4
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THE SIQBaTOQ GREGORIAN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY- 23," 1902,
-1
to rgxrotcm
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PORTLAND, FRIDAY", FEBRUARY 28
PURPOSES AND METHODS.
Enter, the anonymous circular, which
has played its part In many campaigns
and must again In this. Its burden two
years ago was that The Oregonlan was
working with certain local forces
against Senator McBride. Its burden
now is that The Oregonlan is working
with certain other local forces against
Senator Simon; and much is made of
"Inconsistency" that last resort of a
discredited cause.
There was a feeling In Oregon, two
years ago, that however estimable Sen
ator McBride was In private life, or
however useful In services adapted to
his qualities, he was not of sufficient
force and weight to represent the state
as it should be represented In the Sen
ate. In that almost universal convic
tion The Oregonlan Joined. It had
sometimes favored Mr. McBride for
local positions, but It had never sup
ported him or thought of supporting
him for the United States Senate.
There Is a feeling in Oregon, this year,
that however estimable Senator Simon
Is In private llfe and however useful
In services adapled to his qualities, he
Is not of sufficient force and weight to
represent the state as it should be rep
resented in the Senate. In that almost
universal conviction The Oregonlan
joins. It has sometimes favored" Mr.
Simon for local positions, but it has
never supported him, or thought of sup
porting him, for the United States Sen
ate. Now it is not the strangest thing In
the world that the political opponents
of Senator McBride were antagonizing
him two years ago, or that the political
opponents of Senator Simon are antag
onizing him now. Nor is It a thing of
wonder that the local politicians who
were for McBride two years ago are
against Simon today. There is no estab
lished syllogism by which a belief in
Senator McBrlde's incapacity can be
made to demonstrate Senator Simon's
capacity.
Every choice In politics, as in every
thkigelse, must be governed by Its own
surrounding circumstances, and not the
circumstances of two, ten or twenty
years distant For a long time The
Oregonlan sought to commit the Repub
lican party in Oregon and In the Na
tion to the gold standard. That battle
'is won, and if attention now has to be
diverted to new questions, the charge of
inconsistency does not He. For twenty
years the fight for the gold standard
was strenuous and constant It was
made without much If any help from
men like Senator Simon, who seem very
solicitous for it now that the once im
minent peril of its overthrow Is passed.
The gold standard Is not the Issue this
'year. The issue is whether Senator Si
mon's Senatorial qualifications meas
ure up to the high rating he himself
sets upon them, and upon this question
The Oregonlan now has and always
'has had the same opinion an opinion
which it believes to be very widely en
tertained by the people of the state
stronger than ever. If anything, from
the experience and observation of three
years past.
The anonymous circular always busies
itself with the activities or those who
support what The Oregonlan is support
ing as if this paper were in some way
accountable for the material resources,
mental caliber and moral perfection of
every man who agrees with it To The
Oregonian's discredit it was urged two
years ago that So-and-So and So-and-So
were also against McBride. To The
Oregonian's discredit it is urged today
that What's his name and What d'ye
call him are also against Simon. It is
as impossible for this paper to control
the acts of Mr. Simon's opponents as
to control the acts of his friends. It
is unable, as It has no desire to assume
responsibility for either. But It has
never been so self-sufficient as to sup
pose that It can accomplish the ends
desired in this community by holding
Itself aloof from others who are also
working for those ends. It is but one
part In the community, and in what la
necessary to be done here In transporta
tion, commerce, harbor improvement,
recognition at Washington, municipal
improvement, as well as in politics, it
has been accustomed, as its purpose still
is, to co-operate with those who are
seeking such results as seem to them
and it to be necessary. Results can
only be reached, in this world, by the
intelligent adaptation of means to ends.
Only in that way was It possible to
correct the misrepresentation of Oregon
in Congress, on the money question.
CtalyIn that way Ib it possible now to
correct inadequate representation there
of the immediate and pressing needs of
the Pacific Northwest
WHO PAYS THE TAX?
Whether the foreigner or the Importer
pays the tax is an old and perplexing
inquiry of tariff discussion. In one
way, also, it is unprofitable, for in the
last analysis the burden falls on the
producer of exports. In a recent issue
of The Oregonlan appeared this declara
tion by a correspondent:
It Is important, in this connection, to bear
In mind one of the simplest and plainest truths
of political economy namely, that a tariff on
Imports is in effect a tax on exports.
Whether a given tariff on imports produces
an exactly equivalent burden on exports may
be open to doubt, but that a tariff tax levied on
goods coming into a country lessens the ex
changeable value of goods going out of the
same country Is not denied, eo far as I am
aware, by a single reputable thinker or writer
on the subject. Any business man can make
his own practical application of this truth.
From that truth, it necessarily follows that
a tariff on Imports falls with special severity
on those particular industries which furnish
the exports given in exchange for the imports.
Why Is It that the exporter pays the
tax on Imports? There Is a variety
of specific reasons, or rather of second
ary causes, for the generic cause that
import duties lessen the exchangeable
value of goods going out of the coun
try. The volume of commodities going
out must ultimately depend upon the
value of commodities coming in. No
farmer, merchant or nation can buy
unless it sells. Nobody can nay for pur
chases, in the long run, except in sales.
It is Impossible for persons or communi
ties to continue In the permanent state
of paying out and never taking in.
Penalties upon one's purchases, there
fore, must indirectly be penalties upon
one's sales.
In foreign trade there is an added
element of Indirect penalty here, be-
1 cause of the sensitiveness of transpor
tation facilities. Discouragement of
tonnage to the United States is dis-
"couragement of tonnage from the
United States, and therefore a pro
moter of high freight charges. Inas
much as the producer gets the foreign
price less cost of transportation, the
producer's rewards rise and. fall with
the encouragement facilities afforded to
importations.
On the Pacific Coast farmer, lumber
man and miner the high tariff burden
falls with peculiar weight. Our lum
ber largely goes across the Pacific and
we look forward to the time when all
our surplus flour will go thither also.
Therefore these duties on Asiatic prod
ucts bear upon our producers. The tax
on tea hurts the lumberman, the tax
on sugar, tobacco and silk hurts the
wheatgrower. Tonnage would be more
plenty and cheaper here If we could
get more Import cargoes for our trans
Pacific steamers. Then our wheat, flour
and lumber cargoes would bring us
greater net returns. Steamers now go
fully laden, but come back with one
third or one-fourth cargoes. The tea
trade is declining under unnecessary
duties, and superfluous or needlessly
high tariffs are maintained on silks,
matting, sugar and other Asiatic prod
ucts. Heavy east-bound shipments
would mean cheaper rates and higher
net prices for our wheat, flour and lum
ber. The Oregon farmer pays the tax
on imports from Asia.
IT IS A PITY.
South Carolina has been heard from.
She Is grieved and humiliated. Her
pulpit, her press, her self-respecting
people with one voice beg the world
to understand that Tillman and Mct
Laurln are not representative of what
is best or what is even tolerable in her
social character. These men, It Is point
ed out, have no part or place In the
world of South Carolina respectability.
They are In the Senate of the United
States, It Is declared, not because they
command local respect but as the rep
resentatives of a political system which
has come in these later years to domi
nate South Carolina under auspices and
by methods foreign alike to her tradi
tions and to her character. All this Is
no doubt true, and something like it
must be true in every country whose
political life, like that of South Caro
lina, rests upon a system of gross and
arbitrary practice. The political life of
South Carolina has fallen from its high
estate because the times at least In the
opinion of the white element of South
Carolina make the business of politics
there a business In which men of sen
sibility and character may not per
sonally have a part
South Carolina is one of the thickly
populated states of the Union, and for
every white man within Its borders
there Is something more than one black
man. The negroes have not high or
even moderate intelligence, they have
relatively little property, they have no
political Instinct or capacity, but they
have overwhelming numbers, and un
der demagogic leadership and there
are always white men In plenty to sup
ply this they would quickly and easily
.dominate the political affairs of South
Carolina, and with them every Interest
in any way related to politics. They
would fill the Statehouse with Ignorant
blacks, as It nas been filled before; they
would make merchandise of the law
making and of the executive functions;
they would drive "capital from South
Carolina, destroy the credit of the state
everywhere, ruin every material inter
est in it, and In the end make it impos
sible for a white man to live there in
comfort and security.
This at least is the opinion of the
South Carolina white people; and it Is
upon this theory that they have or
ganized their politics. Its first motive
and its last motive is to hold the negro
In subjection, to make him a political
cipher, to retain in white hands the
whole power and authority of the state.
It is a hard policy, and Its operation
calls for resolute minds and rough
hands. In such a system of politics
there is no place for gentleness, refine
ment and the graces of persuasion. It
calls for strong men who feel no qualm
of nerve, no prick of conscience, who
halt not to strike when a cruel blow
Is essential to the maintenance of
their ascendancy. And this explains
why the Butlers and the Hamptons,
and why nice men In general, are not In
politics any more in South Carolina.
It explains why the ruffian Tillman
and men of his own kind and selection
are at the front In the public life In
South Carolina, whyHhey make Its poli
tics and why they engross what out
of courtesy must still be called its hon
ors. -
Of course men of this sort, though
they may be Governors, or Senators, or
what not, have no fair character as rep
resentatives of a people distinguished
for refinement and courtesy. They are
the rough riders of a political system
which the intelligence and property of
South Carolina deems essential to Its
struggle for the maintenance of pollt-
leal and material welfare. They are
endured at home in the spirit which
tolerates an evil because It Is a neces
sity. But they have no consideration
among well-bred and well-behaved peo
ple. South Carolina puts her politics in
their hands, for rough hands are es
sential to rough work; but in her heart
she loathes and despises them, and to
day sne Btands grievously ashamed for
the discredit they have brought upon
her.
GOVERNMENT DY INJUNCTION.
The" committee on Federal relations
of the Iowa House has unanimously
decided to report for passage a resolu
tion memorializing Congress to pass
the Hoar bill restricting the issuance
of injunctipns against strlkera This
bill of Senator Hoar was doubtless
prompted by the fact that a Judge of
the Massachusetts Superior Court re
cently Issued a temporary injunction
against the Teamsters' Union or certain
of Its leaders, restraining them from
interfering with the business of an em
ploying company. The other employers
have conceded the demands of the men
touching wages and a recognition of
their union. The company which ob
tained an Injunction from the Superior
Court has been meeting with trouble on
the streets from rioters who Tesort to
Intimidation, threats of violence and
sometimes to actual violence, -to scare
off the company's employes and com
pel it to yield. The Springfield Repub
lican pleads that the statutes of the
states provide severe punishment for all
acts of violence or threats of violence
of the sort named by the company
which seeks this Injunction. One of
these statutes exposes a person who, by
word of mouth threatens injury to per
son or prop'erty, or seek9 to compel a
person to do something against his will,
to Imprisonment for a possible term of
fifteen years.
These statutes are ample to meet just
such cases. Nevertheless, appeal is
made to equity Jurisdiction never de
signed nor created except to meet cases
Involving Irreparable injury which the
law could not have foreseen or pro
vided for, and the Judge promptly
grants the appeal. To this perversion
of the power of the Judge of the court
sitting in equity the Springfield Repub
lican strongly objects, and It Is to cure
this situation, we assume, that Senator
Hoar has presented his bill. The
Springfield Republican holds with Sen
ator Hoar that the "equity" power of a
Judge exercising In his single person
the authority to prosecute, try, convict
and punish without limit should not be
needlessly and unjustifiably usurped
without due authorization of the law
making body.
The recent strike injunctions in Chi
cago have proved almost entirely In
effective; the court has been unable to
enforce Its sweeping decrees. In An
sonla, Conn., the strike Injunction only
served to turn the whole local public
administration Into the hands of the
strikers at the ensuing election. The
Springfield Republican recites these
facts, and fairly argues that nothing Is
gained by stretching judicial authority
beyond its due bounds; that if public
opinion will not support an enforcement
of the law by the regularly constituted
authorities, there will not be enough
to enable a court of justice effectively
to undertake the same task. If the
whole power of the Boston city adminis
tration and a police under state control
fails to enforce the statutes made and
prdvlded for such cases of violence, the
injunction pf the equity Judge will fall.
As a matter of fact, the executive power
of the City of Boston did -not fall, but
afforded police protection freely and
effectively to the assailed employer and
hid men, and It Is fairly argued that the
Judge with his injunction could not do
any better.
The conclusion of Senator Hoar, as
expressed by his bill. Is that there Is
ample law to cover these cases of strike
disorder, and that the way to suppress
disorder is to enforce the law as It was
made to be enforced. This bill of Sen
ator Hoar has encountered most violent
and bitterly expressed opposition from
the New York Sun, which seems to
think that without resort to "govern
ment by injunction" the rights of prop
erty and of the employer would be at
the mercy of every'rlotous strike. Sen
ator Hoar was bred a lawyer, and for a
quarter of a century has represented
In the United States Senate the State
of Massachusetts, the wealthiest and
most populous commonwealth In the
Union In proportion to Its area. To as
sume that Senator Hoar would propose
a bill whos& enactment would sacrifice
the rights and safety of property in
order to cast a bone to a mob of riotous
strikers Is to assume that Senator Hoar
Is either an Ignorant labor visionary
or a pestilent labor demagogue, and It
Is an utterly absurd assumption that a
man of his high intelligence and con
servative temper could legislate In the
spirit of either, a fool or a knave.
OVERWORKED CORLISS ENGINE.
Our esteemed contemporary, the Con
gressional Record, reports Representa
tive Corliss, of Michigan, as saying:
The audacity of this octopus and the villain
ous ingenuity with which It seeks to evade the
conditions imposed upon other cable companies
And extend its tentacles over our islands in
the Pacific and fasten its grasping clutch upon
the wheels of our progress so rapidly moving
from our country toward the Pacific Ocean, Is
TO&rvelously Ingenious, and the most audacious
usurper of public rights of the present age.
Mr. Corliss must have spoken upon
insufficient reflection, or he would not
have gone to such lengths. Have we
come to this, that a man can undls
putably assert on the floor of Congress
that Ingenuity Is Ingenious and boldly
Impute audaciousness to audacity? Re
flect also, how strenuous Is the life that
Mr. Corliss has cut out for his octopus.
With one hand it is seeking to evade,
with another extending tentacles over
the Philippines, and with another fas
tening Its "grasping clutch" upon cer
tain wheels that are rapidly traversing
the undefined region between the United
States and the Pacific Ocean. When we
reflect that this usurpation of public
rights consists In the desire of Mr.
Mackay and his associates to build a
Pacific cable, which Mr. Corliss wants
built at Government expense, the fee
bleness and Irrelevance of his rhetorical
flight are oppressively manifest. "Ora
tory," evidently, is not confined to the
Senate.
The TUlraanltes of South Carolina
come back at the President In. .true
pitchfork style, bluntly asking him to
withdraw his acceptance of an invita
tion to present, on his visit to Charles
ton, a sword to Major Jenkins; of the
First United States Cavalry. Upon the
scabbard of this sword is engraved
words spoken by the President, highly
commending the gallantry of Major
Jenkins. It is now Incumbent upon the
subscribers to the sword fund, -at whose
request, according to the message of
Lieutenant-Governor Tillman, of South
Carolina, this Invitation to the Presi
dent was withdrawn, to burn or other
wise destroy this scabbard, substituting
therefor one engraved with a picture of
Senator Tillman leaping over chairs and
desks In the Senate chamber, ready
with clenched flsts to support the libel
ous utterances of his tongue. If Sena
tor Tillman Is to be honored in this
presentation, that fact should be made
as conspicuous as possible.
A few nights ago, at the Harvard
Club dinner at New Tork, President
Eliot, of Harvard University, made a
speech which contained notable things.
Here Is a paragraph:
As I have gone about New York these last
days I have been amazed at the absolute ugli
ness and squalor of the whole thing. There
are only two redeeming features the water
that surrounds It and Central Park. And the
rich people driving out for pleasure in Firth
avenue are a piteous sight, in that they find
such occupation a pleasure. The profession of
landscape architecture has a lesson for New
York. Such a course as that has only been
existent at Harvard for two years.
President Ellot, though advanced In
years, does not let the time run by him,
but keeps abreast of it He said, fur
ther: "The phenomenon of today In
regard to the academic life is that it Is
all new. In spite of The fact that Har
vard. Is centuries old, university admin
istration, its life. Is new, all new, each
day, each week." It must be so In all
things, or the tide of the world will
run by and leave us hindmost
Uncle Sam as the host of royalty flllsJ
the role with self-respect, dignity and
generous hospitality. While he does
not scant the courtesy due to a foreign
guest, he sees that the President of the
United States as representative of the
people takes precedence In all functions
a smiling but not obsequious host As
Whltelaw Reld, a finished scholar in
the etiquette of diplomacy, expressed it:
"The firsflionor here is due to the Pres
ident of the United States; others for
others, but he is ours the one chief
ruler under the sun." After this rating,
that man is a churl Indeed who finds
fault with the generous tribute to the
German Emperor and people that fol
lowed at the pr.ess banquet to Prince
Henry, given In Mr. Reld's happiest
and most tactful vein. Courtesy costs
nothing, but It makes sure return In
good feeling the coin of every realm,
the currency Interchangeable at par
between all civilized peoples and na
tions. In the Government report of the wool
clip of 1901 we find Oregon In the sec
ond class of states producing the heavi
est average fleeces. In the first class
there are only four states New Hamp
shire, Vermont, California and Texas.
In these states the average weight of
fleeces was eight pounds or over. In
the second class are ten states, viz.:
Massachusetts, Iowa, Kansas, Montana,
Wyoming, Arizona, Nevada, Idaho,
Washington and Oregon, the average
being seven pounds. The statistics
given show that the East no longer
holds the great sheep states. New York
falling into the third class In the above
rating, and Ohio and Pennsylvanal into
the fourth. Of the dozen leading states
according to averages, the East holds
but three.
The capture of the brigand Filipino
chief. General Lukban, In Samar, Is a
most Important success. Captain Henry
T. Allen, U. S. A., Chief of the Philip
pine Constabulary, In his report to Gen
eral Chaffee December 15, 1001, said:
When Malvar in Batangas and Lukban in
Samar are killed or captured the work In this
archipelago will cousin chiefly in destroying
tho numerous bands of robbera variously called
tullsancs, ladrones, alzados, babylanes, dlos
dlos. etc and in this work the constabulary
will be specially valuable, as shown by the be
ginning already made.
It was a detachment of Lukban's
forces that committed the frightful
massacre of Captain Connell, Ninth
United States Infantry, and nearly his
whole company. Malvar's principal
Lieutenant in Batangas was recently
captured.
The Government ration system, which
has made willing paupers of reserva
tion Indians for years, Is to be with
drawn from the able-bodied members of
the tribes. This Is a move In the right
direction. The system encourages Idle
ness, promotes beggary and suppresses
Independence, and Is one of the most
effectual barriers to the progress toward
even the seml-clvllizatlon of the Indian.
This Is strictly In accordance with na
ture and experience, regardless of
races or Individuals. With the necessi
ties of life assured without effort the
Incentive to labor disappears and indo
lence rulea The story is as old as civ
ilization. By a general order of the War De
partment Issued at Washington, Febru
ary 11, 1902, It Is directed that the bat
tery at present located on the Fort
Warren (Mass.) military reservation be
known henceforth as "Battery Lowell,
In honor, of Brigadier-General Charles
Russell Lowell, formerly Colonel of the
Second Massachusetts Cavalry, and who
was mortally wounded at Halltown,
Shenandoah Valley, Va., on August 2C,
1864." Through the carelessnes of some
subordinate, the War Department haB
made a blunder, as General Charles
Lowell was mortally wounded at the
battle of Cedar Creek, Va., October 19,
1864.
If Miss Alice Roosevelt's head is not
turned by the distinguished considera
tion paid her as the President's daugh
ter, it will be because she comes from
level-headed stock and' Is carefully
guarded by her parents. It must be
said of the young woman that she has
borne herself with grace and simplicity
throughout the ceremonies In which she
had a conspicuous part to the credit of
the cultured young womanhood of
America.
The Senate Is the place for our great
est men; and'Mr.-Slmon falls Into the
mistake, as Mr. McBride did, of deem
ing himself a great man. Mr. McBrlde's
place Is some little clerkship some
where Mr. Simon's, practice at" nisi
prlus, In a police court or In the petty
war of village vexation. What has
made the Senate of the United States
so little? What but the habit of filling
its seats with our little men.
Not 118,000 a year, or any other sum,
Is too much for Ben Campbell, Port
land's railroad man and prince of good
fellows, who has been called to the as
sistant traffic managership of the Har
rlman lines. Portland, where fie has
lived and labored for eighteen years,
regrets Its loss, which Is Chicago's gain.
"Dlnna ye hear the sound of the slo
gan?" Its refrain Is, "Register, regis
ter, the primaries are close at hand.'
COMMON-POINT IMMIGRANT RATES
Among the several formal propositions
advanced by the Astoria Chamber of Com
merce In the interest o Astoria's progress
Ih particular, and the welfare of Oregon
In general, we find a demand "that all por
tions of Oregon shall have a common point
with Portland In Immigration." This de
mand is not unreasonable, and it is one
that the railroads In their own interest
ought to concede. The rule has been to
ticket immigrants leaving New York, Chi
cago or other points east of the Rocky
Mountains to Portland, Seattle, Tacoma
or some other general center, leaving them
no means of looking over the country In
detail, excepting by payment of local pas
senger rates. It Is easy to see how this
rule has worked to the disadvantage of
the districts like Southern Oregon and
several coast counties, which He at some
considerable distance from Portland, and
which can only be reached by some con
siderable expenditure of time and money.
The new-comer 1b naturally disinclined to
part with any more money than is abso
lutely necessary, and he Is likely to econo
mize by limiting his observationa within
narrow lines, and to the lowest possible
cost
The result Is damaging in many ways.
It affects the Immigrant himself, for If
he seeB but little of the country he is less
likely to make a judicious and satisfac
tory settlement than if his observation
extended over the whole of it; and the
danger of his being dissatisfied and of re
turning to his former home, or of passing
on to California or elsewhere, is vastly
Kgreater than if every part of Oregon, with
the wide range of Its opportunities, passed
under his notice. It has often been de
clared that of every two Immigrants
who come to Oregon, one Is lost through
failure to find here conditions suited to
his purpose or liking; and while this Is
probably an exaggeration. It Is unques
tionably true that we lose a good part of
those who come here. And the reason Is
that not one In five gets an adequate view
of the country.
Every part of Oregon suffers through
this habit of tho immigrant to go back
home or to move on, but naturally the
more remote districts to which access Is
difficult or costly suCer most. In view
of those who live in these remoter dis
tricts their failure to gain largely from
Immigration -is attributed to the fact that
the new-comers have no easy and cheap
means of getting Into the country and of
seeing what awaits them there. In this
view there may be an element of exag
geration, but the people who live In
Southern Oregon and the coast counties
are as capable as anybody to estimate
conditions and effects. If an immigrant,
upon his arrival In Portland, held coupon
tickets giving him transportation without
extra coat Into the several districts of the
state, he would in many or most cases
avail himself of the opportunity to look
over the country, and the probability of
his finding conditions suited to his means
and purposes would In the nature of things
be very greatly Increased.
Portland, no less than Astoria and South
ern Oregon, Is interested, or ought to be,
in giving new-comers Into Oregon oppor
tunity to see all that we have here; and
Portland ought to be able. In conjunction
with other sections of the country, to do
something In the way of establishing con
ditions to this end. Railroad men are
usually found to be reasonable men when
properly approached. They certainly will
be able when all the conditions are laid
before them to see the advantage, not
less to the Interests of transportation than
to every other Interest, of making con
ditions In so ?ar as it may be done rea
sonably, that will give to new-comers the
widest possible view to our country and
the largest range of choice in tho matter
of getting themselves located.
ALBERT BIEriSTADT.
The Painter of the Remarkable Pic
ture of Mount Hood.
Chicago Tribune.
Few American artists have been better
known or achieved a larger degree of suc
cess with their works than Albert Bler
stadt, the landscape painter, whose death.
In his 73d year, la announced. Though
not an American by nativity, Dusseldorf
being his birthplace, he came to this
country at such an early age that he was
considered an American, and all his work.
except his preliminary efforts while a
student, was done here. His first picture
In oil appeared when he was 22 years of
age. The next six years he spent In Eu
ropean schools and studies, returning to
the United States in 1837.
Blerstadt was a quick worker, and for
several years he turned out pictures of
American scenery with astonishing rapid
ity and achieved at the outset a popular
ity which made them equally rapid sellers.
His best-known canvases were painted in
the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevadas
and the Tosemlte Valley, and as at that
tlrao these were almost unknown regions,
or at least the subjects were on so vast
a scale that no other artist cared to at
tempt their representation, his pictures
became the rage and brought prices which
were well-nigh fabulous in those daj-s.
Among the most famous of these are
"Landers Peak," "Storm In the Rocky
Mountains." "North Fork of the Platte."
"Looking Down the Tosemlte,',' "Valley of
the Tosemlte," "Estes Park," "Diamond
Pool" and "Mount Hood," sold at prices
ranging from 10,000 to $25,000. Famous
and expensive as these works were at the
time, little la known of them now, and
so completely had the artist himself dis
appeared from public view that the news
of his death probably was a surprise to
those who had known him.
Blerstadt was known as the representa
tive of the Dussaldorf School in America,
and this also contributed to his success,
as that school was a novelty here at that
time. His Illustrations of scenery were
always on a large scale, and he painted
not only boldly but sometimes audaciously
His Btyle of work was not unlike that of
Verestchagin In his Himalayan pictures,
and yet, while he painted boldly and
freely, he had an eye for details which
sometimes he worked out with much pa
tience. His earlier works were better
than his later ones. The commercial spirit
jtrew upon him with his success and his
work lapsed Into hurried and sensational
effects, marred sometimes by positive
faults of execution. Notwithstanding this
falling, which has characterized some
greater artists than he, he was an artist
of more than ordinary ability, and he per
formed a useful service In transferring to
canvas some of tho most majestic ecenery
In the world and making It familiar to
thousands who could have no other op
portunity of seeing it.
The Dwelling of Peace.
Henry van Dyke, In Harper's for February.
Two dwellings. Peace, are thine.
One Is the mountain-height.
Uplifted In the loneliness of light
Beyond the realm of shadows fine,
And fax. and clear where advent of the night
Means only glorious nearness of the stars.
And dawn, unhindered, breaks above the bars
That Ions the lower world in twilight keep.
Thou steepest not, and hast no need of sleep.
For all thy cares and fears have dropped away;
The night's fatigue, thffever-fret of day.
Are far below thee; and earth's weary wars.
In vain expense of passion, pass
Before thy sight like visions in a glass.
Or like the wrinkles of the storm that creep
Across the sea and leave no trace
Of trouble on that Immemorial face
So brief appear the conflicts, and so slight
The wounds men give, the things for which
they fight.
STORY OF MARCUS WHITMAN.
S. A. Clarke, formerly of Oregon, re
cently broke Into the New York Times
with a sympathetic tribute to the Whit
man myth, to which the same paper now
prints this reply:
Will you allow- me a few words of com
ment on the letter of Mr. S. A. Clarke, of
Washington, on "The Story of Marcus
Whitman"? Mr. Clarke's statements are
apparently based upon what he has heard
in Oregon, for he gives no printed au
thority for his assertions. How far such
oral tradition may vary from the truth
and gather to Itself pure fiction is illus
trated In Mr. Clarke's account of Whit
man In Washington. He writes that In
Washington Whitman wa3 Introduced to
Webster and to Tyler by "his friend and
schoolmate, John C. Spencer, Secretary
of War." Now. John C. Spencer, who
was the son of the well-known Judge Am
brose Spencer, was born In 17SS In Hud
son, while Marcus Whitman was born In.
Ruahvllle, in Central New York, In 1S04.
John C. Spencer graduated from Union
College In 1S0S, when Whitman was 4
years old. That they were schoolmates
Is, therefore, purely fictitious, and yet
Mr. Clarke makes the assertion as one of
his "conclusions reached after very care
ful and disinterested Investigation."
The growth and diffusion of the legend
of Marcus Whitman is one of the
strangest things in the literature of
American history. Readers of the Times
who are Interested In the Whitman story
will find a detailed literary history of it
In my "Essays In. Historical Criticism."
They will also find there the Indisputable
contemporary evldenae from letters of Mr.
and Mrs. Whitman, the record of the
American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions, and the letters and
Journal of Whitman's missionary col.
league, Elkanah Walker, that the accept
ed version of Whitman's Journey East In
1842-43 Is purely fictitious.
Tho Whitman story at nearly every
point 13 radically at variance with the au
thenticated history of tho Oregon ques
tion. Its general acceptance by writers
of text-books on history has been owing
o the fact that William Barrow's Oregon
In "The American Commonwealth's" se
ries has been assumed to be trustworthy
history of Oregon, when, as a matter of
fact. It Is one of the most remarkable
perversions of history ever published. Of
this book more than ten editions have
been sold, and It has directly and indi
rectly been the source from which mil
lions of readers have learned a story of
Oregon whlych is a grotesque distortion of
the real facts.
As the legendary story of Marcus Whit
man is given in almost all the books of
every kind that mention his name It will
readily be seen that undoing the work of
Mr. Barrows will be no short and easy
task. It needs the active co-operation,
not only of scholars, but also of the news
paper press. The excellent service that
the New Tork Times' Saturday Review of
Book3 has already done In this cause by
the publication of the only scholarly and
critical review of Mowry's Marcus Whit
man that appeared In the public press of
the United States during the first six
months after the publication of that de
ceptive work has led me to offer these
comments on Mr. Clarke's letter and upon
the Whitman question.
EDWARD G. BOURNE.
The Tale Review, New Haven, Conn.,
Feb. 17, 1902.
WASTE MONET ON STAMPS.
Government Getn Million Every
Tear Because of Careless
ness of Public.
Chicago Chronicle.
"Americans waste an enormous amount
of money every year through careless
ness In handling postage stamps," says an
employe of the Chicago Postofflce. He
went on to explain Just how this was
done and made the startling statement
as the result of his observations the
citizens of this city annually buy 55CO.O
worth of stamps which are not necessary
or not used.
"I don't think it can be Baying too
much to say that Uncle Sam Is much
more than $1,000,000 In pocket every year
as a result of carelessness In the use of
stamps. The Government never loses any
thing by such carelessness and always
gains.
"How many do you put loose in a draw
er of your desk or in a corner of your
pocket-book or wallet and never think of
again until you come across them, aged
and decrepit while rummaging about
months later? Of course nobody ever
thinks of even trying to redeem such
stamps. They couldn't If they tried it
"Hot weather used to be responsible
for more gain for tho Postofflce Depart
ment than any other one cause. Stamps
were ruined by the thousand because the
gum melted and they stuck to one an
other. "The little oiled paper books of stamps
that are sold now and that are getting
to bo so popular have Interfered with
this source of Government revenue. They
separate the gummed sides so that they
cannot stick together.
"Then there's another practice Indulged
in by many advertising and business
firms that puts a good deal of coin Into
Uncle Sam's pocket In the course of every
twelvemonth, and that's the practice of
sending out unsolicited letters asking for
trade or patronage of eome sort These
are often accompanied by stumped and
addressed envelopes for a reply that In
the majority of cases Is never made.
"I suppose, as a matter of fact, not
one-tenth' of them ever elicit replies.
Thus the stamp that has been paid for
Is not used, and the Government 13 paid
for work not done. A few business
houses that I know of collect such en
velopes and redeem them when they have
got enough to make It worth their while,
but very few take the trouble to do this.
There are thousands of reply postal cards,
too, that are never used.
"Lots of people are careless about
putting stamps on envelopes and paper
wrappers. The result Is that often be
fore the stamp has Deen canceled It
has fallen off and the letter Is held up
at the other end of tho line until the
postage Is paid.
"A grea many more folks put on too
much postage. They slap on two 5-cent
stamps to a package that needs only one
altogether.
"Of course, there Is no way In which
to tell just how much money Is wasted
In these different ways, but It must be
plain after what I've said that It's a
pretty big fortune every year. The beau
ty of It is that the Government always
gets the benefit of any mistakes. If too
little postage Is put on a letter. Uncle
Sam simply holds It up until the differ
ence Is paid. If too much Is put on.
Uncle Sam simply pockets the excess to
which he Is not entitled, and says noth
ing." Tke Ownership of Vermont.
Boston Herald.
Dr. Wl Seward Webb wishes to be Gov
ernor of Vermont. Probably he will be
permitted to have his wish. Nobody but
a railroad magnate has been seriously
considered as a possible candidate for
some time. It Is presumed that the other
one has been appeased In some manner by
the Webb Influence, and that the ways
are greased for sliding the doctor Into the
Governor's chair, or will be greased In
due time. If they are not already. Ver
mont Is Dr. Webb's adopted state. He
removed to It from New Tork a few
years ago, temporarily, aswas supposed.
But he appears to like Vermont and to
find the Vermonters easy. He has secured
control of the chief railroad interests, and
made them subsidiary to the schemes of
his relatives, the Vanderbllts. Whoever
owns tho Vermont railroads owns the
state. If he desires to be Governor, whit
shnll hinder him? His announcement of
his aspiration Is smooth and taking. He
tells his friends that they may have no
fear that he will withdraw and leave them
In the lurch. He Is not that kind of a
man. They can work for him In full con
fidence that they will not be forgotten.
What more can they ask?
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Let us hope that Prince Henry has a
good digestion.
The semi-weekly epidemic of grip has
again descended on the city.
Prosldent Roosevelt Is waiting patiently
to hear from the rest of the Tillman fam
Ily. If Spain keeps on at tho present gait
the next census-takers will only have to
work half-time.
Every reporter In Washington and New
Tork seems to be acting as Prince Hen
ry's press agent.
Kentucky Is to make an exhibit at St
Loul3. It was an exhibition that she
made In Congress.
There are 15 days In which to register,
but remember, there will be a good many
people to register In them.
The abolition of the whipping-post
makes the punishment of Tillman and
McLaurln Indeed a hard problem.
Lord Rosebery Is said to desire to or
ganize a new party. Mr. W. J. Bryan is
nursing the same vaulting ambition.
The Daughters of the Revolution got
away from Washington without any ser
ious trouble. Is the spirit of '76 dead?
A Kansas man says that the dead will
arise In 1915. Does this mean that Phila
delphia is going to take an airship excur
sion? Tho President is going trout-fishing.
Loyalty will compel tho newspapers to
print as gcspel the stories of his catch he
sends out
The Weather Bureau Is eagerly looking
forward to the time when a storm will
call It up by wireless telegraphy and givo
Its own warning.
Tho New Jersey Legislature has appro
priated 110,000 to exterminate the moa
qultos. If It tackles the trusts It will
require a considerably larger appropria
tion. The coronation presents to be sent to
King Edward by the Sultan of Morocco
are of a unique character. Many of them
aro faithful copies by Moorish artists of
the most exquisite works of art In the
Moorish Museum. Among the presents
are Included specimens of the Moorish
craftsmanship of 1000 years ago, which
have never before been reproduced or out
of the imperial possession.
Some years ago there was a lively dis
cussion In New Tork and elsewhero con
cerning the question whether tho sharks
were really so dangerous to human beings
as they were generally regarded, and a
wealthy and well-known New Torker of
fered a considerable sum for convincing
evidence that a white man had never been
fatally injured by any of these sea mon
sters. A rocent War Department report
says officially that an American soldier
In the Philippines was killed by a shark
not long ago. This evidence ought to be
sufficiently convincing.
Ex-Speaker Thomas B. Reed is not a
possible candidete for Governor of New
Tork. His friends point out that Mr. Reed
only moved here from his Portland home
in Maine in 1S6S, and that article IV,
section 2. of the state constitution, ha3
this to say on tie subjecU
"No persos shall be tJigibie to the of
fice of Governor or Lleeteaaat-Governor
except a citixec of tie Ustted States, of
the age of aoc Jess tiaa 3 years, and
who cball have b-e-x: ysars next pre
ceding bis etedoo a rseat. of this
state."
Mr. Reed is aow :33dBg S75.0X) a year
as 2. te-orvar. sad -Kesi to New Tork City
for ao other perpos-e than "to make a
competesce for Ms family."
The Rev. Henry Irwin, known as
"Father Pat" who died the other day,
was a Church of England clergyman.
who went as a missionary to the miners
In the Canadian Rocky Mountain region
during the period of railway construction,
and lived with these pioneers until the
day he left to meet his death In the neigh
borhood of Montreal. He held his services
sometimes In the rough cabin, sometimes
In the smoking-room of the hotel. He
was every man's friend, and whenever
any one was in trouble he was promptly
on the spot to comfort and relieve. There
came to one of his services a man who
Jeered aloud and would listen to no re
proof. Divesting himself of his surplice.
"Father Pat" lifted the man from the
room and showed him by main force out
side of the shanty that he could not dis
turb worship with Impunity. That man
was so impressed with the earnestness of
"Father Pat" that he became a lifelong
friend and a pillar of the church.
a
AKKOrteil Voice.
Gentleman's Magazine.
It Is a well-known fact that voices dif
fer greatly according to nationality and
geographical position. Thus, in Russia
one hears male voices which are abso
lutely unique in the lowners of their com
pass. The Italians, on the other hand,
are notable for their fine tenor voices.
Some Asiatic nations, according to Engel,
sing In shrill notes by straining the voice
to Its highest pitch; others delight in a
kind of vibrato or tremolando. Some dng
habitually In an undertone; others in a
nasal tone. LIchtenstein. In describing
the singing of a Hottentot congregation
in South Africa, observes that among all
the singers, consisting of about a hundred
Hottentots of both sexes, there was not
one man with a bass or baritone voice; all
the men had tenor voices. The Chinese
voices seem to bear some resemblance to
the weak character of the people. A mil
itary man who had three years' service In
the country declares that he never once
heard a Chinaman sing from his chest.
T
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
"Who is the fellow with the long hair?"
"He's a Yale College boy." "Well. I've often
heard of th03e Yale locks." Yonkers States
man. "It's an 111 Wind." etc. "Hello. Tommy!
Not gone back to school yet?" "No. I'm In
luck. SU Is going In for measlesl But how i3
It you haven't gone?" "Oh, I'm In luck, toot
Our baby Is having whooping cough!" Punch.
Mrs. Newrlch But. Henry, how could you
have given 10 for this dog? Is he really worth
It? Mr. Newrlch (with deep feeling) Worth
It? Ah. Emily. If you or I had the pedigree
that dog has! Tlt-Blt3.
Employer (fiercely) See here, I told you yes
terday morning when you came In half an hour
late that you would have to get down earlier!
Clerk Well, I'm only 29 minutes late this
morning. Chicago Dally News.
Faux Pas. Miss Koy (In street-car) It's
really very kind of you, Mr. Crabbe. to give
me your seat. Mr. Crabbe-r-Not at all. We
men are getting tired of being accused of never
giving up our seats except to pretty girls.
Philadelphia Press.
Carrie You don't mean to say you are so
tired as all that? Why, I was at the ball, too,
and I feel as fresh as though I hadn't been up
half tho night. Ethel Yes. I suppose It does
make a difference where one can go to a ball
and rest herself all the evening. Boston Tran
script Exciting Sport. Algy Poor Cholly nearly
faulted dead away after his automobile broke
the record for a mile, yesterday. Gussle You
don't mean to tell me the reckless fellow rode
In It? Algy Oh. dear no: but on my honor,
he never once took his field-glasses off it from.
, start to finish! Brooklyn Life.