THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY IS, 1902.
lie x;zgovticax
Entered at the Po-tofflce at Fortland. Oregon,
as seeoad-class matter.
revised subscription rates.
By Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance
Daily, with Sunday, per month $ S3
XiaMy. Sunday excepted, per year 7 60
lii.l . with Sunday, per year 9 00
Sunday. pr year - 00
Tie "Weekly, per year 1 50
The Weekly. S months B0
To City Subscribers
Dally. pr -week, delivered. Sundays excepted.l5s
Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays lncluded.20c
POSTAGE HATES.
United States. Canada and Mexico:
10 to 14-page paper.. c
Z to 2S-page reaper 2c
Foreign rates double.
News or discussion Intended for publication
In The Orogonlan should be addressed lnvarla
b.y "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name
of any individual. Letters relating to adver
tising subscriptions or to any business matter
should tx? addressed simply "The Oregonlan."
The Ore-rordan does not buy poems or etorles
Trom individuals, and cannot undertake to re
turn any manuscripts sent to It -without solici
tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this
purpose.
Eastern Business Office, 1Z. li. 45. 4. B. 49
Tribune building. New Tork City: 409 "The
Rookery." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth special
agency. Eastern representative.
For itale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee. Fal
tce Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 230
Sutter street; F. IV. Pitts. 100S Market street:
3 K. Cooper Co.. 740 Market street, near the
Pa ace Hotel: Footer .& Orear. Ferry newa
fciand.
For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner.
258 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 003
Sjirlng street..
For aale In Sacramnto by Sacramento News
Co , 420 K street. Sacramento. Cat.
For rale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co..
237 Dearborn street, and Chas. MacDonald, 53
"V a h tact on Mret.
For sale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros.. IC12
Famara ktreet.
For tal in Salt Lake by he Salt Lake News
Cr , 77 V.. Second South street.
Fur sale In New Orleans by A. C. Thelps.
G9 Commercial Alley.
For sale In Ogden by TV, a Kind. 204 Twcn
tl -fifth otrt-et. and C. II. Myers.
On nie at Charleston. S. C. In the Oregon ex
hibit at the expedition.
For sale in "Washington. D. C. by the Ebbett
31-ue news Ftand.
For sale In Denver. Colo., by Hamilton &
Kcndrtck. 900-012 Seventeenth street: Louthan
& Jack-on Book & Stationery Co.. 15th and
3-a-ro;ctt Mreets; A. Series, 1C57 Champa
ttrxvt.
TODAY'S WEATHER Trobably showers;
.ightly cooler; southwesterly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature. M. minimum temperature, 4S; pre-
,-ltatioR. 0.3S Inch.
PORTLAND, TUESDAY, FEHRUARY IS
RIGHT TO THK Pl'KPOSR.
The Outlook, widely known as a
weekly review, conspicuous alike for
nthe ability and conservatism, has
this to say about the ship subsidy bill:
Th prevent bill is rather a. measure to In
crease th profits of the present owners and
lu Iders of American ships than to increase
the Fixe of th merchant marine flying the
American itag and carrying our foreign trado.
. It Is simply a measure to Iiolp the
si '.p-butldere. who last year enjoyed the most
TT ifltable season they have ever known, and
t help the ship-owners, who nt this very
t rae ar trying to effect n combination to
ireent lower rates.
This Is precisely to the point and pur
j.nso Hut in spite of the attempt to
fern combinations to prevent lower
rates, we have lower rates, and no sub
sidy either.
.. The rates are now reasonable. The
tendency of the freight market proves
ncluslvely that no subsidy is needed
t'i secure to the producers of the coun
try cheaper freights. Subsidy would
simply put more money, taken from the
p "pie through taxation, into the coffers
f .shipowners already rich. It would be
In effect a guarantee of their business
against the natural movements of the
market, to which they, as all others,
should justly be subject.
Nuv. however, we may suppose, the
argument for subsidy will take a new
turn Last year it was contended that
subsidy must be paid out of the Treas
ury as a mwins of lowering the freight
rate. Doubtless It now will be urged
that the freight rate is so low that the
jirtnr shipowner is entitled to payments
from the Treasury as a means of mak
ing up his losses. Any argument for
subsidy will do, provided the Treasury
can be opened by It. The esteemed Post
Intelligencer, of Seattle, doesn't care
which of these forms or directions the
argument lakes. The subsidy's the
thing, and the reason for it unimport
ant. WELL AVORTH WHILE.
The United States Senate yesterday,
without division or amendment, ratified
the treaty providing for the acquisition
of the Danish West Indies. Since the
decline of their sugar industry these
islands have been of small value to
Denmark. In 1SC7 Secretary Seward
agreed to pay $7,500,000 for St. Thomas
and St. John, but the treaty ultimately
failed of ratification by the Senate. To
day our Government pays but $5,000,000
fT the three Islands of St. Thomas,
St. John and St. Croix. We buy the
islands largely as a naval station. Porto
jRi has not a single port that can be
compared with St. Thomas harbor in
natural advantages for a naval station.
The harbor of San Juan is deep enough,
but the entrance is narrow, shallow
and tortuius. No harbor outside of
Cuba In the West Indies Is equal to that
of St. Thomas. It Is a mile and a half
wide, two miles long, would accommo
date 200 merchant ships, and has
rlenty of deep water. It is within con
venient distance of the canal which we
shall build at Nicaragua or Panama.
The harbor of St. Thomas will be worth
more to us than all the rest of the
three Islands. The Island of St. John is
of little importance In any sense. The
large Island St. Croix Is the most pic
turesque and fertile of the three. Its
sugar planters have introduced modern
machinery and modern methods for the
production of raw sugar. In the belief
that a great revival of the industry
wnuld follow the purchase of the Islands
by the United States, and they have
also been planting cocoa, coffee and
other tropical products to take the
place of sugar.
The inhabitants, white and black, for
the most part speak English, and there
is no doubt that we can make the
Islands worth much more to this coun
try lhan they cost. We sell the Islands
today the food they do not raise, and
nearly all the coal they sell to steam
ships comes from this country, but
Great Britain has hitherto sold them
most of their cotton good" In the year
1900 the Islands exported to the United
States sugar, molasses and distilled
spirits amounting to ?5GS.93o. In the
same time American imports aggregated
5625,000. St. Thomas is likely to become
a favorite health resort for Americans
who enjoy a tropical Winter. The cli
mate is said to be quite as fine as that
of Nassau, in the Bahamas. The people
are intelligent, and number many cul
tivated persons. When once a great
naval station is built, there is little
doubt that St. Thomas will become a
favorite Winter health resort for Amer
icans. The climate Is far better than
that of Florida, which is little more
than a sand bank and a swamp. Uncle
Sam has made a good bargain from
the naval defense point of view, and in
St. Thomas we have an admirable
health resort. There are no more earth
quakes In St. Thomas than elsewhere in
the West Indies. Near St. Thomas are
the small British islands that are being
strongly fortified, and. with a great
American and a great British naval sta
tion within close call of each other,
there will be plenty of good society for
Winter visitors.
CONSTITUTIONAL INFIRMITIES.
The vigorous arraignment of our mo
nopolistic corporations, and incidental
ly of the Industrial Commission's treat
ment of them, brought by Mr. T. W.
Phillips and printed in The Oregonlan
yesterday, is fully justified by theCom
mission's action, and by the further fact
that, although the Commission had
voluminous testimony before it as to
the practice of the protected ,trusts In
selling cheaper abroad than at home, it
professes itself unworthy to reach any
conclusion on that most important
phase of the trust problem, and mus
ters the temerity to recommend the
creation of another body to pursue In
quiries on that head. One can but con
clude that this Commission, like our
Congressional committees, stands in
awe of the protected interests, and
would fain leave them undisturbed by
anything more pointed than glittering
generalities and suggestions for contin
ued research.
It is to be feared the basic difficulty
In our corporation problem, or rather
the resource most readily availed of by
influential campaign committees and
corporation lawyers, arises through our
awkward and antiquated fixed relation
ship between the states and the Fed
eral Government. Attack a trust in a
state and it becomes a creature of In
terstate commerce. Attack it in the
Federal courts and you trench upon the
powers reserved to the states. It is
transparently wrong that a corporation
should be liccrsed In New Jersey to do
things in Minnesota contrary to the law
of Minnesota. Business corporations are
subject to the states. This was once
well enough, because their operations
were local. Now that their operations
are National, the law controlling them
should be Federal. This infirmity of
the Federal Government is a sort of
converse to the infirmity under which
the states suffer in the arbitrary ar
rangement which has given to Congress
customs and Internal revenue devices
which enable the Treasury to be over
flowing at times when state and munici
pal governments are sorely put to it for
means to pay expenses.
Instead of being a sacred thing re
vealed by divine Inspiration, it is in
many respects a stone wall across the
path of progress. We have had to ab
rogate it in practice in reducing the
electoral college to an automaton, and
If we could we would also override its
clumsy and demoralizing rule for elec
tion of Senators. The Inequity of Sen
atorial and electoral college representa
tion, bestowed to Insure the ratifica
tion of the Constitution by the smaller
states, has become a heavy burden.
Representatives found unworthy now
continue to sit in Congress for a year
and more after their successors have
been elected, and the man who takes
his seat in December has to begin his
campaign for re-election before the
Winter is over. Yet there are many
men who, when their crotchets are
menaced, profess to consider the Con
stitution as sacred as the ark of the
Covenant. It is a wonder Senator Hoar
has the courage to propose a change in
the date of Inauguration day. How can
he expect to share the fate of poor
Uzzah at Nachon's threshing-floor?
COLl'MIJIA AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS
Newspapers at Puget Sound but per
haps there is but one, only one at least
that makes itself aggressive in the mat
ter naturally desire to arrest develop
ment of commerce through the Colum
bia River. This is from the Seattle
Post-Intelligencer:
The silly and only excuse offered by The
Ortgonlan, in Its Juggling with the question
of river imsrovement, for Its slaughter of up
per river Interests, Is that the only place to
begin the Improvement of a waterway Is at
Its mouth. Until that h5 been completed,
work on the upper reaches Is thrown away.
The argument Is Imbecile, the facts directly
contrary to the assumption. Suppose that no
money had been appropriated for the Missis
sippi until the Eads Jetties were finished.
Scppose that New Orleans had dared to fight
upper river appropriations until there was a
deep channel from that city to the Gulf.
And yet it is the Improvement at the
mouth of the Mississippi, so that vessels
may enter the river and reach New Or
leansthis result it is that alone makes
the Improvement of the Upper Missis
sippi and its tributaries desirable, ad
vantageous or possible. If large ves
sels could not come and go at New
Orleans, to and from the sea, navigation
of the upper river would be practically
useless. All the money expended on the
Upper Mississippi was practically
wasted, till the Eads jetties had been
built and an outlet was had for com
merce from New Orleans to the sea. In
the case of the Mississippi It took two
generations, or three, to prove the faK
lacy of the notion of beginning to build
the house at the top. The only im
portance the Mississippi has as a chan
nel of commerce it has acquired by con
struction of the jetties at the mouth.
The case of the Columbia is precisely
the same. The upper river must also
be Improved; but the first necessity Is a
channel at the mouth, like that created
by the Eads jetties at the mouth of the
Mississippi. The matter is so obvious,
so necessary to common sense, that the
committee of rivers and harbors will
entertain no other idea. Possibly the
Seattle paper is honest In Its contention.
If so, its stupidity is marvelous.
Now and again American parents pro
test vehemently against the official reg
ulation that requires children to be vac
cinated as a matter of public precaution
before they are permitted to attend the
public schools. While prudent people
generally place the safeguard furnished
by vaccination between their children
and a disease at once loathsome and
dangerous, and so highly contagious as
to cause general alarm wherever a pa
tient afflicted with it Is found walking
abroad, there are many who, from scru
ples of various kinds, and more who
from carelessness, refuse or neglect to
take this precaution. In Germany no
such laxness as this Is permitted. Every
child is and must be vaccinated before
the age of two years, and revacclnated
upon entering school. As a result of
this requirement there were only
twenty-eight deaths from smallpox In
all Germany In 1900. An example of the
value of vaccination often cited is found
in the German and French armies. Ger
many requires all of her soldiers to be
vaccinated, while France does not make
the matter compulsory upon her sol
diers. When Paris was entered by the
Germans, in 1871, there were about 100.
000 men in the army of occupation.
While the French In that city lost over
23,000 by smallpox, the German loss
was less than 100. Extending the com
parison to our own country, It is said
that in the City of Philadelphia the
center of sanitary science more people
die from smallpox In a month than Ger
many loses In an entire year from the
same cause. But, then, we must pay
in some way for Individual freedom as
against paternalism in government.
That smallpox takes toll of this princi
ple merely proves that not all Ameri
cans have come up to the Ideal of per
sonal liberty in government, which, to
be fully realized, must be met by indi
vidual responsibility.
OCR L'NIIAPPV DEMOCRATS.
There was not a man in the House of
Representatives who wished to vote
against the war revenue bill or who
entertained the slightest hope of its
amendment, even after weeks of de
bate; and yet the minority declared in
Impassioned tones that it was being de
prived of its liberties. Wiat end could
be served by a long debae? The only
end that could be served was the desire
of the antis to howl on the Senatorial
plan about anti-imperialism. But for
the cloture, we should have had In the
House just such tirades as Tillman and
Dubois have used to disgrace the Senate
in exemplification of its dearly prized
dignity and courtesy. Everybody knew
what the repeal bill meant, and that no
debate would change it. Everybody
was In favor of it, for it was carried
unanimously. As for discussion, the
subject has been discussed for three
years, and stands In no need whatever
of oratorical buncombe on either side.
The bill is commendable in principle,
though iniquitous by Incident. Its
wrong lies in the fact that the taxes
that ought to be repealed are not in
ternal revenue taxes, which are not bur
densome, though the tax on tea Is un
just, but customs taxes, maintained for
the benefit of protected corporations.
The bill is discreditable In the respect
that It is designed to bolster up the
tariff Iniquity and prevent concessions
to Cuba and the Philippines. Yet it is
entirely probable that the war taxes
could be repealed substantially as this
bill proposes and relief similarly be
granted to most of the sufferers from
unreasonable tariffs. Reduction of du
ties on products of protected trusts
would lower their prices, but with the
possible exception of sugar, would not
materially affect the volume of Imports
and the proceeds of duties. In so far
as reduction stimulated imports, cus
toms revenues would be increased, for
at present the trusts defy foreign com
petition and keep out Imports through
the tariff. War taxes can be repealed
and customs schedules lowered simul
taneously. Instant repeal of the war taxes, there
fore, affords basis neither for Demo
cratic umbrage nor for Republican Inac
tion on tariff reform. As for cloture,
the Democrats used it themselves on
the Wilson bill. As for Democratic ab
horrence of unrighteous tariffs, it need
not be taken seriously. The Democrats
have never shown that they would re
peal them. They didn't when they had
the chance.
THEY HAVE ONLY TO BEHAVE.
it was Alphon9e Karr, a witty French
writer, who, when asked if he favored
the abolition of capital punishment, re
plied, "Yea, If messieurs, the assassins,
will make it safe for us to do so." This
Is the natural reply to the petition pre
sented by United States Senator Hoar
recently asking for an investigation by
a Senate committee to the end of tak
ing steps for the suspension of hostili
ties and the "stopping of barbarous
methods of waging war." The list of
signatures Includes George S. Boutwell,
84; Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, SO; Rev.
Edward E. Hale, SO; Colonel Higglnson,
79; George F. Edmunds, 74; Carl Schurz,
73; Professor Norton, 75; W. D. Howells,
altruistic philosopher, and John Bur
roughs, ornithologist and skillful mixer
of bosh and botany. Of course, the sig
natures of Ervlng Winslow and William
Lloyd Garrison are appended to this
petition. The humanity of these anti
Imperialists seems about as ludicrously
misplaced as that of the little girl who,
on being shown a picture of the "Chris
tian Martyrs Thrown to the Lions," ex
claimed, "There is one poor Hon that
don't appear to have any Christian mar
tyr." The appeal to "end this barbar
ous warfare" should be made to the
Filipino guerrilla chiefs who habitually
practice unspeakable cruelties upon
their Spanish prisoners as well as upon
Americans.
These Filipino bandits have burled
American prisoners alive; have cut
them to ribbons with bole. These are
not camp stories; they rest on the evi
dence given before our military courts.
Francisco Braganza, In February 1900,
at Balluag, bound 103 young Spanish
prisoners, led them into a grove and
murdered them with knife, fcolo and
club. This was done to save them from
rescue by General Bell's troops, which
were In pursuit. In April, 1901, Bra
ganza presented himself as an insur
gent officer and took the oath. He was
recognized, arrested, tried, convicted
and sentenced to be hanged In Decem
ber last. The last issue of the Army
and Navy Register contains a letter
from an enlisted man of the Ninth In
fantry who was an eye-witness of the
fearful massacre of three commissioned
officers and forty-eight men at Balan
glga by a mob of bolomen, who shame
fully mutilated the dead bodies of the
officers. A recent report from Bohol
gives the details of a narrow escape
from death of two officers of the Nine
teenth Infantry, who, having occasion
to search a suspected house, had hardly
entered the main floor when they were
precipitated Into a pit which bristled
with sharpened bamboo stakes. Both
the officers were Injured, and the native
guide who accompanied them was Im
paled on one of the stakes and died
before he could be rescued. Another
building was discovered whose main
floor had been released from Its sup
ports and balanced en a central pillar,
so that the floor would tilt and thrust
its occupants Into a cellar which was
equipped with rusty bayonets and
sharpened bamboos placed on end.
The Army officers in the Philippines
have been warned to guard against this
barbarous method of warfare, so that
today few houses are entered without
a careful preliminary examination. The
worst miscreants among the leaders of
these Filipino banditti are men who
have been village schoolmasters; one of
the worst was a man of intelligence
who had received the education of a
priest And these are the kind of creat
ures whose severe punishment excites
the sympathy and obtains the protest of
"the old guard" of anti-imperialism in
America. "The great majority of the
people of the islands," says Governor
Taft, "desire peace. If it were not for
these barbarous guerrillas they would
be glad to settle down and earn a quiet
living. The action of these barbarous
insurgents is a crime against civiliza
tion, and they have worn out the right
to any treatment but that which is se
vere and within the laws of war."
North of a line drawn across Luzon
through Manila complete order prevails.
"An American can go anywhere
through the country there, unarmed
and alone.". An isolated region of dis
turbance exists south of Manila, in the
swamps of Batangas and about Laguna
Bay, but even this district, according
to the last report of Geenral Bell, has
been substantially cleared of brigands.
The Island of Negros is at peace. It
has 500,000 population, and turned out
the last year 106,000 tons of sugar. In
Panay, which is densely populated,
there is not a single village or large
town where an American cannot go
safely unarmed. ' Cebu and Mindanao
are at peace. There Is some fighting In
Samar, never held by Spain, save in
two isolated towns, because we Insist
on creating a condition of industrial or
der and security. These are the facts
of the present situation in the Philip
pines. Our methods call for no more
just protest than did the operation of
our trooops during the twenty years
that followed our first beginning of the
Union Pacific Railroad. From 1SS6 to
1S77 we were obliged to punish the hos
tile Indians most severely and force
them to choose between peace and ex
termination. The Filipino brigands are
as barbarous and cruel a foe as ever
were the Apaches, and both Senator
Edmunds and Senator Hoar voted for
appropriations to wipe out the Indian.
A great movement is reported to be In
progress to organize educational work
in the South. It has attracted the at
tention and obtained the support of a
number of men of great wealth, like
John D. Rockefeller and his son. Ac
cording to the Atlanta Constitution,
among the white people of the South
there are as many Illiterate men over 21
years of age as there, were when the
census of 1S50 was taken, fifty-two years
ago. This Ignorance of reading and
writing exists among the white men of
the South who have come to full age
since 1SS1. These figures do not Include
the children of negroes. This condition
of affairs, this Georgia journal says, is
not explicable on any grounds that are
creditable to the white people of the
South. This illiteracy Is described as
abnormal, and due to a false and vicious
educational system which needs to be
corrected, even at the sacrifice of much
ornamen'al instruction and Imported
"culture," so-called. We do not believe
the South is too poor to educate Its
people out of Illiteracy, and the At
lanta Constitution is of that opinion,
for it says that, making every allow
ance for the Impoverishment consequent
upon the Civil War, the South since 1S70
has had the opportunity and the means
to Improve the educational status of Its
white people far beyond the low stand
ard of fifty years ago.
The Joint committee of the New York
Legislature recently refused to report
a bill which recognized the practice of
osteopathy as a distinct school of medi
cine. This decision was based on the
fact that osteopathy was nothing but
massage-masquerading as an all-around
school of medicine; that all there Is in
osteopathy that is true is a matter of
common knowledge and common usage
In the regular schools of medicine. In
Massachusetts the registered list of per
sons authorized by the State Board to
practice the healing art Includes the
names of several osteopaths, for the
only requirement Is that all the appli
cants shall pass the general examina
tion in medicine. The law specifically
prescribes that there shall be no dis
crimination against any system or
school of medicine, providing the can
didates pass the regular examination
prepared by the board. This Is fair, and
Is all that any osteopath could ask.
The state says: "We do not care
whether you are an osteopath, so-called,
or not, but we do care whether 'you
have a fundamental, scientific knowl
edge of anatomy and physiology'." A
mere masseur has no more title to hold
a license as a genuine doctor than a
good nurse has a right to hold a license
to practice as a genuine doctor.
At the recent Good Roads Convention
at Albany, N. Y It was voted to rec
ommend to the Legislature the appro
priation of $1,000,000 for highway con
struction during the ensuing year, and
to urge the passage of a so-called "wide
tire" bill, which will require the use of
tires at least four inches in width upon
heavy vehicles. The State Engineer
and Surveyor, in his annual report, pro
poses that the state Issue bonds to the
amount of $10,000,000 for the construc
tion of trunk roads to connect the prin
cipal cities of the state. He explained
that such an issue could be retired in
seventeen years and would cost the citi
zens of the state but $760,000 annually
in taxes. With it, upward of 1250 miles
of good macadam road could be com
pleted in less than four years, giving
the state, with what is now built, 1425
miles of good roadway.
Behold the ravages of the accursed
gold standard! Superintendent F. D.
Kilburn has made his report showing
the condition of the savings banks of
the State of New York on January 1,
1902. The total resources of these institu
tions are shown to be $1,131,564,624,
which is an Increase during the year of
$05,500,403. The amount deposited In
creased $17,832,313, the aggregate depos
its in 1901 being $2S6,155,S26. No report
hitherto has ever presented figures ap
proaching these In magnitude.
It has been stated by the British War
Office that of the 446.0SS horses bought
for the South African War, 77,101 came
from the United States and 11,364 from
Canada. At the average price given of
$140 to $150, American horse breeders
have had a good time of It, but it has
been death to the horses. And the end
isnot yet.
The pension bill as passed by the Sen
ate Includes a provision prohibiting the
collection of a fee or compensation for
aiding in the passage of special pen
sion bills. The Introduction of such
bills has been largely Increased, the
number introduced Into the House this
session being between 4000 and 5000.
"The principle of protection," says the
Baltimore American, always a Repub
lican and hitherto a protection paper,
"is rapidly being made odious by Its
unreasonable and unnecessary applica
tion, and once the American people are
impressed with this fact, they will delay
long in getting rid of the law."
RUSSIA'S DEVIOUS COURSE.
Chicago Record-Herald.
In an interview with a Washington cor
respondent Count Cassinl said of Russia's
course In China:
Acting In concert with the other powers.
Russia strove to maintain peace and good
order throughout tho portions of territory
placed within her Guardianship. It has been
announced frequently and solemnly that Rus
sia harbored no design to annex Manchuria.
As peaceful conditions were restored vast con
tingents of tho Russian forces have been
withdrawn from China and Manchuria and the
territory returned to Chinese officials.
With regard to the first of these asser
tions it should be said that no part of
China was ever placed within Russia's
guardianship. Russia simply assumed
the control of Manchuria, and she stated
the case in this way: "Incidentally to
necessary defensivo measures on the Rus
sian border, Russia has occupied Nlu
Chwang for military purposes, and as soon
as order is established will retire troops
therefrom if the action of other powers
bo no obstaclo thereto."
It will be observed that the reservations
In. this statement are its most Important
part, and as an evidence of good faith
Russia at once began to negotiate a sep
arato Manchurlan convention with the
Chinese, white taking her share In the
general convention of the powers. This
Manchurian agreement has been pub
lished In its entirety, and it may be said
in brief that It provided for the com
plete domination of the Russians to the
exclusion of other foreigners. Its char
acter was such that the United States
Government protested to China that while
the peace negotiations continued it was
not advisable for her to enter into sep
arate agreements with any power, and
this note had the approval of all the in
terested nations, except Russia. The
pressuro against Russia then became
greater than the pressure for Russia, and
China refused to sign the agreement.
A Russian note on the subject, which
was issued April 5, 1901, cisht months af
ter the capture of Pekin. attempted to
explain Russia's actions, and concluded
as follows:
"While the Russian Government maintains Its
present organization In Manchuria, to pre
serve order In the vicinity of the broad fron
tiers of Russia and remains faithful to Its
original and oft-repeated political programme,
it will quietly await events.
Tho organization was then Intact, the
center of control was far south of the
frontier, and Russia at once began to
figure on another convention. The ne
gotiations have been managed with great
secrecy, but it is understood that a ritew
treaty which has been framed provides
for tho continued occupation of the prov
ince by Russian troops, for the drill of
native troops hy Russia and for divers
exclusive privileges for Russia. It has
been opposed by the United States, as
well as by England and Japan, and
Count Cassinl's utterances will hardly af
fect the policy of this Government. The
facts are too strong against him.
JEFFERSON OR LIVINGSTON?
"Who Should Hnve Chief Credit for
LonlNlniin Purchase?
Some think that too much credit is given
to Jefferson for the Louisiana purchase.
To be sure, the purchase was made when
Jefferson was President, and it Is there
fore quite natural that to him. the prin
cipal part of the credit for the purchase
should be accorded. The claim is made,
however, that Jefferson was at first op
posed to tho purchase, and that the prin
cipal credit for it should be accorded to
Robert R. Livingston, of New York, who
was our Minister to France when the pur
chase was made. In the National House
of Representatives a few days ago Champ
Clark, of Missouri, concluded a character
istic speech with a rhapsodical glorifica
tion of Jefferson for the part he played
In effecting tho Louisiana purchase, and
when he sat down Representative D. S.
Alexander, of Buffalo, who represents the
33d New York district in the House, took
Issue with Representative Clark and
claimed that the credit for tho purchase
belongs mainly to Livingston and not to
Jefferson. Said Representative Alexan
der: I think that the time has come when it should
bo stated upon ..ho floor of the House that
there was a man behind the President who
will yet be recognized by all Americans as
tho one of all others responsible for the
Louisiana purchase. I welcome tho coming of
the St. Louis Exposition If for no other rea
son than that it will be the means of again
bringing to tho attention of this country tho
truth of history. It ought not to mlnlmlza
the efforts of Thomas Jefferson In so far as
such efforts were rightly spent, but It will
certainly bring Into view the magnificent
work of a distinguished New Yorker, Robert R.
Livingston. MIn'ster to France, by whom and
through whom the Louisiana purchase was
made. Xapoleon announced his determina
tion to sell whatever American territory ho
had obtained from Spain, and without hesita
tion Mr. Livingston took him up. agreed upon
a prfce and reported the transaction to Mr.
Jefferson, who at once assumed that he had
no Constitutional authority to make the pur
chase. He wen.t so far as to write Intimate
friends, members of the United States Senate,
urging that they look with disfavor upon the
proposition, slneo It could not be approved un
less a Constitutional amendment was adopted
opening the way for Its purchase by the
Executive and Its ratification by the Senate;
but while Jefferson was urging Its uncon
stitutionality Mr. Livingston completed tho
bargain, secured the co-operation of the Bar
ingswho negotiated a loan of S15.000.000, the
purchase price and then sent a confidential
letter to the President saying that unless the
purchase be ratified at once, Xapoleon would
change his mind.
Upon the receipt of this lettor President Jef
ferson dropped nls Constitutional objections,
wrote his Senatorial friends to say nothing
about It. and urged them to get together and
confirm the purchase without delay. That. In
brief. Is the history of the Louisiana purchase,
and that history, wrought out In all Its details
by the orators who will be heard at the St.
Louis Exposition, should be written in let
ters of gold and published from Maine to
the Golden Gate, that the country may know
that the man with the nerve, with the breadth
of mind, with the foresight to make the pur
chase and force its ratification, was not
Thomas Jefferson, the narrow constructionist
of the Constitution, but Robert R. Livingston,
one of New York's greatest and foremost
statesmen. I do not wish to depreciate tho
part taken in that great historical transac
tion by the President of the United State,
whose name Is Justly honored; American citi
zens should recosnlze the fact that the man
to whom we owe the honor aifd the debt
of gratitude for the Louisiana purchase 13
Robert R. Livingston, of New York, and not
Thomas efferson. of Virginia.
Another Cnrnesr'e Epitaph.
New York Times.
New York, Feb. 10. (To the Editor.)
Here lies a man who was the possessor
of millions. Tills money he gained by In
domitable pluck, perseverance, great man
aging ability, and principally by the pow
erful .assistance of a high protective tariff.
He was a great manufacturer of steel rails,
and sent to Japan 10.000 tons of the same
at a price of over 52 a ton less than what
they could be made for in England.
After he had made this colossal fortune,
realizing that the United States had
poured it Into his pockets, he very kindly
and magnanimously. In the closing years
of his life, gave back some of this money
to the people. May all tariff-enriched
millionaires and trusts follow his glori
ous example! Requiescat in pace. A. D.
We Shall Keep he Philippines.
Atlanta Constitution, Dem.
The archipelago Is the property of the
United States and will remain such for
all present purposes. It is folly to dis
cuss whether we are to retain these
islands, release them or retail them or
wholesale them to another power. The
temper of the people Is unmistakable.
They mean to keep the Philippines.
AMUSEMENTS. ,
After ,a wilderness of musical comedies
masquerading as comic opera, of lyrics
which are but variants of themes stale
In old Ben Franklin's days, and of music
positively gaseous in Its lightness, it is a
pleasure to listen to such an opera as
"The Princess Chic." which opened to a
crowded house at the Marquam last night.
Kirk LaShelle has written a book which
blends sentiment and fun In a charming
fashion, and Julian Edwards has set it
to such music as one does not often hear
grand opera music, translated into a lan
guage that the ordinary theater-goer can
ray he enjoys without crossing his fingers
and winking at the truth. The company
presenting it is all good. In a ca"st of a
dozen or more there are no sticks. Not a
singer inspires the auditor with a desire
to hear the end of the song, and of the
four comedians, it would be difficult to
say which is the funniest. Such an opera,
presented by such a company, costumed
with a lavishness that makes reports of
the preparations for the coronation look
Insipid, has not been seen In Portland for
many a long day, and it is not surprising
that the audience speedily awakened to
the fact that they were seeing and hearing
a good thing, and applauded like little
boys at a circus.
Mr. LaShelle has taken the story of
Charles the Bold for a subject, and out of
It has built a real plot, with a Princess
who assumes all kinds of disguises as
the central figure, surrounded by a stal
wart body of men, while a collecton of
the prettiest girls one would care to see Is
on hand ready to be soldiers, courtiers,
damsels or anything that Is necessary to
lively movements and gorgeous stage pic
tures. There i3 abundance of merriment,
skillfully contributed by four gentlemen
of various conditions, and plenty of love
making, mostly done by the Duke, the
Princess Chic and a soubrcttc. who is ex
ceedingly comprehensive in her affections.
Maud Lillian Berri. as the Princess Chic,
has the most singing to do. and she did it
last night in a way that won her audi
ence from the start. She has a sweet,
clear voice, which she uses with consum
mate art, and in two songs in the second
act. "If" and "The Water Nymph and the
River God," she displayed it splendidly.
Miss Berri is withal a good actress, and
her playing of the part could hardly have
been improved upon. Dorothy Hunting
Is another member of the company who
possesses unusual vocal gifts, and her
singing of "The Love Light in Your
Eyes" was such as to cause disappoint
ment that she was not heard again in a
solo. Thomas Leary, Edwin S. Metcalfe,
W. A. Lawrence and Neil McNeill con
tribute all the comedy that is necessary,
and do it well. Their last endeavors, a
topical song, earned them something like
a dozen recalls. Mr. Metcalfe, who has a
voice of fine bass quality, also distin
guished himself in a more serious effort,
"War Is a Bountiful Jade," a swinging
solo, with a men's chorus behind it. The
crowning number of the opera is the quar
tet In the last act. in which arc heard Miss
Berri, Miss Hunting. Mr. Wllke and Mr.
Knight. Edna Floyd Is a pretty sou
brette; Hubert Wilke does some fine work
as Charles; Frederic Knight makes good
use of what opportunity he has to use his
tenor, and the remainder of the principals
are admirable. The company, which
numbers 50 people (not press agent's fig
ures), has been well chosen, and the work
of the chorus was marvelous, being par
ticularly effective In the magnificent
finales. The scenery is sumptuous, and
the costuming, as has already been said.
Is something to go a long way to see.
"The Princess Chic" will be repeated
tonight, tomorrow afternoon and tomorrow
night.
COMING ATTRACTIONS.
ClilcaRO Symphony Orchestra.
The sale of seats for the Chicago sym
phony orchestra, which comes to the Mar
quam Grand Theater next Friday and
Saturday night, will open tomorrow morn
ing at 10 o'clock. The orchestra Is a star
organization throughout. The four cele
brated soloists that appear are all well and
favorably known in the East. No orches
tra seems to enjoy the popularity of the
Chicago symphony orchestra, save pos
sibly the Boston symphony.
Unfvcraltr Glee Club.
The University of Oregon Glee Club,
which is now touring the Willamette Val
ley, will appear In Portland on Friday
evenlns of this week, at 'the Y. QT. C. A.
Hall. The club Is composed of 16 voices,
while i-everal specialists have been placed
on th nrocramme. Professor S. M. Glen
kwill appear as baritone soloist, and a
number of the college boys win ao special
stunts. The Oregon Glee Club has mado
a number of successful tours. Its last ap
pearance in this city being on January 1,
1S00. Under the training of Professor
Glen the club has developed Into ono of
the most popular musical organizations in
the state. Tickets for the concert aro now
on sale at the Y. M. C. A. office, on Fourth
and Yamhill streets.
VARIOUS ITEMS.
The longest stretch of railway without a
curve Is 211 miles, from Buenos Ayres to the
foot of the Andes, on the now Argentine Pa
cific Railway.
A bequest of ?SO,000 from the estate of
Henry Vlllard has been made to Columbia
University for the establishment of a chair
of Germanic languages.
The longest bridge In 'the world Is the Lion
bridge, near Sangang. in China. It extends
five and one-quarter miles over an arm of
the Yellow Sea. and Is supported by 300 hugo
stone arches. The roadway Is 70 feet above
the water and Is Inclosed tn-an Iron network.
Thomas Hitchcock, who has stirred up so
much criticism in New York through his de
clining to give up his opera box to Prlnco
Henry. 13 a man of wealth and culture and
was known for many years as a financial
writer over the pseudonym of "Matthew
Marshall."
Miss Forrest, who died at Jedburg, Scot
land, recently, S4 years old. was accustomed
to say that she remembered Sir Walter Scott
speaking a few kind words to her when she
was at play In Friars. Jedburg. At her fa
ther's gunsmlthshop Sir Walter often onlled
to have antiquities repaired.
President Hnrper, of the University of Chi
cago. Is making an effort to gain an accurate
estimate of the expense Incurred by students
during their siudy at that Institution. Ho has
prepared a series of questions, called the
"students' budget," covering every Item of
expense from candy to tuition fees.
Engineer RJevousky, of St. Petersburg, has
Invented an electric motor plow which Is
said to make a furrow 12 Inches deep, with
a saving from 5 to T per cent in power as
compared with the ony plow, with a shal
lower furrow. It elicited great admiration at
the electric congress Just held In Moscow.
The Skeptics.
Bliss Carman.
"It was the little leaves beside the road."
Said Grass, "What Is that sound
So dismally profound.
That detonates and desolates the alr4"
"That Is St. Peter's bell."
Said raln-wtse Pimpernel:
"He Is music to tho godly.
Though to us he sounds so oddly.
And he terrifies the faithful Into prayer."
Then something very like a groan
Escaped the naughty little leaves.
Said Grass, "And whither track
These creatures all In black.
So woebegone and pcntlnent and meek?"
"They're mortals bound for church,"
Said the little Sliver Birch:
"They hope to get to heaven
And have their sins forgiven.
If they talk to God about it once a week."
And something very like a smile
Ran through the naughty little leaves.
Said Grass. "What Is that noise
That startles and destroys
Our blessed Summer brooding when wfre
tired?"
"That'3 folk a-pralslng God,"
Said the tough old cynic Clodr
"They do It every Sunday,
They'll be all right on Monday,
It's just a little habit they've acquired."
And laughter spread among the Utile leaves.
X0TE AND COMMENT.
Beef may now be bought retail at a
wholesale advance In price.
Lucky the milliner that gets the Job of
building the coronation bonnets.
There is still room for a few more
choice names on the registration books.
Perhaps Hon. Charles A. Tpwne may
yet head the Wall-Street presidential
ticket.
A negro minstrel was lynched in Mis
souri the other day. He must have tried
to springs a new joke.
At last accounts General Dewet was
stil on tho other side of the kopje and
about three laps ahead.
Funston Is well again. The wide
awake newspapers will immediately send
their best reporters on his trail.
Cuba didn's know thit the protection
Congress talked about before the Spanish
war was meant for the trusts.
The signs of Spring are multiplying.
Several loads of household furniture have
been seen on the streets lately.
People who have distinguished them
selves by having the automobile face
and golf eye must now get the German
tongue to be in style.
A case of an innocent man in prison
has been discovered. As there are many
guilty ones out of prison, however, he
ought to be able to console himself.
We call the attention of our readers to
a poem by our esteemed contributor.
Miss Tlllie Johnson, which might have
been considerably better never than late.
We have received a communication and
six Inches of poetry from a sweet young
thing who says her name is Met Rivers.
It contains a theory as to the where
abouts of Tillie Johnson, which would
be all right If it wasn't all wrong, as sub
sequent events have proven It. How
ever, It shall not long be withheld from
an anxious public, and will be published
on the installment plan, one lino at a
time until it is all in. When the poem
is completed, a prize will be offered to the
person who shall be able to gather It to
gether and make a poem out of It.
Mr. Editor, Dear Sir Irne glad yu ap
preshlate ml potery an wood have sent
yu sum last weak but I am studyin an
prepirin myself for a moar eggsaltcl
poslshun. Thare is a Man hear who sez
he is goin to the leglslater next year
an if my bruthers ole and Sven vote for
him he will make me clerk when the
leglslater meets In Salem. He sez I will
only have to smlio an look purty an
draw my silury. and i will meat all the
most brllyunt men in the state such as
senators and nuzpapcrs and grafters
whatever tha are. I send you sum.
potery Inspired by the acshun ov yure
chamber of commerce. I never saw tho
chamber but it must be as big as the
dance hall at Detroit to hold so many
men.
THE CHINESE MUST GO.
I red In your sood paper h0 sum Portland
people want
To bring inoro Chinee hoards to our fare land.
How any one who knows them could think
of such a thing.
Is really more than I can understand.
I dont know many Chlnee3 and dont want to
know no more.
And It I had my way I'd make them dance,
I hate tharc nasty plgtales an thare little
squlnty eyes.
And the way thay ware thare shirts outside
thare
Th'ave the awfullest complcxshuns on them
that wns ever saw.
Thay must have yallow janders good and bad
And If we could get rid of them forever ono
an all.
Your friend Tlllie Johnson, sweet singer of
the Santlnm an expecting to be clerk In
the nex leglslater would be
Mighty, Mighty Glad.
She means Detrolt-on-tho-Santlam.
Trousers Is the word she would have writ
ten here If she had more culture.
Now that election tlmo Is approaching
and tho Intelligent public of this stxto
Is anxiously looking forward to the usual
biennial treat of oratory and information,
it Is proper to offer some suggestions In
regard to the selection of speakers. Few
politicians realize that in making speeches
they discharge with their words a tor
rent of bacteria and other microscopic
organisms of different varieties, the harm
ful or harmless character of which de
pends upon the health of tho speaker.
It can readily be seen what a capacity
for spreading evil the unhealthy public
orator Is endowed with. True, many of
them sluico their mouths and organs of
speech so often with some form of al
chohollc stimulant and disinfectant that
their breath is not so charged with deadly
organisms as It might be; but it Is well
known that the mouth secretions of
healthy people frequently contain such
virulent microbes as the staphylococcus
pyrogenes aureus, and the dlplococcus
Ianceolatus, while that diphtheria bacilli
may be present In the mouths of people
who aro not suffering from the dlseaso
has been conclusively and repeatedly
demonstrated is a well-established fact.
If so much danger attends the speaking
of healthy people, what must be the risk
of listening to long-winded speeches
from persons suffering from consumption,
influenza, or any other disease which
affects the air passages, and the worst
of it is that the louder tho orator talks,
and the wider he opens his mouth, tho
greater is the number of bacteria bacilli,
microbes and other organisms thrown out
and the further they reach, and when
such an orator coughs or sneezes no one
in the largest hall is safe. It will, there
fore, be seen that It is very advisable
that election orators should talk as little
as possible, and that the public should
stay away from such speech-making as
much as possible, and trust to the reports
of Immune reporters who attend the
meetings.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARVGRAPIIERS
Sympathetic. Daggs I'd have you know, sir,
that my ancestors were blue-blooded. Dlggs
Too bad: why didn't they take something for
it? Ohio State Journal.
Photographer Now I want you to look as
If you were not having your picture taken.
Customer Then you'd better gfve me back
the deposit I mado-ln advance. Life.
For a Rainy Day. He I don't see why a
woman shouldn't lay something by for a
rainy day as well as a man. She Why, they
do. I have a lovely rainy-day skirt Philadel
phia Evenlns Bulletlnj
Gratitude. Mrs. Tunner My dear professor.
I cannot thank you enough for thl3 absorbing
course of lecturers. While hearing you speak.
I have actually been able to entirely forget my
sick baby. Brooklyn Life.
Ahead of the Game. Miss Grasplt Oh.
mamma, what do you think? Clara Upperten
has eloped. Mrs. Grasplt How fortunate!
Now we won't have to send her a wedding
present. Chicago Dally News.
Not a Great Drawback. Friend There's an
amateur dramatic organization In your village.
Isn't there?" Suburbanite Yes, but I usually
mannge to find an excuse for not attending
their performances. Brooklyn Life.
"My dear," she said to her Invalid hus
band, "you haven't forgotten that sealskin
sacque you promised me. have you?" "How
can you think of suh things." he protested,
"with death so near to me?" "But, my
gracious! sealskin Is quite fashionable Xor
mourning." Philadelphia Record.
h ,