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THE MORNING OEEGONIAN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1902.
he rjegxxittmt.
Entered at the Postofilce at Portland. Oregon,
as second-class matter.
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b.y "Editor The Oregonian." not to the name
of any Individual. Letters relating to adver
tising, subscriptions or tc any buslneEs matter
should b addressed simply "The Oregonian."
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tation. No stamps should be inclosed for this
purpose.
Eastern Burlneys Office. 3. 41. 45, 47. 43. 49
Tribune building. New York City: C9 "The
Rookery." Chicago; the S. C. Bcckwlth special
cgencj. Eastern reprenmtatlve.
Tor sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee. Pal
ace Hotel news stand: Goldsmith Bros.. 230
Sutter street: F. V. Pitts. 100S Market etrcct:
J K. Cooper Co.. 740 Market street, near the
I'a'ace Hotel: Foster &. Orear, Terry news
etend.
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So Spring Btreet.
For sale In Sacramento by Sacramento News
Co., 4't IC street. Sacramento. Cal.
For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co..
217 Darlx.r street, and Chat. MacDonald. 53
Washington street.
Tor wile in Omaha by Barkalow Bros.. 1612
Tarnain street.
For sal in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News
Co , , , Second South street.
For Ml in New Orleans by A. C Phelps.
GOD Commercial Alley.
For sail In Ogden by W. C Kind. 204 Twcn
tj -fifth street, and C. II. Myers.
On flle at Charleston. S. C. in the Oregon ex
hibit at the exposition.
For sale in Washington. D. C. by the Ebbett
IIoue news stand.
For sale in Denver. Colo., br Hamilton &
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& Jackon Book & Stationery Co.. lfth and
Lavrencc streets, A. Series, 1057 Chamia
ftrt
TODAY'S WEATHER Partly cloudy, with
probably sihowers; southerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature. r7, minimum temperature, 47; pxe
clpitatlon, 0.2. Inch.
I'OItTLAXI), Fit IDA Y, FEB. 21, 3902.
THE CONSUMPTION OF LIQUOIt.
The demand for alcoholic liquors in
ilK-ir various forms Is based largely on
physiological conditions. A poorly fed
and poorly lodged population will spend
more money on drink than a population
well fed, well clothed and well lodged.
It Is well known In all countries that
por and meager food and fetid air cre
ate an appetite for drink; and as drink
deepens poverty, each condition tends
to aggravation of the other.
Of the four great nations of the civ
ilized world, our own is the one which,
as might be expected from the fore
going circumstances, consumes the
least amount of alcoholic liquor, In pro
portion to population. The British
Board of Trade, in a report compiled
recently, states the amount of spirits
annually consumed in the four coun
tries, as follows (in gallons):
Per
head.
1 12
2.02
1.94
Total.
United Kingdom (1900) 45,S90.onO
France (1900) 7S.4r.2,t00
ucrmany uuoo) I07.ioo.ooo
United States (1S99) Sl.000.000 1.0C
The United States shows the least per
capita consumption of spirits of any.
France consumes nearly twice as much,
per head, and somewhat more than
Germany, the next highest. In beer the
report of consumption is as follows (In
gallons):
Per
Total. head.
United Kingdom (1900) 1.298.7M.O00 :il.T
Trarce (llirx) S.'lS.WJ.OiiO (5.2
Germany OS00) l,r.27.S7S.OO0 27.S
X'nlted States (1S99) 934,210.000 13.3
It is known, of course, that France
consumes little beer and much wine,
and the United States and Germany
comparatively little wine and much
beer. But it Is a surprise to find the
consumption of beer greater, per caput,
in the United Kingdom than in Ger
many. Following are the figures as to
annual consumption of wine in the four
countries:
Per
Total. head.
Tnltefi Kingdom 15,Sir..W0 0.S9
Franco 9S3,iriS.OMt 2.1.40
Gtrmany M.S34.O00 1.45
United State 2r,34G,000 U.33
Taking all sorts of liquors together,
spirits, wine and beer, the consump
tion in each of the countries, per an
num, is stated thus (In gallons):
Tcr
head.
.TJ.21
33.02
30 Til
11.09
Total.
Great Britain 1.300, -1C2.S00
Fran l.i!9!.M4,0Oa
Germany l.Tlti.SlH.OOrt
United States l.OlO.fwC.OOO
Thus it appears that In comparison
with other countries consumption of
liquors in the United States is moder
ate being less than one-half that in
the other countries named. But the
physiological law mentioned at the be
ginning of this statement may be ex
pected to cause increase of consumption
of liquors in the United States, as popu
lation becomes more dense and presses
harder on the means of subsistence.
As our urban population grows, and
congestion of the inhabitants increases,
there is no reason to suppose there will
not be increased consumption of liquors.
In most of our greater cities it doubt
less already has nearly reached the
proportions that exist in Europe. It is
the open air of the country, and the
lnlluence of agriculturist and village so
ciety that conduce to abstinence from
alcoholic drink.
A JOl'RNAI,ISTIC MISFIT.
Such ignorance and such stupidity!
It simply amazes one. The Oregonian
showed that improvement of the Upper
Mississippi was practically useless un
der modern conditions till the Eads
jetties had been constructed at
the mouth. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer
exclaims, "Shades of Mark
Twain! Much money was spent on the
Upper Mississippi, and it was a great
stream in steamboat days, before the
jetties were constructed." But the Se
attle paper knows, or It doesn't know,
that the railroad era came after, and
that the railroad took the local busi
ness, leaving little or nothing to the
river: and that the upper river as a
channel or outlet for the products of the
Mississippi Valley never was good for
much or anything, till the channel for
efeep vessels had been opened at the
mouth. What good is it to float the
products of the country down the Mis
sissippi or the Columbia if they cannot
go to sea? In these times of world-wide
commerce, the outlet to the sea is the
thing of first Importance.
Working at the head of the editorial
department of the Post-Intelligencer is
an opinionated person of very limited
range of observation and knowledge.
He eets up his opinion on many sub
jects, when In fact he is entitled to an
opinion on no subject, because in his
view of a subject but a small part or
no part of the factors of it are in
cluded. He belongs to the journalism
of some back county, say in Minnesota
or Missouri, and his assumption of the
functions of an editor in a country that
has an intelligent population is a spec
tacle that Is impressive only for its
effrontery. The idea that it is of real
use, in these railroad days, to navigate
the Columbia River unless vessels of
large carrying capacity can pass In and
out of its mouth is an absurdity worthy
of this editor. This man, if he were
going to build a house, would propose to
lay the rafters first. He would better
return to the backwoods community
whence he came.
TRIBUTE TO REAL "WORTM.
How often, as we tread the dreary
desert of life, we are ready to blame
but slow to praise; how many kind
words of appreciation that might have
been dropped on thirsty ground by the
wayside are unspoken, how often is the
hand outstretched in appreciation and
gratitude only to find that the expected
recipient has gone on in Ignorance of
our generous belated purpose. We
meant well, but the train has left, the
bolt has sped, the bar has closed for
the night, or the referee, mayhap, has
counted ten. In eschewment, therefore,
of absent-mindedness and the marble
heart alike, let us, notwithstanding the
press upon our columns and the late
ness of the hour, offer a modest but
timely tribute to a body at which much
censorious attention has recently been
directed. We mean the National House
of Representatives, which in Mug
wumpia is gravely reprobated as no
longer a deliberative assembly, far be
low the standard reared aloft in the
Senate.
Oratory and deliberation have held
high carnival in the House for two
days. As to whether or not the Indian
appropriation bill should pass, Mr. Bur
leson submitted the attitude of Presi
dent Roosevelt, before taking and
after taking the Presidency, toward
the trusts. In reply Mr. Hill spoke
for an hour in favor of his sil
ver coinage bill. Mr. Gillett excori
ated Mr. Wheeler for his constructive
discourtesy to Prince Henry and the
German vote. Still relative to the In
dian appropriations, Mr. Bromwell read
a humorous poem, whose burden was
the alienation of the German vote that
would accrue to Wheeler from his anti
German speech; Corliss completed his
long address on behalf of the "Western
Union's opposition to the Mackay Pa
cific cable, Hamilton defended the trusts
so as to draw applause and laughter
from both sides of the House; Sulzer
made a speech in advocacy of Increased
pay to letter-carriers; Jackson ad
dressed the House In support of direct
election of United States Senators; Kern
castigated the majority for Its failure to
sympathize with the Boers, and Boutell
traced at length the history of "trucu
lent sycophat.cy" from the foundation
of our Government. Newlands, as the
last speaker of the day, gave his rea
sons for opposing the Hill coinage bill.
The Indian bill having thus been pon
dered o'er and inwardly digested, de
bate was closed upon it.
In view of this spectacle of oratory
and deliberation, which for pertinence,
dignity and courtesy could hardly be
surpassed by the Senate itself, let no
one henceforth- charge that the House
is not a deliberative body. In numbers,
possibly, its Wheelers do not compare
with the Tillmans, Duboises, Masons,
Wellingtons, Clarks and Keans of the
Upper House. But it has cleared itself
from the aspersion of being too prompt
in the dispatch of public business.
THE IMMIGRATION SEASON.
Restoration of homeseekers and set
tlers' rates by the transcontinental rail
roads directly serving the Pacific North
west promises a great inflow of immi
gration the coming Spring. The home
seekers' rates are for the round trip
for those who wish to examine the
country before bringing their families
to make homes here and the settlers'
rates are for the west-bound only. In
March and April. This period embraces
the safe and rational time for a. change
of location, since with the Summer be
fore them in which to get settled and
prepare for Winter, the comfort of the
thrifty is assured while making a
change of residence that is at best some
thing of a hardship to all concerned.
Simple as ib this lesson of prudence.
It is one that immigrants are slow to
learn. If we may judge from the re
ports thm come year after year from
Oklahoma, Nebraska, the Dakotas and
other sections the vastness of whose
area, together with the liberality of
Government land laws, has attracted
settlers in great numbers during a few
years past. Only a few days ago a dis
patch from Guthrie, Okla., told of in
tense suffering prevailing during a
heavy snow storm among settlers or
intending settlers "in moving wagons"
a situation so easily avoidable by the
exercise of common prudence In choos
ing the migration season as to mingle
the pity of it with unbounded surprise.
While Immigrants coming through to
the Pacific Coast do not have to contend
with the rigors of a Middle West cli
mate, it is still necessary to be housed
in order to be comfortable here in Win
ter, and certainly the prudent man will
foresee this fact and provide for it.
Time was when the entire Spring and
Summer were consumed in the home
seekers' journey to the Pacific Coast,
and these were the only seasons in
which travel was possible. This, of
course, brought early pioneers to Ore
gon and Washington in the Fall and
left them to meet the Winter the best
they could. But old things have, passed
away in this as in other respects, and
the intelligent immigrant is able now
so to time his arrival as to reduce the
family discomfort of a change of loca
tion involving a journey of many hun
dred miles to the minimum. The im
migration season may therefore be said
to be just at hand. A large addition to
the population of our state may reason
ably be expected within the next two
or three months. This does not mean
that we are on the verge of a boom, but
rather that, the resources of the state
having become favorably known to a
large numbtr of men with families who
seek to better their opportunities, legit
imate growth of our population will re
sult. Oregon has made a name for her
self at Buffalo within the year, and is
now making a moderate display of re
sources and products at Charleston.
The returns received from the object
lessons thus given will be of the most
substantial kind, as these lessons have
attracted the attention of an Intelligent
class of observers. It goes without say
ing that for this class purposeful, en
ergetic, and with some means with
which to establish themselves there
are opportunities, welcome and assur-
ance of comfort, and In due time of
competence. In Oregon. The railroads
will do their part in bringing these peo
ple here by providing fair transporta
tion rates; immigration boards and
agents will no doubt do theirs in the
dissemination of such Information as
newcomers need In order to enable them
to choose locations wisely and without
unnecessary delay.
The railroad companies have learned
by experience in the past few years
that the Spring season is the best time
to get beneficial results from settlers'
rates. A few change in the Fall. But
at other times these low rates serve
only the interests of the general trav
eler. Homeseekers' rates apply quite
as well In the Fall as in the Spring, for
they enable the dissatisfied Eastern
farmer to make the found trip to the
Northwest and pick out a location for
his family for the Spring migration.
But farmers move after the planting
season or after the harvest, and these
are the people we need and must have
to build these new states. The railroad
companies serve the material Interests
of these commonwealths as well as their
own interest when they make special
Immigration rates at times when they
can best be taken advantage of.
NECESSARY PART OF EDUCATION.
Recent remarks in these columns
about the use of newspapers in school
have elicited a surprising amount of
favorable comment. In view of their
reception locally. It Is Interesting to see
that the Superintendent of Schools at
Reading Pa., has just issued a circular
letter of instructions, in which he says:
I wlFh emphatically to recommend to teach
ers of every grade to read the dally papers
ers 01 every grade 10 reau me oaiiy jrairr.. ,
and to keep informed in nxard to the mo:
important measures before Concrcss. General
Assembly and Councils, and the leading issues
lnvolved In city, state and National political
campaign. In my judgment, the teacher who
never reads the papers ls not Qualified to teach.
Head the papers intclllRently. discriminatingly,
and use Judiciously In your school work ths
information which you pain.
This letter does not say anything, It
will be observed, about the use of news
papers in schools. The Superintendent
merely emphasizes the Importance of
the teacher's reading the papers him
self, so that he can Impart to his pupils
knowledge of recent events. This fa
miliarity with things of the day is the
main thing, and where it has been cul
tivated the results have been gratify
ing. The New York Times says that
one of the greatest and most success
ful teachers ever employed in that city
was the late David B. Scott, long prin
cipal of a grammar school in East
Twentieth street. He ls remembered by
his pupils as one who succeeded in
making school work interesting and in
keeping those fortunate enough to be
under his instruction well informed on
every subject of current Interest suit
able for presentation to children.
The account the Times gives of Prin
cipal Scott's method is Interesting. It
was his custom at the close of chapel
exercises in the morning to speak
briefly, lucidly and often wittily of
something connected with the news of
the day. Every great invention, every
event of international Interest, every
local happening of moment was ex
plained in such a way that the attentive
scholar carried away with him when
school was dismissed just the facts
which would enable him to appreciate
what he heard at home, and in perhaps
a majority of cases to contribute some
thing of Interest to the conversation of
the family. Principal Scott wasted very
little time in expressing opinions, but
was a master of the art of making facts
intelligible and giving to the narrative
only so much coloring a3 was neces
sary to set the student thinking in the
right direction. The results were quick
ly reflected in the general Intelligence
of the pupils, and perhaps did- more
than anything else to establish the
school on an academic basis not at that
time attained by any other grammar
school in New York. It set the boys to
reading the newspapers, and thus kept
not only them but their families abreast
of the times.
It would be hard to overestimate the
indirect benefits of such teaching; for it
not only Increases the knowledge of the
young people, but infuses spirit and
cultivation' into the home life. Broad
ened views and sympathies may often
be the means of keeping narrow lives
from despair and worthlessness. It is
to the ameliorating influences of wider
knowledge of men and things that we
must look for elimination of that blind
passion and prejudice which darken so
many communities both urban and
rural. How much of our racial, relig
ious and sectional hatreds could survive
an era of universal knowledge?
The latest Quarterly of the Oregon
Historical Solcety explains why Mr. W.
D. Fenton was able to speak so force
fully and entertainingly on "Patrlot-
ism" at the dinner of the Patriotic Club
given at the Portland Hotel last week
he is the author of an article In the
Quarterly on "Political History of Ore
gon From 1S65 to 1S76." This occupies
some forty-two pages of the Quarterly,
and Is more than a bald narrative of
dry historical events. It gives the facts
of Oregon political history through a
period that Induced reflection upon pa
triotic virtues. This paper appropriate
ly continues the record begun by Hon.
George H. Williams in his address In
celebration of the fortieth anniversary
of Oregon's statehood, which appeared
in this Quarterly some time ago. Gov
ernor Geer's interesting address on "In
cidents in the Organization of the Pro
visional Government" also Appears In
the present number, and Frances Fuller
Victor has a paper on Hall J. Kellej-, one
of the fathers of Oregon. H. S. Lyman
writes on "An Oregon Literature," and
Professor F. G. Young has a thoughtful
paper on "The Lewis and Clark Expe
dition in American History." All this
matter is of special value to Oregonians
who would know the story of their state
and somewhat of its relation to its sis
ter commonwealths of the Nation.
Dr. S. G. Smith, president of the State
Board of Charities and Corrections of
Minnesota, in his address before the
State Conference of Charities and Cor
rections, voiced forcibly a self-evident
truth when he declared that the care
and treatment of the Insane and de
fective classes should be removed en
tirely from the control of party politics.
With this trite statement no reason
able person takes issue. This, however,
so far from simplifying the problem
of the care of the insane, renders its
solution the more difficult. The man
who, admitting the truth of all that can
be said in regard to the evil effects of
alcohol upon the body, mind and mor
als, continues to drink to excess. Is the
despair of the temperance reformer. So
also the public, while admitting that It
is an injustice to the Insane and an
added expense to taxpayers to change
the superintendent and employes of the
Insane Asylum with every change of
state administration, goes on and on
permitting and tacitly indorsing this
procedure, to the despair of the hu
manitarian. No, not the despair, else
would Dr. Smith and those associated
with him In the work of caring for the
insane cease to present well-known
facts to the public and substantiate
them by figures laboriously compiled.
Perhaps Iteration hammered on the ear
may eventually work a reform in this
matter. To doubt this would be to dis
credit the experience of the world as
represented in the growth of the hu
manities and the evolution of political
economy.
No justification appears for the pass
age by Congress of the bill which pro
poses to pay the estate of the late Gen-"
eral Fltz'John Porter nearly $150,000,
which during his life he would have
received had his name remained with
out Interruption on the Army Regis
ter. General Porter was reinstated to
the Army with the understanding that
neither he nor his heirs would make any
financial demands upon the Govern
ment. General Porter during his life
never sought to upset the stlpulatior.6
of the law under which he was restored
to his rank in the Army and placed
upon the retired list. General Porter
was out of service from January 21,
1863, and under the act of July i, 1SS6,
was appointed Colonel of Infantry Au
gust 5, 1SS6. to rank from May 14, 1S61.
and was retired August 7, 1SS6. The
Oregonlan has always expressed its be
lief that the expulsion of General Por
ter from the Army in January, 1SS3.
was an act of Injustice. This act of
.- 1 1 ..!.. v.,. i
injustice was rectified imperfectly by ,
HiiIiMiwriU "i I
thp rtnrntlnn nf General Po'tr to his " '" ...v.. ... -" - -- outbreak Ot our war wiin.siiuiu. u--!,!
!,! ! ?" f .. ,f? .?: I 1 1,!: I, yH, wa- including the highly important , tnat ucstlon for the tIme being, the
1 ..111 it. nuuuui !'-. - nic jic.iuu l "1
absence, from January 21, 1SC3, to Au
gust, 18SC, but General Porter and his
friends consented to accept the stipula
tions of that law. and they should not
be broken now. If he considered the
stipulations of the law binding upon
himself In life, they are certainly in
moral equity binding upon his heirs.
The St. Lcuis & San Francisco Rail
road Company has issued an order for
bidding the use of tobacco by passen
ger trainmen in uniform on duty, and
by employes in general around railroad
stations. Trainmen, ticket agents, bag
gagemen and ail employed on passen
ger trains must comply with the order,
which, while primarily aimed at cigar
ettes, pipes and cigars, embraces chew
ing tobacco as well. The object of the
order, as expressed by the officials, is
to keep the stations cleaner and add
to the comfort of passengers. It went
into effect February 5. and, as with
other rules of the company, dismissal ls
the penalty of repeated violations. If
the contention of reformers is true, that
the inordinate use of tobacco creates
or is likely to create a thirst that water
will not quench, this rule may be of
value as auxiliary to the rule which
forbids employes to drink intoxicating
liquors when on duty. Whether this is
true or not, the commercial necessity
that insists that men of steady hands,
clear heads and unblurrcd vision shall
serve the demands of modern transpor
tation, will prove valuable as a compel
ling factor In self-control, without
which human beings nre mere ma
chines subject to the temptations of the
hour and occasion.
Government statistics printed In the
marine columns of The Oregonian this
morning show Portland in the lead of
all other American ports as a wheat
exporting point last month. The figures
also show that but four other ports in
the United States have exported more
wheat than was shipped from Portland
for the entire seascn to date. These re
sults have been secured with a crop
below the average in the Columbia
River counties, and with but four car
goes of Willamette Valley wheat
shipped foreign since the season opened.
There Is less wheat tributary to Port
land than there was In 1807, and more
tributary to Puget Sound than ever be
fore, and yet, in the face of these un
favorable factors. It Is apparent that
Portland is not only holding her own,
but making some gain as the headquar
ters of the wheat business of the Pacific
Northwest.
President Roosevelt's review of the
Schley case gives evidence of a care
ful, uublased scanning of the testimony
elicited before the court of inquiry, and
his findings thereon must be accepted
as an expression of the calm and dis
passionate judgment of a man who is
glad to give honor where honor is due
and careful not to detract from the
credit which belongs to any one who
was engaged in a battle which brought,
victory to our arms. It may be hoped
that with this exhaustive review and
the generous commendation to all con
cerned, from the contending Admirals
down to the Captains of the ships en
gaged, and, by Inference, to the men
behind the guns, this unhappy contro
versy will now rest, and that hereafter
the Admirals of the American Navy
will fight only foreign adversaries.
The question of the personal safety of
Prince Henry while upon American soil
is a serious one. Anarchists from across
the sas abound in this land of the free,
and their deadly Intent has more than
once been realized by our people.
While, of course, no one In the United
States of America can have any feel
ing of personal animosity toward the
Prince-Admiral who 'is coming hither
on a visit of courtesy, the anarchist's
code, like that of the Indian savage.
Is summed up In the words, "If you
can't hit the right one, hit any." Al
though no alarm Is felt in regard to the
matter, suitable precaution will be
taken for the protection of the Prince
from a danger that finds Its opportunity
in crowds.
A great deal of fun has been made of
General Miles In connection with his
gorgeously devised uniform. But it is
said that when Adjutant-General Cor
bln gets on his regimentals preparatory
to taking his place on the programme
prepared for the reception of Prince
Henry, he will make the Lieutenant
Geenral of the Army look like a Cap
tain of Volunteers.
The liberation of Miss Ellen M. Stone
Is still "momentarily expected." It is
impossible, while this state of affairs
exists, to fix the .date of Miss Stone's
first lecture in Boston on "Compulsory
Residence In the Balkan Mountains."
Looking: for n Siprn.
Atlanta Constitution. Dem.
The perfervld sunsets are a sure sign
that Colonel J. Ham Lewis has returned
to the rare and radiant West.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SECRETARY HAY'S
of an open door for
For the purposes
Ucommercc in the Orient the United States
will undoubtedly sympathize with the alll-
ance. entered into between Great Britain
and Japan. It Is an alliance for tnaln-
tenance of the political as well as the com-
merclal integrity of China and Korea; and
though there Ls no probability that the
United States will formally join the Anglo-
Japanese alliance, it may be accepted as
certain that the diplomatic influence of
our country will be against Russian ag
gression In the Orient. For Russia, if her
influence shall prevail, will gradually ab-
sorb the Chinese empire and shut it up
agalnst the open trade that other coun-
trles wish to maintain.
An article in the Boston Herald sets out
the main feature of this contention, with
, , , a,.
clearness and force. The point at Issue
is shown to be the position of Russia In
Manchuria. When, at the close of the
war between China and Jaoan. the Rus-
sian government announced that It would
. . .
not permit the Japanese to take possession
of certain strategical points on the maln-
land of the Asiatic continent that had
been accorded to them by the treaty of
Shlmonosekl. it was the belief oi the best
Informed among those who had followed
events in Eastern Asia, that this simply
portended a future seizure of Port Arthur
and other places of equal commercial and
military Importance by the Russians
themselves. They were unwilling that the
Japanese should cam In this respect the
. ... .
fruits of their victory, for the reason that
they proposed later on to acquire these
desired locations for themselves.
This anticipation was soon verified by
the agreement which the government at
St. Petersburg made with that at Pekin.
, . , :.,,,, ty,a ,, of Tall-
military station of Port Artnur, was
transferred to the Russians under a nom-
inal lease of S3 years. As Port Arthur lies
on the water front of the great province
of Manchuria; as It is designed to be the
.naln terminal of Russia's transatlantic
rallway system, and as thl3 extension was
made for the main purpose of serving
Russia's commercial Interests, those na-
tions having trade relations with Cnlna
were naturally alarmed at what was like-
ly to happen in the future If Russia should
consider that her Interests In Manchuria
were best served by enforcing there the
same exclusive trade policy that she has
in force in her own imperial domain.
It will be remembered that Secretary
Hay. two years ago. endeavored to obtain
an International Indorsement of what Is
called the open-door policy In China.
whereby all nation.? were to be accorded
enual trade and financial opportunities In
every part of the Chinese empire. While
at that time all of the great nations of the
world, with the exception of Russia, cave
their absent to this proposition, the ap
proval which Russia sent in was in certain
ways qualified so as to arouse a sus
picion that her government proposed later
en to claim and assert more or less exclu
sive rights over certain provinces of the
Chinese empire. The uprising of the Box
ers, apparently, gave to Russia the oppor
tunity her diplomatists were seeking. Her
troop? in the Summer of 1203 were marched
into Manchuria from their posts In Enst-
ern Siberia, and from that time to this
the Russian military forces have been in
practical control of that great Chinese
province. The foreign troops have been
withdrawn from Pekin and other parts of
the Chinese empire, and the conditions
antedating the Boxer outbreak have bean
practically restored; but In Manchuria the
Rusblans are still in occupation, and, what
is more, lor tne ia.t year ami a nan ne-
goiiatlons of a secret character have been
constantly going on for the purpose of
bringing about by Imperial treaty a vir
tual cession of Manchuria to Russia.
Our Interests in thla subject are much
lees remote than might appear from a
superficial consideration of It. During
the last few years we have built up a
large and growing trade in China through
the v sale of the products of our cotton
mills. In the year 1C01 we sold 376,000.00)
yards of cotton cloth In foreign coun
tries, and of these foreign sales China
took 201.COO.000 yards, nearly all of it find-
lng its market and consumption in this be easily landed both in Korea and Man
disputed province of Manchuria. Not only churla, and, when there, could be read
hae this Chinese market proved of great jiy maintained by supplies carried by
advantage to a number of our New Eng- water. Japan's military weakness has
land mill?, but a score or more of the been want of money, but this ls something
mills in different parts of the Southern which can be made good through linan
States are absolutely dependent upon it cial resources of the British Empire. Wc
for their industrial wellbelng. This Chi- trust and believe that the Russians will
nese market Is one which we have ob- realize the folly of endeavoring to de
tained and entered into in the face of the velop a .selfish Chinese policy In the face
strongest foreign competition, and It la of this stern opposition. They were, np
also one which, if properly cultivated, can parently. Indisposed to heed our protests,
be expanded to far larger proportions than but" the situation which now- confronts
It now possesses. If the treaties which them ls one which cannot bo put asldo by
Russia is endeavoring to have definitely the smiles of diplomacy.
"You Must Call Off Bnbcoclc."
Chicago Chronicle.
Joseph W. Babcock is a reputable, able
and altogether worthy Republican mem
ber of Congress from the Third Wisconsin
District. His district comprises the lead
mine belt In the southwestern part of tho
state, some of the best agricultural coun
ties in the state, and counties in which
wealthy residents are interested In largo
lumber enterprises. Perhaps there are 50
small breweries in this district.
Mr. Babcock has introduced a bill to
abolish the tariff on trust steel products.
Under the protection which the steel trust
deserves from our tariff laws It sells steel
rails for ?17 a ton delivered in England,
while charging 5'iS a ton to American pur
chasers. If the tariff should bo removed
from steel products, the trust would be J
compelled to sell steel rails to American
railroads at the same price, loss ocean
freight, that is charge to English rail
roads. For the crime of Introducing a bill
which will give Americans as good a
chance as Englishmen have in the pur
chase of American steel trust products
Congressman Babcock has been made tho
object of persecution such as few mem
bers of Congress ever experienced. Ho has
been threatened with various punishments.
we nas oeen toiu mat ine protection ol
the tariff on lead, on tobacco (which Is
produced In his district), on lumber and
on other Wisconsin products will be re
moved. Another threat is that the war
tax on beer shall not bs removed.
Tho trust lobbies also have attempted
to belittle Congressman Babcock by ap
plying to him a diminutive nickname
"You must call Bab off" is the ulti
matum which they announce. It remains
to be seen whether these methods of bull
dozing and proscription will prevail to
terrorize a Wisconsin member of Congress
who is conscientiously trying to serve the
best interests of all the people, including
his own especial constituents.
The DnnRer of Knowing Too Much.
London Chronicle.
A young man employed In an oyster
shop has lost his situation and this be
cause he gave prompt answer to his em
ployer's eager question. The employer
had six lively little turtles, which at
tracted much attention as they wandered
aimlessly about the window. He painted
a large white letter on the back of each
of the shells, and put up a notice to the
effect that whenever the turtles got into
such relative position that the letters
spelled "oyster" he would present half a
dozen natives to every one who was look
ing on. Then he became frightened lest
the mystic word should occur too often,
and covered reams or paper figuring out
the odds. He gave It up at last, ana was
about to remove the turtles when his
most accomplished oyster-opener Informed
him that the odds were 720 to 1 against
the combination. The turtles are still In
the window but the oyster-opener has
gone. Such knowledge of odds, thej em
ployer thought, could have been acquired
only by years of betting experience. It Is
not wise to be too wise.
NOTE TO CHINA. AND RUSSIA.
agreed upon are put through .there Is
" ?aut" 'V"t" .,11 be emJrely
tQ beCaUSC the Russians will in-
sls"t Up0n' supplying the native people
wtn cotton cloths of Russian manufac-
ture. and will see that trade rcstrict.ons
of a sufficiently T0"? J?1",
gg- fZZ'eX tSS
. Jnto jj;anchurla in any considerable
n?iriTiMtff:
We have contented ourselves, at least
the Government at Washington has con
tented Itself, with lodging at St. Peters
burg and at Pekin. through Its diplomatic
ronrpupnuitlves. formal protests against
tnese secret negotiations and the pro-
p0sed Manchurian treaty, which It is evi-
dent that Russia has been intending to
make, and by means of which the JKu
flans would be i a PJ"1" J
In Manchuria, and posflblj in other par
Qf Chlna speclai trade advantages at the
0Xpense 0f ourselves and other competing
nations. England and Japan have gone
a etep farther. They have precisely the
same Interests in this matter that we
have but their governments are clearij
S, tgat tne tirne for formal
prqtest Is past, and that the only means
0f bringing the question to an Issue is
by a formal agreement of military and
naval defense, which does not need to be
read between the linen to see that it af-
STSTi
slgncd war wm be declared against Rus-
sja DV tne two ai'.ied powers,
Thlc Is the most serious international
incident that has occurred within the last
12 months, and. In view- of Its pohIWc
otitrome one cannot help wondering
IZvlts not In anticipation of the
fmnouncement made in Parliament by the
English Secretary of Foreign Affairs that
wg have had th!s recent agitation as to
. t eovernment In Europe was the spe-
. . frIt.d of the United States at the
"al. '"V"" "l ""1 VT " " .
, t . nwo, Is simolv this
In
rc,pect to the contention now raised, our
lnlerC5ts an,i those of England and Japan
are absolutely identical. If It were not
for tnc scemjn5 interference with our es-
tabushed National policy, It would be en-
, jrcly ioicn.1 for us to join with Japan
aml Eng7and In upholding the demand we
have mae over and over again during
the Iast few years that the political in-
tCKrity of China should be maintained.
antl lnat all oreign natIons should bo
accorded equal commercial rights within
the .borders of the empire. This is what
we have repeatedly requested, having
gone so far zs to take the initiative in
trying to bring the great governments of
the world into accord on this subject;
this was the basis of the protest which
Secretary Hay has addressed to the gov
ernmeilts of St. Petersburg and Pekin,
and this Is also the foundation of the de
fensive treaty now made between Japan
and England.
While thte interdiction of an intended
action will, no doubt, provoke great in
dignation In Russia, it does not seem to
us probable that the Russians will con
sider It desirable to carry the matter be
yond the line of protest. This, however,
ls something concerning which one can
not sneak with absolute assurance. The
financial situation of Russia is such that
we should suppose she would not care to
face the strain of a great war, even
though she might be assured of the ns-
istancp of France. There is really no
reaSon why even France, let alone Ger-
many, Austria and Italy, should give as-
sistance to Russia in the entjeavor of the
government of that country to secure for
itself and its people special commercial
advantages and privileges, not only at the
expense of the Chinese, but at the ex-
pense 0f an other civilized people.
Left isolated, with a trant-Slberlan rali-
road not completed, it would probably be
difficult for Russia to carry on an effect
ive campaign against the allied forces.
Japan iias a superbly equipped army,
which can be readily placed on a war
footing of more than 500,000 men, thus con
stituting a force much larger than it
would be easy for Russia to quickly send
and maintain on the eastern edge of
Asia. It hardly needs to be said that
Japan and England would control,
through their naval forces, the high seae,
and that the Japanese Army, with such
additions as England might make, could
Cedar Rapids' Dally Mlrne.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
Every day in the year when the sun
is shining a mirage may be seen In Cedar
Rapids, la. So far as Is known this Is
the only place In the world where this
phenomenon of Nature can be so regu
larly observed, although there are many
places where it takes place under cer
tain atmospheric conditions. The mirage
Is on ono of the principal streets of tho
city, and makes the street appear as If
there was a pond of water covering it.
So natural is this appearance that many
times the residents of the city who are
not posted as to the mirage havo turned
from tho street to escape going through
the water that they thought they saw in
tho distance
Pas.slng street-cars are so plainly re
flected In It that it is difficult to realize
that there Is no water there.
Professor Bates, of Coe College, ac
counts for the mirago by the fact that
tho avenuo Is slightly inclined from the
indicated point of view. A person, there
fore, looks down at the mirage at an
angle of about 20 degrees, and his line of
vision crossing the down-coming rays of
light obliquely at that point produces
thla singular illusion.
The slAc De jrorny Cared For.
r:r,ti0- rOM,in
J The Due de Moray, half-brother to Louis
.Napoleon, was Ambassador Extraordi-
nary to the Emperor of Russia during
the coronation festivities, and wrote home
that the French might learn something
from the Russians, If It were only how
to light 10,000 candles In five minutes. De
Morny was In Paris the night before the
Coup d'Etat, and spent the evening at the
opera. Between the acts he went Into one
of the boxes to peak to a lady of his
acquaintance.
"What shall you do, M. de Morny."
asked a lady, "If the National Assem
bly Is swept out of doors, as threatened?"
"Madame." he replied, "I shall try to
be on the side of the broom handle."
The Snow Bird.
(Quoted by Springfield Republican.)
Thy note !e heard.
I-lttle white bird
A snowflake dropped on Winter's heart.
How sweet thy voice; how light thy form!
Whirled here and there
And everywhere
On wines as wayward as the storm!
Taking no thoupht for days to come;
The fjranaxlcd weeds
Supply thy needs.
In every field thou hast a home.
Amidst the drifting snows afar
Thy sails unfurled
Above the world.
"White as the salU beyond the bar.
Sift down thy songs in Joyful chimes
Over the land.
Oh, roving band!
Thick as the snowflakca oftentimes!
"White wraiths beside the tempest's track!
Spirits with wings!
Ghoat3 of dead springs
That, still remembering, come backl
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Why didn't the President decide the
thing in the first place? ,-
This is the middle of May. the calendar
to the contrary notwithstanding.
Whenever our standing army gets put
of practice, it can tune up on Canada.
When the Spanish can't find any one
else to whip them they get one another
to.
The Fenians invaded Canada about the
same way the Canadians will invade
Washington.
Bryan has opened his third campaign.
It is not likely, however, that it will be
opened very wide.
It may surprise the Kaiser's brother to
find that beer is already the National
drink in this country.
Sampson and Schley will have to wait
till they get to hea-en if they want to
carry the case up any higher.
Even J. P. Morgan will view with
alarm the appearance of the Colonel of
the Rough Riders on his trail.
Alaska seems to think that the Philip
pines oughtn't to be the only one of
Uncle Sam's poss'essions to keep him wor
ried. A Kansas City actor has been sentenced W
to five years In the penitentiary. He got
off easily If he is as bad as some of
them.
Perhaps Captain Coghlan will be. put
in irons for the edification of the German
naval officers who come over with Princo
Henry.
Roosevelt says the Spanish fleet was
"hammered to a standstill." "With so
many knockers In our Navy, .this feat
was not difficult.
The Canadian talk about annexing tho
United States sounds like the Spanish
boast of wiplnir up the earth with tho
"American pigs."
The Indian thought ho had reached tho
limit when he was ordered to cut his
hair, but he is now made the subject of
a Congressional debate.
Speaking of fast trains on the railroads
nowadays, here's a choice sample of it.
Hamilton W. Mable tells It. A gentleman
traveling on the New Jersey Central flyer
put his head out of the window of his
car to kiss his wife good-bye as the train".
was moving out of the Jersey City sta- f
tlon. Instead of succeeding in his pur
pose, however, he found that he had
kissed a strange lady standing on the
platform at the next station. This is
one of the New York Times' prize stories,
and. as the Boston Herald suggests, the
only improper thing about it is that it
only got a second prize.
Bishop Nichols, the head of the Califor
nl Episcopal diocese, tells a good story on
Bishop Potter, of New York. When Bish
op Potter was In San Francisco at the re
cent Episcopal convention, he made his
headquarters at the home of W. H.
Crocker, on Nob Hill, the mansion hav
ing been rented by J. Plcrpont Morgan
for himself and guests. Two men, pass
ing the house one morning, looked up at
It, and one said: "Here Is Crocker's
pottery." Bishop Potter was Just com
ing down the steps. He heard the re
mark, and, advancing, said, smilingly:
"Excuse me. gentlemen, but this Is Pot-v
tor's crockery!" A
Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria Is
very plain In his tastes and habits. At
6 o'clock in tho morning he takes his
breakfast, consisting of some cold meat,
coffee and fresh made bread and cake.
Between 12 and 1 o'clock he takes his de
jeuner, two dishes of meat and some or
dinary pastry. Dinner Is served at' 6
o'clock sharp. All his meals are served
in his library at his writing desk. Not
even a tablecloth ls spread. His personal
valet on duty receives the dishes in an
antechamber on a large tray, and puts
tho tray before the Emperor on his desk.
Often the Emperor takes a spoonful of
soup between two signatures. Ho 13 a
very busy man. With the meal the menu
for next day's dinner is sent up and laid
before tho Emperor. It contains two
soups, patties, fish, two entrees, two
roasts, two desserts, pastry, cheese, fruit.
etc., and tlfe Emperor with a blue pencil
crosses oft whatever he does not want.
Tho Emperor does not care much, foe
wine. He prefers a glass of beer.
-
Love Notes of Spring.
T. W. Burgess, in Good Housekeeping,
Good" morrow. Mistress Chickadee.
Sly Quakeress in sober gray;
I hear Tom Titmouse calling theo.
Softly calling far away: 1
"Phoebe! Seo me! Phoebe Gray! j
See me. Phoebe! Seo me pray!'
Ah, Tom. you black-capped rogue. dMst tfuess
My heart would also fain confess
To softly calling all the day.
"Phoebe! Phoebe! Phoebe Gray!'
And thou. Sir Bluebird, debonair!
Thou hidden herald of tho Spring.
We Joy once more to faintly hear
Thy sweet, soft love noto plaintive ring:
"I love, my love! I lovo thee I
My love. I love! My love see!"
Ah. loyal knight, in heaven's blue.
How couldst thou know that beating true
My heart doth plead and call with thee,
"My love. I love! My love seel"
.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPIIERS
"Is Mrs. Donnisthorpe a ping-pong cham
pion?" "No. darling. I don't think so." "Then
why does she have P. P. C. on her card?"
Punch.
Evidence of Shock. Ethel "Were you very
much surprised to meet her? Blanche Sur
prised? Why. I didn't notice what she had
onl Judge.
May Who ls your favorite artist? Jack
Fate! May Tou don't call Fate an artist?
Jack Certainly! Didn't she draw us together?
Chicago Dally News.
Blobbs Ripper has broken the automobile
record. Slobbs What time did ho make?
Blobbs Sixty-six minutes to run over IS peo-ple.-rPhlladelphla
Record.
Nurse (who has been many hours on duty 'jm
to patient's mother) When do you think I -
shall be able to go to bed? Patient's Mother
Go to bed? I thought you were a trained
nurse! Punch.
Expresses It. Little Johnnie, a Columbus
tot. -olced a very popular feeling the other
day when he descended in an elevator, by say
ing: "Oh. mamma, my stummlck's fallln" out!"
Ohio State Journal.
A Blasted Life. Hamphat I remember my
parents used to say I'd never amount to any
thing unles3 I gave up my theatrical ambition-?.
Crlttlck And why didn't you give them up?
Philadelphia Press.
In a Quiet Corner at the Crowded "At
Home." She You say you would be willing
to risk your life for me. He Only try me.
She Then go down to the supper-room and get
mf something to eat. Tit-Bits.
Inexperienced and Anxious Young Mistress
The new housemaid, Maria, ls a Roman
Catholic: but I hope you will not allow any
religious controversy in the servants hall.
Cook (with much dignity) You needn't havo
any fear, my lady. In really 'igh-clsss fami
lies religion Is never mentioned! Punch.
When His Honor Took a Hand. Court (to
prosecutor) Then you recognize this handker
chief as the one which was stolen? Prosecu
tor YesYour Honor. Court And yet it isn't
the only handkerchief of the sort In the world.
See, this one I havo in my pocket Is exactly
like It. Prosecutor Very likely, your Honor;
thero wero two stolen. The Green Bag. "f
jbfeasei
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