THE MORNING- OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19,
. -
1902.
tie r0mxtmu
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i
TODAY'S "WEATHER Partly cloudy, with
westerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S "WEATHER Maxtmum tem
perature, 52; minimum temperature, 30; pre
cipitation, 0.02 inch.
PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, MAR. 10.
FALSE AM) PERNICIOUS.
The proxy system as now in force In
the Republican party in Multnomah
County and in Oregon Is false in theory
and in practice most vicious. It should
at once be superseded by a more just
and modern plan.
Upon what principle of representative
government does the man who has been
by law intrusted with delegated powers
"undertake at his own instance and dis
cretion to delegate those powers to an
other? The party has elected him, John
Jones, to do the work, presumably be
cause it prefers him to "William Smith,
who was not selected and possibly was
even rejected upon application. Now
for Jones to turn, this work over to
Smith Involves an unwarranted latitude
of individual authority. It Is a legis
lative conveyance which Jones has no
right to bestow or Smith to accept.
These delegates are officers of the law.
They are chosen at an election regu
larly called by the courts under stat
utes provided. The County Clerk has
certified their election to their offices
and the law expressly enacts that they
"shall be entitled to sit as the delegates
from the said precinct In such conven
tion." It la not customary for elected
officers to abdicate their functions In
iavor of some person arbitrarily se
lected by themselves. The law pro
vides what shall be done when a tie
exists between two candidates; but It
cays nothing about what shall be done
In case a man wants to sell his vote
for personal friendship or other consid
eration. It is presumed the delegate
'seeks or accepts the nomination because
he expects to serve. It is assumed that
within such -short time as intervenes
between primary day and convention
even' man will live, and not change his
(mind, and be on hand.
Tie system Is dangerous in prac
tice, also, as has been said, and evi
dence of it is plentiful. It opens oppor
tunities for fraud, for perversion or de
Jfeat of the popular will. In this way
'men repudiated at the polls may sit in
'conventions. The contingency and the
temptation are hostile to every consid
eration of fair play and public policy.
There Is only one chance In a thou
sand that a delegate elected on a Satur
day cannot be in the convention the
next Wednesday. If he cannot, his del
egation should cast his vote, and not
6omebody he may designate. If the
'delegation is antagonistic to the ab
sentee's wishes, so much the more rea
son for his presence and for selecting
only men who will attend. In this coun
try the minority often has to submit
to the majority. All chance of Injustice
1would be eliminated by the election of
'alternates. "We do not allow our dele
gates to National conventions to give
-their proxies out at their own discre
tion. No more should we In county con
ventiona In the first Republican convention for
the State of Washington, held in 1889,
some Tacoma men who had been repu
diated as delegates presented them
selves with proxies which they had ne
gotiated for, and thus sought by Indi
rection an end they could not openly
reach. They were refused admission,
and a precedent "was set which has
averted much mischief and has never
been broken. . A similar precedent
should be set this year by the Repub
lican parry's conventions In Oregon. The
time Is auspicious "for reform in this
respect as In others.
The British naval estimates for the
coming year aggregate $156,255,000, of
which $75,000,000 will be devoted to
building new ships. Forty more war
ships will be floated this year. In 1903
sixty ships will be under construction,
besides the twenty-seven which the new
esImates call for. Guns of more for
midable caliber will be mounted on
many vessels, and six-Inch guns of the
latest and most-approved type will re
place the 4.7-lnch guns. A large num
ber of vessels will bo added to the sub
marine fleet. It Is the undisguised pur
pose of the Admiralty to prepare the
fleet for war. which, It Is added, "It
hopes will never come, but for which It
Is In duty bound to provide." The
strength and resources of the British
Empire for carrying on inland war are
being severely tested. Lack of drill and
preparation In the army are freely al
leged; the unprogressive military spirit
of British officers is given as the reason
for the sacrifice of the lives of thousands
of British soldiers to the quick move
ments and fiercely aggressive tactics of
the Boer Generals. Whatever censure
of this kind may' justly attach to the
War Office, the Admiralty Is forestall
ing by its determination to make good
against all contingencies the claim of
England to the title of "Mistress of the
Seas." Her power in this role Is yet to
be tested by modern standards, but her
preparation for defense of this title. If
called upon, la certainly being made re
gardless of expense and in close touch
with the best In raval architecture and
armament.
RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVE
MENT. Hepburn of Iowa, who is among the
foremost advocates of using Govern
ment money for constructing an Isth
mian canal, inconsistently boasts his
lifelong antagonism to river and harbor
improvement. His opposition Is most
unreasoning and unreasonable, and the
positions he assumes are Indefensible.
There are those who profess to con
demn, on principle, every diversion of
taxes to Internal Improvements. It Is
a contention, however, that has been
discredited by Jefferson and other emi
nent statesmen of variant political affil
iations. The question Is not one of aca
demic reasoning, but of political expe
diency, and the ease with -which Gov
ernment raises money through the two
methods reserved to it by the Constitu
tion (the customs and Internal revenue)
has long demonstrated the marked de
sirability that this class of work should
be done by society through the Fed
eral Government, rather than through
the local devices, pf direct and more bur
densome taxation. These things" must
be done, and such theoretical Injustice
as inheres In the use of taxes for canals
and harbors is overborne by the ease
with which results are reached. Riv
ers, harbors and canals are Improved
by governments the world over, and
will continue to be until It becomes
easier to do the work by private enter
prise than by government undertaking.
Mr. Hepburn Is forced to admit that
the jobbery which formerly character
ized river and harbor bills has largely
dloappeared. No fact In our legislation
is more strikingly apparent,, and its ex
planation consists largely In the devel
opment of our Engineer Corps to its
present trustworthiness and efficacy. It
would be Impossible for Hepburn or any
one else to repeat today the impressive
attacks made on river and harbor bills
by the late "Sunset" Cox. The waste
ful and useless appropriations that used
to be made for streams that never could
be made navigable and for upper
reaches of streams whose lower portions
were Impassable are conspicuous by
their absence now. for the simple rea
son that they have had to run the
gauntlet of examinations and recom
mendations made by boards of United
States Engineers. The great bulk of
the appropriations are meritorious.
Mr. Hepburn's unreasoning attitude is
clearly discovered in his recommenda
tions that Congress set a limit to the
depth of harbors and the draft of ships.
He might Just as well propose that Con
gress should say how many bushels of
wheat shall be sown on an acre or how
many letters a man can mail at the
New Tork postofflce in any one day.
Harbors must be deep enough to ac
commodate the ships that seek them,
and the dimensions of the ships will be
determined by conditions of trade and
tonnage, which Congress Is powerless to
control. The sole object, of course, In"
limiting depth of harbors and draft of
vessels Is to set an arbitrary limit on
expenditures. These undertakings can
not be controlled that way. The work
done must be commensurate to the need.
To set a limit at thirty feet of water
might work Injustice to some great port
that needed greater depth, and It would
certainly encourage every minor port to
demand thirty feet, whether It had use
or not for more than twenty.
The Justification of river and harbor
bills is in their fruits. Mississippi and
Columbia River commerce, New York
harbor, Galveston and the Erie Canal
system are Illustrations In point; and
no section of the country has gained
more or now hopes for more from Judi
cious waterway improvement than the
Mississippi Basin, of which Iowa forms
so Important a part. Mississippi River
improvement has had greatly to do
with making the State of Iowa what It
Is today. There are few more ambi
tious enterprises en the globe today
than the dream of a great commercial
highway from Lake Michigan via Chi
cago River to the Gulf of Mexico a
project that means much to Iowa as
well as to the whole Mississippi Basin.
Mr. Hepburn's course ist not only ad
verse to world-wide commercial devel
opment, but hostile to the Interests of
his own state.
A SATISFACTORY ADJUSTMENT.
xThe relief promised the commerce of
Portland through putting on another
tug at the mouth of the river and In
creasing 'the number of pilots is exceed
ingly gratifying. The Oregonlan be
lieved that relief lay nol In attempting
-to huBh up comment upon a condition
of affairs at the mcuth of the Columbia
River that was distinctly Inimical to the
best interests of Portland and the state,
but In giving the broadest publicity pos
sible to the plain facts In the premises.
It believed that President Mohler, of
the O. R. & N. Co., would refuse to be
a party to the selfish schemes of a ring
looking solely to the Interests of Its own
members, as represented by a wage out
of all proportion to the service rendered.
The sequel has proved this estimate to
be correct. Mr. Mohler, for his com
pany, has met the Issue fairly, and re
lief to our belated and congested com
merce is In sight That Is to say, the
coming season's shipping will not be de
layed at the mouth of the river waiting
for tug and pilot service, as It was last
season. An open, outspoken policy in a
matter of this kind Is the (best policy.
Commerce Is not carried on In corners.
Its outgoings and incomings are not of
the secret service type. If Its opera
tions are facilitated at any port, the
commercial, or, more directly speaking,
the shipping world, knows and appreci
ates that fact; if Its operations are
cramped and delayed by a narrow, self
seeking policy ddminated by a few at a
port of entry, the sea captains who
stand on and off the harbor entrance
for days waiting In vain to be served
may reasonably be expected to make
ihe cause of their detention, especially
If Itshould result In loss of vessel or
charter, as sometimes happens, known
to all the world. For the commercial'
advisers of the port to Imagine that b1
lence on their part and on the part of
the press means the exclusion of the
knowledge of this state of affairs from
the general public is folly. An out
spoken policy that nothing estimates
nor sets down aught In malice Is the
wise one In tuch cases. This is clearly
proven by -the prompt promise of relief
that followed the plain statement made
of the hindrances to which the com
merce of the Columbia River has of late
been subjected. We are to have an
other tugboat next season for bar serv
ice, and the force of bar pilots will be
Increased by six. Moral If you want
anything, ask for it. Grumbling under
one's breath does not pay.
VETERANS AND SOLDIERS' HOMES.
The American people do not mean to
neglect their soldiers, living or dead.
Massachusetts has just voted to erect a
Btatue of General Charles Devens, a
conscientious war Democrat of 1861,
who in 1851, as United States Marshal,
sent Thomas Sims back to slavery. The
Federal pension roll Is enormous; Fed
eral Soldiers Homes have been gener
ously established. And yet the pension
roll Is open to criticism because It has
been swelled beyond reason through lax
pension laws, under which meritorious
men not seldom get less than their
deesrts. while unworthy claimants ob
tain far more than they deserve. It Is
probably too late to purge the pension
roll of fraud, for Congress Is not willing
to undertake it, but It seems to us it Is
not too late to Improve the so-called
Federal Soldiers' Homes by making
them mpre of a, genuine home and less
of a barrack. These homes are located
at Dayton, O.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Togus,
Me.; Hampton, Va.; Leavenworth,
Kan.; Santa Monica, Cal.; Danville, 111.,
and. Marion, Ind. At these homes there
are assembled about 27,000 veterans.
Then there are state homes provided
by California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Iowa,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New Tork,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsyl
vania, Rhode Island, South Dakota,
Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin and
Wyoming. Of the administration of the
State Soldiers' Homes as a whole we
do not know enough to speak with au
thority, but of the National Soldiers'
Homes it Is safo.to say that they are
probably all open to the criticism that
the old veterans at a time of life when
they need something more humane are
given nothing but a very comfortable
barracks. Some rooms have 100 occu
panta There Is no doubt that the vet
eran Is treated as well as possible In
these National Homes, under the pres
ent barrack system, but the trouble Is
that no well-bred man would willingly
enter a Soldiers' Home where in his old
age, when he most feels the need of
privacy, he could not possibly have it.
Most of the veterans of the Union are 60
years of age and upwards, an age when
it Is very wearing for men to live with
any comfort In large numbers together.
And yet these old men are obliged to
herd together. There are 100 cots in a
single room. At the mess table from
800 to 1000 men are assembled.
These arrangements are all admirable
for men who are soldiers in age, obli
gations, in physical and mental fitness
for a soldier's life. But these poor old
fellows are no longer soldiers In age,
strength of body or spirit; they are only
ghosts of soldiers In body, and It le not
humane that they should be deprived
of what they need far more than a li
brary, a billiard-room, social hall, card
room, theater, church and music; and
that Is some privacy of life In their
rooms and at their meals. And this is
the reason why so many decent old
veterans shrink from these splendid
Federal Homes. They feel that It Is a
perfectly honorable place of refuge, be
cause It was earned by the same service
that obtained a pension; but in spite
of Its comforts and Its privileges, the
decent, well-bred veteran prefers a very
hard and comfortless home of his own
that Implies some privacy when he
seeks his bed or takes his meals. This
lack of privacy, this fact that the Na
tional Soldiers' Home is not really a
home at all, but a great barrack, make
It repulsive to the veteran, whose
nerves are Impaired by age, who needs
above all Jhings a chance for quiet
rest and solitude when he desires it
as he marches to the grave. It mas
be said that there are not many old
veterans who find this lack of privacy
more repulsive than hard living outside
thehome.
The truth Is that there were probably
a million of men enlisted In the Union
Armies during the war who were so
decently brought up that the lack of
privacy In their Army life was disagree
able In youth, but was then endurable
because It was necessary, because they
were young, strong and volatile. They
were then a healthy, happy. Impulsive,
Inexperienced, reckless, noisy, enthusi
astic multitude of young fellows, en
tirely able to endure hardship and with
out experience or Imagination enough to
fear it For these strong-nerved young
soldiers it was not difficult to endure
the repulsive coincidents of Army llfr
but as soldiers In 1SC1-63 they had more
privacy than a Federal Soldiers' Home
holds out to a decent veteran; for four
men who were naturally friends lived
together under the same shelter tent
during campaigns, they had privacy at
meal times and when they sought sleep.
If, as strong-nerved young soldiers,
these men In war time sought privacy,
how great must be the need of It when
these men are no longer eoldlers In mine
or body, but men sinking Into old age
growing nervous, querulous and Impa
tient at needless restraint or wanton
disturbance. i
Practically, these Federal Soldiers'
Homes repel by their lack of privacy
the very best class of Union veterans,
who prefer a comfortless hut with pri
vacy to a crowded barrack. The vi
cious, noisy, worthless veteran will seek
such homes and stay in them as long
as he can, for he enjoys the idleness
and the turbulence that wear upon the
decent old man. That Is why the decent
Union veteran often finds the Federal
Soldiers' Home odious. There Is, It
would seem, a lack of good sense In
housing a throng of weary-souled,
broken-down old men upen the plan of
a large garrison post of vigorous young
soldiers.
The literary remains of the English
historian, Green, are in course of pub
lication under the editorship of his
widow. In one of Green's historical ar
ticles concerning the famous old univer
sity city of Oxford Is the statement that
the most characteristic result of the
Norman conquest was the Jewish set
tlement planted In the" very heart of the
town of Oxford. This settlement pos
sessed Its own language, its own relig
ion and law. Its peculiar commerce. Its
peculiar dress. The policy of the Nor
man Kings secured each Hebrew settle
ment from the common taxation, the
common justice end the common obli
gations cf Englishmen. The city bailiff
could not enter the Jew settlement; the
church Itsef was powerless against the
synagogue. The historian Green says
that almost to the end of the thirteenth
century the attitude of the Jew In Eng
land through the protection of the King
was one of proud defiance. We quote:
Hl bonds were kept under the royal seal. A
royal commission visited with heavy penalties
any outbreak of violence against these "chat
tels" of tho King. Tho thunders ot the church
broke vatnry on the yellow gaberdine ot the
Jew. In -a well-known story of Eadracr'a the
Red Kins actually forbids the conversion of a
Jew to the Christian faith. It was a roor
exchange which would have robbed him of a
valuable property and given him only a sub
ject '
Green recognizes the fact that with
the Jewish settlement began the culti
vation of the physical sciences in Ox
ford. The Jews brought to England the
medical knowledge and surgical skill of
the East; and to their wealth and Influ
ence was due the remarkable develop
ment of domestic architecture In Ox
ford. From the standpoint of learning,
medicine, surgery, physical science and
domestic architecture, the expulsion of
the Jews from England by Edward I
was as regrettable as their expulsion
frpm Spain. In nothing was the superi
ority of Cromwell's mind to the popular
prejudice of his time more strikingly
displayed than In his reversal of this
ancient exclusion of the Jews from England.
Thp troubles of the Finns In their
native land Increase Their latest
grievance Is on account of the deter
mination of the Russian Governor of
Finland to deprive them of their native
press. Within a few weeks past a num
ber of the Finnish newspapers, includ
ing some of the most Important jour
nals In Finland, have been arbitrarily
suppressed, aud othei-s have been sus
pended. The Immediate cause of this
action was certain editorials in the Is
sues'of March 3, the forty-first anniver
sary of the emancipation of the serfs,
In which recent reactionary measures
were lamented, that. It was said, had
largely disillusioned the political and
social aspirations raised by the emanci
pation of the peasanta It would seem
that with the example of Poland before
them the people of Finland would cease
their hopeless struggle against the
power that, thoroughly equipped for the
purpose, has set out to Russianize them.
There afe two courses open to them.
One Is to submit, the other to emigrate.
The latter alternative is, for a home
loving people, perhaps the hardest to
accept.
Orders and decorations will be be
stowed with a liberal hand by the Ger
man Emperor as supplemental to the
late visit of his brother, Prince Henry,
to the United States. The high offi
cials of the German-American steam
ship companies, whose steamers bore
the Prince across the seas and back
again, have already been the recipients
of imperial favor In the bestowal of the
decorations of the Red Eagle. This
should not be taken as a compliment
to the American eagle in appreciation
of its dignified silence while American
hospitality was outdoing itself In enter
taining the visitor. Our historical bird
knows when to scream and when to look
on decorously, Ignoring its own exist
ence. It represents "liberty," the one
principle that neither asks nor receives
the favor of monarchs. It will be In
good voice about July 4.
The closing of the Oregon City branch
of the Portland Flouring Mills uritll
after harvest is likely to work some
thing of a hardship upon a nurriber of
men who are thereby thrown out of
employment. On this account the event
Is to be regretted, since, however ca
pable men In any special line of indus
try are, It Is not easy to shift the en
deavor to a line distinctly different, in
response to ?. sudden emergency. For
this reason the most skilled and ateady
worklngmen are often placed at a dis
advantage In the Industrial world, and
are entitled to warmest sympathy and
most intelligent consideration. In this
Instance the working world and Its de
mands will soon absorb these laborers,
though at present they are probably
perplexed, not knowing Just what to
turn to.
Dr. Felnberg, a young physician of
Berlin, has made a discovery which he
says makes the diagnosis of cancer In
its early stage possible. He has located
In cancerous growths independent ani
mal organisms, to subdue which is to
cure this disease, which, next to leprosy.
If Indeed not equal to It In baffling
virulence, Is the despair of the medical
scientist, so far as he permits himself
to despair of tracking down and con
quering any Insidious foe to human life.
If means of cure follow this discovery,
those afflicted with cancer will be more
fortunate than those whom the bacillus
of consumption have attacked have yet
found themselves. The discovery, how
ever, is an Important one, and perhaps
In due time will be followed by a rem
edy. The city has seldom had a more gen
erous bequest as represented by the la
bor and love of years than that given
by Benjamin Roop, and which is now
fairly in place In the City Museum. The
collection of birds and, animals, which
comprises this bequest represents the
labor of years of a man devoted to his
work and discharging Its details with
patient fidelity. The collection has been
carefully transferred to the City Mu
seum, and to Its doner the thanks of the
city are due, and will doubtless, a"t the
proper tlmo and In the proper way, be
rendered.
A New York dispatch says that over
300,000 dressmakers have declared their
Intention of forming a union that shall
Include the whole of the United States.
A preliminary meeting looking toward
this latest coalition in the industrial
world was held a few days ago, and ac
tive steps will, It Is said, be taken to
perfect the organization. Perhaps this
will result In the revival of the lost art
of cutting, fitting and swlng In homes.
Greater disasters than this have fol
lowed In the wake of Industrial combi
nation. An Indictment has been returned
against the Louisville & Nashville for
payfng freight rebates contrary to law.
This Is the way to proceed use the ex
isting statutes, of which there are per
haps enough, if they are enforced. What
is needed is aroused public sentiment
behind the law, and this seems now to
be'comlng along.
Senator Morgan's ability, character
and long services to the Isthmian canal
project seem to deserve a better fate
than that he should be superseded in
the charge of the measure. His limita
tions, however, in the way cf force and
directness are severe, and the cause will
doubtless gain in the substitution of
Senator Mitchell.
Bryan has no sympathy with the
Democratic protest against Investiga
tion of negro disfranchisement This Is
thoroughly Bryanlc. He has no sympa
thy with anything save himself and his
own peculiar- political properties. His
conceit equals his stubbornness.
No one Is quite so Impressed with the
claims of equity, remarked a Simon
delegate philosophically, as the under
dog. .
TO USE THE EARTH'S ENERGY.
Kansas City Star.
Commenting on the experiments now
being carried on by the British Associa
tion for the Advancement of Science, Pro
fessor William Hallock. of Columbia Col
lege, says the Idea of obtaining steam
power from the heated depths of the
earth la entirely feasible. It has been
demonstrated that there Is a regular rise
of temperature for every foot of pene
tration Into the earth's surface, and It Js
only a matter of going deep enough to
find heat enough to make steam power.
The heat of the 2500-fuot level In the
Comstock mine Is 145 degrees, 'and In a
deep well near Pittsburg It Is 129 degrees.
Professor Hallock estimates that at a
depth of 12,000 feet there will be found a
temperature of at leabt 240 degrees, or
much more than is requisite In boiling
water.
"It Is not," says Professor Hallock, "a
question of getting steam, that being sim
ple, but a question of getting steam in
sufficient quantities. Hot water Is even
now drawn from a deep well and used to
heat a dwelling house near Boise City.
Idaho, and when we pumped out water
which had leaked into the deep well near
Pittsburg It was so hot I could not hold
my hand In It But while the Pittsburg
well Is capable of heating water left In
It over night, even If its depth were suf
ficient to turn that water to steam, It
would require many hours of waiting,
which would rob it of all commercial
value. In other words, there would not
be the slightest difficulty In obtaining
steam from tho earth's Interior, because
that involves merely a little extra labor
In boring down Into a very hot area, and
it Is as easy comparatively to bore 12,000
feet as to bore COCO; but in order to give
the steam commercial value a method
must be provided for dropping the water
to the heat area, allowing it time to heat,
and yet having It return to the surface as
steam without for a moment Interrupting
the flow."
Professor Hallock thinks he has discow
ored a method that Is entirely practicable.
Ho would bore two holes into the grounu
12,000 feet deep and 50 feet "apart Then
he would lower heavy charges of dyna
mite In both holes and explode them. He
Is sure that after this process has been
repeated many times, a connection be
tween the two holes would be established,
while the shattering of the rock around
the base of the holes would turn the sur
rounding area into an immense water
heater. "The water," says the professor,
"poured down one hole would circulate
through all the cracks and crevices, the
temperature of which would be over 240
degrees, and In Its passage would be
heated and turned to steam, which would
pass through the second hole to tho
earth's surface. The pressure of such a
column of steam would be enormous; for,
aside from tho Initial velocity of the
steam, the descending column of water
would exert a pressure of at least 5000
pounds to the square Inch, which would
drive up through the second hole every
thing movable. The problem is, there
fore, a mechanical one, and the chief
difficulty would be In connecting the holes
at the bottom. This accomplished, the
water heater would operate itself, and a
source of power be established that would
surpass anything now In use."
Professor Hallock nays that a practical
test of the undertaking can be had at a
cost not to exceed $50,000. The wonder Is
that in this age of scientific research and
mechanical progress some one has not at
tempted to accomplish the thing which
men have dreamed of ever since the
heated condition of the earth's interior
came to human knowledge. It need not
be suggested that If unlimited power can
be obtained by the simple process of bor
ing two holes to a depth of 12,000 feet, It
will form the most stupendous achieve
ment In the Inventive career of man. Pro
fessor Hallock tells us that the Pittsburg
well Is to be lowered until the existence of
sufficient heat has been demonstrated In
a practical manner. Let us hope that Its
undertakers will carry out the two-holo
idea and show again that some of the
greatest of human Inventions are tho sim
plest In their character.
VIEWS OF ALTGELD.
New Tork Evening Post
It was as an agitator and Iconoclast that
he Is chiefly remembered a man who
found his mission in the attempt to tear
down and who bore himself out against the
conservatism of American character.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
A, man of great talent, of vast indus
try and of utter fearlessness, he was by
far the most formidable of the foes which
conservatism and stability had to encoun
ter In the great cataclysm of half a dozen
years ago.
New Tork Commercial Advertiser.
It Is not to be denied that Altgeld had
much ability, and that at times he showed
a gift of leadership, which, under the
guidarce of better principles, would have
achieved great things. But he was as
rallent an example of the doctrinaire dem
agogue as the country has ever produced.
Brooklyn Eagle.
One of the mercies of the defeat of Bryan
and his programme was that It precluded
the possibility of this man, with his as
tute and powerful mind, from coming Into
any position where he might have carried
out the heresies in which he believed.
His was essentially a gift If not a genius
for destruction.
Boston HeraldA
He had a rare faculty of presenting a
subject with originality and with clear
ness. Had he possessed a better-balanced
mind, ho might have been a most useful
citizen. The extraordinary feature about
him was that he, so gifted mentally In
most respects, should have been denied
the quality of mental discretion.
Boston Transcript
That he was ciriblttered and warped by
his loss of fortune and the signs of wan
ing popularity there is no doubt, and this
feeling led him to somo extraordinary ac
tions and speeches, with which the gen
eral public Is likely to associate hl3 name.
Nor can we be oblivious to the mischiev
ous tendency of his teachings with regard
to social order and Integrity. All these,
united to h!s great Intellect, made him a
dangerous man. "
i
Carelessness on Railroads.
Cleveland Leader.
It must be confessed that the Injuries
received in railway work in thl3 country,
relatively to tho army ,of trainmen em
ployed, are far more numerous than they
ought to be. There Is evidence in the
bare figures of much gross carelessness,
and I Is painfully apparent that the man
agers of great railways are often too in
tent upon earnings and too little mindful
of the lives and limbs of the men who
operate their lines. In this direction there
Is room for vast Improvement, and the
progress made recently has been miserably
slow,
Need of the Export Trade.
Minneapolis Tribune.
Why should American wheatgrowers
fear injury to their Interest by the grind
ing pf Canadian wheat for export in Min
neapolis mills? The price of their produce
will continue to be fixed by the price of
export wheat, and of course the Canad
ians would" not sell their wheat to the
millers for less, since they could send It
through the country In bond for export
Since London makes the price of wheat
all ovor the world, what does it matter to
Northwestern wheatgrowers whether they
meet Canadian competition in London
or Minneapolis?
Mr. Hanna'H Real Position.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
The intentions of Senator Hanna with
respect to the next campaign for the
Presidency are said to be a riddle, but,
nevertheless, a plausible guess might be
made. For Instance: He will take' the
nomination If he can get It; If he finds he
cannot get it, then he does not want It.
There are several other receptive gentle
men in the same situation,
GOOD ADVICE TO THE DEMOCRACY
Indianapolis News.
Much has been written and spoken of
late aboyt the reorganization of the Dem
ocratic party, and it is, of course, clear
that something will have to be done. But
there Is one phase of the question to
Which little attention has been paid.
And, strange as It may Bcem, the speech
of Mr. Altgeld, delivered Saturday, brings
this question to the front He spoke of
the vnrious reorganization suggestions,
and said with entire truth that the only
Idea that many men seemed to have was
that there must be a change In order that
the party might win, and that the only
reason that these men wanted to win
was that the party might get control of
the offices. If that is all there Is In a
campaign for the Democratic party, It had
better never win.
But this thought naturally suggests an
other one or, rather, a different view of
the same one. For, as It Is true that the
Democratic leaders have no right to sac
rifice principles to success, neither have
they any right to saennce success ana
with It a chance to carry principles Into
effect to a foolish notion of consistency.
In other words, the question concerns
other people than those charged with the
guidance of the Democratic party, name
ly, the people at large. There has been
too much fooling already. No man has
anv right to destroy tho usefulness and to
put In Jeopardy the life of a great party,
and that at a time whon It may be very
sorely needed by the country, almply be
cause he has found that his leadership Is
fatal.
The problem Is not simply a party prob
lem. It Is a problem In the solution of
wplch everj' American citizen Is deeply
Interested. The squabbles among the so
called Democratic leaders, the narrowness
and bigotry, the rule-or-ruln disposition,
the mean ambitions of many of the lead
ers, the crimination and the recrimina
tion, and the hatred and bitterness that
are so often manifested, hurt not only the
party, but the country. And so the coun
try, which needs an opposition party, and
which very soon may need a real Demo
cratic riarty. has a riirht to demand that
the folly cease, and that the Democratic
party get Into ehape to meet the real and
living Issues of tho day. The people have
been very patient, in the hope that good
sense and patriotism might soon triumph.
But the outlook Is not encouraging.
The political situation in the United
States Is most unsatisfactory. Tet. know
ing this, the Democratic party is stupidly
uncertain as to its duty. We believe that
the rank and file Is sound and prepared to
follow any wise and patriotic leadership.
The Democrats that have nothing to gain,
that want no office, that never have held
or desired to hold office, that are able to
take care of themselves, and that only
wlsh to see their party made strong and
true again, so that It may serve the coun
trythese men know that Mississippi
has pointed the way. Obscure, half-educated
and envenomed Popullstlc editors of
weekly newspapers do not appeal to them.
More and more, the Democrats of charac
ter and substance are turning oacK to
the old leaders, and great men they were
and are Tllden, Hendricks. McDonald,
Thurman and Cleveland and wondering
how It was that the party ever got so deep
Into the bog of Populism. But the point
we Insist on now is that we have to do
with something that is vastly more than
a mere quarrel among different factions
of the Democratic party. The country Is
Involved, and every citizen of the country
has a right to demand that the foolish
ness of the past six years shall stop, and
that the Democratic party shall show
that If Is worthy of the respect and con
fidence of the country.
Lout In the Sliuflle.
New Tork Commercial Advertiser.
What. we should like to ask. has be
come of the high hope3 which our only
pure moralists In politics had of Con
gressman Llttlefleld, of Maine, a year or
so ago? When Mr. Llttlefleld appeared
In the House, after the death of Mr.
Dlngley. to whose vacant seat he had
been elected, and took open ground
against the McKinley administration's
Philippine policy, he was hailed by the
anti-Imperialists as sharing with Sen
ator Hoar the distinction of represent
ing what was left of the New England
conscience In the Republican party.
He wis tho coming man; he was to
lead to that revival of the true faith
which was to save the Nation from de
struction. What is he doing now?
Why. standing with the beet-sugar
lobby in unyielding opposition to con
cessions of any sort to Cuba! That Is
a nice attitude for a friend of the down
trodden and oppressed to occupy. Is It
not? Do the "antis" express any opin
ion about It? Not that we have noticed.
They seem to have lost all interest in
Mr. Llttlefleld, and while they have noth
ing but abhorrence for the conduct of his
Republican associates in Congress who
are violating their party's pledges to
Cuba, they forget to mention Mr. Llttle
fleld by name. It Is very sad, and we do
not wonder that they fall to speak of It
Tou see, nearly the whole world had
gone to the devil before Mr. Llttlefleld
started, and when he, too, deserted the
cause of right and truth, what was there
left to cling to? Very little, except Erv
ing WInslow and SIxto Lopez.
Cromwell's Titled Descendants.
London Chronicle.
There are no less than 13 peers at pres
ent who are descended from the great
protector. They all come through his
fourth daughter, Frances, who married
for her second husband Sir John Russell,
by whom she had five children.
Among these peers descended frDm
Frances Cromwell there are two Mar
quisesNorthampton and Rlpon; eight
Earls the Earls of Chichester and Clar
endon, Earl Cowper, the Earls of Darn
ley, Lytton, Morley, Rothes and Skelm
ersdale; and Barons Ampthlll, Avsbury
(still best known by his 30 years' public
life name of Sir John Lubbock), and Lord
Walslngham. Although Oliver had five
sons, there Is not a single surviving Crom
well In the male line, though any one who
consults a peerage under the names of the
aforesaid noblemen will find his descend
ants through the female line, to say noth
ing of Oliver's untitled posterity, frequent
enough.
The two eldest sons of the protector
died of smallpox. Robert, the first born,
a boy of 17. at Foisted school, and Oliver,
his second, a cornet in Earl Bedford's
horse, a few da3 after he came of age,
In lfril.
A Lesson for 3Ilntster Wu.
Chicago Record-Herald.
The lesson for the Chinese Minister is
that this country Is no place for his peo
ple. If there were no exclusion law, that
would be plain from many successful
conspiracies and many acts of violence,
taking such Incidents and the exclusion
law together the evidence should be over
whelmingly conclusive."
Moreover, If Mr. Wu retorts that China's
hostility to the foreign devils is as Just
and rational as our opposition to his
countrymen, we might reply that the con
sequences of white Immigration Into
China and of Chinese Immigration Into
the United States are so widely and In
trinsically different that the parallelism
will not hold. What we have done Au
stralia Is doing and Canada proposes
to do. It is the effort of white labor
to save Itself against a competition whose
numbers have so far defied computation.
PnrndiHl Gloria.
There is a city, bulltled by no hand.
And unapproachable by sea or shor?.
And unassailable by any band
Of storming soldiery for evermore.
There we no longer shall divide our time
By acta or pleasures doing petty things
Of work or warfare, merchandise or rhyme;
But wo shall sit beside the silver springs
That flow from God's. own footstool, and behold
Sages and martyrs, and those ble3Sd few
"Who loved us onco and were beloved of old.
To dwell with them and walk with them
anew.
In alternations of sublime repose.
Musical motion, the perpetual play
Of every faculty that heaven bestows
Through the bright, busy and eternal day.
Thomas "William Parsons.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The early candidate catches the frost
Now for the conventionalities of poll
tics. A student's riot is on in St Petersburg,
and the college yell Is undoubtedly strik
ing terror to the heart of the Czar.
Marconi has allowed several days to
go by without astonishing the world. Is
he getting careless of .his press work?
Only 16 Inches of space will be alloted
to each person at the coronation. This
will come pretty nearly shutting out the
King. -
That man you met this morning with
a distended hatband was not King Ed
ward. He was only a delegate to .the
convention.
England had better be careful. The
Boers will capture some Missouri mules
one of these days, as well as regiments
and Lleutenant-Generals.
The Grand Army opposition to Pen
sion Commissioner Evans bore much the
same fruits as Senator Piatt's attempt
to sidetrack Mr. Roosevelt.
In spite of all the attacks on the Mon
roe Doctrine, and the attempts .to pass
the canal bill, the American continents
are still hanging together.
Another Prince is coming over to this
country. Uncle Sam has made such a
record for hospitality that he will soon
have to make the exclusion act apply
to foreign noblemen.
General Miles has shown that he was
prevented from going to the Philippines.
He was also prevented from settling the
Sampson-Schley controversy. What's the
use of being a Lleutenant-General, any
way? A Washington letter carrier opened a
Tetter-box th eother night, stuck his hand
In and then dashed madly down the street,
shouting, "A snakel A snake!" A police
man stopped him, and together they went
back to investigate. They looked Into
the box and say the supposed snake collEd
on top of a. bunoh of letters. The police
man poked It with his club. It did not
move. Then he grew bolder, and pulled
it out The snake was a fat string of
sausages.
Cecil Rhodes' latest biographer contra
dicts the story that Rhodes ever used tho
phrase, "I never met a man whom I could
not buy." The germ of this fiction is said
to be found In the fact that one day, when
discussing his proposed telegraph wire
across Africa, somebody asked him how
he proposed to carry it across the Sou
dan. "Oh, leave It to me," Rhodes
answered. "I never met the man yet that
I could not come to an agreement with,
and I shall fix things up with the Khalifa
when the time comes."
In connection with the news from Lon
don that the price of good windows com
manding the coronation procession of Ed
ward VII has gone up to something like
$365, someone who has looked it up notes
that at the coronation of Edward I the
price of a seat was half a farthing; In Ed
ward II's time a whole farthing was re
quired; to see Edward III cost a halfpen
ny. A good seat for Edward IV's proces
sion cost twopence, and for Edward VI
the price was fourpence. There Is' a
big jump between VI and VII.
a
Told Time by His Belt.
"I've heard of many strange time
pieces," said a buyer for an ice compaqy
to a Chicago Tribune reporter, "but I ran
across something entirely new In that fine
last week. I went to a lake In Wisconsin
to estimate the ice crop. Among the men
working there was a heavy-set fellow,
who was set In blanket clothes. He kept'
his trousers In place with a narrow leath
er belt and several times In the course of
the morning I noticed him tighten it a
hole at a time.
" 'What time Is It?' I asked him, for my
watch was not running.
"He glanced at his belt, and answered
promptly, 11:30.'
"Seeing that he had no watch. I asked
him how he knew, and he explained his
system of telling time by his belt. After
breakfast, which was eaten at 6 o'clock,
the belt was set at the last hole. Every
hour during the morning he was forced
to take It in a hole. He knew It was 3d
minutes after 11 because he had taken in
five holes and the belt was just beginning
to slacken. After dinner he would let it
out again to the last hole, and it would
mark off the hours during the afternoon.
He said It was as trustworthy as the
best watch he had ever owned, and. sev
eral tests proved that he was right"
The Belief In a Devil.
International Monthly.
A mild servant, belonging to one of tho
women's colleges, had been out with her
lover without leave from her mistress and
was returning late along my road, at the
top of which lived the lamented Profess
or Nettleship. Now the latter had a largo
yellow dog that took the usual canine de
light in seeing cats scatter and flee. and.
the better to pounce1 on them when they
were stealthily crossing the street, ho
would perch himself on the top of the
professor's garden wall, surrounded and
half hidden in the foliage. As the truant
maid servant passed beneath him ho
caught sight of a cat in the middle of tho
road, and making a spring at It. collided
with her and knocked her down. She
picked herself up and ran screaming
home, almost mad with terror, because,
as she said, the devil had Jumped on her
back and thrown her down.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHEItS
The Mea.-Father-Marle. I wish you would
ask that young Perkins why he doesn't go home
earlier. Daughter-What an Idea, papat-Just
as If he doesn't know! Puck.
Accounted For. Jones Professor Hottalre
thinks he hai Invented a flying machine. Smith
Has he tried It yet? Jones Oh, no, That's
why he thinks he ha3 Invented a flying ma
chine. Judge.
IN FLA.
In an Inn on the east coast of Fla.
A chap met a maid In the ca.
At once he was smitten,
But she gave him the mitten,
"Whereupon he rpmarked he abha.
Chicago Tribune.
Mrs. NoosenB My daughter's becoming mora
proficient. She plays regular pieces now. Tou
don't notice her playing exercises now as much
as she did. Mrs. Naybor No. but I notice her
playing exercises my husband as much as ever
It did. Philadelphia Record.
A3 Far as She Had Heard. "Does your son
matriculate this year. Mrs Hamroandsope?
"Why, really. I don't know. I ain't heard any
thing about matriculation, but he wrote In bis
last letter that he had got vaccinated, and It
took terrible." Chicago Record-Herald.
Purely Disinterested. Pureton What do you
think of those slot machines? Snlvelson Of
course. I never play them, but they are cer
tainly Inventions of the evil one, and should
not be tolerated In our midst. Besides, you
don't get anything out of them half the time.
Chicago Dally News.
Two Great Events. Amos Cornshuclc I seen
by the paper that they're talkln' of connectln
Amerlky with the Philippines by one o' them
there cables. Hiram Clod This has been a
great century fer Improvements. I'm thlnkln
of puttln' a new barb-wire fence clean across
thet lower SO-acre lot. Lcille's Weekly.
A Great Success. The Medical Expert I'm
sure your baby shows what our modern meth
ods will do. Did you follow my directions?
Mother Oh, yes. First. I skimmed the milk,
and added two parts of hygienic water and
two parts of your celebrated modifier. Then I
carefully sterilized the whole. "And then?"
"I threw It out of the window and gave tho
baby the cream." Life.