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TODAY'S WEATHER Rain, with brisk to
high southerly winds.
YESTERDAFS WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 50; minimum temperature, 40; pre
cipitation, 0.02 Inch.
PORTLAND, TUESDAY, MARCH 4.
LEAVE PANAMA OUT.
Long before the French had begun
work on their canal at Panama Ameri
can engineers, after consideration of
the whole subject of canal construc
tion across the Isthmus of America,
had chosen the Nicaragua route. The
whole problem was before the American
engineers, where to choose; and they
reported for Njcaragua.
Senator Morgan answers those who
now are trying to force the change to
Panama that this decision in favor of
Nicaragua has been supported for
thirty years by the ablest strategists
of our Army and Navy and by busi
ness interests looking to our commercial
advancement. It Is only within a few
weeks that any engineer and naval of
ficers have changed front. These con
verts to the Panama echeme are exag
gerating the difficulties at Nicaragua
and minimizing those at Panama,
But the conditions are in fact un
changed. Nicaragua Is much nearer the
United States; it Is a route not subject
to floods, as Panama 1b, for Lake Nica
ragua Is so large that It controls the
flow of the San Juan River and renders
it fioodless, while the Chagres River at
Panama a short mountain stream, in a
region where the rainfall Is 200 inches
per annum Is alternately a dry bed
and an uncontrollable torrent. It was
these facts that caused the favorable
report on Nicaragua many years ago.
They remain unaltered.
But the Parana deal Is all "off" for
the present, If not for good; for the
Colombian Government proposes to
"hold up" the United States and make
us pay no less than one million dollars
a year, in perpetuity, for the mere right
of way. To this the people of the
United States will never consent There
is every reason, moreover, why we
should keep out of the dirty mess that
the corruptlonists of the Panama
scheme have been dabbling or wallow
ing in. Senator Morgan calls attention
to the fact that from 500,000 to 800,000
Frenchmen were stockholders in the old
Panama Canal Company. Their claims
must be paid or confiscated. Stock in
the new company Is owned mainly by
bankers, contractors and speculators
who, as Senator Morgan says, received
a very large part and a very dishonest
part of the $250,000,000 spent or squan
dered by the old canal company. The
United, States ought to steer clear of
this whole dirty entanglement, Let ua
go on with the Nicaragua Canal.
BETTER THAN CARNEGIE.
The memory of Mrs. John A. Foster,
the "Tombs Angel," who lost her life
in the Park-Avenue Hotel, New Tork
City, was most eloquently honored .by
the Court of Special and General Ses
sions. District Attorney Jerome was
moved to tears when he addressed the
court, asking, that it adjourn for the
day "out of respect for the memory of
Rachel Salome Foster, and that a suit
able minute be spread on the minutes of
the court." All the Judges were deeply
affected, and Judge Foster said, on
granting the motion:
Her life was the life of a saint. Her hus
band was a gallant soldier and an able law
yer. She was an angel of love and mercy
for years to the unfortunates In tho city
prison. I think all Ihe Judges listened to
her and were at times advised by her. When
she Interceded for any one, every one knew
It was with the holiest and purest purpose,
and It was without any feeling of apprehen
sion that a Judge suspended sentence or
mitigated a sentence at her request. The
court sustains a great personal loss In her,
but the greatest loss is to the unfortunates
In the city prison who will never again know
the benefit of her sweet personality and aid.
The Rev. Dr. Huntington, at Grace
Church, eloquently eulogized Mrs. Fos
ter, and. among other things, sali:
"The angel of the Tombs" men called her.
A strange epithet, and to one who linew
nothing of our city's ways and woes an un
intelligible one, but what it meant our
Judges know, our prosecuting officers know;
yes, best of all, those poor creatures know
by whose suffrage this unique order of merit
was created and conferred. It was they who
named her "angel." they whose dwelling
place "was tho Tombs, and into whose dark
lives She came as a messenger of light.
This womar surrendered a life of
comfort and ease, gave herself and her
means up to mitigate the lot of the in
mates of the great prison of the metrop
olis. It was a life of most repulsive
duties, but she belonged to a class of
noble characters who, as one of the
Judges said, occur "only on rare occa
sions -and at long intervals." She was
like John Howard, of whom Edmund
Burke said: "He eeemed to have cir
cumnavigated philanthropy." Such
women belong to the order of Catherine
of Siena, Elizabeth Fry and Dorothea
a. n w tawlntaewai, tte fiS7ita
knows no 6hore." In this work the
laborers are alwayB few. It Is the
dirty, disagreeable work of philan7
thropy and charity; the 'kind of work
that compels the worker to come Into
personal, private association with the
fallen brother or soiled sister. It is the
kind of work that requires the great
heart rather than a loud voice; the
kind of heart that beats In the bosom
of only rare men .and rare women.
These men and women of exceptionally
great heart are always trying to give
the world a lift by staying up the fall
ing and helping- the fallen to their feet.
They are not afraid to go down to the
ditch to drag a sinking fellow-creature
from the mire to dry land. They go
down Into the pool and become Its heal
ing angels.
It Is the men and women who do this
dirty work of philanthropy that are the
salt of the earth. One such woman as
Mrs. Foster is worth more to the world
In renewing Its faith in the ultimate
goodness of human nature than a wil
derness full of Carnegles throwing gold
from a scoop to city, town and village
to found libraries, even as a rich rob
ber baron of the Middle Ages threw
largess to the crowd or bought masses
for his soul. The memory of Mrs. Fos
ter Is worth more to people than all
Carnegie's money dole. The people
don't want his money nor his libraries
They want Justice, not largess, from a
man who, If he had remembered Justice
when he was making money, would
have less today to throw away. But
the people can afford to be always
grateful for the rare spirit of sacrifice
and tenderness exhibited by Mrs. Fos
ter. She has left the people no money;
she leaves them only inspiring influ
ence and example; she leaves them the
precious gift of her blessed memory.
SECESSION, PURE AND SI3IPLBL
The "anti-Imperialism tarantula has
bitten the Philadelphia Times, and In
this fashion It madly dances:
In the final proceedings attending the pas
sage of the Philippine tariff bill by tho Sen
ate, the supporters of Imperialism dropped
the Clmsy mask which for decency's sake
only, apparently, they have wom heretofore.
The rejection of the Amend
ment offered by Mr. Teller, of Colorado, bears
this construction and no other. That amend
ment declared. In brief, that the United States
of America did not Intendto annex the
Philippines, or to deprive the Inhabitants of
their liberties, but to aid them to establish
a free and sultablo government of their choice
and to protect It, when established, against
foreign interference.
There is more to the same effect, the
said effect being an arraignment of the
.Kepubllcans because they decjine to dis
avow the purpose to alienate the Phil
ippines. But the Times is sadly misin
formed if it supposes the Republican
policy, or. what Is more Important, the
common sense of the country, has ever
assumed a "flimsy mask" of any other
purpose than the retention of the Phil
ipplnea If the Times supposes that a
promise or expectation of Independence
with a protectorate has been the accred
ited programme of anybody outside the
narrow circles of "anti-imperialism." it
is simply dreaming to no purpose but
its own discredit.
The status of the Philippines Is not
that of Cuba, but that of Porto Rico.
We did not take the Philippines for
the purpose of giving them, first, a sta
ble government; second, independence,
and, third, a protectorate. "We took
them because we wanted them and
meant and still mean to keep them.
Our purpose there Is to enforce Ameri
can sovereignty and enforce It with
powder and ball as long as there Is a
red-handed insurgent left to bite the
dust
The Philippine Islands belong to the
Government of the United States, and
they will remain so as long as the Gov
ernment at Washington has the power
to hold them. If independence Is their
idea of liberty, they will not have lib
erty. Secession will not be tolerated
there any more than It was tolerated
In Virginia and South Carolina, any
more than It would be tolerated in Cal
ifornia or Oregon. The State of Massa
chusetts Is free, but she is not inde
pendent, and if Bhe craves independence
she will not get it. She can call It
slavery and imperialism, or whatever
she likes, but what the United States
has got it will keep, whether in the At
lantic or the Pacific, at the'faorth pole
or In the mountains of the moon. The
American Empire expands but It
doesn't contract
The Philippines are ours. They came
to us as the prize of war, and the con
sideration of an indenture. There is
not a flaw in our title, or a blemish in
the record of transfer. If they are not
ours, they are Spain's, and if Spain
were to intimate that the deed by ihlch
they were made over to us is Imperfect,
not a foreign power but would treat
her claim with contempt, not an antl
but would fly to arras. And If they are
ours, we can no more tolerate rebellion
there than we tolerated It ki South
Carolina a generation ago.
The anti-imperialistic proposal for the
Philippines is simply secession. It is
said the Filipinos may be ours, but they
don't like It Well, suppose they don't
Grant that they don't. What difference
does it make? Thirteen states, some of
them gained In war and others bought
with money, dldnit like it in '60 and 6L
They craved liberty, they craved Inde
pendence. But they didn't get It The
Union was maintained, the Nation as
serted Its sovereignty, and the princi
ple was established for all time that
American territory is not to bo the
judge of Its political status.
The people and the antls themselves
ought at length to realize that what
they propose and foster in the Philip
pine Islands is precisely what we con
tended with in 1861-5.. It is secession,
disunion. The sovereignty of the United
States is as unassailable In the Phil
ippines as In Texas or Alaska. To raise
a hand against that sovereignty Is re
bellion, and to aid and abet that rebel
lion comes perilously near to civic apos
tasy. Secession against the United
States will never succeed until the Fed
eral Government becomes too weak to
retain Its grasp on disaffected territory.
Until that time the sympathizer with'
disunion can read his fate in the story
of the copperheads of the Civil War.
PRIMARY ELECTION LAWS.
The Minnesota Legislature, which is
now" in extra session, has a bill before
it to 'amend the primary .election law
so as to exempt from the operations
of the law all municipal and school of
fices In towns of lets than 10,000 Inhab
itants. As the great majority of the
towns In Minnesota have a smaller pop
ulation than 10,000, the primary law will
be greatly shorn of its usefulness if the
amendment is adopted. The law as it
stands today provides, first, for holding
the primary elections, at the same time
and place that the registration of voters
Is held.
ai a recent primary election' in
THE MORNING
43,314, and the vote cast at this elec
tion, held at the same time and place
as the registration, was 33,453. That Is,
three out of four that registered voted
at the primaries for candidates for
nomination. The vote at the subse
quent election was 39,164, so that more
than four-fifths as many voted at the
primary election as at the general elec
tion. A bill drawn on the lines of the
Minnesota law was defeated in the Wis
consin Legislature last Winter after a
prolonged debate.
THE BRITISH AND THE BOERS.
The Sunday meeting In New York City
that was addressed by Senator Tillman
adopted resolutions denouncing Great
Britain and sympathizing with the
Boers and protesting against the pur
chase of horses and mules by Great
Britain In this country for the Boer
War. Let us be just to Great Britain.
Is not her record in the Boer War quite
as clear as our own in the Mexican
War? We went to war with Mexico
because of Texas, Mexican territory
settled by American outlanders. These
American outlanders erected the Re
public of Texas after desperate fight
ing, and to maintain these- American
outlanders we annexed Texas. Then
came war with Mexico, because we were
obliged to defend the Integrity of Texas.
The British Government declares that
the Boer War was forced by Kruger's
ultimatum and the Boer invasion of
Natal. The United States Government,
speaking by the message of President
Polk, said: "Mexico has passed the
boundary of the United States and In
vaded our soil." This was true, and
the parallel Is further completed by the
fact that the Mexican General in Mata
moras, April 12, 1S46, ordered General
Taylor, who was en the left bank of
the Del Norte, 'to retire within twenty
four hours beyond the Neuces River.
Taylor did not retire; the Mexican Gen
eral on the 24th of April notified Gen
eral Taylor that "he considered hostili
ties commenced." Soon after Mexican
soldiers crossed the river and war was
begun. Surely, In face of these facts,
the Boer War had a beginning quite as
Justifiable as our Mexican War.
Dr. Conan Doyle, in his recently pub
lished tract In defense of Great Britain
and the Boer War, puts his case shrewd
ly. He says In substance: "Suppose
the Dutch of New Tork had trekked
to California and founded an anti
American and highly unprogresslve
state. Suppose that the gold of that
state attracted a large inrush of Amer
ican citizens; that these citizens were
heavily taxed and badly used, and that
they deaferied Washington with their
outcry about their Injuries. That would
be a fair parallel to the relations be
tween the Transvaal, the Ultlanders
and the British Government" Dr.
Doyle might have made his Illustration
more apt and forcible if he had as
sumed that a wonderful discovery of
gold in the Mexican Province of So
nora had attracted an enormous inrush
or Americans; that these Americans
with their capital had developed the
mines, had built up a fine city of 50,000
people, and yet were not allowed to
name even a policeman for that city,
much less elect a member of the local
Legislature or Magistracy. The Boer
Government at Pretoria had become a
corrupt oligarchy, venal and incompe
tent; the Supreme Court was corrupt;
Its decisions coulQ always be warped
or upset by a bribe paid to Kruger.
The Ultlander paid nine-tenths of tho
taxation, was robbed right and left,
and was treated with brutal contempt
whenever he asked for the franchise.
When they protested against the rejec
tion of the petition for the franchise,
Kruger contemptuously said: "You have
not got the guns; I have." Kruger's
theory of government was to establish
the policy of Thibet
Dr. Dojie fairly says that Great Brit
ain had every reason to avoid this war,
and no reason to desire the conquest of
the Transvaal. It did not make the dif
ference of a shilling to the revenues of
Britain whose flag waved over the gold
mines, while the Transvaal as a British
province would have its own Legisla
ture, Its own revenue, Its owe expendi
ture and Its own tariff against the
mother country. So far as the charges
of barbarous warfare made against the
British Army are concerned, nobody
who knows the history of our Civil War
or of the Franco-German War treats j
them with any respect. Nothing that
the British Army has wrought In South
Africa compares in severity with the
march of Sherman through the Caro
lines, or of Sheridan through the Shen
andoah Valley. In all, 630 buildings
were destroyed, including 170 houses In
districts habitually used by the Boers
and the village of Bothavllle, which
was a Boer depot The senseless guer
rilla war Is responsible for the destruc
tion of crops and herds and for the con
centration camps. The women and chil
dren could not be left on the veldt, for
the guerrillas had forced the British to
destroy the means of subsistence. Of
the thirty-one persons' executed by the
British the past year, four were train
wreckers, one was a spy, two were mur
derers and twenty-four were British
subjects taken fighting in the ranks of
the enemy. Two burghers sent as a
peace commission to the enemy were
shot in cold blood, several were beaten.
This is why three Boer Generals are
now fighting on the British side.
Dr. Doyle presents conclusive testi
mony with regard to the murdering of
natives and the killing of surrendered -
British soldiers by the Boers. He in
quires: "Are these the deeds of soldiers
or of brigands? If they act as bri
gands, why must we forever treat them
as soldiers?"
"In behalf of temperance and the use
of intoxicating drinks," gays the Chris
tian Register, "there are some things
that may be advocated with good re
sults," adding: "Practical business men
generally agree that a large part of all
the evils of drunkenness are caused by
three practices, namely, drinking at
bars, drinking In business hours and
the habit of treatlug." It Is generally
conceded by commercial travelers and
others who see life at all angles through
Intercourse with all classes of men, that
more temptation to excess comes out of
these three practices than from all other
sources combined. Treating especially
Is responsible for many evils. It not
only leads to and fosters the other two
practices, but it is almost the sole cause
of excess which, practiced indefinitely,
finally becomes a habit which It is al
ways difficult and sometimes Impossible
to overcome. Business men are more
and more coming to the conclusion that
drinking- In business hours must be
abolished. In dua time, perhaps, they
will come to characterize the habit of
treating as- pernicious and therefore un
gentlemanly arid undesirable. The
m, :TZmS
habit of treating has, Indeed, Its ridlcu-
OREQONIAN, TUESDAY, .
nlzed, might be laughed out of exist
ence. Be this as it may, modern busi
ness methods are potent foes of Intem
perance in the use of Intoxicants, and
In their own way have carried on for
several years a temperance crusade
without giving It the name.
Probably never before has It been sc
easy to get capital for legitimate enter
prlsea Money Is seeking opportunities
for Investment, and It does not demand
large returns. Security Is the main
thing. In railroad In lumbering, in
mining, fa irrigation enterprises, In
farming, in all the various activities of
the swelling Northwest, capital may go
and does go with confidence that It Is
reasonably secure and will yield reason
able profit Money now goes forth
freely to labor for and bless the
community because It is not threatened.
There is no need for It to hide. It will
open mines, transform the' wilderness
into golden fields, cheer the fireside.
The native resources of the country will
give play for all this effort The world
wants the products of our forests,
mines, fields and factories, and it can
not be oversupplled. There is plenty
of room for money In the Northwest
and also for brain and muscle. There
never was a time In the history of this
country so auspicious as the present.
There Is no uncertain sound In the
declaration of Maor Appel, Chief Sur
geon at Fort Bayard, N. M., that con
sumption in every etage can be cured
at the Government Soldiers' Sanitarium
at that place. The remedial agencies
that have Justified Major Appel In mak
ing this announcement are Nature's
own the pure air of that elevated re
gion, life out of doors, the most care
fully selected, nutritious diet, and ab
solute rest In the case of reduced pa
tients. JFort Bayard will no doubt
upon this announcement become the
Mecca of a pale host that is flitting
hither and thither with constantly
dwindling and as constantly recruited
numbers In search of relief that comes
not, and In pursuit of hopes that allure
but to mock them In their pitiful quest.
The sword presented by Frederick
the Great of Prussia to George Wash
ington, Inscribed "From the oldest sol
dler to the greatest soldier," Is pre
served today In the State Library at
Albany, N. Y. Prince Henry ought to
be proud of the fact that the greatest
genius of his house had ar hand of
friendship for our country, when it was
struggling for independence. The ac
tion of Frederick was remarkable, as
England had been his only ally In Eu
rope In the Seven Years' War, when
Prussia was brought to the verge of
ruin-and dismemberment Prince Henry
ought to take pride In the Tact that the
Germans are now the largest element
of the foreign-born population of our
greatest city. New York. Possibly It Is
so In other cities of the United States.
Dewet's success some days ago In
passing through ,a line of British block
houses, practically without loss, prob
ably gave him and his forces a certain
contempt for these structures as a de
taining force. They have probably re
vised their opinion in this regard since
'the latest disastrous attempt to rush
these defenses. As a matter offact,
these blockhouses, though they stand
pretty clcse together pnd are connected
by barbed wire, present very little re
sistance to despejate riders unless the
lines are supported by a strong body of
troops. The troops were there when the
last rush was attempted, hence the de
feat and capture of a large band of
these roughest of all "rough riders."
The effort of the O. R. & N. Co. to
Introduce Hereford blood into the range
stock along Its lines Is a piece of en
lightened policy, bound In the nature of
things to benefit both the railroad com
pany and the stockmen. It costs no
more to breed and fatten high-class
stock than poor stock, but it Is not easy
for the Isolated stock ranger to supply
himself with blooded sires, and in this
the O. R. & N. proposes to help him.
The Hereford is well chosen for the
purpose In view. It is at once well
adapted to range conditions and to the
purposes for which range stock are
chiefly puL
There Is little or no danger -lhat
smallpox will become epidemic In any
city where the health board Is efficient
and the City Physician Is vigilant To
the class of cities thus officered Port
land belongs, and though very few days
pass without the discovery of a case off
smallpox in the city, these patlenta are
taken In charge with such promptness
that no cause for alarm, except such
as can be. removed by vaccination and
fumigation, follows the discovery. Fur
thermore, so successful has the treat
ment of smallpox become that death as
a result of the disease very rarely hap
pens. The snowsllde In which a large num
ber of miners met sudden death near
Tellurlde, Colo., Friday morning, re
calls the tragedy of Chllkoot Pass, one
of the most appalling Incidents of the
Klondike mining craze of Ave and six
years ago. The full details of this
tragedy and its succeeding features will
never be known. Its outlines, however,
as given at the time by the terror
stricken survivors, gave realistic em
bellishment to the story of a miners'
rush the like of which the world never
before saw, and which, It may be hoped,
It will never witness again.
The addition of $14,000 a year to Its
wage scale Is a matter of considerable
importance for a single Portland cor
poration, and the City & Suburban
Railway Company, is to be congratu
lated on Its ability thus to grant the
request of its employes. It Is also to be
'J commended for Its fair-minded attitude
toward its men. Thi3 recognition of
what Is Just and fair between employer
and employe sweetens the relations be
tween capital and labor, and goes far to
make community life easy and worthy.
Major Jenkins having declined to
accept the sword which certain Irasci
ble citizens of South Carolina proposed )
w present mm tnrougn rcsidcnt Roose
velt these people are left with the
weapon on their hands to dispose of In
some other way. Since there is no Indi
cation that they Intend to go to war in
order to get the good of It, It may be
suggested that they hang It upon the
walls of the State Capitol as an emblem
of the folly that finds exemplification
In pitchfork politics ami hasty anger.
Among recent deaths Is that of the
eminent English historian. Rev. Dr.
Samuel Rawson Gardiner, whose "His
tory of England" begins with the ac
cession of James I, and tells the story
of the downfall of the Stuarts, of the
great rebellion and of Qiiver Cromwell's
MARCH '4r 1&0&
SPEAKER HENDERSON TO IOWA.
Chicago Chronicle.
Speaker Henderson Is disturbed by the
general censures which he Is receiving
from Iowa on account of his action relat
ing to Cuban tariff taxes. The corre
spondence of the Chronicle from various
towns in Mr. Henderson's district and
from other Iowa points shows that his
course Is opposed by the public sentfment
In his own party in his district and
throughout the state.
Mrr Henderson has published a letter
to his Iowa constituents in which ho eceks
to Justify his treachery to their principles
and Interests. He says, first, that the
sugar trust wants tho duty on Cuban
sugar removed; second, that the builders
of railroads In Cuba want the sugar duty
removed; third, that the capitalists who
have bought up sugar plantations in Cuba
want the sugar duty removed. That Is
all;
The fling at the sugar trust Is disingenu
ous and ungrateful. The sugar trust ex
ists because It can gain Immense profits
under the tariff on refined sugar, whlcn
Mr. Henderson sustains. It is a tarifi
protected trust Its schedule of prices
costs every consumer of sugar 2 cents a
pound moro than he ought to pay. it
amounts to $1 SO a year to each person in
f the country. To heads of families the tax
Is one of the most oppressive which they
bear.
If Mr. Henderson will advocate the re
moval of the tariff on refined sugar he
will find that the measure would bo for
the Interest of all the people. At the same
time the duty on raw sugar should be re
moved. Sugar duties properly levied not to
protect a class, but to create revenue
would be the easiest tax which the peo
ple bear, and the money paid as duties
would all go Into the treasury. It would
not be tho case, as it Is now. of the Gov
ernment getting fl while the protected
trusts get ?3 of the tax paid by the people.
Mr. Henderson's pica that the Cuban
railroads and that American citizens who
have bought Cuban sugar plantations
want a reduction of the sugar tariff, and
mat uicrerore, it should not bo granted,
Is a piece of pettifogging and Is illusory.
The accusations against him and those
working with him to bind the chains of
commercial servitude on Cuba are not
"lies sent out by the press." His appeal
for "tho farmers of the United States" Is
unadulterated humbug.
The beet-sugar farmers raise less than
one-four-hundredth part of the sugar
consumed by the people of this country.
Their product Is 75.000 tons a year. The
total consumption is 30,000.000 tons a"Vear.
Mr. Henderson says that the people who
consumo 30,000,000 tons of sugar a year
ought to pay 2 cents a pound tariff on
what they consume in order to give a
profit to the few men who produce one-four-hundredth
part of this enormous sup-
ply.
Mr. Henderson's appeal to the people of
his district and of all Iowa Is mere "guff."
It is disingenuous; It lacks the elements
of candor and veracity.
t
The Historian of the Stnarts.
New York Sun.
Dr. Samuel Rawson Gardiner, who died
a few days since, at the age of 73 years,
did a piece of thorough work that ha3
revolutionized the study of an important
period In English history and will stand
for a long time. The downfall of the Stu
arts, the Great Rebellion and Oliver
Cromwell's Protectorate were too closely
bound up with politics and relislon after
200 years for men to Investigate them
calmly. On the main events men held
strong opinions without caring to look
Into the facts too closely; the Tories
abominated everything that preceded and
followed the execution of Charles I and
the Whigs feared to look Into matters
too closely. A striking Incident In "Tom
Brown at Oxford" shows how strong
feeling was only GO years ago.
Bit by bit and step by step Dr. Gardi
ner unraveled the hlstoiy of the two first
Stuarts and established the facts as they
were. Drawing upon the immense mass
of documentary evidence that has been
preserved and never published In the
"Calendars of State Papers," and in the
Camden Society publications that he ed
ited, more notably In the series of mono
graphs, beginning with the accession of
James I and coming within one volume of
the death of Cromwell, which are called
a "History of England" for that time,
during morq than 40 years he made known
tho results of his wonderfully careful and
Impartial researches, throwing a flood of
light on English history and on American
history as well. Judgments may differ
now as before, but they must be based
henceforth on the facts established by
-Dr. Gardiner.
He was a remarkably clear-sighted
searcher, as impartial almost as a ma
chine: an archivist of the class of which
Ranke Is perhaps the greatest example.
He was not a great historian, however.
In the sense that Gibbon, or Hallam or
Mommsen is great His books must be
consulted, but will hardly be read for
pleasure. The very manner In which his
"History of England" grew excludes the
Idea of proportion, and for style he had
little sense. Its merits are truthfulness
and fullness of Information. It Is a mar
vel of what persistent Industry can ac
complish In a long period of years.
For new Ideas, for exciting events, for
great men, the period Dr. Gardiner ha3
made known for the first time" with ex
actness is as fascinating as any In hu
man history. And his honest statement of
facts makes the men he" tells of more hu
man and Intelligible from Bacon and
Coke to Ircton and Cromwell.
A Statement and an Inquiry.
Advices have It that during the past
year $GO,000,000 was given in this country
to tho endowment of colleges and no one
has, as yet. figured up how much to the
erection of libraries. It would" appear,
from all that can be gathered on the sub
ject that the endowment of colleges and
tho establishment of libraries by rich men
aro both likely to bo overdone if the fash
ion is not abated. It Is to be deplored that
the benefits to society by this sort of
giving are not proportionate at all to tho
satisfaction which It seems to yield to
those who practlco it Already there aro
more colleges in the United States than
there are students who can. .afford to at
tend them. In tho libraries of the land are
shelves upon shelves of Idle books await
ing for tho time to come when the people
shall have opportunity and leisure to read
them. The library and college benefactors
might ponder with profit on the saying of
John Ruskln. as true as It Is plain and
emphatic: "Sure, good is first in feeding,
people, then In dressing people, then In
lodging people, and lastly in rightly pleas
ing peoplo with arts and sciences or any
other subject of thought" Refinement
and-culture aro worthy goals; but moro
urgent than these are tho ordinary com
forts and necessities of existence which
.must be administered to. Is It wise to
pour out millions on higher Institutions of
learning which create and foster tastes to
plague those who have not tho means to
gratify them?
Abraham Lincoln and Slavery,
Boston Herald.
Tho question has been raised of lato In
discussion as to whether Abraham Lincoln
was in favor of enforcing the fugitive
slave law 6f 1SS0. Wo thought that was
settled as long ago as the days before the
CM1 War. Mr. Lincoln then declared that
"the clause In the National Constitution
which provided for. the return of fugitive
slaves was one that the Southern States
had a right to ask to have executed by
some efficient law. It was this, if we
mistake not, which led Wendell Phillips
to call him "the slave hound of Illinois."
Mr. Lincoln, although sound In principle
ns regarded the extension, of slavery, was
conservative In his views a3 to Its treat
ment under tho Constitution after the
manner of the less radical Republicans of
his state. Ho probably took substantially
the same ground c did Daniel Web3ter on
the subject of fugitives from labor. The
disposition In anti-slavery quarters is to
be more charitable to Mr. Webster than
was formerly the case, and the mantle
covered Mr, Lincoln considerably earlier.
"public health in maniXX.
Philadelphia Times.
Health conditions In Manila are still not
what we are accustomed to expect In
well-administered cities, but by an official
I report for November of last year, which
has Just come to hand. It is, obvious that
sensible progress is blng made by the
American authorities. The Board of
Health of Manila la composed of five
members, four being Americans and one
a Spaniard. Four are M. D.'s, the other
a B. S., and one Doctor of Medicine Is
also a Doctor of Philosophy. This quin
tette of university graduates looks after
the public health in the principal city of
the Philippines.
The population of Manila s roughly
250.000, of which number 1S6.60O are Filip
inos, 51,600 Chinese and 11,800 of other na
tionalities. In November there were 84S
deaths, aa compared with 97S In the same
month in 10GO. The rate of mortality for
the month was 41.29 per thousand, against
48.4S for November. 1900. While this figure
still seems very high, the Filipinos are
the source of the trouble, because of their
uncleanly manner of living. The rate for-,
natives was 52.97, for the Chinese only 6-13.
and for Americana and others 10.50 per
thousand. The principal cause of death Is
infantile convulsion, and the conditions In
this respect are to be speedily Investi
gated. The Board of Health Is confronted by a
variety of peculiar difficulties. Many
houses are so filthy that they are being
condemned as nuisances and destroyed,
especially tho nipa (thatched palm)
houses. These usually have dirt floors,
and are freely entered by rats, which, it
Is proven, carry the plague through tho
city. On this account the animals are
being trapped and poisoned, with arsenic
concealed in sweet potato food. In No
vember 46S8 rata were caught in Manila,
and were examined for plague germs in
the bacteriological laboratories. The
Board of Health has telegraphed to To
kyo. San Francisco and Singapore for
CCOO new traps, from which we would in
fer that the campaign against the rodents
Is to be continued very actively.
The board Is rapidly perfecting arrange
ments by which health 'conditions will be
still further- improved. A law is to be
passed compelling every one In the Phil
ippines to vaccinate, 'and leprosy Is to be
brought under control. The board will
oblige owners to put" wooden or bamboo
floors In their houses a certain distance
above the ground, or else to cement the
living rooms like cellars. The barbcririg
trade Is to be regulated, and the Chinese
practice of "cleaning the ears and scrap
ing tho eyelids on the streets" has been
forbidden.
The health authorities In the Philip
pines are busy with beast as well as man.
The horses are affected with some epi
demic disease very familiar In India, and
the South African rinderpest ravages the
herds of neat cattle In various parts of
the Archipelago. Tubes of fungus are'dls
tributed to prevent the locusts from de
vastating the land, and the application
of science to tropical problems is being
put to a most interesting test along many
different lines by the American omciais
In the Philippines.
COLLECTING IURH PLANTS.
ICew York. Botanical Garden's BIk
Undertaking.
New York World.
The New York Botanical Garden Is
making an effort to get an Immediate en
dowment of $500,000 for the purpose of eo
ucatlon and the exploration of regions
little known.
Director N. L. Britton says the Garden
needs this amount In addition to Its pres
ent endowment of J6S2.3C3 S7, of which the
following are the largest contributors: .
Columbia University ? 23.000 00
J. Plerpont Morgan 25.000 00
Andrew Carnegie 25.000 00
Cornelius Vanderbllt 25.000 00
John D. Rockefeller 23.000 00
D. O. Mills 23.000 00
Addison Brown ...' 23,000 00
William E. Dodge 10,000 00
James A. Scrymser 10.000 00
William C Schermerhorn 10,000 00
Mrs. Esther Herrman 10.000 00
Charles P. Daly 3.000 po
Oswald Ottendorfer 5,000 00
Samuel Sloan 0.000 00
George J. Gould 5.000 00
Helen M. Gould 3.000 00
John S. Kennedy 5.000 00
William Rockefeller 5.000 00
Arnold. Constable & Co 5.000 00
Mrs. Antoinette Eno "Wood 5.000 00
Morris K. Jesaup 2.500 00
Mrs. Melissa P. Dodge 1.000 00
T T Hnntlneton 1.000 00
Tiffany & Qj 1.000 00
David B. Ivlson 1.000 00
Seth Low J'S52
Samuel Thome ...; 1.00O 00
H. C. von Post 1.000 00
Mrs. Percy R. Pyne 1.000 W
Fred F. Thompson 1.000 00
John Innes Kano 1.000 00
Hugh X. Camp 230 00
Life membership fees 10.100 00
Caroline and Olivia Phelps Stokes
fund for the preservation ot native
plants (Stokes fund) 3.00O 00
Bequest of the lato Judge Charles
P. Daly (David Lydlg fund) 20.463 13
Students' research fund (from fees
of students) 1.083 75
Total 1307.407 03
To stock the five new greenhouses which
have Just been completed, three expedi
tions will be organized. One will go to
Arizona to secure cacti: another will be
sent td Cuba to get tropical plants, while
a third one will go to Europe to arrange
exchanges with botanical gardens.
Dr. Britton says If the additional en
dowment is obtained New York will soon
have a botanical garden which will rival
any In the world.
To Boas the Primary
Arlington Record.
Senator Simon has left Washington for
Portland In order to take part In the com
ing primaries. Some Oregon Senators
have left their seats to attend sessions of
the Legislature when they were candi
dates for re-election, but we believe this
la tho first time a Senator of the United
States, from Oregon, has come to act as
a ward heeler In the primaries. Simon Is
too small a man to" be a Senator of the
United States, and we predict he will be
repudiated by an overwhelming vote.
f
Bellttlcment and Irrevereao
Tillamook Herald
Joe Simon and T. T. Geer are back num
bers from now. henceforth and forever
more. Geer Is a big man In his own es
timation and stature. But Oregon wants
a man so big that he Is not conscious of
his own greatness, for Governor. As for
Simon, poor little trickster, he is like a
bee In a teacup: he makes an awful noise
around Portland, but In the busy hive
of National affairs he ruts a figure about
like an ant on a mountain hardly so
much.
Alone.
S. B. KIser In Chicago Record-Herald,
The wars go on and statesmen rise
To plan for power and for trade
Proud peoplo look through loyal eyes
At Kings and Princes on parade.
The eager nations watch to gain
New prestige here and glory there,
And some one corners all tho grain
To make himself a millionaire.
But whaf cares she who shivers near
Her little stove, alcne. today? '
A year ago, without a tear.
And no good-bye, ho went away..
Through months of sorrow she has prayed
And seen the postman pass, and turned
Back to her tasks, and went and paid
Devotion to the love he spurned.
And yesterday she read his nam
Among the names of those who died
There where the wretched Tagal came.
Bloodthirsty, down the mountain side.
She cares not that tho wheels still whir.
That glorious battles still are won;
Tho sun may shine, but not tor' her,
The glad old dreaming all is done.
-Pale-faced, sho sits and shivers near
The little stove and wonders why
She, so bereft, must linger hero
Since he, so noble, had to die.
"NOTE AND COMMENT.
There is still time to register and save,
yourself trouble at the primaries.
In making political repairs, too many
hammers often spoil the machine.
At any rate, Tillman and his ilk will
soon hive the President going South.
Roosevelt would have shown true hos
pitality If he had taken the Prince with
him on that great trust hunt.
What a beautiful collection of her own
obituaries Miss Stone will be able to
mako when she gets homoagain.
The Senators from South Carolina have
of course forwarded photographs of them
selves to the esteemed Police Gazette.
If local statesmen devoted as much time
to Improving streets as they do to mend
ing fences, the city would bo the gainer.
Perhaps, now that he Is in St. Louis,
the distinguished visitor thinks an Anheuser-Busch
Is worth two in Milwau
kee. A Cuban has been arrested for stealing
WOO worth of diamonds in America. Tho
Cubans seem bound to get even, somehow
or other.
Every once In a while Russia causes
uneasiness In the world's capitals by an
nouncing that she doesn't intend to .grab
any more chunks of China.
What with flood, fire and anarchists,
people leave Paterson for that undiscov
ered country without much uneasiness as
to what It may have in store.
A Bannock Indian committed suicide be
cause he was locked up for being drunk.
Civilization seems to be making little
headway amonc the Bannocks.
The students at the University of St.
Petersburg threaten to cstrike for "free
dom of speech. The American plan 13 to
speak first and strike afterward.
That parrot which turned In a fire
alarm on Second street would have saved
a lot of trouble If he had made tho alarm
more definite and certain as to date.
Having heard tho plantation melodies,
all Prince Henry needs to make his visit
complete Is the sight of a buck and wing
dance, and the sound of a ragtime song.
A man elected to a local school board
In London has sent this letter to tho
press defining his policy: "The scientific
men are gone. I hope we shall have no
more dabblelngs with laborltorys and that
sort of thing. A good sound eleymentary
education for our children Is what we
want; good reading, good wrlteing -and
good arlthmatlc." It Is 'cheering to know
that the education of the younger gen
eration is in such good hands.
Two little Philadelphia girls the other
day strayed Itno the realms of theology
and anthropology, though, of course, they
didn't know It.
"Say," said the flr&S, "we's Dod's little
angels, Isn't we?"
"Yeth," lisped tho second, "but we
hasn't dot any feathers -on uth like the
'Ittle angels my mamma showed me in a
picture-book."
"Well, we had once, dont oo know?" ,
returned the first, "but Dod pulled 'em
all out before him sent us down here."
"What for did him do that?"
"So that we couldn't fly up In the trees
when our mammas want us to come In
and be washed."
Bishop Williams, of Connecticut, used
to tell the following story of the late Dr.
Ducachet: "One Sunday morning Dr.
Ducachet arose feeling wretched. After a
futile attempt to eat breakfast he called
an old and favorite colored servant to
him and said: "Sam, go around and tell
Simmons (the senton) to post a notice
on the church door saying that I am too
111 to preach today.' 'Now, massa,' said
Sam, 'don't you gib up dat way. Just gib
him a trial; you get 'long all right.' The
argument went on, and resulted In the
minister starting off. Service over, ha
returned to his house, rooking much
Lbrlghter. 'How you feel, massa?' said
Sam, as he opened the door. 'Better,
much better, Sam. I am glad I took your
advice.' T knew It; I knew 1 said tho
darky, grinning until every too'ch was In
evidence. 'I knew you feel better when
you git dat sermon out o your system.' "
Healthy Enongh to Bag: Dnclca.
Mr. Cleveland was Invited to attend tho
dinner which President Roosevelt gave at
tho White House In honor of Prince Hen
ry, but did- not appear, having- sent a
letter of declination, although his pres
ence would have been particularly grace
ful and appropriate In his character as a
retired President.
The explanation which Mr. Cleveland
forwarded was contained In the following
Item of news, printed recently:
Former President Cleveland declined tho
Invitation to attend tho banquet at the Whlto
House In honor of Prlnco Henry, assigning ill
health as a reason.
But, on the same day, if President
Roosevelt and Prince Henry read tho
newspapers closely, they would havo
found also this Interesting piece of "per
sonal Information":.
Former President Cleveland has started
homo from a recent duck-hunting trip in the
waters south ot Norfolk. He was greatly
benefitted by his trip physically, and bagged
230 ducks.
PLEASANTRIES OP I'AItAGRAPHERS
Miss Primrose "Don't you ever give your
dog any exercise?" MI33 Hollyhock (fond
ling a fat pug dog) "Of course. I feed him
with chocolates every few minutes, Just to
make him wag his tall." Tit-Bits.
Handicapped Mrs. Homer ""Were you
troubled by mal de mer while crossing the
ocean?" Mrs. Neurlch "No, indeed! I was
so seasick all the way over that I- didn't
even have a chance to make his acquaintance."
Chicago Dally N.ews.
Stevens "Hadey fell down stairs tho oth
er day and followed It by falling over a
wheelbarrow at the bottom of the flight."
Tardley "Gracious, what an experience!"
Stevens "Yes; Hadley says it was so like
a rldo in an auto that it brought back tho
plcasantest of remembrances." Bo3ton Tran
script. Indefinite First Messenger Boy "Hello.
'Thirty-four.' got a message to deliver?"
Second Ditto "Yep." First Messenger Boy
"How fer is it?" Second Ditto (taking out
his dime novel) "On'ly about six chapters o
dl8, 'Fued o do Scarlet Ranger, or do Man
Wld de Red Flannel Eye "Philadelphia
P,res3.
Took Something to Support That. Papa
Are. you sure you can support my datigflter
In the stylo to which sho Is accustomed? The
Suitor Well, I will only say that yesterday I
disposed of my automobile, which I kept In
good repair for over two years. Papa
(brokenly) She Is yours, my boy. I, too,
once owned an auto. Brooklyn Life.
Hostess (to guests, who have to spend a
few days) "We're so glad you've been able
to come, Mrs. Gushlngton: but I do hope wo
are going to have better weather, or I am
afraid- you won't enjoy yourselves much."
Miss Gushlngton "Oh, but. my dear Lady
Borohatn, we didn't .come here to enjoy our
selves. We came to. see you." Punch.
In the Proper Mood. "Mr. Wrlten cannot
work today." telephoned the wife of tlio
dramatic author, "because be has tho grip,
and the .medicine he has taken has affect
ed his brain m that he cannot utter three
words that show any senre or connection."
"All right." answered the lmpressarlo.
"Tell him to write me a libretto for another
comic opera, and sketch the scenario for a.
dramatized novel before ha recovers. And
say, give him another dose of that medicine
if he becomes rational before the work la
finished." Baltimore American,