THE MOKNINO-OttEGONIAN, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1901. , '
GETS UNO AT LOW PRICE
RESULT OF THE FIRST CONDEMNA
TION SUIT IN HAWAII.
Pearl Harbor Naval Station Site "Will
Not Cost the Government
Much Ovcrdne Ships.
HONOLULU, Dec 18, via Victoria, B.
C Dec 25. The first of the suits brought
by the United Suites to condemn lands
needed for the naval station at Pearl
Harbor was decided last week by a
Jury in the United States District Court,
which awarded the land to the Govern
ment at a price far below the demands
of the owners. The case was that of
the United States against the estate of
Bernice Pauahi Bishop, involving over
600 acres of land at the site of the pro
posed station. The Bishop estate de
manded about $600 per acre for the land,
while the Government's price was about
$30. The jury brought In a verdict
awarding the defendants about $75 per
acre The verdict Is taken to indicate
that the Government will get the land
wanted for a naval station for a small
sum.
Two other suits brought by the Gov
ernment have been compromised, the
United States getting the lands without
cost. The John II estate agreed t( and
has deeded to the Government a strip
of land amounting to 23 acres on Ford
Island and the suit against the II estate
for the whole of the island has been with
drawn as It Is held to be unnecessary to
take It all. The Oahu Sugar Company
also surrendered its leasehold interest
in the same land. The suit against the
Oahu Railway & Land Company for the
land covered by its right of way has
been settled. The company deeds the
lands to the Government with the under
standing that its tracks shall not be dis
turbed until a new right of way is pro
vided. The most Important condemnation suit
now pending is against the Honolulu
Plantation Company, to secure the com
pany's leasehold interest in the lands of
the Bishop estate already condemned.
A suit against the Dowsett estate for
4SS acres of this same land is also pend
ing. A special election held in HIlo district
last week, to choose a successor to the
late J. E. "Wallko, member of the House
of Representatives, resulted in the elec
tion of James Lewis, who was the de
feated Republican candidate at the for
mer election. The campaign was a quiet
one.
President Roosevelt's message is com
mented on here as adverse to the sugar
interests of Hawaii. The declaration
against allowing more Chinese to come
here was a disavpointmont to the plant
ers. The pros-vtct of reciprocity with
Cuba; the possibility of free admission of
sugar from that island and the Philip
pines, as well as from Porto Rico, are
also disappointing in Hawaii. In spite of
these Inferences, however, sugar stocks
remain firm.
Attorney-General .Dole will leave for
"Washington in the near future, to make
an appeal for the territory in a case in
volving the legality of trials without
grand jury indicates under the Ha
waiian law allowing jury verdicts by
nine jurors after an examination.
Considerable alarm Is felt in marine
circles for the safety of several overdue
vessels from Pacific Coast ports. Among
them Is the ship C. D. Carleton, 44 days
out from Tacoma. The barkentine
Klickitat is 35 days out from Port Lud
low and the bo.rk Ceylon 24 days from
Port Gamble. From Gray's Harbor, the
schooner "W. F. "Wltsemann is 35 days
out and the H. D. Bendlxen is 44 days
out from Port Blakeley. The W. H.
Diamond, Amy Turner and Gerard C.
Tobey are each 24 days out from San
Francisco. Yesterday, the S. G. "Wilder
arrived from San Francisco after a "trip
of 24 days.
MR. MARKHAM STILL HOES.
His Familiar Qualities Held Up to
Mild Scorn.
The New York Sun.
Fame came to Mr. Edwin Markham late
in life, as liberty came to the shepherd in
the First Bucolic tamen sera respexlt
and he enjoys It all the more on that ac
count. Does any other versemaker have
so absolute and unwearied delight in his
own verses? He goes about reading them
liKe an ancient rhapsode. Go to a teach
ers' meeting, a congress of mothers, a
discussion on some aspect of contempo
rary sociology, a reunion of forty-niners
or of volunteer firemen or of gentlemen's
son of the Ninth Ward, and Mr. Mark
ham. Is sure to turn up with a recitation.
it we can't say conscientiously that we
pine to hear him. at least we love to see
him playing and "looking" his part. If in
dustry diligent study of the dictionary
and handsome, flowing metrical hair and
beard can make a. good poet, he is one.
At any rate, if his inward joy in his work
is one millionth part of his visible satis
faction therewith, he is the happiest man
on earth.
In "Lincoln and Other Poems" Mr.
Markham shows his familiar quali
ties. He combines the sentimental
political economy of Professor George
D. Herron and of Professor Bemis,
formerly of Kansas, now of Cleveland,
with the studied and affected rhetoric of a
Latin poet of the decadence. Add capital
letters by the bushel. Sure, never wis such
another spendthrift of them. Clearly Mr.
Markham holds that there Is a mystic
power and magic in them. So you have
"First "Whisper." "Perils of the Street."
"Lean Hunger" (we like to kn6w that
Hunger isn't -putting on ilesh), "Worm of
' Misery," "Tradition," "Book of Pedigree,"
"Privilege," "Dream," "Kingdom of Fra
ternity," "Brother-Future," "World-State,-"
"Mighty Deed," "Purpose, La
bor Angel," "Hidden Hand," "Secret
Vast." "Powers of Water," "Fire and
Air," "Naked Fact," one Law, one Pur
pose, one Advance, "Comrade-Future."
"Seeptered Power," "Rulers of the
Spheres," "Lyric Seven," "Mighty Hun
dred Years," and so on. If capital letters
w ere wings, Mr. Markham would be whiz
zing through the empyrean all the time.
A specimen of Mr. Markham's ambi
tious, and, as it seems to us, essentially
ludicrous, manner, may be had in the
blank verses on Lincoln:
"When the Norn-Mother saw the "Whirlwind
Hour,
threatening and darkening- as It hurried on.
She bent the strenuous heavens and came down
To make a man to meet the mortal need.
A man that matched the mountains and com
pelled The stars to look our way and honor us.
The last line is in Mr. Markham's sublime-ridiculous
manner.' Nat Lee might
have written them when he -was maddest.
Kyd and Gongora and Euphues would
have admired It. Well, Fate, or the
Norn-Mother, as Mr. Markham prefers to
say for the sake of getting in another
capital letter, foresees some time In 1S09
the Whirlwind Hour. A Norn-Mother that
understood the Norn business wou'd have
looked at the barbmeter earlier. She
bends the strenuous heavens. What with?
Presumably with her weight. A good sol
id Mothern Norn, like a Wagnerian Scan
dinavian heroine played by a German
prima donna. But let's see what Mother
Norn did:
Tho color of the ground was In him, the red
earth.
The tang and odor of the primal things
The rectitude and patlonce of the ro;ks.
If the first line means ' anything. It
means that Mr. Lincoln was red-headed.
The second line mean's nothing that we
can discover. The tang and odor of the
primal things must have been con
foundedly, unpleasant. The early and still
steamlng.earth must have been more like
Barren Island than Araby the Blest.
"The rectitude and patience of the
rocks!" A poet's license should not be
Inspected too closely. This poor devil
must get his metaphors and his similes
somewhere. But a rock is no more capa
ble of patience than of suffering. And
what is the rectitude of rocks? In a
moral sense the phrase is nonsense. If
Mr. Markham uses it in a physical sense,
why. not even his system of maudlin
political economy is more gnarled, slab
sided and out of plumb than most rocks
arc Keats' "Sat gray-haired Saturn,
quiet as a stone," is absolutely perfect.
Mr. Markham's rocks are what the mod
ern classics call "rocky."
But the catastrophe. Mr. Markham's
cheeks are distended. He is pulling away
at the straps of his boots under the im
pression that he is soaring:
So camfc the Captain with the mlshty heart;
And when the step of earthquake shook the
house.
Wrenching the ratters from their ancient hold.
He held the rldegpole up, and spiked again
The rafters of the Home.
What the deuce Is the Captain doing
here, and why has he beaten his sword
Into a hammer? Where are the walking
delegates of the Carpenters' Union? The
truth is that the whole passage is pre
posterous. Against the Immeasurable
powtr of earthquake Is matched an ama
teur carpenter with a hammer in one
hand and a bunch of ten-penny nails in
the other. The "tame villatic" stroke is
never missing from Mr. Markham's at
tempts at strength or sublimity. The old
red flannel undershirt sticks out from
beneath the purple singing robes. One
more instance:
He Is the stone rejected, yet thn stone
Whereon Is bu'lt metropolis and throne.
Out of his toll come all their pompous shows,
Their purple luxury and plush repose.
Plush repose! The footman's breeches.
Mr. Markham should take something
to relieve the swelling In his style. Ono
delicious stanza we must quote:
You were kept hidden In a secret place.
With white Sierras, white Niagaras
Hid under stalwart stars In this fair space.
Ages ere Tadmor or the man of Uz.
"Uz" and "Niagaras": the worst is not
so long as we can say this is the worst.
Now, the naturnl vein of Mr. Markham
is sweet and simple and Mother Goosey.
For Instance:
There are three eggs In' a small brown rocket,
And the breeze will swing and the gale will
rock It,
Till three little birds on the thin edge teeter.
And our God be glad and our world be sweeter.
By kind permission of Professor Henry
van Dyke.
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP.
Government ."Waste Uwunlly Equal to
Private Profit.
San Francisco Call.
The railroad combination recently effect
ed has commanded approval in some
quarters because of its" expected demon
stration that the united systems can oe
operated from one center, and, therefore,
that their operation in concentration by
the Government under public ownership,
being possible, will be so desirable that
their acquisition by the Government will
follow.
As we have said heretofore, the evolu
tion of American roads from the link to
trunk lines, and from trunk lines to sys
tems, was to secure convenience to their
patrons and economy in operation. 'This
economy, of course, reappeared in in
creased profit and this was divided with
the patrons in the form of cheaper rates.
Take what is now the New York Cen
tral system as an illustration. In 1855 the
links which now compose It charged an
average passenger rate of 3.72 cents per
mile In 1S99 the average rate over the
same links consolidated Into a system
was LKJ cents per mile. The average pas
senger rate on the Central Pacific in 1S72
was 3.83 cents per mile, and by 1897 on the
Southern Pacific system, of which the
Central had become a part, the average
rate was L9G4 cents per mile
Describing the "Jink" roads as the prim
itive and the "systems" .as the Improved
method, the reduction in freight rates re
sulting from the change was on the New
York Central 84 per cent, Pennsylvania
Central SO per cent, Milwaukee & St. Paul
75 per cent, Illinois Central 78 per cent.
Southern Pacific &i per cent. In passen
ger rates the average In this country In
1S9S was 1.994 cents per mile, while the
rate in Great Britain for first-class pas
sengers was 4.24 cents and for third-class
2.02 cents, in France first-class 4.04, Ger
many 3.03, Russia 3.63, Austria 3.83, Italy
3.63, Holland, 3.23, Belgium 2.43 cents per
mile This Includes the group affected
by government ownership of the roads,
and In them all the rate for second-class
passengers Is higher than our first-class
rate, and In most of them the third-class
rate is higher than jur average
In all of the Continental countries which
own and operate government roads pri
vate corporations also own and operate
roads. Italy appointed a commission to
report on government ownership In re
spect to its economy compared with cor
porate ownership. That commission re
ported that in the six countries, Austro
Hungary, Germany, Belgium, Denmark,
Norway and Sweden, the ratio of ex
penses to earnings on government roads
was 67.66 and on private roads 56.16 per
cent. So that in that group the cost or
.government operation exceeded private
operation by 20.7 per cent.
The same commission reported that In
France the ratio of expense to earnings
was, on government roads 81.5, on private
roads 53.S; Germany, 54.9 to 54.2; Nether
lands, 59.9 to 5L9.
The Italian commission reported that:
"The state Is essentially a political insti
tution, which has for its object the pro
tection of private rights and the promo
tion of public good, not the exercise of in
dustrial pursuits; that railroad manage
ment could not be considered a state func
tion; that the state should not or could
not undertake that which should be lett
for the citizens, either alone or associat
ed, to do; that it restricted the held or
individual action and enterprise, was a
social and political Injury and tended to
diminish liberty."
Thereupon Italy divested herself of rail
way . management by turning the state
roads over to private parties, and in three
years the wages of the employes were in
creased 14 per cent and the ratio of ex
penses to earnings decreased.
The government statistician of New
South Wales reports that In Australia the
government railroads cost $64,450 per mile,
while private lines operating in the same
territory cost only $18,000 to $36,000 per
mile. The earnings of the government
roads, charging three to four times the
rates of the United States, were 3.02 per
cent, and the Interest paid was 3.99 per
cent, leaving an annual deficit of .97, or
nearly 1 per cent, that was levied as a
general tax on the people, amounting to
$5,607,063, which they had to pay In ad
dition to railroad rates three to four
times higher than In the United States.
These are authentic stat'stics. and they
prove beyond dispute that in the conduct
of industrial enterprises government
waste is equal to corporate profit. We
have contended that if submitted to piop
er accounting and actuary methods It
would be demonstrated that the same rule
holds good In the municipal ownership
and operation of such public utilities as
gas, water and street railways. The
same Infirmity Is found to be common to
strong autocratic governments like Rus
sia, bureaucratic systems like Germany
and qualified democracies like France and
Australia, and if there are any reasons
for anticipating anything different under
our popular form of government they are
not yet proved.
Schwab "Will Go to Europe.
NEW YORK, Dec. 25. Charles M.
Schwab, president of. the United States
Steel Corporation, will sail for Europe
tomorrow on La Savole, of the French llnei
He will be accompanied by Mrs. Schwab
and has planned to remain abroad for two
months.
Your complexion, as well as your tem
per, is rendered miserable by adlsordered
liver. Improve both by taking Carter's
Little Liver PiUa.
NO DECREASE IN TRADE
REASON FOR APPARENT REDUC
TION IN EXPORTATION.
Caused by Lower Current Prices for
Commodities and the Ab
sence of Data.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 25. That the re
duction in exportations of manufactures
is largely due to reduced prices and ab
sence of data on the commerce with Ha
waii and Porto Rico is apparent from some
figures Just compiled by the Treasury Bu
reau of Statistics. The reduction in the
total value of exports of manufactures Is,
as has already been stated, chiefly in" iron
and steel, copper, and mineral oil. The.
reduction in mineral oil now amounts to
about $3,000,000 in the 11 months ending
with November, while in quantity export
ed there has been an actual increase of
70,030,000 gallons, as compared with the
U months of 1900. In exports of wire
during the 10 months ending with October
the value of the exports shows a decrease,
while the quantity has during that time
increased over 11,000,000 pounds, as com
pared with the same period of last year.
Of locomotives there is an Increase In the
number actually exported and a decrease
in value amounting to nearly $500,000. Of
bar Iron the average export price per
pound in the 10 months of 1901, compared
with the corresponding months of 1900,
shows a decrease of 20 per cent; wire
rods, a decrease in price per pound of
over 34 per cent; billets, ingots and blooms,
over 12 per cent reduction In price; steel
rails, a reduction of 10 per cent in prlca
per ton; tin-plates, a reduction of 25 per
cent in price per pound; structural iron
and steel. 9 per cent; cut nails, 12 per cent;
wire, 16 per cent, and other articles of
iron and steel show about the same rate
of reduction in prices per unit of auan
tity. Among ell the articles of iron and
teel exported in which quantities as well
as values are given, and an opportunity
thus afforded to determine the export price
per pound, about three-fourths of them
show reduced prices.
The fact that none of the merchandise
sent to the Hawaiian Islands or Porto
Rico have been Included in the statement
of exports to foreign countries also takes
away from the statistics of manufactures
exported about $15,000,000, which would be
Included If the methods followed in former
years, when Hawaii and Porto Rico were
foreign territory, were applied at the pres
ent time. Estimates by the Bureau of
Statistics based upon statements obtained
regnrding shipments between the United
States and these Islands during the present
year put the value of the exports to Ha
waii in the 10 months ending with October
at about $24,000,000, and to Porto Rico
at $6,500,000, making It apparent that our
exports to these islands In the 10 months
In question amount to about $30,000,000;
while an examination of the class of mer
chandise exported to them in former years
indicates that more than ope-half is man
ufactures. This would Indicate that a
considerable share of the apparent reduc
tion in our exports of manufactures Is due
to the absence of statistics of shipments
of manufactures to those islands, the
exports to which were formerly Included
in the statements of our foreign com
merce Add to this the facts shown In the
above statement regarding the reduction
In export prices of Iron and steel and min
eral oil, and a large proportion of the
apparent reduction In exports of manufac
tures Is accounted for.
The tables which follow, prepared by
the Treasury Bureau of Statistics, show
the quantity and value, and the export
price per unit of quantity, in those man
ufactures of iron and steel In which the
export statement includes quantities as
well as values:
Exported during 10 mos.
Iron sheets, pounds
Iron sheets, pounds
Safes, number
Iron ore, tons
Pig Iron, tons
Scrap iron, tons
Bar iron, pounds
"Wire rods, pounds
Other steel bars, pounds
Billets, Ingots, etc., tons
Hoop and band Iron, pounds...
Steel talis, tons
Iron rails, tons
Tin and terne plates, pounds.
Structural Iron, etc, tons
Wire, pounds
Cut nails, pounds
Wire nails, pounds
Other nails, pounds
Car wheels, number
Cash registers, number
Fire engines, number
Locomotives, number
Stationary engines, number
Quantities.
... 16.561.698
... 16,869,033
1.613
46,846
... 227,596
43.277
... 15.S62.13S
... 16.793,920
...13S.024.373
70.S45
... 4.446.0SO
... 325,525
5,314
... 203,076
54,761
...146.872.524
... 20,483.920
.. 54.269.703
... 3,517,169
19.3S4
11
374
1.123
Export Price Per
Iron ore, tons '.
Pig Iron, tons
Scrap Iron, etc, tons
Bar Iron, pounds
Wire rods, pounds
Other steel bar, pounds
Billets, Ingots, etc, tons
Hoop, etc. Iron and steel, pounds
Steel rails, tons
Iron rails, pounds
Iron sheets, pounds
Steel sheets, pounds
Tin and terne plates, pounds
Structural Iron and steel, tons
Wire, pounds
Cut nails, pounds
Wire nails, pounds
Other nails, pounds
Safes, number
Fire engine, number
Locomotives, number
Increase
COMPASS VARIATIONS.
Earnest Study Nott Given to the
Subject.
According to the present plans, the year
1902 will be made memorable for Its prog
ress In the Investigation of terrestrial
magnetism. All the civilized nations of
the world are co-operating, and the
United States, through its Coast and Geo
detic Survey, is doing Its full share Few
branches of the scientific work of the
Government are more interesting than
this, or have, because of Its relation to
land titles, more practical Importance,
says a Washington special to the New
York Evening Post.
The discoverer of the "variations of the
compass" is supposed to have been no
less a person than Christopher Columbus.
Before his day It was assumed that the
needle held true to the pole. A common
school history of the United States which
Is' at hand states on Its flrst page of nar
rative that 'the compass and the astrolabe
an Instrument for reckoning latitude
had been Invented, and voyagers were no
longer compelled to creep along the shore,
but began to strike out boldly Into the
open sea." A few pages later the same
text-book records that, to the dismay of
the sailors on the fleet of Columbus, "the
compass no longer pointed directly north,
and they believed themselves going Into a
region where the very laws of nature were
changed." Dr. Tittman, the superintend
ent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, re
gards It as rather remarkable and a trib
ute to their astronomical attainments that
the party of Columbus happened to dis
cover this error, for It was not great.
When Columbus sailed from Palos the
needle there pointed slightly east of north.
As he moved westward the amount of the
easterly deviation grew gradually less,
till, on September 13, he crossed the so
called agonic line or line of no magnetic
declination or variation. This lay a little
to the west of the Fayal Islands. For a
century or two before Columbus' time,
the needle had pointed approximately to
! the true north, or by only a small amount
east of It. over the entire Mediterranean
region. Where any variation had oc
curred In the needle, the surveyor as
sumed that it was due to some mechanical
defect, and promptly shifted his compass
card. It thus appears that there had been
little occasion to question the trustworth-
mess of the north-seeking needle until
Columbus crossed the agonic line, and a
slight deviation to the westward began.
It has been popularly explained for
years that the needle pointed to a mag
netic pole which has been located at a
spot northwest of Hudson's Bay by
Boothia Felix, but recently scientists have
not been so sure of the fixity of this mag
netic pole. The fluctuations In the needle
from time to time through secular periods,
to say nothing -of the slight variation at
different hours of the day, indicate that
many elements enter Into the reckoning,
and science has by no means settled the
cause and meaning of them all. It is easy
to account for local eccentricities of the
needle by the presence of deposits of iron
or other metals attracting or repelling the
needle, but the theory underlying the
whole thing still remain? much in the
dark.
Just now the work of this Government,
and of most of the others co-operating
with It, is decidedly practical. From a
large number of observations It 16 expect
ed that the reasons for them will event
ually reveal themselves. Our Government
will soon have established four magnetic
observatories, besides many temporary
places known as magnetic stations. The
observatories are situated at Sitka, near
Honolulu, at Baldwin, Kan., and at
Cheltenham, Md., 16 miles from Wash
ington. The Germans have recently
decided to establish a mngnetic observa
tory In the Samoan Islands, and the pres
ent antarctic explorations have a direct
relation to terrestrial magnetism. It la
expected that they will throw some light
upon the magnetic pole at the south,
about which less has been known than
about the one in our hemisphere. Mag
netic observatories have been established
all over the globe, and they will begin
February 1, 1902, to make simultaneous
magnetic observations on certain selected
days, generally the 1st and 15th of each
month, and to continue them for at least
one year. At these observatories, about 40
In number, observations of magnetic va
riations will be recorded continuously by
photographic appliances.
Our Government Is also co-operating
with the land surveyors by Issuing to
them charts from time to time showing
the variations of the compass at all points
throughout the country. The surveyors
In return report to the Government such
discrepancies as they discover, and so
form a useful adjunct to the work of the
regular magnetic parties. The Govern
ment charts take the form of maps over
which lsogonlc lines have been traced con
necting places of equal variation of the
needle on the same principle as- the more
familiar Isothermic lines of the weather
maps; they have to be changed occasion
ally, but not often enough to make intel
ligent surveying very Inaccurate. Tne
conclusion one would reach on looking
over the literature of the magnetic bu
reau Is that the needle Is. of little value,
and that for the obvious convenience In
Its use we pay a large price in trouble
and error. Nevertheless, one of the East
ern States Is still so far behind the -times
as to recognize on Its statute books the
magnetic meridian as the meridian of ref
erence for land surveyors. In many states
no systematic effort has been made to put
its land surveying on a practical and sci
entific basis, so as to save costly and
unnecessary litigation in the future.
The total change between the morning
and afternoon extremes is only about 11
minutes in midsummer, and perhaps half
this amount in midwinter; yet this Is a
quantity which must not be ignored in
precise work. In Germany,, mine survey
ing has been brought to such an. art that
some of the principal mines maintain
small magnetic observatories, where the
declination is recorded continuously
throughout the day by photography. The
mine surveyor then uses the value of the
declination to the nearest minute as pre
vailing at the time of the day when he is
running his line. In land surveying no
attention is commonly paid to this diur
nal variation, although It Is a quantity
that may at times make itself apprecia
bly felt. Magnetic storms may In this
latitude produce variations of from 10 to
-1900
Value
$ 502,674
1,201.141
107.033
141.925
3.S20.002
766.2S6
329.432
387,045
2.316,992
2,013,492
90.494
9,934.613
U7.676
14.149
3.052.786
3.931.759
519.792
1,393.775
227.10S
140.92S
661.567
24.07S
3.919,127
678.925
-IDOL
Value
$ 381.446
S72.925
103.177
151.6S4
897.650
19S.296
619.509
202,714
943,090
65,0S0
50.192
7,753.471
32.357
49.673
2.445.720
3,883,410
405,744
76S.512
21S.561
160.832
797.050
17.635
3.453,445
709.244
Quantities.
13.3S5.022
49,550.140
1.859
60,534
57, iol
12.552
36.8S3.6U
13.460.310
60,733,131
27,196
2,313.231
2S5.3S0
901
955,818
44.267
157,645,742
1S.731.552
37,034.229
3.52S.60S
22,367
9,447
8
378
1.061
Unit of Quantity.
Per cent
decrease.
17.16
7.44
10.7S
20.00
34.78
11.76
12.66
10.00
10.88
.62.33
3.33
12 50
25.70
.90
7.41
12.00
16.00
4.62
16.40
.70
12.82
1900.
303
16 79
17 71
02
023
017
2S 42
02
30 52
22 14
03
016
07
55 75 ,
027
025.
025
065
1901.
$ 251
15 54
15 80
105
015
019
24 82
022
27 20
25 94
029
018
052
55 25
025
022
021
062
55 50
2,201 40
9,136 10
..$
66 39
2.1S9 00
10,480 00
20 minutes of circular measure Other
small spasmodic fluctuations sometimes
occur, more frequently and violently In
years of maximum sun-spot activity. In
November, 1SS2, during a great sun-spot
period, a magnetic storm occurred which
moved the needle at Los Angeles more
than one and one-third degrees out of its
normal place
But It Is the secular variations that
concern the surveyor most Intimately. At
a number of cities, records of the mag
netic declinations for more than three
centuries are on file. London seems to
have been one of the places where the
needle has been most erratic It was
11 degrees east of north In 165S, and 24
degrees west of north In 1812. It Is now
receding towards the true north. In Bal
timore, the needle pointed six degrees and
1 six minutes west In 1670, and In 1S02 was
only 39 minutes west. A street a mile
long laid out by the compass In that city
In, 1670 would have had its north terminus
504 feet too far west in 1802. It is related
that a magnetic party, while establishing
a meridian line for the use of surveyors
at Chestertown. Md., the county seat of
Kent, found that the main street ran
nearly magnetically northwest and south
east. Assuming that the street had been
laid out to run exactly so, it appeared
from old magnetic data that the town
must have been laid out In the early part
of the 18th century. Upon looking up the
records the assumption was found to be
correct. The town had been laid out In
1702.
The historic Mason and Dixon's line
was fortunately run. In 17J56, by the stars
and not by the needle. If, In the year
1S00. it had been run so as to be mag
netically east and west, beginning at the
eastern end, and supposing that the sur
veyor would not have encountered any
areas of peculiar local disturbances, the
boundary line would have thrown. Em
metsburg into Pennsylvania, making a
deviation of two and a half miles. But
w.ere the line to be run under the same
conditions today. It would drop 19 miles
to the south, which would surrender the
richer portion of Allegheny and Garrett
Counties to Pennsylvania, and would cut
Maryland's short western boundary line
In two. This Illustrates the Inaccuracy of
surveying by the uncorrected needle.
Great Fire in a Yucatan Town.
1 MEXICO CITY, Dec 25. Word reaches
IS IT AN EPIDEMIC?
Vital Statistic Show an Alarming:
Increane Jn an Already Prevail
ing: Disease Are Any Exempt f
At no time In the history of disease
has there been such an alarming increase
In the number of cases of any particular
malady as In that of kidney and bladder
troubles now preying upon the people of
this country.
Today we see a relative, a friend or an
acquaintance apparently well, and In a
few days we may be grieved to learn of
their serious Illness or sudden death,
caused by that fatal type of kidney
trouble Bright's disease.
Kidney trouble often becomes ad
vanced into acute stages before the
afflicted is aware of its presence; that Is
why we read of so many sudden deaths
of prominent business and professional
men, physicians and others. They have
neglected to stop the leak in time.
While scientists are puzzling their
brains to find out the cause, each Indi
vidual can, by a little precaution, avoid
the chances of contracting dreaded and
dangerous kidney trouble, or eradicate It
completely from their system if already
afflicted. Many precious lives might have
been, and many more can yet be, saved
by paying attention to the kidneys.
It Is the mission of The Oregonlan to
benefit Its readers at every opportunity,
and therefore we advise all who have
any symptoms of kidney or bladder trou
ble to write today to Dr. Kilmer & Co.,
Blnghamton, N. Y., for a free sample
bottle of Swamp-Root, the celebrated spe
cific which Is having such a great de
mand and remarkable success In the cure
of the most distressing kidney and blad
der troubles. With the sample bottle of
Swamp-Root will also be sent free a
pamphlet and treatise of valuable Information.
here from Merlda, Yucatan, that a great
fire has been raging at Progreso, starting
In the warehouse of Eshanov Bros., and
spreading to the warehouses of Gabriel
Escalante and the consignment shipments
of the Merlda Railway. Some 10,000 bales
of heniquin were exposed to the flames,
and Vt Is believed much of It has been
destroyed. The loss Is estimated at $1,000,
000. JAPAN'S FASHIONABLE WOMEN
In the Smart Set at Toklo Forty
Dresses Suffice for a. Lifetime.
Mrs. Hatoyama, one of the most, culti
vated women of Toklo, is just now re
ceiving her first Impressions of America.
In the most charming and candid way she
confessed the other day some of these Im
pressions, and added a few comparisons
between the women and the customs of
her own country and of this.
She Is the wife of Kazua Hatoyama, a
student of Yale 20 years ago, who has
Journeyed from Toklo, where he Is a pro
fessor In the" Imperial University, to New
Haven for the week of the Yale celebra
tion. They are the guests of Mrs. George
Ladd, who lectured on philosophy two
years ago In Toklo, and to whom 10 other
Japanese guests are coming this week.
Her name Is Haru, which Is "Spring."
Her face is oval and olive, with wide
set, wide-open eyes. Her black hair Is
high on her head, and caught at the side
by the breast of a strange bird fashioned
In a pompon. She is a bit of Buddhaland
which America seldom sees.
"Thirty or forty dresses," she observed,
on being led to speak of her wardrobe,
"are not many for a Japanese lady to
have when you remember they are the
collection of a lifetime, maybe."
"Now, see," she said; "your women have
10, 15 dresses in one year. Next year the
style, you say, all changes. You throw
these away and ask for new. Well, In
Japan we have three five It may be new
In one year, and the next year there Is no
new style. We have then three, five more,
but the first are stllj very nice So for
many years till we have a great number.
all very nice. So we may have 60, 70
dresses, but we have them the way you
have your furniture In your home a piece
and a- piece at a time."
Then she gave a charming glimpse Into
a very American Japanese household
economy.
"And." she said, "these go to the old
est daughter, too. She Is very proud to
have them nicer than her own from the
merchants. In my country your moth
er's dress made into yours Is better to
have than a new one. It Is necessary
only to change them a little, and our
women can do things very well with
their hands. Every Japanese woman
knows how to make her klmona," she
said.
"Dress reform?" repeated Mme. Hato
yama. "I remember. They told me in
Washington how I wear what you say?
dress reform, because I have the high
waist and what is loose. Now they say,
'Will you have dress reform in Japan?'
Now, when we reform our kind of dress
In Japan, It will be to wear shorter
skirts and American waists. When you
reform you wear long, straight skirts and
Japanese waists. I wish I can tell you
which Is the reform."
Mrs. Hatoyama laughed out like a
child at this, and twisted the broad ends
vpf her sash Into gray ropes, and laughed
until she closed her eyes with the mirth
of It.
"All the white things they are almost
American," she said, speaking of lin
gerie, "only we have not the lace and
the ribbon. We have very fine embroid
ery or else no embroidery, and we have
the thin silk. But we have not the lace
all in our stockings like yours. We have
them of silk, that we could draw through
a tiny, tiny ring."
Presently she stood beside her trunk
with her arms filled with shining folds
of yellow.
"Now you will see." she said. "I have
nothing grand as your American dresses
with something that shines sewed all
over them. You all like things that
shine." commented Mrs. Hatoyama,
"Oh, yes," she went on, "we do imi
tate the American ladles. Why may we
not? They are the happiest race of
women in the world, except the how
do you say? secret race who loves
some one very much. They are the only
really happy ones. To be like you Is
why we have a class In Toklo called
It Is a curious name we think, too the
Interrogation Club. We speak only
English only English. Whenever there
Is an English or American lady In Toklo
we can Invite, we do. Then we "
Mrs. Hatoyama stopped and thought
and smiled and turned her head, and
laughed delightedly at last.
"Oh." she cried, "we 'pick her brains.
I read that in your American book your
Emerson on the steamer. I read, your
Longfellow, too," she added, proudly, "on
the steamer, so I would know."
"I belong to very nice clubs," she said,
"In Toklo. We try to make education.
The Woman's Educational Correspond
ence Society," she explained, the long
words falling quaintly and prettily from
her lips, "that Is one And the Woman's
Health Society that Is one. We are all
doing what we can to teach the English
and the American customs. We want
to teach the mothers. In your country
you have to what you say? bring up
your children. In Japan we must bring
up the mothers for a while."
Then she told what she thinks about
the bringing up of children, and It de
veloped that she, who looks like a child,
herself. Is tho mother of two boys.
"In Japan, she said, with, educated
people, the mother studies now. "She stud
ies with her boys. And she does with her
girls, too, among the very educated. She
has them know English.
"But the most we can do Is when they
are little. They are not children long
In Japan. When they are little we show
them only beautiful things you know?
only beautiful th'ngs. Little silk balls,
little carved things of Ivory. Oh, your
children's things how do you say? Toys!
They are In this country so ugly, are
they not? We would be afraid of what
our children would be If we save them
your children's toys!"
The Wheat of Argentine Republic.
Nineteenth Century.
Three great economic developments have
MASTERY OF DISEASE
The Copeland System Now Perfected So That It In
cludes the Treatment and Cure of All Chronic Dis
eases at a Price Within the Reach of the Most
Slender Purse.
$5 a Month-All IMtineS Free$5 a Month
To those unacquainted with the great work carried on at the Copeland Insti
tute the reach .and range of that far-famed medical system and Its admirable
adaptation to the needs of every class of Invalids may be indicated by the diver
sity of disease accepted for expert treatment.
The Copeland system includes catarrh and all catarrhal maladies, the
treatment and cure of deafness, of asthma and bronchitis. Incipient con
sumption, diseases of the nervous system, the stomach, liver and bovrela,
rheumatism, kidney diseases, and all affections of the sUih and blood;
under the nominal assessment of Jf.5 a mouth, including all appliances,
medicines and treatments until cured.
The advanced methods employed In thetreatment of the maladies here enumer
ated are the development of many years' experience in the largest and most di
versified practice ever known, and their success is indelibly written in the multi
tude of recorded cures.
The Proper Cure for Sufferers.
Great numbers of people suffer from the
malign poisons of catarrh, as from other
chronic maladies, without any correct or
definite Idea of the nature of their afflic
tion. The following symptoms have been
carefully arranged to enable many suf
ferers to understand just what It Is that
alls them. Many diseases, known under
various specific names, are really of a
catarrhal origin and nature. Every part
of the mucous membrane, the nose, the
CATARRH OF HEAD AND THROAT
The head and throat become dis
eased from neglected colds, en lim
ine Catarrh vFhen the condition of
the blotd predispose to thlt con
dition. "Is the voice husky?"
"Do you ever spit up slime?"
"Do you ache all over?"
"Do you inure at nlgntV"
"Do you blow out bcaoj?"
"la your none stopped up?"
"Does your nose iliscnarge?"
"Does your nose bleed easily?"
"1 there tlckllnc In the throat?"
"Is this worse toward night?"
"Does the nose Itch and burn?"
"Do you hawk to clear the throat?"
"It there pain across the eyes?"
"Is there pain In front of head?"
"Is your sense ot smell leavlnc?"
"Is the throat dry In the morning 7"
"Are you la?inc your sense of taste?"
"Do you sleep wltn your mouth open?
"Does your nose stop up toward night?
CATARRH OF THE STOMACH.
This condition may resalt from
several causes, but the usual cause
Is catarrh, the mucus dropping
down into the throat and being;
wallowed.
"Is there nausea?"
"Are you costive?"
"1b there vomltlns?"
"Do you belch up gas?"
"Have you waterorash?"
"Are you lightheaded?"
"Is your toncue coated?"
"Do you hawk and spit?"
"Is there pain after eating?"
"Are you nervous and weak?"
"Do you have sick headache?"
"Do you bloat up attet eating?'
"Is mere disgust for breakfast?"
"Have you distress after eating?"
"Is your throat filled with slime?"
"Do you at times have dlairhea?"
"Is there rush of blood to the head?"
"When you get up suddenly are you dizzy?"
"Is there gnawing sensation In stomach?"
"Do you feel as If you had lead In stomach?"
"When stomach Is empty do you feel faint?"
"Do you beich material that burns throat?"
"If stomach Is full do you feel oppressed?"
CATARRH OF BRONCHIAL TUBES.
This condition often results from
caturrh extending: from the head
and throat, and if left unchecked,
extends down the windpipe into the
bronchial tubes, and iu time attacks
the lungu
"Have you a cough?"
"Are you losing tlesh?"
"Do you cough at night?"
"Have you pain In aide?"
"Do you take cold easily?"
"Is your appetite variable?"
"Have you stitches In side?"
"Do you cough until you gag?"
"Are you low-splrlted at times?"
"Do you raise frothy material?"
"Do you spit up yellow matter?"
"Do you cough on going to bed?"
"Do you cough in the mornings?"
"Is your cough short and hacking?"
"Do you spit up little cheesy lumps?'
"Have you t disgust for fatty foods V
"Is there" tickling behind the palate?"
"Have you pain behind breastbone?"
"Do you feel you are growing weaker?"
"Is there a burning pain in the throat?"
"Do you cough worse night and morning?"
"Do you have to sit up at night to get
breath?"
HOME TREATMENT You can be cured by the Copeland Physicians
right In your own home under their perfect system of mail treatment.
Write for Information and Home Treatment Symptom Blank.
The COPELAND MEDICAL INSTITUTE
The Dekura, Third and Washington
IV. II. COPELAND, M. D.
OFFICE HOURS From O A. M. to 12EVEXIXGS Tnesdays and Fridays.
XL., from 1 to 5 P. 31. SUNDAYS From 10 A. M. to 12 M.
SPECIAL NOTICE Office Hours New Year's
From 9 A. M. to 12 M.
taken place In Argentina during the last
few years, which are largely responsible
for the increase of Its wealth. The first
Is the enormous Increase In the cultiva
tion and export of wheat. It Is difficult
to believe that 20 years ago the country
did not produce cnougTi of this cereal for
lt3 own consumption, and that It actually
Imported in 1SS0 177.000 tons. In 1S93 It
exported 1.090,000 tons, and In 1SS9 2.273,000
tons, and the cultivation now extends to
8,500,000 acres. It Is estimated that at
least 20 times this area Is suitable for the
cultivation of wheat. The second Is the
great extension of the valuable alfalfa
grass, or lucerne. The value of this prod
uct has only been generally recognized
during the last 12 or 15 years. It has
been found that where there is water
from Ave to 10 meters below the surface,
as is the case over very large areas of
the Provinces of Buenos Ayres and Cor
doba, this plant sends down its rooty,
often as thick as one's arm, and draws
from It moisture, which makes the alfal
fa Independent to a great extent of rain
on the surface. Under these favorable
conditions the plant becomes perennial.
Even after long drouths it remains green.
It produces four or five and often more
full crops in the year. In the Winder It
dies down and another natural grass takes
Its place, so that there is always feed.
A field In alfalfa carries four or five times
more cattle and sheep than when in nat
ural grass, and the cattle are double in
weight. For the most part cattle and
sheep, or even pigs, are turned Into the
alfalfa to feed and fatten upon It. In
such case a part of the field Is left In
the natural grass, as the alfalfa Is too
moist for cattle to lie on. They feed on
the alfalfa and then repose on the dryer
natural grass. Fifteen years ago the area
laid down with this plant was Inconsid
erable. In 1S91 there were 1.500.000 acres
of It, and in 1S93 3,000.000 acres.
Exaction on Tourintft.
NEW YORK, Dec. 25. The exactions on
tourists arriving at the port of New York
will, it Is said, be made more stringent,
and tourists arriving In this country will
be called upon In future to pay full duty
on all extra wearing apparel as well as
on everything else not on the free list.
In other words, according to a customs
official, "tourists will not be favored at
the expense of Importers,"
throat, eyes, ears. head, lungs, stomach,
liver, bowels, kidneys and bladder, are
subject to disease and blight by catarrh.
The proper course for sufferers is this:
Read these symptoms carefully over,
mark those that apply to your case and
! bring this with you to Drs. Copeland and
j Montgomery. If you live away from the
I city, send them by mail, and ask for
mall treatment. In either instance, and
whether by mail or office treatment, tho
patient may be assured of the speediest
relief and cure possible to medical science.
I SYMPTOMS OF EAR TROUBLES.
Deafness and car troubles result
from catarrh ia.NsliiK ulonc the Eu
stachian tube that leads from Ui
throat to the ear.
"Is your hearing falling?"
"Do your ear dlscnarge?"
"Do your ears itch anu burn?"
"Are the ears dry anu scaiy?"
"Have you pah. behind the ears?"
"li there throbbing In the ears?"
"Is there a buzzing M)und heara-?"
"Do you have a rinsing in tne ears?"
"Are there crackling ound, heard?"
"Is your hearing bad cloudy days?"
"Do you have earache occasionally?"
"Are there sounds like steam escaping?"
"Do your ears hurt wheu you blow your
nose?"
"Do you constantly hear noises in the ears?"
"Do you hear better some days than others?
"Do the noises In your ears keep you
awake?"
"Wi.en you blow your nose do the ears
crack?"
"Is hearing worse when you have a cold?"
"la roaring like a waterfall In the head?"
CATARRh OF THE LIVER.
The liver becomes diseased by ra
ta rrli extending from the stomach
into the tubes of the liver.
"Are you Irritable?"
"Are ou nervous?"
"Do you get dizzy?"
"Have you no energy?"
"Do you have cold tcet?"
"Do you feel miserable?"
"Is youi memory pourr
"Do you get tired easily?"
"Do you have hot flushes?"
"Is your eyesight blurred?"
"Have you pain In tne back?"
"la your flesh soft aud flabby?"
"Are your spirits low at tur.es?"
"Is there bloating after eating?"
"Have you pain around the loins?"
"Do you nave gurgling in bowels?"
"Do you have rumbling bowels?"
"Is there throbbing in the stomach?"
"Do you have a sense of heat in bowels?"
"Do you suffer from pains In temples?"
"Do you have a palpitation of the heart?"
"Is there a general feeling of lassitude?"
"Do these feelings affect your memory?"
CATARRH OF THE KIDNEYS.
This condition results either from
colds or front overwork of the kitf
neys in separating from the blood
the poisons that have been absorbed
from catnrrh.
"Is the skin pale and dry?"
"Is your hair getting gray?"
"Has the skin a waxy look?"
"Is the hair dry and brittle?"
"Is tho skin dry and harsh?"
"Do the legs feel too heavy?"
"Is there nausea after eating?"
"Dc the Joints pain and ache?"
"la the urine dark and cloudy?"
"Are the eyes dull a..d staring?"
"Is there pain In small of back?"
"Do your b:nds and feet swell?"
"Are they cold and clammy?"
"Have you pain in top of head?"
"Has the perspiration a bad odor?"
"Is there pulliness under the eyes?"
"Is there a bad taste In the mouth?"
"Is there a desire to get up at night?"
"Are there dark rings around the eyes?"
"Do you seo spots floating before the eye3?"
"Have you chilly feelings down the back?"
T you see unpleasant things while asleep?"
"Does a deposit form when left standing?"
J. II. MONTGOMERY. M. D.
Ha3 been responsible for much of human
mortality. Men and women die by thou
sands in an Indian famine, not
because of lack of food but be
cause caste superstition prevents
them from accepting it. Even
in America there are still to be
found those who believe that healing
herbs lack virtue unless gathered during
certain phases of the moon.
The great foe o.f superstition is science.
Every year science increases the terri
tory of the natural at the
expense of the super
natural. Doctor Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery
achieves its successful
cures because it is a
scientific preparation orig
inated by a scientific man.
It cures diseases of the
stomach and other organs of digestion
and nutrition, purifies the blood and
establishes the body in sound health.
As the writer of the following letter
says, "It is the best thing for nervous
ness and for a weak run-down condition
that anybody would want. It gives a
person new life and new blood."
"Golden Medical Discovery" contains
no alcohol and is free from opium, co
caine arid other narcotics.
"I must again send afew lines to you to let
you know how I am :ettin; along since taking
the wonderful medicine which cured me two
years ago." writes Mjss Bertha.
I is" EJ)t,er. ot 16 Benton Street,
si. i.uuis, .wo. "i still continue
in very good health and think
there is not a better medicine on
earth than Dr. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery. It is the best
thing for nervousness and for a
weaic. run-down condition, that
anybody would want. It gives a
person new life and new blood.
I can now work all dav long
without feeling the least bit tirecL
I was verv nervous and weak last summer. I
took five bottles of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery and it just made me feel like a new
person.1
. Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets stimulate
I the liver.
sursnfiiM'
M
Mm
S