THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY, "MAY 1S02.
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TODAY'S "WEATHER Partly cloudy, with
occasional showers; south to west winds.
YESTERDAY'S "WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 54; minimum temperature, 43; pre
cipitation. 0.23 inch.
PORTLAND, THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1002.
STATE AXD LOCAL EXPENDITURE.
A perennial subject of protest and
grumble Is taxation. Nobody, It seems,
llkea to pay taxes. But, as a rule, they
who roar loudest about taxes pay least
taxes, or none at all. They are very
commonly consumers of taxes, "whose
profession Is office-holding; and of
course their interest In the subject be
comes specially acute and intense, as
the next election approaches. Then
they break out In strains of fresh and
perfervid eloquence. Their sympathy
with the taxpayer is extreme. But
their own salaries and emoluments
from the public treasury they go on
drawing, all the time, holding on to
one office, if possible, till they can get
another.
Expenses of our state government and
of our local governments have grown
greatly during several years past. They
never will be less, but certainly will
be more. The reason is that the people
are continually demanding more and
more, from Legislature, from County
Courts, from Common Councils, from
School Directors from every agency of
government. There is a tendency, too,
as there ever has been, to multiply
offices to an extent beyond actual pub
lic needs; and that tendency, as we
grow in, population and property,-and
in the multiplied activities of a larger
life, will continue. Oregon spends more
money on government this year than it
spent last; it will spend more next year
than it spends this; within a few years
the present expenditure, which is dou
ble what it was a few years ago, will
be doubled again. More and more will
be wanted by the people, ana the Leg
islature will be forced to respond. "What
county wouldn't raise a roar If its sup
ply for such public Institutions as it
may contain were cut off or refused?
Taxation for local purposes, too. will
lceep pace with the wants of the people
and with their ability to pay, always
a little overstrained. Counties want
and will have roads and bridges and
Courthouses and various public Im
provements; cities and towns and school
districts will have continual and in
creasing wants; and If the community
is in the least progressive, more will
be wanted each successive year.
In the levy of taxes a proportion is
sought between the wants of the public
service and the ability of the people to
pay. The people will have as many
things as they think they can pay for.
Of course, it Is an average judgment,
and hence there will always be individ
ual grumblers against those expendi
tures which such persona deem unneces
sary and excessive. Nevertheless, the
work of organized society goes on, and
It must be paid for, and increasing
sums will be spent for public purposes'
every year. The Oregonian therefore
will say, very frankly, that It does not
expect to see state taxes or local taxes
reduced. No one who looks Into things,
or below the surface of things, ex
pects it.
Moreover, there is an element of reck
lessness in public expenditure not based
merely on calculated wants. There is
clamor for appropriations for the state
school at Ashland, and for the fish
hatchery on the Columbia, because the
representatives of those places In the
Legislature feel that their own localities
have to pay but email part of them,
and the state at large will pay. This
goes through the Legislature on a gen
eral scheme, In which the representa
tives from one part of the state help
those from other parts; and the mem
bers are expected by the people of their
respective counties to get the results
that each county has set its heart on.
AH that each county gets out of the
public treasury It considers so much
gain. The people do not stop to think
that It increases the general taxation;
or, if they did, the locality that gets the
appropriation considers Itself so much
the gainer.
Mr. Chamberlain makes a speech the
same speech, -substantially, wherever he
appeara It Is an outcry against public
expenditure. The state government
costs more money than It did formerly;
appropriations of every nature are
heavier. The excess he calls "extrava
gances"; and yet If he were Governor
they would be the same or greater, and
the last year that he was Governor
would require more money than the
first. What appropriations that the
various localities of the state demand
would be stopped by his veto? For the
schools at Ashland and at "Weston?
For the State University? For the Ag
ricultural College? For the state and
district agricultural societies? For the
salmon . hatcheries? For maintenance
of the numerous departments at the
capital? Support of the state will be
asked for the Lewis and Clark Centen
nial Exposition. Would he veto that?
The truth Is, the talk of Mr. Chamber
lain on this subject is chaff, stuff and
nonsense. The next Legislature will ap
propriate more money than the last one
appropriated, and if he should be Gov
ernor he would approve the appropria
tions. Connected with fees provided for state
officials there is a real abuse; but Mr.
Chamberlain does not deal Ingenuously
with it. He points out that the pay of
officials Is fixed by the constitution,
and yet by the expedient of fees and
payment for extra services the com
pensation has been, carried "beyond the
constitutional limitation." All these
fees and emoluments should be cut off,
because they are unconstitutional; and
yet if Mr. Chamberlain were elected
he would want more pay than the $1500
which the constitution allows. So that,
although he had declared that the pay
of the Governor ought not to exceed
the constitutional limit, and that it was
an outrage that the limit should have
been exceeded, nevertheless, before he
gets through his studied speech, he says
he has "no doubt but that the Legisla
ture has the power to place the consti
tutional officers on fiat salaries (mean
ing salaries greater than those fixed in
the constitution), notwithstanding the
APPARENT limitation in the consti
tution itself." How's that for an expo
sition of the fundamental law? These
statements are taken from reports
printed by newspapers to which "Mr.
Chamberlain furnished advance copies
of his speech. They expose his method
of dealing with the subject. He Is actu
ated not by solicitude for the taxpayer,
but by solicitude for votes; yet wants
to save his ground, so that In case he
should be elected he would not be-limited
to the salary fixed by the constitu
tion. This Is a subject to be dealt with In
all sincerity, not by the methods of
politicians on a hunt for votes. Whether
one person or another be elected Gov
ernor, there will be no reduction of the
expenditures of the state. On the con
trary, appropriations will still Increase,
for the people will demand and expect
mqre from the Legislature, and taxa
tion from year to year will be pushed
about to the limit which it may be sup
posed property and business will bear.
It has been so many years, and so will
continue. No man, no party, will cut
down the expenditures of the State of
Oregon. And every person of practical
Judgment knows It. The state grows,
and the clothes of a boy will not fit a
man.
EXTEJD THE PRI3IARY LAW.
Minnesota's experience with primary
elections proceeds altogether In the di
rection of Increased scope for popular
choice. No one can doubt that this will
be true also in Oregon. The present
law will never be repealed. It will only
be made more comprehensive In method
and in application.
It will be remembered that one of the
obvious defects which the Oregon law
discovered upon its initial trial in
March was the declaration wrung from
each voter as to the party of his choice.
This was felt to infringe upon Indi
vidual liberty of action and Impair se
crecy of tiie ballot It seems they have
had this same trouble in St Paul, and
the demand naturally is for. return to
the blanket ballot approved at .Minne
apolis, under which the voter marks
one set of candidates at his pleasure,
folds his ballot and goes off. Nobody
asks him how he is going to vote, and
nobody knows.
The full peril of this rule of declara
tion has been disclosed at St Paul by
examination of the lists subsequent to
the primary election. In St. Paul the
voter is required, as he Is here, to de
clare his party, and the record Is kept
as It is here, though apparently In a
different way; for whereas here we keep
the primary list of the several parties
in separate poll-books, -there the desig
nation is written on the book after the
name. Since election the lists have
been examined for fraudulent vomers.
Some have been found, and a contro-'
versy Is on as to which party is responsible-
for the more frauds. The
whole situation moves the Minneapolis
Tribune to remark:
This Is certainly In the interest of political
morality and good order, but what becomes of
the sacred secrecy of the ballot? Here Is pal
pable evidence of how completely It has disap
peared under our primary law. If one person
may examine these lists, so may another. The
voter Is required, not only to declare his party
preference when he takes a ballot at the prima
ries, but to put it on permanent record for the
Inspection of any one who may obtain access
to the lists. This may make for political mor
als, but we doubt Its validity under the Con
stitution. Tho voter can maintain the secrecy
of his election ballot only by making a false
declaration when he takes his primary ballot,
and throwing away his vote for his own party
at that election. The courts may find a way to
sustain this, but we are Inclined to think It
"will be- found wiser to amend the law and se
cure secrecy ay the use of some form of Aus
tralian ballot at the primaries.
This comment Is as pertinent to the
Oregon as to the Minnesota Jaw. The
Oregon law should be amended so as
to provide a blanket ballot upon which
the voter can mark his candidates at his
pleasure in absolute secrecy. It should
be extended over other parts of the
state, and further amended so that the
voter will select the candidates for of
fice directly Instead of mere delegates
to conventions.
The effort should be to get the control
of politics out of the hands of political
manipulators and into the hands of the
people. The amendments we have sug
gested will not please the bosses of any
party or faction. The result would be
to circumscribe their power. But it Is
none the less desirable and just. The
offices are not the property of the
bosses, though they seem to think so.
They belong to the people, and it Is The
Oregonian's humble opinion that the
people are competent to attend to the
matter without Interference from self
appointed dictators.
THE PJRESIDEXT IN A FIX.
It needed no prophet to foresee that
President Roosevelt's several moves
against, monopolistic trusts would
arouse the active, opposition of the In
terests affected. The trusts didn't want
him in the first place for Governor of
New York, and the more they saw of
him the less they liked him. They In
sisted upon his nomination for Vice
President at Philadelphia, partly be
cause they wanted to get rid of him
as Governor of New York, and partly
because they were afraid he would be
come President, and the best place they
knew pf to silence his voice and re
press his activity was the Vice-Presidency.
The sequel shows that however
shrewdly they calculated, fate over
ruled them. President McKinley was
re-elected, but his second administra
tion passed into Roosevelt's hands al
most as soon as It began. There are
three years, of Roosevelt ahead, and
unless something can be done the power
of the Administration will be steadily
directed against the trusts and for the
people's Interests. It Is not surprising
that President J. J. Hill, of the rail
road trusts, bestirs himself at Wash
ington in opposition to Roosevelt's re
nomination. It will not be surprising If
a powerful cabal be built up In Con
gress of men who are beholden to the
trusts and who can be arrayed against
the President Senators, especially, like
Hanna and Quay, are very prone to
organize themselves Into' antagonism
to a President who rejects their desires
in order to serve the general welfare.
It means a good deal to the people of
the United States, and especially to the
people of the Pacific Coast, on whose
railroads and products the trust has
been quick to lay its hands, that a man
Is In the White House who dares to
stand by the laws and the public good,
even in defiance of such powerful Inter
ests as Wall street can summon to its
aid. Every man who admires courage
and honesty in high station and hopes
at all to see a check administered to
the monopolistic tendencies of the day
should welcome the opportunity to ten
der a vote of confidence in the Presi
dent Such an opportunity will occur
in Oregon June 2.
ANOTHER "LOST CAUSE.'
General MacArthur, like the brave
soldier he is, comes forward to claim
full responsibility for the methods em
ployed in the capture of Agulnaldo.
That episode ha3 been the excuse for
much denunciation of General Funston
by the antis. They Idolized Agulnaldo
as an effective enemy of the United
States, and it grieved them sore to hear
of his being Inconvenienced, to say
nothing of capture and actual Imprison
ment Hence they have deprecated
every means used to bring about his
arrest He should, tney say, have had
full warning and a chance to escape.
Funston and his men should have gone
boldly in their own uniforms Into the
Filipino chieftain's stronghold, where
they mlghtave been cut down without
difficulty and thus have furnished an
anti-imperialist holiday of more than
ordinary glee. To all of which General
MacArthur's pertinent and conclusive
answer is that such deceptions are fre
quently practiced In war, and the act Is
Justified by its results. And of course
he Is right Human nature and war
Itself have not greatly changed since
Virgil wrote
Quls dolus an virtus in hoste requlrat?
(In the case of an enemy, who. In
quires whether it Is deception or truth?)
It so happens that Agulnaldo, since
his capture, has proven of value to the
United States by the admirable advice
he has given his countrymen, so much
so that his influence in the way of peace
has forfeited him the erstwhile admira
tion of the antis, to whom nothing Is
dearer than spirited resistance In the
Philippines to American arms. What
he said was this:
After mature deliberation, I resolutely pro
claim to tho world that I cannot refuse to heed
the volco of a people longing for peace, nor
the lamentations of thousands of families
yearning to see their dear ones enjoying tho
liberty and the promised generosity of the
great American Nation.
By acknowledging and accepting the sover
eignty of the United States throughout the
Philippine Archipelago, as I now do, and with
out any reservation whatsoever. I believe that I
am serving thee, my beloved country. May
happiness be thine!
There Is a striking resemblance here,
as the Independent, we think, has
pointed out, to the counsel given by
Southern leaders to their people at the
close of the Civil War. They abated
nothing of their loyalty to their section
an4 their region, but they saw that re
sistance was hopeless and that the
South was really going to be better off
conquered than if it Tiad been victori
oua They served the South when they
accepted American sovereignty.
Among the many parallels between
the secession of the South and the se
cession of the Philippines, none Is more
Impressive than this advice of Aguln
aldo to his countrymen. Consent was
forced upon the governed In the first
place, was willingly given later on, and
In the end resulted for the larger lib
erty of the pacified territory.
WAR AND PEACE.'
Major-General Brooke recently said
in a speech that "It is necessary to do
things in war that are not done in
peace." This Is true because actual war
4s a grim business of life and death.
The discipline of an army Is despotic,
and from the standpoint of civic free
dom seems brutal. To illustrate: At
the battle of Gettysburg General Meade
rode along hla lines and ordered that
the file-closers of every regiment be In
structed if any man started for the rear
without orders and refused to resume
his place In the ranks to shoot him on
the spot At the battle of Chancellors
ville General Meade met an officer run
ning to the rear, and upon his refusal
to halt and face about shot him. The
penalty for striking an officer In the
armies of Continental Europe is today,
or was until a very recent date, death.
The punishments .for shirking in the
Army of the Potomac were very severe.
They would seem Intolerable In the
business of peace, but an army cannot
as a whole be made into a machine that
will stand up firmly under deadly fire
unless the men know that they cannot
go tQ the rear without orders except at
the peril of being shot It is absolutely
necessary to make flight in presence of
the enemy desertion, which Will cost the
fugitive his life without form of trial.
It Is necessary In operations that In
volve life and death to make the soldier
understand that absolute, unquestion
ing obedience must be rendered to his
commanding officer; that refusal to obey
subjects him to possible death penalty
as a mutineer. At the battle of Gettys
burg an officer of the Fourth United
States Infantry ordered one of his sol
diers to carry a message promptly to
the division commander. The man re
fused, saying he was worn out by the
long march made to reach the battle
field. His officer said: "We are In bat
tle; this message must go at once; if I
accept your excuse, the next man will
refuse; discipline will be extinct; we can
spare no men for guarding prisoners on
the battle-field. You must obey at once
or accept the consequences." The sol
dier repeated his refusal; his officer at
once cut him down with his sword, and
gave the order to the next man, who at
once obeyed. The officer asked for a
court of inquiry, which promptly ex
onerated him. Men are hanged as spies
in war. An ex-officer of the regular
Army was executed as a spy by General
Rosecrans. The franc-tlreurs, French
Irregulars, met short shrift in squads
at the hands of the German troops;
they were shot In squads when cap
tured, without any trial. The order of
the German officer who captured them
was sufficient authority.
These facts are worth remembering
I whea we read assaults upon the meth-
ods of our Army in the Philippines by
blatant sensational demagogues like
Representative Sibley, of Pennsylvania.
A Filipino boy or a woman old enough
to use a rifle or handle a bolo with
murderous effect ought to be shot as
promptly as we were wont to kill In
dian equaws and boys when armed with
deadly weapons and using them with
effect
FREE SUGAR A DREAM.
The sugar trust professes a willing
ness to do without the duty on refined
sugar if It can have free raw sugar.
It is Impossible to take the assertion
at Its face value so long as other ave
nues of explanation are open. The
object of the sugar trust, as derived
from long experience, is not the incul
cation of correct knowledge among the
people, but the emolument of Have
meyer. In the first place, free trade In sugar
is an impossibility, and nobody knows
It better than the refiners do. Hence
the air of cheerful expectation with
which they look upon tariff abolishment
is for the mo3t part assumed. They
want us to think they will welcome free
sugar. Perhaps In that .case we shall
look mora, kindly upon thfelr monopoly.
Nothing affords so convenient a
source of revenue as sugar. Every
time that man, woman or child puts
spoon to mouth there is something as
sured to the Government by way of
taxes. Income is something Uncle Sam
.has no present notion of doing without,
for It has supplied film in the last three
years with something like $150,000,000 a
sum which in Philippine war time Is not
to be despised. We cut the duty off
sugar once and the surplus dropped
from J105.000.000 in 1890 to $2,000,000 in
1S93. We are not likely to repeat the
experiment No party covets a deficit
A tariff will be maintained on sugar, if
for no other purpose than for revenue;
and a cent a pound, is powerful protec
tion to either refiner or grower.
It Is doubtless true that the readjust
ment of sugar duties on purely revenue
lines would harm neither the sugar
trust nor the consumers, probably not
even the growers. But nobody expects
such a result from Allison and Aldrich.
When the Havemeyer Interest says:
The American Sugar Refining Company Is
financially and physically able to stand any
fair legislation that may be enacted. The re
moval of the differential on refined sugar can
be withstood by the company, but can the- beet
sugar Interests stand free refined 'sugar and
free raw sugar? The trust can.
It simply means to scare the beet
men Into renewed activity to defeat the
House bill la the Senate. It is expect
ed that the sugar trust will dictate the
sugar duties. But it ought in decency
to forbear posing before the country as
an educational and moral agency.
The first Installment of Miss Ellen
Stone's narrative of her capture by Bul
garian brigands, and her detention six
months in the Balkan Mountains, ap
pears in the current number of Mc
Clure's Magazine. The story reads like
a welra romance of the Middle Ages,
yet the reader Is Impressed with the
simple truthfulness of the recital and
the absence of all sensational detail
given for effect The narrative fur
nishes another chapter to the lolfg story
of womanly heroism and endurance,
and illustrates the missionary spirit
that inspires devotional natures to do
all and dare all In support of the Chris
tian idea. Zeal In missionary work will
possibly be enhanced rather than
checked by the perusal of this tale of
captivity, since there Is something at
tractive in martyrdom to thoserwho feel
that the very truth Is theirs and that
they are distinctly called upon to pro
claim It.
Minister Wu Ting Fang has also. It
appears, learned that penalty is likely
to follow too much talking, even In a
Republic He has declined an invita
tion to deliver an address at a school
commencemnt at Mllledgevllle, Ga., on
account of severe criticisms In the Sen
ate and elsewhere upon some of his re
cent utterancea He and General Miles
might condole with each other In
strict privacy, of course, and under mu
tual pledge of secrecy over the attempt
made In high places to restrict the ex
ercise of free speech in this country.
Major-General John R. Brooke, U. S.
A., at the recent banquet of the Empire
State Society, Sons of the American
Revolution, In New York City, spoke on
"The Army," and, among other things,
said: "The officers In the armies of
other nations said that there was no
loot by the United States soldiers In
China. I say now that there has been
no brutality by our soldiers In the Phil
ippines." General Brooke, like every
other American officer, will doubtless
promptly be pronounced a liar by the
antis.
An Army officer writes to Harper's
Weekly In support of the idea 'that a
definite Philippine policy should be
adopted, and then, whatever the de
cision, the minority should "quietly
yield." The natural inference would be
that the man doesn't know our unyield
ing and vociferous antis, but Harper's
Weekly says he fo "a very lntellgent
correspondent." He Is evidently, then,
a humorist
If Gefieral Miles has learned thor
oughly the great value of silence to a
man In his position, and will rigidly
practice the lesson, he is not likely to
be disturbed by forced retirement from
the Army. It is but reasonable to sup
pose that he will bridle his tongue in
his own interests, since in such behalf
be has been heretofore prompt and
persistent in action.
Admiral and Mrs. Schley are visiting
Memphis and enjoying true Southern
hospitality. Accounts of the reception
given them In that city a few days
ago suggest ancient history, so swiftly
do events follow events in this era of
activity, each quickly overshadowing
the other. The moral here Is plain.
"We are but shadows moving in a
show."
An article from the St. Louis Globe
Democrat, reprinted on this page, Is
very much to the point It would be a
brave exploit Indeed, for Oregon to elect
for the Lewis and Clark Centennial year
a Governor standing on an anti-expansion
platform!
Senator Rawlins, it appears, was er
roneously reported as having called
Chaffee a "dastardly villain." His ac
tual words- were "dastard villain." The
difference justifies a speech lrl the Sen
ate. Great are Senatorial courtesy" and
accuracy!
A bright light in the world of humor
went out with the life of Sol Smith Rus
sell. His mourners are nol confined to
his family, nor yet to the theatrical
profession. They dwell in every city
of the land and their name le legion.
WHY OREGON OPPOSES "SCUTTLE"
St. Louis Globe-Democrat -There
la a special reason why all good
citizens of Oregon should oppose the
Democratic party in the canvass for Etate
offices now under way. The Democracy,
In ito platform, called for the abandon
ment of the Philippines. The Republi
cans, of course, demanded the retention
of the islands, and also demanded that
home rule should be extended to them
Just as fast and just as far as they may
be prepared to use it wisely. The issue
a between the -two parties is clean cut.
There are two sides to this question of
the Philippines. The Republicans bold
one of these sides, and the Democrats
are on the other.
In 1S05 there will be a great exposition
In Portland, Or., to celebrate the hun
dredth anniversary of the Lewis and
Clark exploration, which made known to
the American people for the first time
tho interior of the province' of Louisiana,
which Bonaparte had Just sold to Jeffer
son. Lewis and Clark did more than
reveal to the American people something
about the physical character and capa
bilities of the immense empire which had
just been bought from France. They es
tablished one of the earliest and one of
the strongest of the claims which the
United States gained to the vast ex
panse called the Oregon country, comprls
lng the present otates of Oregon, Wash
ington and Idaho and parts of the states
of Montana and Wyoming.
The celebration which Oregon and the
entire Pacific Coast is to hold in 1905 at
Oregon's principal city is to commemo
rate on of the greatest of expansions
which the American people ever achieved,
the one which won for the United States
all that vast stretch "of territory west
of the Rocky Mountains and north of the
California line. The Governor who Is
to be elected In Oregon a few wceko
hence will bo in office at the time of
the exposition of 1S95, and will neces
sarily be one of the greatest personages
at the fair. There would be a manifest
absurdity In having a Governor assist at
this National expansion centennial who
stands on a platform hostile to expan
sion. However, there Is not the faintest
chance that any such person will be elect
ed. Oregon, as well as all the rest of
the Pacific Coast region. Is devoted to
the principle which brought that emplro
under the Stars and Stripes. The Re
publicans of Oregon will win a decisive
victory In the election of June 2, 1902.
ONE ON CHAMBERLAIN.
Eugene Register.
The jQke seems to be on Chamberlain.
In his speech at Baker City, where he
opened the Democratic campaign in dis
cussing the Philippine question, he de
clared that.
The Philippine archipelago and Porto Rico
have been finally added to our territory by
treaty. That they belong to the United States
there can be no question.
Chamberlain seems to have gotten hold
of the Philippine clause in the Democratic
platform that was not adopted, and over
which the platform committee had such a
row. The first draft of the Philippine
plank contained the following:
Annexation of the Philippines is an accom
plished fact, and the Democrats of Oregon yield
to Irrevocable events, and believe in turning
them to tho mutual benefit of the American
and Filipino peoples.
It will be remembered that the Demo
cratic platform committee, after they had
drafted the Philippine plank, while it
expressed the real sentiment of Oregon
Democracy, they found that It read so
much like the Republican plank that they
had tb'change it in order to keep from
completely adopting the Republican plat
form from top to bottom. Consequently
a scuttle plank was framed and with the
assurance that it opposed the Republican
policy in the Islands it was gladly adopt
ed by the Democrats. Chamberlain must
Insist on getting out of the Philippines if
he intends to 'stand by the Democratic
platform.
a
IX CLATSOP COUNTY.
Straight Support of the Republican
Ticket.
Astoria News.
The entire Republican ticket will be
elected in this state. So with the Clatsop
County ticket almost without exception.
It is an extra strong ticket within itself,
and the party in this county was never so
united. The ancient bickerings have been
buried, and all are pulling together for
success of the entire ticket
Furnish will run up with his ticket here.
There is no disaffection In tho ranks
toward the head of the ticket Of course
Dunbar will run far ahead of the ticket
in Clatsop as he always does.
Thi effort of the Democratic leaders to
make this a merely local question will
not succeed, though the Republicans
have no cause to fear 6uch an issue.
Yet the great controlling question
in this campaign on this coast, es
pecially in Oregon, -will be the dis
posal . of the Philippine Islands.
The Democrats wish to turn It over to
themselves. The Republicans wish to hold
on to them until it can be determined by
actual knowledge whether they are flit
for self-government Then they propose
to allow them that boon If entitled to have
It In the Judgment of the American Con
gress. The Republican party thinks it owe3
a debt to the world not to turn these peo
ple out to shift for themselves, without
they are capable of dealing with the world
honorably and efficiently. They are a
heritage from the Spanish War.
True, we want their commerce, and that
also determines the question of our super
vision over their growth into self-government
Wc wish to train them to be de
pendencies of Uncle Sam in commerce.
We have an eye, to business, a thing the
Democracy never has been charged with
having. Soon there will be peace In the
entire archipelago, and then settled gov
ernment will have a fair test with these
people. Meantime, the people propose to
trust the settlement of the problem to
the Republican party.
Tobacco Habit Among: Students.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Dr. Herbert Flak, of the Northwestern
University, believes he has gathered sta
tistics which prove that the uso of to
bacco is Incompatible with the use of
brains. He declares that among hl3 stu
dents scholarship is in inverse ratio to
smoke, and adds:
The students who get low marks, of course,
say It 1 not due to tobacco. A somewhat care
ful observation of facts has convinced us that
It li tobacco. Last year not one of the boys
who used tobacco stood In the first rank of
scholarship. This has been the usual rule. One
year, out of the 33 pupils In the first rank of
scholarship, there was one user of tobacco. The
largest percentage of tobaoco users Is found In
the fifth rank of scholarship.
Undoubtedly the tobacco habit among
the young should be discouraged, but wo
are afraid that not much can be accom
plished throush such statistics. The trou
ble Is that Imitative youth founds Itself
on the example of manhood, and In the
very pursuit of knowledge it is fasci
nated by the. smoking example of Tenny
son and Carlyle and Lowell and other
great men who beat a Pennsylvania
Railroad chimney. Either In their own
works or In the works of their biograph
ies it appears that the Immortal trio
whom we have named were soaked in
nicotine and could not get enough. The
references to pipes gives a rich' meer
schaum color to the narrative, and we
can imagine the enthusiastic student be
coming convinced that the pipe is an es
sential of good literature. After reading
how Carlyle kept at it from morning till
night he would resolve to cultivate his
brain in the same fashion. Of course it
is a ridiculous confusion of cause and
effect but youth Is strangely Impression
able, and possibly some of the Intellec
tually ambitious boys among Dr. Flak's
pupils are puffllng away with all their
might just to reach the Carlyle stand-
ard.
THE WHITMAN LEGEND.
Seattle Times.
Edward Gaylord Bourne, professor of
history at Yale and editor of the Yale
hReview. considers tho accepter version of
Marcus Whitman's journey ast In 1S12-3
purely fictitious. "The growth and diffu
sion of the legend of Marcus Whitman is
one of the strangest things in the litera
ture of American history." he writes in
the New- York Times Review. "Readers
who are Interested in the Whitman story
will find a detailed literary history of it
in my 'Essays in Historical Criticism.'
They will also find there the indisputable
contemporary evidence from letters - of
Mr. and Mrs. Whitman, the record of
the American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions, and the letters and jour
nal of Whitman's missionary coueague,
Eikanah Walker, that ,thc accepted ver
sion of the journey is fictitious."
Professor Bourne adds that "the gen
eral acceptance of this story by -writers
of text books on history has been owing
to the fact that William Barrow's Oregon
in the American commonwealth series has
been assumed to be trustworthy history,
when, as a matter of fact. It is one of the
most remarkable perversions of history
ever published."
It is certainly remarkable that this
question -has not been positively settled.
Those who doubt that Marcus Whitman
made the journey East In 1S42-3 In com
pany with Mr. Lovcjoy (who we are paintd
to learn from Mrs. Whitmans letter was
not a Christian: Mrs. Whitman naively
adding that he was a lawyer!) must be
willing skeptics. That he did go is cer
tain: the reason for his going is not so
clear.
On September 29, 1S42. Mrs. Whitman
wrote to her brother and sister: "I sit
down to write to you, but In great haste.
My beloved husband has about concluded
to start next Monday to go to the United
States, the dear land of our birth, but
I remain behind. ... If you are still
In Quincy you may not see him until his
return, as his business requires great
haste. He wishes to reach Boston as ear
ly as possible so as to make arrange
ments to return next Summer, if pros
pered. The interests of the missionary
cause In this country call him home."
On the following day she wrote to her
parents: "You will be surprised If this
letter reaches you to learn that the bearer
Is my dear husband. ... I cheerfully
consent to remain behind, that the ob
ject of his almost immediate presence in
the land of our birth might, If possible,
bo accomplished." In this letter Mrs.
Whitman repeats that Mr. Lovcjoy is not
a Christian, but a lawyer! and that he
expects "to accompany her husband all
the way to Boston, and perhaps to Wash
ington." It may bo wondered why he did
not go first to Washington, if he really
went In such haste to save Oregon. Mrs.
Dye, in "McLoughlln and 0!d Oregon"
refers to this and explains It thus: "It
will never do," she makes Whitman say,
"to let the Hudson's Bay Company know
what I am after. Delegate me to Boston."
It does not, however, seem probable
that Mrs. Whitman would have considered
it necessary to write such a falsehood to
her own relatives, especially as the let
ters containing it were carried in person
by her husband, who, she writes, "will
explain when you see him. as I have not
time to write. . . . He goes upon Impor
tant business as connected with the mis
sionary cause, the cause of Christ In this
land. . . . He goes with the advice and
entire 'confidence of his brethren in the
mission."
The writer believes In the Whitman
story which Professor Bourne calls a
"legend," Still, it may not be true: and
in history truth Is preferable to poetry.
True or false, it has been the cause of a
remarkable and at times bitter contro
versy. In 1SS5 Dr. William McKay, of
Pendleton, a son of Thomas McKay, of
pioneer fame, testified that he was in
Ohio in 1813, being then nearly 20 yeaTS
old, and received there a letter from Dr.
Whitman, dated at Washington, D. C.
Another Poem of "Ware's.
Chicago Inter-Ocean.
Eugene Ware, of Kansas, who has been
appointed by the President to succeed H.
Clay Evans as Commissioner of Pensions,
although a resident of the West since boy
hood, is a native of Hartford. Conn. He
is 60 years of age. He went into the
Army at the outbreak of the Rebellion,
and he claim5 to have picked up the rudi
ments of his present liberal education
while serving in the Seventh Illinois Cav
alry. He entered the war a private and
came out of it a Captain. Since then he
has acquired several languages and has
achieved considerable fame as a writer
and a poet After the Civil War he en
tered the newspaper business and was
"Bob" Burdette's predecessor on the Bur
lington Hawk-Eye. Mr. Ware went to
Kansas In 1867, primarily for his health.
Then he continued the study of law, and
was admitted to the bar. He Is a success
ful lawyer, but he finds his highest pleas
ure In literature. Hl3 best-known poem
of late years la his "Alabam," written In
the early days of the Spanish War, when
it was doubtful if Alabama would fill her
quota. These are the lines that Kansas
Is supposed to be speaking:
Are you there, are you there, Alabam?
There seems to be a lot of trouble coming.
There's music In the air, Alabam:
The music of the fifing and the drumming.
Be my pard, be my pard.
And we'll fight them mighty hard,
Alabam.
Our old war made it plain, Alabam.
That neither one was lacking spunk or metal,
This little round with Spain, Alabam.
Has got a question I would like to settle.
Can you march day and night.
And outfight me in the fight,
Alabam?
If you should If you should. Alabam.
My. sunflower ori'your bosom I'Hbe pinning;
Mlghr feel sore but I would Alabam:
I'd honor both the hero and the winning.
Here's to you here's to you.
And to what we both can do.
Alabam.
Use the Safety Valve.
New York Tribune.
The doings of last Friday showed that
the beet-sugar men, despite all their pro
fessions of loyalty to protection, voted for
a greater reduction of protection than the
advocates of reciprocity had proposed. In
spite of their solicitude lest the Dlngley
tariff be thrown into the Legislative melting-pot,
they themselves did all in their
power thus to deal with it. Seldom has
anything in politics been more completely
demonstrated than that the true sup
porters and friends of protection to Amer
ican Industry are those who would keep
the safety-valve of reciprocity In working
order, and not those who would defiantly
screw it down until an explosion occurs.
Basis of Mr. Lowell's Opinion.
Corvallls Gazette.
Mr. Lowell is quite sure that Mr. Fur
nish Is not the right man for Governor,
and as Mr. Furnish beat Mr. Lowell for
this office, Mr. Lowell's opinion ought to
settle the question.
Ruth. y ,
Thomas Hood.
She stood breast high amid the corn.
Clasped by the bolden light of morn.
Like the sweetheart of the sun,
Who many a glowing kiss had won.
On her cheek an autumn flush
Deeply ripened: such a blush
In the midst of brown was born, '
Like red poppies grown with corn. -
Round her eyes her tresses fell.
Which were blackest none could tell;
But long lashes veiled a light
That had else been all too bright.
And her hat, with shady brim.
Made her tressy forehead dim.
Thus she stood amid the stocks.
Praising God with sweetest looks.
Sure, I said. Heaven did not mean
Where I reap thou shouldst but glean;
' Lay thy sheaf adown and come, -Share
ray harvest and my home.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
At ruling prices, Bryan's 5130 heifer
could be profitably turned into a "beef
critter."
J. P. Morgan can eat beef three times
a day if he wants to, but he can't make
thfc rest of the world do it. l
Ah! ill-requited honest toll,
No wondr Morgan hollers,
For building trusts he oniy gets
?11.COU,000. s
Congress can hardly expect to attract
any attention now that the. National
Golf Association 13 in session.
In the morning call me early.
Call me early, mother, dear.
For tomorrow will be the day that we
Of right may drink bock beer.
England is offering the Boers a 'bunch
of money to quit, but the Boers say they
will keep en fighting if Morgan himself
tries to buy them off.
The grasping meat trust magnates.
Although they scheme and plan.
Are np against a paradox.
They can't sell all they can.
The man who robbed the Halsey bar
ber shop is In custody, and Is repent
ing his rashness In robbing a barber
shop when talk Is so cheap.
It is some satisfaction to knew that
the deaf boy who organized a panic in
a Philadelphia factory will probably get
his hearing in a police court.
If John D. Rockefeller feels the need
of making a Httlc money on the slda
he can pose for the "bofore using" pic
tures in the hair restorer advertisement?.
Who captured Agulnaldo?
"I." said Funston. "by St. Dunstan,
I captured Agulnaldo."
Who laid the plan?
"I," said MacArthur. "and I'll go farther
I'm the responsible man."
"Who gets the credit?
"I." said Root. and. Teddy to boot,
"We get the credit."
Nearly 2000 miles of graded roads have
been built in the State of Georgia in the
last 10 years, and under a law passed
In 1S91 the various counties now ralso
$400,000 annually for road making and:
mending. The state law permits the em
ployment of chain gangs of misdemeanor
convicts on road making as a relief to
hired free labor. The State of North
Carolina works Its convicts upon the pub
lic roads, and the State of New Jersey
evicts all tramps and employs them on
the work of building improved highways.
Rev. James Dodds, of Titusvllle,
Pa., tells the following story on himself:
"After preaching one Sunday morning
to a country congregation I was invited
to dinner at the home of a member of
the congregation. When we were all
seated at tho table my hostess discovered
that the napkins had been neglected.
These were soon provided, however, and,
as I adjusted mine, the small boy of
the family, who had begged for a scat
beside me, looked up at me and gravely
remarked: 'Mamma, don't give me one,
because I don't slobber.' "
The manager of a life insurance com
pany recently received the following let
ter from a policy holder: "I hold a pol
icy In your company for $20,000. on which
I have paid the yearly premiums. I
nave now to Inform you that my physi
cian advised me that I have a pronounced
case of appendicitis, and his a'ngnosls
Is confirmed by a specialist whom I havo
consulted, I am told the only hope of
saving my life is an operation, which,
with hospital expenses, will" cost $S00,
an amount that I havo no means to
pay. I am sensible that I owe It to you,
who have so large a pecuniary interest
In my life, to give you the option to
pay the cost of this operation to save
my life, that I may continue to pay
you the yearly premiums on my policy
(I believe that I am otherwise strong and
healthy), or In the alternative to pay tha
$20,000 to my beneficiary within a few
weeks. I am quite willing to be examined
by any physician you may name and
to have you select the operating surgeon.
Immediate attention Is, of course. Im
perative." A certain Scottish minister in a West
Highland parish has never yet been
known to permit a stranger to occupy hl3
pulpit. Lately, however, an Edinburgh
divinity student was spending a few days
in the parish, and on the Saturday he
called at the manse and asked the minis
ter to be allowed to preach fhe following
day. "My dear young man," said the
minister, laying a hand gently on the
yourig man's shoulder, "gin I lat ye preach
the morn, and ye gle a better sermon than
me, my fowk wad never again be satisfied
wi' my preaching; and gin ye're nae a
better preacher than me ye're no worth
listening taei" . . . And another, per
haps even more characteristic. Is told by
Dr. John Kerr as follows: Robbie, the
beadle of Kilwinning, once had to dig a
grave for the wife of a well-to-do, but
niggardly, farmer. When all was over tho
farmer assured Robbie he was obliged to
him for the trouble he had taken. "Oh,"
said Robbie, "there's nae sense in that,
ye ken. It's just four-and-caxpence."
"Four-and-saxpence! I thought you bea
dles did this for nothing. "Oh, faith, no.
I Just ay get four-and-saxpence." "I'll
not give you four-and-saxpence. I'll givo
you half-a-crown." "Faith, I'll no tak
it." "Well, if you'll not take half-a-crown.
you'll get nothing.' "Very weel,"
said Robbie, digging his spado into the
grave, "Dod, up she comes." Robbie got
his four-and-saxpence.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
One-half of the world can't for tho life of It
see how the other half manages to have such
style on Its Income. Chicago Record-Herald.
Too Shrewd. Old Gentleman Throw away
that vile cigar. Tenement Jim Not much,
mister; go an And yer own butt! Ohio StaU
Journal.
A Matter of Form. Mrs. Hauskeep What
have you got today in the shape of rhubarb 1
Green Grocer Well, we've got some celeryj
that's the nearest. Philadelphia Press.
Hopeless. Farmer Jones Is your son still
going tew the Art School? Farmer Nope; his
Instructor said It wa'n't no use. Why, arter
he'd bin thar three months he didn't know n
more about art than one o' these American mil
llonalre art connysoors! Puck.
Ostentation. "Yes." said the woman with
sharp eyes, "those people who moved in next
door are Inclined to mako an ostentatious dis
play of their wealth." "In what way?" "Thej
go Into the corner grocery and order beefsteai
In a loud tone of voice." Washington Star.
Sound Phllosophy.-rFrlend (from the city)
Why-don't you move "away from this dead little
town and get among people? VHlage Magnate
Because I amount .to something here. It it
better to be a live man In a dead town than
a dead man in a live tow n. Chicago Tribune.
It Is told of a learned professor, who was
better at Greek than golf, that after a round
on the links, in which he had foozled most of
his shots, he turned to his caddie for advice
as to Improving his play. The reply of tha
ruthless caddlc was- "Ye see. sir, It's easy to
teach laddies Latin and Greek, but It needs a
head for gowfT." Tit-Bits.
In the Near Future. The Cook-Ql'm sorry,
mum. but the walkln dlllgate av.th Supraine
Ordher av Cooks hov ordhered ma t throw up
me Job. Mrs. Subbub (tearfully) Oh. Norah!
What have I done? The Cook Nawthln', mum;
but yer foolish husblnd got shaved In a non
union barber-shop, th day before ilsterday.
I Brooklyn Life.