and political action, and three or four moneybags will no longer be permitted biennially to. divide the garments of the state and cast lots for them. The curlouo thing about this remark able campaign Is that Clement, the leader of this- formidable bolt, Is noth ing but a cold, astute, clearheaded man of business. He is a man without a particle of cheap sentiment or gush; he has none of the traits of a reformer about him; he is sincere enough in his contempt for the prohibitory law, but he Is equally hostile to the despotic methods employed by the Republican ring to snuff out the candle of every man of intelligence who has declined to be their tool or fool. United States Senator Proctor, of Vermont, for more than twenty years has been bitterly hostile to Clement In business .and poli tics. The moment that Senator Proc tor's son became a 'candidate for Gov ernor, Clement offered himself as the local option candidate, and obtained so many delegates that Proctor withdrew in favor of McCullough, fearing that in a protracted contest Clement might win. Clement had forced Proctor out of the field, and he was keen enough to see that by making an Independent Republican canvas3 he could still fur ther demoralize and disorganize the mossbacked Republican ring. He knows that, whether he is elected or not, he has become too formidable a political force In his party to be hereafter treat ed with contempt by the ring. He has compelled the Republican State Conven tion to treat his appeal for high license with respect in their resolutions, and his denunciations of the corrupt polit ical methods of the ring have excited the applause of the people of the state. He is a man of unflinching pertinacity of purpose, an able man of affairs, who has bided his time and has finally struck a blow which not only has knocked out prohibition, but has knocked out the sanctimonious leaders of the political ring who are responsl ble for the perpetuation of the prohib Itory' law and the increase of Its perni cious, .unconstitutional abuse of its pow ers and authority. Mr. Clement is no philanthropist, no professional reformer; he is only an able, resolute man of affairs, who has succeeded In making the despotic Re publican ring of his state recognize him as a distinct political force with which It will be obliged to reckon for the. fu ture. His appeal has been made direct to the people in every town, and every where he has attracted large audiences and obtained respectful hearing. He is a man without any gifts of oratory. save clear, logical statement, supported by facts and figures, Just such an ad dress as a man who has been a large marble mine owner, a railway organ izer and manager, and a successful banker, would naturally make. It Is one of the curious revenges of time that a most Important reform in liquor leg islation ana political abuses within his own party should be accomplished by the single efforts of a man who has no Interest, near or remote, In the saloon, who Is not a politician, but it lifelong man of business. The report that Sehater Foraker, of Ohio, is likely to be given the second place on the National Republican ticket wun jttooseveiE in isu is proDaoiy with out foundation. On the face of It It la absurd. Senator Hanna and Foraker have both announced their willingness to support Roosevelt for renomlnatlon. and Senator Foraker could not afford needlessly to antagonize Senator Hanna in. unio ipr election to the vice-Presi 1 denqy, which. exceDt for its very remote 1 nosaibllltv of succession to the Presi dency through the death or hopeless debility of the President, is a very dull and worthless position for a very able and well-equipped lawyer, like Foraker. Foraker and Hanna" do not wish td quarrel, and they are not likely to quar rel when the game Is not worth the can dle. Foraker could hardly afford to sur render his place as a leading' debater on the floor of the Senate for the Vice Presidency. The campaign for Governor of Mis sissippi is in progress. The state has adopted the primary plan, which pro hibits the nomination of any candidate by convention. The candidates are se lected directly by he people at the primary election. Under the primary law no provision is made for the adop tion of a. platform. No committee, con vention or other body of men Is author ized to. speak for the, people, either In the way of naming candidates -or in enunciating party principles. The can didates simply stump the state and lay their views beforje the people. The se lection of the candidates means the 'in dorsement of the "particular views of the successful men. There are three candidates thus far in the field. The success of Senator Noel, author of the present primary law, will mean the ex tension of the principles that all polit ical power should come direct from the people, and his election means the ex tension by Mississippi of a system of radical democracy, such as prevails in some of the Swiss cantons. Editor Var den makes his campaign for Governor upon his demand for a division. of the school funds between whites and ne groes cn the basis of the taxes paid by them. This would result In closing nine-tenths of the negro schools and the consignment of the negro race to illit eracy. The poorer whites approve this project, but the better classes of people strongly oppose It The planters say that any hostile legislation of this sort will probably drive their negro labor out of the state. Attorney-General Mc Clurg, the third candidate for Gover nor, has been very active In attacking the trusts In Mississippi, and on this Issue makes his fight Failure of the extradition warrant for Gaynor and Greene will not help their standing before the public. None of the considerations that justify resistance to extradition appear In this case except the very common one that the defend ants are afraid of justice. In some in stances, such a that of ex-Governor Taylor, who fled from Kentucky to es cape persecution for the Goebel as sassination, and others where prejudices are Inflamed to the extent that there Is reasonable doubt of Justice, there may be good ground for resistance of extra dition, but In all other cases such ac tion Is ascribed to guilt And in the case of Gaynor and Greene, who must have made large use of money In re taining the services of counsel very- close to the Canadian Government In their stubborn fight against return to the United States, the public Is much Inclined to view their action as confes sion of guilt Fugitives from justice they have long been. Their punishment s Inevitably great, whether adminis tered by the hand of the law or not; but It Is a source of regret that these men escape the penalty that their co-con spirator In fraud. Captain Carter, is now undergoing. It Is to be hoped that some means will yet be found for get ting them to trial In this country. The declaration of President Mellcn that he expected the commission men and ships to absorb the rail reduction In grain rates that went Into effect yes terday from the Upper Columbia Valley we do not think warranted by the cir cumstances of the case. When vessel charters are high there Is a wide mar gin between the Liverpool price of wheat and the price paid to the grower. When charters are low, there is corre sponding reduction in that margin. The same rule applies to rail freights. Whatever the freight rate may be, by water or by rail, the producer pays it. The English market will be the same whether the cost of carriage from Walla Walla be 20 or 40 cents a bushel. And It is a fact that low freights benefit the producer, not the consumer, on a commodity like wheat, that has the world for Its market. It does not en tirely escape notice that Mr. Hanna ford, vice-president and trafflc manager of the Northern Pacific, does not agree with his chief as to where the benefit of the new grain rate will rest He says It will go to the consumer, and there can be no room to doubt It. There is already In progress in a quiet way In Iowa a contest for the Senatorial seat now held by Mr. Allison and which will not, In the ordinary course of events, be vacant until March, 1909. Mr. Allison has given out that the term which begins next March will be his lat, so the politicians of the state feel themselves at liberty to make their calculations upon the understand ing of his retirement. The contest la factional rather than personal, for no candidates as yet figure in it. Governor Cummins, George E. Roberts, Director of the Mint and Senator Dolllver form one coterie or faction, and Secretaries Shaw and Wilson and Speaker Hender son form the other, each seeking so to lay the wires as to control the election for some man of Its own choice when the vacancy shall come. The fact is a curious one, illustrating the extraor dinary energy of the Iowa political life', and it Is more curious still from the fact that perfect good will appears to exist among the rival manipulators. who at many points of state policy work In entire harmony. Catholicism Is gaining ground in Ger many. According to the census of the German Empire for 1900, the German Protestants between 1S90 and 1900 gained 13.6 per cent, while the Roman Catholics gained In the same period 15 per cent. The German Protestants numbered 35,231,104, while' the Roman Catholics numbered 20,327,913. While the Protestants are today well In the majority, the same rate of Increase on the part of .the Roman Catholics for a century would extinguish the Protestant numerical superiority. While Oregon will celebrate Septem ber 1 as Labor day, the farmers of the Walla Walla. Valley will observe It as Straw day. That Is, they will spread newly harvested straw on the country roads so as to enable the grain teams to haul large loads, the dust at this season of the year .being uncomfort ably deep. Between 200 and 300 miles of those roads will be treated in that manner. This exhibits a commendable public spirit, and Is a wholesome move to make the best of things. BRIGHTER FUTURE FOR CUBA- Washington special (August 10) to Chicago Tribune. Cuba's industrial depression, tne bank ruptcy of Its treasury. and the proba bility of the United States prohibiting the proposed bond lssuo of $35,000,000 add great Interest to the conclusions of Pro fessor Victor S. Clark, of the Bureau of Labor, who has investigated the labor and economic conditions of the Island. Speaking of trade relations and prosper ity. Professor Clark saysi "The commercial prosperity of the Isl and and the betterment of tne condition of the laboring classes do not seem to be imperiled by the establishing of an independent government How far the economic welfare of the Island will be dependent upon the creation of reciprocal trade relations with other nations can not now be determined. For more than 50 years sugar has been the dominant factor In Cuba's prosperity. Sugar has been as much king In Cuba as cotton Is king In the South or wheat in the North west "While the tobacco exports are at times equally valuable, the receipts from this crop are not so widely distributed throughout the Island, and the ramifica tions of this Industry are not so closely interwoven with the texture of all other business. But If in the future cano cul ture is to prove profitable only when subject to foreign favor, the more Im portant this Industry becomes the more will the independence of any govern ment that exists in the Island be com promised. The conditions of 1902 may re occur at any time. "There is a distinction, to be sure, be tween political and economic dependence, and Cuba Is not a wholly free country. But this does not affect the outcome. If she does subordinate her political to hr economic Interests, and this seems to de pend at present on whether or not the United States gives her an opportunity to do so. she will thrive commercially, but her government will be only nominally Independent The growth of the industry she fosters will make her more and more a satellite of the United States. The stability, perhaps the existence, of her own government will be settled In the ways and means committee. But In this close connection with our own country Cuban labor will undoubtedly prosper. "If. on the other hand. It should nrovo pos.siblo to produce sugar profitably with out reciprocity agreements," says Pro fessor Clarke, "as it may in time and quite probably will under the Brussels convention. Cuba will develop her cane culture, .and her government, exercising as it becomes established, more and more Independent powers, may find It possible to foster other Industries with a view to making the nation more self-sustaining, and thus create a wider field for employ ment and Increase the prosperity of the laboring class. But should the growing of cane prove unprofitable without reci procity advantages, and should no treaties of this kind be made, there will doubtless bo some years of depression In the Cuban labor market, until new In dustries can be built up to take the place of the one destroyed. "Cuba would not go Into bankruptcy by any means, but this would prove a severe strain upon the young government Grazing, frultralslng, and banana plant ing would probably be, the recourse of her planters. The unemployed peasantry would retreat to their yam and plantain ' patches, and the general standard of liv ing throughout the country would be lowered. "But this third outcome of the present economic crisis In Cuba does not seem likely to occur. With. the transforma tion now taking place in methods of pro duction, Cuba can probably sell sugar at a profit Her natural advantages assure her economic future." The capacity of the Cuban for self- Kovernment Is still undetermined. He has not yet been proved guilty of Incom petency In this direction. ' It tosk the United States several years, tnougn eulded throuKh the first steps of Inde pendent national existence by one of the wisest and firmest .of leaders, to establish Its fitness to survive. So far as the character and Intelligence of her people and her natural opportunities are con cerned. Cuba has not an equal prospect of success, but she has the great ad vantage of the political lessons to be learned from a cpntury of growing self government In other countries. The Cubans are sometimes repre sented as a turbulent and lawless people. Nothing could be further from the fact They are docile, gentle, almost euemi- natc. One would quite expect tneir uii senslons to borrow more features from the sewing circle than from the forum or the battlefield. The Americans In Havana- were a source of more disorder hnn tho. native population. The native born are In proportion to' their numbers the most law-abiding element of the Isl and's people. "Unless they belle their past hlstory and their present traits, the Cubans will conduct bloodless, though exciting, politi cal campaigns. If the conservative ele ment remains in power there Is no good reason to believe that Cuba will not have tho best government of any Spanish American country, with the possible ex ceptions of Chilo and Mexico. But the problem of administration will not be so complicated as it is in Mexico, and there are no pressing foreign questions react ing acutely upon domestic politics, such as may at any time disturb the equilib rium of the government of Chile. ' The Diseases of Alaska. New York Sun. An English physician has lately reported on the diseases prevalent In Alaska, after a residence of 16 months In the country. There are two seasons. Winter, the sea son of pack-ice; Summer, the season of swamps. The Winter, lasts for nine months, the Summer for three. Among ...!r. -mni.trilPQ eerebro-sDlnal-meningltls is Very, prevalent, sometimes fn epidemic, sometimes in sporadic wnu, n difficult to distinguish from the ccrebal form of typhoid. Scorbutus Is also wide spread. Rheumatism is frequent and usually takes the neuralgic type; Inflam matory rheumatism Is rare. Pneumonia Is almost unknown, strange to say. Affec tions of the digestion are very frequent, owing to poor food: nervous diseases, such as locomotor ataxia, etc., are also frequent Alcoholism and the like are prevalent due to the ennui of the long winter, but, on the whole, Intemperance Is less harmful In Alaska than In more southern climates. Insanity is by no mejins rare, and it declares itrelf most frequently In Winter, owing to ennui, ab sence of occupation, lack of exercise and Isolation. Its usual form Is acute melan cholia, almost always followed by acute mania. Suicidal mania Is also frequent Taken altogether, the catalogue of Alaskan diseases Is a long one and Indi cates that a vigorous physique- and morale Is required to resist them. A Cnrlonn Fraud. London Post. A singularly Impudent attempt at what one can only term a fraud was perpe trated a few days ago. Some prints were offered for sale to an entirely inexper ienced person at a considerable price. They were described as genuine Impres sions by Bartolozzl. but were, in fact, prints from half-tone process blocks, clev erly colored and a little stained. They had been mounted and framed In black, and the backs stuck down with leaves from a French ISth century ' book. Of course, to an experienced eye the deception was Immediately appar ent but many people do not know ono process of Illustration from another and might easily rely on the appearance of nge and the good faith of the seller. Fortunately In the case under notice no harm was done, as the would-be purchaser took -advice before closing the barsraln. EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH. New York Times. The slight tendency to criticism It could not be called opposition manifested in the South toward the work of the Southern Education Board, appears pretty much to have disappeared. What there was of it was due. we think, mainly to misunderstanding, or failure to understand, the purpose and methods of the board. This has been dispelled, as the work has proceeded, and the organization has begun to show direct activity. Probably the most effective Influence In this direction was provided at the great Summer School of the South, held In Knoxville. Tenn. Some 1700 teacners and school officers, from every state in the South, were as sembled there, and the plans of the South ern Education Board were fully explained and acutely discussed by Southern men. The result was that a "declaration of prin cipled" war unanimously adopted. In per fect harmcny with the principles of the board, and Including the following state ment: We express our hearty appreciation of the noble work of the Southern and general educa tion boards, which, by their earnest sympathy .and generous means, have made possible this great Summer school of the South and In nu merous other ways are strengthening the pa trlotlc efTorts of the Southern people to Im prove their educational conditions. The essential feature of the policy con tained In this- declaration Is thus ex pressed: We must recognize conditions and frankly face them. We therefore declare ourselves In favor of a public-school system, state sup ported and state directed. In which even child may have the open door of opportunity. What little indication of disapproval there was in the South rose from the In terpretation of this clause. The reason ing that was used seems to have been something like this: "The open door of opportunity" Is to be "for every child." That means black and white alike, and the next step will be to mixed schools, and so to social equality. Of course, the in terpretation is -strained. It Is the opin ion ot these Southern teachers that all children should have the opportunity for schooling, but not necessarily for the same schooling and not at all necessarily for schooling In the same classes. The schooling in any case Is to be "state supported and state-directed," and It Is not to oe supposed that the state governments will fall to respect the sentiment of the people In a matter of this sort. The view ot the tcachere is that all that Is danger ous In the colored race Is made more dan gerous, by Ignorance, Incapacity for work. Idleness, superstition, and want of self respect. This danger may be reduced by schooling which Includes training work and tends to the building up of character. However, if the people of any district do not feel with the teachers, there Is no in tention and there could be no power to compel them to act against their own sen timent. An Interesting point In the declaration of the Southern teachers was the follow ing, which might with advantage be studied In many a Northern community: Teaching should be a profession, and not a stepping-stone to something else. We there fore stand for the highest training of teach ers, and urge the school authorities ot every state to encourage those who wish to make the educating ot children a life profession. Wo call upon the people to banish forever politics and nepotism from the public schools, and to establish a system In which, from the humblest teacher to the ofllce of State Super intendent, merit shall be the touchstxme. Ble Fees of Surgeons. London Chronicle. The coronation baronetcy conferred on Sir Frederick Treves will not be the great surgeon's only reward for his successful convoyance of the King "out ot danger." For his four weeks' attendance at Sand rlngham and recovery of the King from typhoid fever In 1S71 Sir William Gull re ceived 10,000, as well as the dignity ot baronet Twice this amount was paid to Sir Morell Mackenzie for his treatment of the late Emperor Frederick and in addi tion he was presented with tne uraer oi the Red Eagle. The doctors who attended Queen Victoria In her last illness received 2000 guineas each, while Dr. Lapponl's skill In removing a cyst from the pope's side a few years ago was recompensed with 500. But the record In medical fees Is held by the ancestor of the present Lord Mayor of London, Dr. DImsdale, who received for his journey to St Petersburg and vaccination ot the Em press Catherine II 10,000 as his fee. 5000 for traveling expenses, and also the title of baron "and a life pension of 500 a year. Spoiled a Deed of Heroism. "Uncle," said little Johnny, "tell me how you charged with your war horse up the San Juan hill at the head of your troops." "Well." said the battle-scarred veteran, "I mounted the fiery animal, drew my sword from Its scabbard, rose In my stir rups, cried 'Forward I and sunk the epurs deep in the quivering flanks of my gal lant steed."' "Yes!" exclaimed the boy breathlessly. "Go on, uncle. Tell me the rest of It." "There Isn't any more to tell, Johnny," said his uncle, with a pensive sigh. "The horse balked." Had Him There. "Jack, what are you going to be In the next world?" "A sailor, yer reverence same as I am now." "But are we not told there shall be 'no more sea'?" "Mebby so, yer reverence; but there'll be a lake." And Conldn't Get ArvayT Girl with the Gibson Girl Neck (who had Just returned from a seaside resort) Yes. there we're two young men there. Girl with the Julia Marlowe Dimple (who couldn't afford to go) Cripples? PERSONS WOItTH KNOWING ABOUT. x-Congre;sman Stephenson, of Michigan. has dropped out of politics, and employs all his time on his .farm of 1000 acres, which Is one of the finest In the state. Mrs. Carter H. Harrison, wife of the Mayor of Chicago, has written a book of fairy talcs It has been known for some time that she had some literary work In hand, but she deprecated any suggestions that she was an author." M. HafTaelll, an Impressionist artist of Paris, says he has discovered a system of painting with solid sticks of oil color, giving all the effects of pastel drawings and also solidarity of texture. He claims that it will revolu tionize the entire system of painting and greatly simplify the art. Ex-Senator Turple la passing his de cllnlng. years in a comfortable house In In dlanapolls. Ind. It .has been said that the venerable ex-Senator Is engaged Income liter ary work, but this he denies. H said re cently: "I am not at home to Interviewers. I have retired. It seems to me that the news paper of today, while admirable In many re spects, while It Is a great educator of the people, gives too much space to Interviews upon trivial subjects. It was quite different 25 or more years ago. The interviewer then was usually a man of skill, address, literary merit and conversant with affairs. His sub jects, were topics of moment. There are few such Interviewers now, .and they seem lost among the commonplace." Among the many whose work has been dis organized by the Illness ot King Edward Is Edwin Abbey. R. A., the American artist, who Is to paint the coronation picture. He nau aireaay visuea v esiminsier ADDey on severer occasions and made rough sketches. with the object of working out a scheme of treatment for what he desires to be a historic picture, designed, as It Is, for Buckingham Palace. Mr. Abbey is quoted as saying that he was beginning to see his way to accom pllsh what he wanted when the news came of the postponement of the coronation. At first, he says, there was some confusion at the rehearsals. People naturally did not know their parts, and there was consequently much prompting. Gradually, however, order was evolving out of chaos, and things were going better. Mr. Abbey received his com mission to paint the coronation picture a year since, direct from the 'King himself. He does not expect to finish it for fully IS months , after he starts upon It NOTE AND COMMENT. Pessimism Is only safeguarded optim ism. The flreboat project Is waiting for the next fire. Many a man who expounds Ideas has Impounded them from somebody else. Foraker Is named for Vice-President If he really desires It. he will decline it Mayor Williams doe3 business like a man who Is not a candidate for re-election. Although Salt Lake Is said to be going dry, there will probably be enough for the Elks. Hops, all reports say. never looked bet ter. We should think not. at 20 cents a pound, or thereabouts. We trust there are net too many states men in the next Legislature. Oregon needs some things done. Hanna says the report of his retirement was a Joke. We suspected this, for it was too good to be true. "All work done without pain" Is said to be the standing advertisement of the Central American revolutions. A convention of editors Is having a gay time at Newport. But Juckily the active editors are at home gettins out the news paper. It's a gocd thing the fair board does not have to pay for all the advice It gets, ejse what would become of that $330,000 fund? The trust problem is said to be a deep one. This will be a. surprise to those of us who have an easy way for dealing with them. . Rival candidates for Congress down In South Carolina got Into a fight the other day, but Mayor Schmltz hasn't been heard, from. Since Bryan has heard that the party has "no man," he has revised what ho meant The party will not be without a man If he can help it They say the Democratic party is to be reorganized. The outward form of re organization Is easy. But what miracle can create a soul under the ribs of death? Who is behind the Coos Bay Railroad Is said to be none of the public's busi ness. Let's see. The railroad will be In Oregon, won't It. and the United States? How far oft Is Russia? Governor Gecr said he would let tho people decide whether an extra session of the Legislature is needed or not. Since the people haven't thought It worth while to decide, luckily or unluckily, he Is spared the trouble. The Columbia River salmon pack seems to be returning toward the record of 630,000 cases for one season. Those per sons whose devotion to hatcheries won them public criticism now come in for their reward. And if they builded better than they knew, the reward Is theirs Just the same. In a dissertation on bedbugs by the Department of Agriculture we are told that "the presence of this Insect In a house Is not necessarily the result of neg lect or carelessness" But this Insect will neer bo got ..out of. a.,houseiy neg-. lect of him, or by carelessness as to his presence. One Installment of the Crown Prince of Slam's name Is Phya Rajavallobb. This Is the only part he will bring to the United States. There are so many other install ments that he fears he would lose track of them In the haste of his visit Besides, Slam is the land of the white elephant and he desires to leave behind him as many traces of It as possible. Carl Friedrlck WIIHbald Peter Mosbrug- ger, ot erthelm Grossooryogthum. Ba den, a one-time famous tenor, is dead. He was to have been .burled In the Pot ter's field, but horrified charity saved him. We don't like to think of food for worms In a Potter's field, but elsewhere It does not sadden the gayety of na 1 tlons. Not long ago the McMInnvIlle Register was In deep distress because, as it al leged, the policy of the Republican party had made prices so low as to drive men toxdespalr or suicide. We note this week that that excellent newspaper Is making an equally bitter complaint that the policy of the Republican party has now made prices so high as to drive men to despair or suicide. It seems that nothing but despair or suicide awaits us In any event Although we wish no man to be In despair, we trust that the editor of the esteemed paper Is still In the land of the living. In a speech at Great Falls. Mont., Pres ident James J. Hill sard: "If you were to go without them (railroads) for a while, you would learn to use them well, and you may be forced to do this." The old gentleman knows human nature well, and understands how not to agitato the public mind against him. and yet to awaken Its sense of fairness In his behalf. If there Is a railroad man who can ap proach the popular view of railroads bet ter than any othor person, that man Is Jim Hill. The only thing he Is prone to forget is that tho public looks upon per manent Improvements as established pub lic benefits without obligation to the past The public does not care how much the freight was on potatoes before the rail road came. The railroad is here. It is suppose'd to sustain itself as it goes along every day, and the public does not feel that It has a debt to the past Hunting Sontr. Sir Walter Scott. Waken, lords and ladles gay. On the mountain dawns the day; All the Jolly chase 13 here With hawk and horse and huntlng-spear Hounds are fn their couples yelling; Hawks are whistling, homs are knelling. Merrily, merrily mingle they. "Waken. lords and 'ladles gay." Waken, lords and" ladles gay. The mist has left the mountain gray, Sprlnglets In the dawn are steaming, Diamonds on the brake are gleaming; And foresters have busy been To track the buck In thicket green; Now wa come to chant our lay. "Waken, lords and ladles gay." Waken, lords and ladles gay. To the greenwood haste away; We can show you where he lies. Fleet of foot and tall of size; We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak hl3 antlers fray'd; You shall see him brought to bay; "Waken, lords and" ladles gay." Louder, louder chant the "lay Waken, lords and ladles gay! Tell them youth and mirth and glee Run a course as well as. we; Time, stern huntsman! who can balk. Stanch as hound and fleet as hawk; Think of this, and rise with day. Gentle lords and ladles gayl