THE MOBNINC? OREGOyiAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 1902.
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PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, JULY 30.
HOPE FOR. CHINA.
Great Britain's pending treaty with
China, promises most momentous things
for the development and future welfare
of the great .Asiatic Empire. To the
five great treaty ports it Is proposed to
add four, namely, Chang Sha, Nanking,
"Wan Hsien and Wal Chou. There is an
undertaking looking toward amicable
settlement of the missionary problem,
while other articles deal with the reg
istration of trade-marks, the navigation
of the Yangtse and Canton Rivers,
bonded warehouses, the equalization of
duties on junks and steamers, facilities
for draftsacks, the establishment of a
national currency, the revision of the
mining regulations, new regulations for
the navigation of inland waters, the
opening of Kong Muh as a treaty port
on the West River, and the appoint
ment of joint commissions to settle dis
putes. The benefits of these reforms
will not be- confined to Great Britain
or China herself, but will ere long
spread to other nations, and work pow
erfully for prosperity and peace.
Yet the most important part of this
treaty Is, wo should say, the proposal
to substitute an additional Import duty
at the seacoast. In lieu of all likin du
ties, stations and barriers, and every
form of internal taxation on British
goods. Here is a proposed removal of
an obstacle to internal trade which for
cibly suggests the enormous domestic
development of the United Statee, due
in great part to the inspired policy of
free trade between the states. The
eventful benefits of these abrogations,
when we contemplate their extension to
other powers and their Influence in free
ing all interior trade In China, can
readily be recognized as stupendous.
There can be no manner of doubt that
a reform of this sort would nave re
moved much of the present friction over
the war indemnity. The original proto
col seems to have erred In leaving In
tact the whole administrative corrup
tion of the empire. It is said that there
is hardly a province in the empire
where the money collected meets the
quota assigned to it of the annual in
stallments; but the declaration Is made
with equal confidence by observers on
the spot that at the rate the people are
being taxed in some rlaces the whole
Indemnity could be paid off in five
years' time. In the Province of Chi 1.1
it was said that the late Viceroy, Li
Hung Chang, had already collected the
amount due for two years ahead, and
yet reports are current that some of the
local magistrates have been, extorting
money from the people in unheard-of
amounts, all in the name of the foreign
indemnity. In short, the indemnity
has been seized on. by the mandarins
as a pretext for doubling and trebling
the burden of taxation for their own
profit and to the consequent revival of
feeling against the foreigner.
"We are familiar with the operation
of the law that moral obliquity In leg
islation induces commercial difficulties.
China is an evidence that the converse
is also true; for the source of the awful
corruption that hangs like a pall over
the empire's Interior is readily traceable
in part to the provincial Isolation. The
mandarins or governors, being in re
ceipt of the provincial revenues, are
paid almost nothing by the Pekln Gov
ernment. Hence they resort to plunder.
Exactions of all kinds are unscrupu
lously plied, justice is sold, and the re
sult is dishonesty and untruthfulness
among the people. Bribery and torture
are the accredited agencies of public
opinion and official conduct All these
things are menaced by freer trade
among the provincea Tariff reform
may readily prove the Influence that is
to open interior China to redemptive
forces of "Western civilization.
The Lake George conference of anti
imperialists has framed up an indict
ment of civilization that may well cause
the stoutest heart to quail. One can
only conclude from this complaint that
not only the President, Cabinet, Con
gress, Army and Navy and Supreme
Court are engaged in a conspiracy to
enslave the Filipinos and elevate false
hood to the place of truth, but that the
entire population, with the exception of
the devoted band at Lake George, Is
consenting to the Infamy. One shud
ders at the thought of leaving a circle
of human beings, however small, in
such extremity of dejection, but there
appears tittle else to do. All that can
be done to console them "has been done.
It remains, perhaps, to show them that
In proposing to rescue "the good name
of the country," for which they fear, by
proving the Army a band of robbers
and cut-throats without a redeeming
feature, they embark on a vain and
foolish errand, but this would undoubt
edly be an error. There is no convinc-
ing them of anything but their own
Impeccability and the. otherwise hope
less Iniquity of all mankind, and this
they already know. The case la appar
ently hopeless.
CONDITIONS PRELIMINARY.
There are a great many Democrats
Who are for harmony regardless of the
UKes ana dislikes of men like Cleveland
and Bryan, Gorman and Hill, Watter
son and Yilaa. Unfortunately they are,
while numerous, not powerful enough
to prevail over those same eminent
statesmen. Theoretically, every Demo
crat is an Independent sovereign. Prac
tlcally, every Democrat Is actuated by
the same sheeplike propensity to run In
a bunch which animates human beings
generally. The Chicago convention had
its Bryan, but Republican conventions
have had their Garfields, Blalnes, In
gersolls and Conkllngs.
A summary of the New York Herald's
poll of Democratic committeemen, print
ed In our Washington dispatches yes
terday, shows the strong hold that
Bryan still retains upon .his party.
From an interview had by a New York
Sun man with the Nebraska candidate.
It appears he regards Mr. Cleveland as
"nothing at all," "of no account," etc.,
and views both Hill and Gorman as
completely removed from Democratic
consideration now or hereafter, because
they had "sulked in 1896 and 1900." At
the recent Nantasket Beach gathering
It was necessary to exclude Cleveland
on Bryan's account and Hill on Shep
ard's account. Where the Cleveland
wing dines the Bryan wing will not sit
down, and under the ' BryAnlo tents
there is no room for the Cleveland
braves.
Even in the party of great principles,
by which we are given to understand
the Democratic party Is somewhat re
dundantly described, we must take ac
count of great men; and It may as well
be observed here and now, as In July
or even November, 1904, that there can
be no effective agreement on principles
until we can, get some agreement be
tween persons. Draw up a platform
embodying what-Cleveland and Bryan
can both sign, and that is not harmony,
so long as the two men with their fol
lowers are personally hostile. And hos
tile they are. Neither will refer to
other except In terms Invidious. From
such a situation, harmony is very re
mote. Get the antagonistic Democrats
together and they will agree on a plat
form fast enough. Large numbers of
Democrats went for Eilver for no other
reason than that Cleveland, whom they
hated, was for gold. The personal ele
ment Is a force in politics that must be
reckoned with.
VOTERS BY COMPULSION.
Professor Barnes, of Philadelphia,
says: "I would. If I could, give woman
the ballot tomorrow,, but I would de
mand that she use her right. If she
did not, I would fine her. If she did
not pay her fine, I would imprison her."
This view is in accord with that of a
Toledo (O.) statesman recently ex
pressed, for the cure of what he terms
"official Infidelity," except that he
would make suffrage compulsory upon
men, especially In primary ejections.
He argues that If even' man could be
compelled to assist In choosing party
candidates, better men would be chosen
than now, and prevalent political evils
would cease. This is an extreme view
of the case, and one that cannot be
sustained. It strikes at the very foun
dation of republican Institutions, which
is individual volition. Compulsory at
tendance at primary elections or at the
general hustings would be an infrac.
tion of this fundamental principle. Its
very Inception Is abusrd. Good citizens,
as all will allow, ought to pte at the
primaries. A wider application of this
principle than usual in our own pri
maries last Spring disclosed the power
that is behind alert citizenship. Good
citizens should also control the cau
cuses; but compulsory attendance at
political functions, even could It be se
cured, would cot make good citizens of
men who are habitually careless of their
public duties.
The political need of the time Is not,
says the Pittsburg Gazette, a compul
sory suffrage law, but "an awakened
public conscience that will move men to
labor voluntarily! for honest adminis
tration of the public, buslnesa" As long
as voters do not care enough about the
affairs of state to give them voluntary
attention, there can be nothing gained
in good government by driving them
to the polls, for when, there they would
vote carelessly. The almost universal
disinclination of women to engage in
public affairs is the rack upon which
the Contention of woman suffrage has
long been stranded. Professor Barnes'
proposition to give women the ballot
and then arrest, fine or imprison them
if they do not use It is sufficiently ab
surd. Only less so is the proposition
to bring men who do not prize the bal
lot highly enough to use It voluntarily
and interestedly to the primaries and
later to the election booths by compul
sion. Good citizenship is not, induced
or cultivated in that way.
GERMANY'S STRINGENT MEAT-IN-T3PECTION
LAW.
The German meat-Inspection law, dis
cussed at great length and with some
acrimony for some years, Is finally to be
put in effect In October of the present
year. This law was passed In June,
1900. The first section, prohibiting the
Importation of canned meats, went Into
effect in October of the same year. The
other sections, providing for the inspec
tion of all home and foreign meats,
have been held In abeyance pending the
construction of a competent staff of in
spectors. These arrangements have
been practically completed, and, as
stated above, the law will be enforced
In detail from and after October 1. It
provides for the most thorough inspec
tion of animals, slaughter-houses and
meats throughout the empire, and of all
meats imported. Fully 75 per cent of
the preserved meats Imported into Ger
many come from this country. Thlsjlm
portatlon will be seriously affectedby
the prohibition of the use of boracic acid
and other preservatives in common use
by American packers. Under these re
strictions the value of canned meats im
ported into Germany shrunk from $10,
000,000 in 189S to $4,000,000 in 190L
So severe are the .restrictions imposed
upon fresh meats that the natlpn even
now forces a meat famine. Hamburg
butchers had no beef recently because
Denmark sent short supplies and Aus
tria failed to meet the deficiency. Ac
cording to the Tageblatt, Berlin had to
pay famine prices in consequence. This
means, of course, that a very large
proportion of the city's population did
not have and could not get meat.
While this condition does not mean
the hardship to the common people of
'Germany that it would mean to those
of any American community, it means
great dissatisfaction, and will result In
strong protest against the law. The
German people arc not, as gauged by
the American standard, great meat
eaters, but to cut off their supply will
be to cause great complaint and not a
little suffering.
This Is what the new Inspection law
threatens to do. American Imports have
already been greatly curtailed, and in
retaliation for the unnecessarily strict
inspection Imposed, the shippers of
fresh meats in Denmark, Austria, Hol
land and Russia will turn elsewhere for
trade. The results of the new law will
be to Increase the cost, of meat In Ger
many and greatly curtail the exports
of American canned meats to that coun
try. With their usual enterprise Amer
ican packers will turn elsewhere for a
market and leave Germany to the mi
croscopic Inspection of meats as provid
ed by this long-threatened law, and no
meat to inspect. The United States,
through the Department of Agriculture,
has taken means to provide a reason
able system of meat Inspection. It Is
plain that its overtures have been re
jected for the purpose of discriminating
against American meats rather than in
the Interest of the 'health of the Ger
man people. This being true, it Is wise
to seek a new market to replace the
withdrawal of Germany as an importer
of American, canned meats, and leave
the German people to amend the law
or to abide by Its conditions, unvexed
by further protest from this side of
the water.
LIBERAL DIVORCE LAWS.
Discussions of marriage and divorce
reform Bcem to obtain Increasing inter
est throughout the country. No sub
ject is more deserving of consideration
and on no subject is so much worthless
stuff enunciated. The BoufTaon evan
gelists are hopelessly wedded to their
Idols because they are determined that
modern freedom of divorce shall be
adjusted to the demands of a dead and
burled social and religious civilization.
These advocates of divorce solely
on Scriptural grounds when they
are Protestants have not a leg to stand
upon, for Martin Luther himself did
not assume this position, and the Puri
tans made marriage a civil procedure
by magistrate rather than a religious
rite. It is an indictment of clerical
good sense that the' strongest opposi
tion to the enlargement of modern di
vorce laws has come, not from the
courts, but from the church. To the
Influence of the church in the past does
woman owe the fact that not until com
paratively recent years could the no
blest woman obtain full divorce from
the most brutal husband unless she
could prove adultery on his part or
persistent desertion for many years.
When we remember what a hell can
be made of a home to a decent woman
without other than ceaseless cruelty of
speech, It seems Incredible that for
many years an excellent woman, ut
terly lost all hope of conjugal happi
ness In this life If she happened to
choose for her first husband a malig
nant tyrant against whom no act of
adultery could be proved.
Take the case of Mrs. Norton, the
beautiful and gifted grand-daughter of
Richard Brlnsley Sheridan, whose gen
ius found voice In "Blngeti on the
Rhine." Her brutal husband accused
her of an intrigue with Lord Mel
bourne. The courts triumphantly vin
dicated the fame of Mrs. Norton,, but
under the laws of England she could
only obtain a separation from her slan
derer and persecutor. This miserable
husband survived his separation many
years, and finally, on his death, a dis
tinguished English nobleman of the
highest rank married Mra Norton in
her old age. The case of George Eliot
(Marlon Evans) and George Henry
Lewes Is well known. Because he had
condoned his wife's first elopement, he
had no remedy against her when she
eloped a second time. The marriage of
the deceased wife's sister Is still pro
hibited in England.
It would be easy to multiply histor
ical illustrations of the far-reaching
social and political mischief that has
been wrought In Europe by limitation
of divorce solely to causes approved by
the church. There is nothing surpris
ing that the church, with its charac
teristic craft, endeavored to insinuate
itself into the essential, supreme gov
ernment of the state. There Is nothing
remarkable In the papacy granting or
refusing great Kings and Princes di
vorce, but it Is remarkable that after
the Reformation the Protestant Church
persisted in trying to rule the state
through the church, not only under
Elizabeth, James and Charles I, who
persecuted the Puritans, but under the
Puritans In Old England and New
England after the Puritans' had cut off
the head of the blessed martyr. Peri
odically the strong brain of Cromwell
rose superior to his superstitious faith
In government by theocracy, and he
would stamp his foot and disperse the
cruel clergy that busied themselves
drowning demented old women In Scot
land as witches on the strength of
Bible texts, but even In the day of Will
iam HI, after the great revolution, the
New England theocracy hanged inno
cent men and women for witchcraft and
1 Quakers for heresy. To this tenacious
me or. tne cnurcn in tne life of the
state 'even after stte and church were
divorced do we owe the cruel limited
divorce laws that during the larger part
of the nineteenth century were supreme
Upon the statute-book.
A correspondent writes The Oregonlan
saying that in its issue of February 9
Chatham was spoken of as "a compara
tively cheap man," while In The Orego
nlan of July 17 Chatham Is described
as "perhaps the greatest Prime Minis
ter that ever ruled England." The
Oregonlan, in Its Issue of February 19,
was describing Edmund Burke, the
greatest political thinker of permanent
quality ot his century, and 'among other
things said:
If to the understanding and Imagination of
Burke had been added the matchless elocution
of Sheridan, Burke rather than Chatham would
have been the greatest orator of his century.
He was the most eloquent thinker, but his voice
was so badly managed and his whole elocu
tionary methods bo defective that a compara
tively cheap man like Chatham could surpass
him In the power to thrill and sway an audi
ence to tears, to mutiny or rage.
There Is no inconsistency In our lan
guage concerning Chatham. A great
Prime Minister, a great executive, a
magnetic orator. Is a comparatively
cheap man when measured by the
greatest political thinker and writer of
his century. To Illustrate: Henry Clay
was a magnetic orator, a man of great
executive energy and force, a great Sec
retary of State, but as an Immortal
political thinker he was completely out
classed by Alexander Hamilton. Cal
houn or Webster. Hamilton and Web'
ster reverenced Burke as a political
thinker of the first order of genius for
Jail time, while Chatham was a' great
war minister, -a great executive and
administrator, a great man, but no more
to be compared In permanent fame to
an exceptional political philosopher and
thinker like Burke than a great Min
ister of Foreign Affairs like Talleyrand
or a War Minister like Carnot could be
compared with Goethe, whom Napoleon
treated as his Intellectual peer as a
political thinker.
We would direct attention of capital
ists everywhere to this utterance of the
New York Evening Post:
Aside from the Intensifying Inconvenience and
loss to which tha public Is being put by tho
Indifferent and dilatory attitude of the coal
operators, tho latter are rapidly alienating the
sympathy of fair-minded men by the way In
which they confuse all Just Ideas of what a
freo labor market really Is. Such a market
Implies that. If certain employes will not work,
others can be found to take their places. It U
this possible competition which Is one element
In fixing the rate of wages, and one safeguard
against Insensate strikes. But the companies
have not Invoked It. Indeed, they practically
admit that they must depend for labor upon
their old employes. But what Inference do
they draw from this? That they should seek
an adjustment with tho men? No, they say to
them. In effect. "We need you; In fact, we
cannot get along without you. But wo will
make no concession to your union, and shall
wait till starvation drives you to beg work of
us." That position cannot satisfy either tho
humane Instincts or the reasoning faculties of
the public It Is an entirely new, and not at
all a sound or commendable way of dealing
with a strike. If tho operators cannot get new
men. and will not treat with their old ones,
they had better announce their abandonment of
tho mines and thflr complete retirement from
business. Their cold threat of starving tho
strikers Into submission is calculated to embit
ter, In a foolish and wholly needless way, tho
relations of labor and capital In this country.
That Is what makes It a public wrong. In which
wo all have a concrn.
The Post's relations to capital and to
the employing classes are too well
known to need explanation. Its utter
ance isa very significant sign of the
times.
Professor Earl Barnes, of Philadel
phia, gave what he termed a practical
talk before the National Council of
school principals and superintendents
In session at Chautauqua, N. Y., last
week, of which It Is said he "spared
neither men nor women" In his criti
cism of teachera Said he:
The great trouble with the teaching profession
Is that there Is no solidarity In It. One roan Is
making an experiment In one town, another
man In another town, and neither confides In
the other. It Is my dream that teachers shall
stand together as physicians do. They consider
It a much greater crime for a physician to He
to another physician than to any other man.
If teachers were so united, our Influence would
be tremendous. We could. In a few years,
mako all tho Americans anarchists. Christians
or 'anything we choose.
Heaven save us from a teachers' trust,
for which "solidarity" Is only a tech
nical name, if this estimate of its possL
ble power- is correct. A combination
that could make of all Americans any
thing It chose, from anarchists to
Christiana Is to be dreaded, since no
man can say what might be the trend
of Its effort It may be feared that
even "Christians" molded by an educa
tional trust whose power was absolute
would be most un-Chrlstlan In their in
terpretation of what constitutes Chris
tianity, 'while the very suggestion that
"solidarity" in the teacher's profession
would be able to transform Americans
bodily Into anarchists should be suffi
cient to make the most bitter opponent,
of women as educators be thankful that
they are in large majority In the teach
er's profession. Professor Barnes
blames them for .the condition he de
plores, saying: "Women Will not stand
for solidarity." Truly, we have some
things to be thankful for, even In this
age of pedagogics, pedagogues and
pedagogy.
The Philadelphia Ledger notes tho
rebukes which have been administered
In the West to the Republican support
ers of the beet In Congress, and ob
serves: "In other words, wherever the
people get a chance to express their
views, even In the beet-sugar states,
they are willing and eager to follow an
honorable and enlightened course. The
so-called Representatives have misrep
resented their constituents; they have
made the grievous mistake of playing
narrow, small politics because they
have underestimated the intelligence
and honesty of their own constituents,
who are ready to support a policy which
they believe Is In accord with National
duty and honor. The President Is sup
ported by the people on this question,
and by making an Issue of it he has
helped raise the tone of politics."
Pittsburg seems to be the special home
of typhoid fever. A recent compilation
made by authority of the Chamber of
Commerce of that city showed a grand
total of Ilia cases of this disease there
In five months. This, for a preventable
disease, and one not personally con
tagious, is an appalling record. Ty
phoid is classed by the experts as a
water-borne disease. The water supply
and drainage of a city must be some
thing frightful to contemplate when
this disease assumes the character and
proportions of an epidemic and rages
with the fury and fatality of a pesti
lence. All cities cannot have Bull Run
water, but any city can, In this age of
Intelligent engineering, ingenious de
vices for filtration and meekness under
taxation, have a relatively pure water
supply.
Details of the Baldwin-Carlson fight,
which resulted In the death of the lat
ter, as brought out at the hearing be
fore the Municipal Court, are shocking
to the moral sense and disgusting to
the ordinary sensibilities of all decent
persons. It Is clear that somebody, and
indeed more than one. should be se
verely punished for this disgraceful af
fair and Its fatal termination. There
are those who set this murder on, and
these are they who are directly respon
slble for the fight and its result.
It Is to be presumed that Judge Jack
son has no present purpose of running
for office. No more expeditious road to
unpopularity could be devised than his
violent language and drastic rulings
against the peaceful methods of trades
union persuasion. Unique, also. Is his
idea of the baseness of feeding strikers
to keep them from Btarving to death.
The Judge is not doing a great deal
to popularize "government by Injunc
tion." The San Francisco Examiner has
lured Mayor Schmidt Into the an
nouncement that he will Investigate the
Jeffrfes-Fitzslmmons mill to find out
whether it was a fake. This Is pretty
buslnesa for a Mayor- Truly, the "jour
nalism that does "things" is a success in
"doing' people.
Tracy has escaped his pursuers,
but fortunately he has a face that will
betray him wherever he goes, and un
fortunately he has a penchant for
crookedness that will forever keep him
from losing himself under any name In
the ranks of honest industry anywhere.
EASTERN SUPERCILIOUSNESS.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Two characteristic Instances of the ai
fected or real ignorance ot the Eastern
press concerning men and affairs in the
West have recently appeared In the New
York Evening Post and the New York
Times, two papers of large pretensions In
the discussion of National affairs. In an
oracular deliverance concerning the con
ditional Indorsement of Senator Spooner
by the Wisconsin Republican State Con
vention the Evening Post said:
Robert M. La Follctte, an ambitious and
forceful politician, appears to be a man of
much the same type as the late Hazen S.
Plncree In Michigan, and. like him, Is consid
ered by many a thoroughgoing demagogue.
The most casual knowledge of National
politics, to say nothing of Wisconsin af
fairs, should have saved our contemporary
from abreak like ibis. Governor La Fol
lette figured in National politics before he
became a candidate for tho Governorship
on a platform largely of his own making.
When in Congress, as a member of the
ways and means committee, he took a
prominent part In framing the McKlnley
bill. He is a man of good education, a
graduate of tho State University, a suc
cessful lawyer, a natural leader and a
man to be reckoned with among the
strong men of the Republic. He has won
his place by having convictions and by
fighting for them against traditional
wrongs and political do roL
There Is nothing to BUggest the late
Hazen S. PIngrce in his make-up. They
aro as dissimilar as the potato and the
peach. In Wisconsin politics Governor La
Follette has been his own roaster.
Like its metropolitan contemporary, the
New York Tiroes affects a wide grasp of
National affairs, and yet we find it pre
facing a discussion of the problem of
compulsory arbitration with such a para
graph as this:
We have not too pleasure of a personal ac
quaintance with Judge Murray F. Tuley, of
Illinois, nor do we know bis standing In the
Judiciary of that state. ,But the address he
delivered before the Bar Association on Fri
day gives us the Impression that he la a gen
tleman of excellent aenlments, sadly cloaked
and muddled by confuted Ideas.
This smacks more of tho condescend
ing ignorance of a college graduate nowly
endowed with the editorial WE than of
the well-considered dicta of a well-informed
writer for the New York Times.
Not to know Murray F. Tuley, who for
a quarter of a century has been a Circuit
Judge in Chicago, and who has been one
of the most distinguished public men in
the Northwest for more than a genera
tion, Is to confess to truly metropolitan
provincialism.
Judge Tuley's Ideas on the necessity for
i somo legislation that will force great cor
porations to arbitrate differences with
their employes, where their disputes en
tall 'enormous losses on the public, may
not coincide with the views of the New
York Times, but they represent a grow
ing sentiment throughout the country.
The people, and not the corporations in
volved, are paying In Increased prices
the cost of the anthracite coal miners'
strike. The whole story is told in a let
ter which the Times itself publishes of
the boast of a large holder of Pennsyl
vania coalmine stocks. Said he several
months ago:
There Is going to be a strike. It Is a hard
thing, a seemingly cruel thing, to do, but It Is
business. Wo are going to adopt measures
that will force tho miners out, stop produc
tion, put up the price of coal, and when stocks
are reasonably reduced we can make a trifling
concession, and the miners will come back.
We Know exactly how and when to do this.
and we do It, though It looks cruel, as a mat
ter of business and profits.
It Is all very fine to sneer at Judge
Tuley and attempt to ridicule the demand
for some legislation that will compel the
settlement of such strikes along the lines
of Justice and fair dealing between capital
and labor, but the problem cannot be dis
missed without breeding dangerous con
ditions. The state creates corporations,
and It can control Its creations. How It
shall exercise that control Is tho gravest
question confronting American statesman
ship today.
OMINOUS FOR THE FUTURE.
Harper's Weekly.
.Lord Salisbury's resignation comes at
last as an event long expected, though
often denied. Thus the last groat man of
tho Victorian age passes out of the ranks
a man whose name will stand in history
beside that of Peel and Palmexston and
Gladstone and Beaconsfleld, the contem
porary of Tennyson and Browning, Hux
ley and Darwin and Tyndall. Following
the swan-song of Herbert Spencer, the
retirement of Lord Salisbury marks the
closing of an age which many believe
will stand out as the greatest age of Eng
land's history. Lord Salisbury, as a
great feudal noble, a man whose family
has been pre-eminent since the Tudor
times, the days of the founding of the
English church and tho English imperial
power, the Oriental Empire, and Eng
land's great colonies Jn the Old and New
worlds, was in his own person a symbol
and an embodiment of the feudal and oli
garchical England which loomed so largo
in the history of the world. As a states
man he represented the Old World belief
In the divine right of Kings, whosa Inter
est, rather than that of their subjects, it
was the business of the Minister to con
sult. His diplomatic methods were those
of the Elizabethan age; and he would
have been well fitted to to cope with men
like Henry of Navarre or Philip the Sec
ond, or the great figures of tho Middle
Ages. A part only of Lord Salisbury's
mantle can be said to have descended
upon his nephew, Arthur J. Balfour. Mr.
Balfour has the same fine Individual man
ner and high personal distinction, tho
same perfect skill and polish In debate,
the same classical and European culture;
but Mr. Balfour la essentially modern. He
recognizes, though perhaps unwillingly,
that the scepter has passed from Kings to
nations; that no longer the aristocracies,
but rather the great commercial organiza
tions, dominate and direct the policy of
state. And while Lord Salisbury Is an
old-faBhIoned churchman, of the Tudor
and early Jocobean type, his nephew is
a free-thinker, essentially modern and
critical, by no means bound to the tradi
tion of ecclesiastical authority. Mr. Bal
four Is a much slighter man, a lighter
weight, morally as well as physically: and
something of dignity, of solemnity even,
passes away from tho councils of the em
pire with the passing of the venerable
Premier. ' Signs are not wanting that this
Is but the prelude to a groatcr passing.
Trust's Contempt for the Public.
New York World.
"It Is none of the public's business,"
says an anthracite coal road president,
in answer to the question why they will
not consent to arbitrate -a strike the en
tiro loss whereof falls finally 'on the pub
lic "The public Is not concerned," says
President Vrecland, of the Metropolitan
Railway Company, In answer to an in
quiry about poisonous sulphuric acid
fumes forced by Certain of its cross
town cars Into the noses and lungs of
the public for months past. This is the
bee that is getting into the bonnets of
the presidents of our publicly franchised
corporations "none of the public's busi
ness." How far this contempt of public
corporations for the public can be carried
w!thout causing the meek and patient
public to rise in effective rebellion no
body knows.
Thought He Might ?ceil It.
Chicago Tribune.
"Albert," said his -wife, "are there many
rattlesnakes where you are going?"
"Hundreds of them," replied the doctor,
who was packing his valise for a vacation
trip.
"Didn't you tell me once that there was
no authentic Instance of a person bitten by
a rattlesnake being cured by whisky?"
VI did."
"Then why are you taking all this whis
ky along, Albert?"
"The er water Isn't good where I am
going, Emily."
DENTAL OF TRIAL BY JURY '
Chicago Chronicle.
Judge Jackson of the United States
District Court at Parkersburg in sentenc
ing certain strike leaders for contempt
ot court In violating an Injunction Im
proved the opportunity to characterize
them as "a professional set of agitators,
organizers and walking delegates," whose
"mission is to foment trouble."
The Judge further called them "vam
pires that live and fatten on the honest
labor of the coal miners of the country
and who are busybodies," etc.
Admitting for the sake of the argument
that the men whom the Judge sent to
Jail are all that he said they were, how
comes It to be the business of the Judge
to find them guilty of these things and
put them in prison therefor?
In what law. National or state. Is It
written that it is a crime to bo one of
a "professional set of agitators, organ
izers and walking delegates?"
In what law Is it written that a man
may be convicted of such a crime, if it
be a crime, without opportunity of de
fense before a Jury?
Does any law authorize a Judge to de
cide without evidence, without oppor
tunity of defense that it is the "mis
sion" of persons arraigned before him
"to foment trouble" and to send them
behind tha bars for trying to fulfill their
mission?
The Chronicle will undertake to say,
and it will maintain that it Is guilty of
no contempt of court In saying, that
tho things charged against the strike
leaders are not crimes, because there Is
no law which declares them to be crimes.
The Chronicle will undertake to say
further that no Judge has a right to
treat as a crime and punish as a crime
any act which Is not declared by law
to bo a crime or which does not fall by
proper legal definition within some cate
gory of crime.
Judge Jackson says he recognizes the
right of all laborers to combine for tho
purpose of protecting all their lawful
rights, but he does not recognize the
right of laborers "to conspire together
to compel employes who are not dissatis
fied with their work in the mines to lay
down their picks and shovels and to
quit their work without a just and prop
er reason therefor."
Every just-man capable of forming a
sound judgment will agree with Judgo
Jackson In the opinion that if any man
attempts to "compel" another to quit
work or If any number of men conspire
to "compel" others to quit work against
their will by violence or Intimidation
there Is a criminal violation of law.
But is a man or any number of men
to be adjudged guilty of such -violation
of law and punished for It without such
trial as Is guaranteed by the Constitu
tion? Judge Jackson seems inclined to
answer that question in the affirmative.
The Chronicle agrees with the plat
form of the Democracy of Illinois in the
opinion that If a man is accused of
crime he Is entitled to trial by Jury and
to all the recognized means of legal de
fense before the Jury.
Darke's Retort.
Chicago News.
Edmund Burko was ever ready with
his retort. He had been attacking the
Government one night In Parliament very
fiercely for a policy which, it was well
known, waa strongly advocated and ap
proved by the King himself. Stung by
Burke's sarcasm, George Onslow, a sup
porter of the government, rose and said,
with a haughty air, that tho member
really had gone too far; he had delib
erately Insulted the sovereign. Burke lis
tened to this harangue with due rever
ence, and then gravely addressed tho
speaker: "Sir, the honorable member
has exhibited much ardor, but little dis
cretion. He should know that, however
I may reverence the King, I am not at
all bound, nor at all Inclined, to extend
that reverence to his Ministers. I may
honor His Majesty, but, sir, I see no
possible reason for honoring" and ' ho
glanced round tho treasury bench "His
Majesty's manservant and maidservant,
his ox or his ass!"
PERSONS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT.
Mrs. Humphrey Ward, the English novelist.
Is planning a visit to this country for tho
coming Autumn.
Governor Crane, of Massachusetts, dlsllksa
public speaklnr. and. though he Is always In
teresting In his "addresses, he considers the ne
cessity for their delivery one of tho most trying
features of public life.
Mr. Balfour, the new British Premier, nearly
always stands while writing or studying. For
many years bo has worked at a tall desk, on
which he keeps two candles, so as to be ready
for tho dark days so common In London.
J. D. Wood, a rancher of Spencer. Idaho,
has sent to Boston the largest consignment of
wool eyery shipped by one man from the West
to the East. It amounted to about 030,000
pounds, which, at 14 cents per pound, ylolded
Mr. Wood nearly JSS.OOO.
A traveler who has recently returned from
a tour abroad In tho course of which he met
friends of Mascagnl, the famous Italian com
poser, says that the musician's stock of English
words Is limited to "good-by," "New York,"
"Philadelphia" and "San Francisco."
Bret Harte, during the last months of his
life, gave much time and care to tho composi
tion of the libretto of an opera. The com
poser was Emanuel Moor, and the subject of
the work, which has not yet been heard, was
taken from tha story of "Alkali Dick." The
scene is laid In France.
Clarence H. Mackay. who succeeds to a vast
estate by tho death of his father, has been In
training a long time for the duties he now
takes up. He Is either vice-president or di
rector In most of the corporations with which
his father was connected, and Is believed to
be fully capable of assuming control.
Prince Henry of Prussia Is Insured against
assassination. The policy is for $000,000, which
sum Is not .payable in case of death from any
other cause than that stipulated. The Prince
entered Into this peculiar Insurance arrange
ment when ho sailed for the East to take com
mand of the German fleet In Chinese waters a
few years ago.
Harry Lehr. tho Baltimore fashion plate,
threatens that If the newspapers do not leavo
him alone he will be obliged to leave this coun
try and live abroad. "For," says he. "I am a
gentleman." It will be remembered that Will
lam Waldorf Astor said the same thing somo
years ago. It has been remarked that Mr.
Lehr's career as agent for a firm of dealers In
champagne has not apparently left him en
tirely Invulnerable to newspaper lampooning.
The Mitsui family are called "the Bothschllds
of Japan," standing upon a pedestal as com
pared with other business firms In that country.
The line comes clearly from the thirteenth
century, but It was not until 300 years later
that they became merchants. Since that time
the Mltsuls have been pre-eminently the lead
ing business family, connected with every largo
commercial enterprise In the country and con
ducting many undertakings as much for public
benefit as for private gain.
London, 1802.
William Wordsworth.
O Friend! I know not which way I must look
For comfort, being, as I am, opprest
To think that now our life Is only drest
For show; mean handy-work of craftsman,
cook.
Or groora!-;We must run glittering like a brook
In the open, sunshine, or we are unblest;
The wealthiest man among us Is the best:
No grandeur now In nature or In book
Delights us. Rapine, avarice, expense.
This Is Idolatry; and these we adore:
Plain living and high thinking are no more:
The homely beauty ot the good old cause
Is gone; our peace, our fearful Innocence,
And pure religion breathing household laws.
THE SAME.
Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour:
England hath need of thee: she Is a fen
Of Stagnant waters: altar, sword, and pen.
Fireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower.
Have forfeited their ancient English dower
Of inward happiness. We are selfish men:
Oh! raise us up, return to us again;
And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power.
Thy soul was like a Star, and dwelt apart;
Thou badst a voice whose sound was like the
sea.
Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free;
So didst thou travel on life's common way
In cheerful godliness: and yet thy heart
A.The lowlleat'dutles on herself did lay.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Ex-Senator Peffer Is writing history.
He finds this easier than making it-
The young, lady who rode 33 miles an
hour on a wheel is clearly not a resident
of Philadelphia.
The Sagamore Hill larder must be run
ning low. All tho great men are eating
In New York now
All we lack is a Couple of months of
continuous rain to make the weather, ab
solutely perfect
Colonel Lynch is f ortuhate that his
trial Is not being conducted by'his name
sake, the Judge.
Perhaps Tracy has merely gone to New
York to warn Edgar Stanton Maclay not
to write a history of his escape
It Is understood that the last Van Allen
wedding was a trifling affair, costing
only a couple of millions of dollars.
Captain Hobson gets his name in the
papers every now and then, but he dis
creetly keeps away from Summer resorts.
The sporting editor of the Congressional
Record will have plenty of time to wrlto
a good report of the Fltzslmmon3-Jeffrles
affair.
It has taken Havana an amazingly
short time to acquire American methods.
Her Chief of Police is already under
arrest.
J. P. Morgan still lingers in Europe,
and It Is astonishing how well this coun
try gets along without any Director
General. In the absenco of W. J. Bryan 'a num
ber of Industrious earthquakes are doing
their best to break the galling monotony
of life in Nebraska.
Seats for the coronation are selling so
cheaply that It may now be necessary
to put the throne on the market in order
to make the show pay out.
It cost Major Glenn 550 to give tho
water-cure to the Filipinos, and tho
patients who benefited by the treatment
didn't oven furnish testimonials.
Lord Salisbury Is now entitled to wrlto
K. G. C. B, V. O. after his name, but
he doesn't, probably because he doesn't
want people to mistake him for a railroad
line.
The King of Saxony is ill with pneu
monia. Emperor William seems to be
about tho only ruler who is In any danger
of being troubled by life insurance
agents.
Now that good train service makes it
possible to run up to Portland every now
and then to get a square meal and a few
hours' rest, life at the seaside begins to
be supportable.
A skeleton with an eight-Inch Jaw has
been discovered in Texas. Possibly thl3
discovery will assist some of the states
men of tho Lone Star State in tracing
back their ancestry.
A New York bank set a time lock
wrong and was unable to get Its money
out- Usually it is the depositors' money
which Is held so securely In bank vaults
that no one is able to get any of It out.
This item is from a Korean newspaper,
published In English: "Seoul, Korea, May
23, 1902. Lately the Police Headquarters
ordered to forbid the servants, etc,, to
run the horses fastly on the -big streets
as they sometimes pressed the children
down and hurted them on the ground and
the Police stopped a Mapoo running a
horse hardly on Its back, but a number
of Soldiers came along .quickly and cap
tured the Police away.'
The Japanese Army is equipped, organ
ized and drilled like a European army,
and many of its officers have received
their education In European countries,
says an exchange. Conscription was in
troduced into Japan in 1874 and the reg
ulations now in force were adopted In
1SS3. Every male citizen between the
ages of 17 and 40 years owes military
service, which Is given three years In
tho active Aiany, four years In the First
Reserve, five years in the Territorial
Army and 11 years in the National Army
or the Second Reserve. The aggregate is
8116 officers and 135,533 men on a peaco
footing. The war strength Is 302,220 men
and 1093 guns, the reserves excluded.
A parrot fish In a New York aquarium is
said to be responsible for a good deal
of gambling among the small boys. It
has strips of blue and red and has yellow
eyes. As the fish turns In the water It
looks red at one time and blue at another.
When a crowd is about the parrot fish
tank, cries of "Come, you blue!" "Coma
you red!" may be heard, with the snap
ping of fingers, such as players at crap
games are accustomed to. The big par
rot fish makes frequent "turn-overs." and
when it straightens out again the an
nouncement comes. "Red wins," or "Blu
wins." as the case may be, and the gam
ing youngsters settle their bets on the
color of the fish on the turn-over.
Abraham Lincoln and an Illinois farmer
had long been friends; and the latter had
written an everyday sort of letter In
which he said, among other things, that
he had been In poor health. Out In
Illinois, they are able to this day to
quote what is called "Lincoln's prescrip
tion," sent to tho farmer in reply by
the President- "Do not worry," it read.
"J2at three square meals a day. Say your
prayers. Think of your wife. Be court
eous to your creditors. Keep your di
gestion good. Steer clear of biliousness.
Exercise. Go slow and go easy. Maybe
there are other things that your special
case requires to make you happy, but,
my dear friend, these, I reckon, will
give you a good lift."
PLEASANTRIES OP PARAGRAPHERS
If tho people who can't write had the brains
of those who can. And those who can had tha
skill of those who can't, what a glorious lit
erature we would soon have. Life.
The Obstacle. George I proposed to that girl
and would have married her If It hadn't been
for something sho said. Fred What did she
say? George No! Brooklyn Lite.
Times Have Changed. The Prodigal The fa
ther In tho Bible story, dad. killed the fatted
calf for his son. The Old Man Tep; but ha
wasn't up against the Beef Trust. I reckon.
Judge.
HJs First Impression. It was the first tlmo
little Alfred had ever seen a shredded-wheat
biscuit. Leaning over, he whispered In his
mother's ear: "Oh, mamma, what did they
soak that Turkish wash-rag In milk for?"
Chicago News.
Accidental. "Wot d that tenderfoot thet came
here last week die of?" asked Terror Ike, of
Stony Gulch. "Throat trouble. Th", boys was
playln' throwln a rope over a limb, an ha
got hl3 head caught In the noose." Baltimore
News.
American Nabobs. JJpton Who Is that man?
Ho acts as If he owned the earth. Downtpn
Oh, he'll get over that In a few days. Hrs a
good fellow at heart, but he has Just been on
a vacation, and he rode both ways In a palaco
car. Now York Weekly.