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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 3, 1901)
'i!HiS MutiVlJS UitEtfOWJLAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1901. he ($rgoraak Enteretl fct thr Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance Daily. Snnday excepted, per year.... Dally, with Sunday, per year no o oo 2 00 Sunday, per year - Vo The Weekly, per year x ;" The weekly. 3 months - To City Subscribers . . .- Dally. per week, delivered. Sundays excepted.lDo Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays. lncluded.-Oo POSTAGE RATES. United States Canada and Mexico: 10 to 14-page paper .Jc 14 to 28-page paper .............. .-c Foreign rates double. News nr discussion Intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed in-aria-bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscription or to any "business matter should be addressed elmply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does? not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscript sent to It without solici tation. Xo stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Eastern Business Office. 43. 44. 45. 47, 4S- "J9 Tribune building. New Tork City: 4C0 "The Rookery." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth special agency, Enstrn representative. For sale In San Francisco WI. E. Lee. Pjd ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 220 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 100S Market street; J. K. Cooper Co.. 71C Market street, near the Palaco Hotel; Fester & Orear. Ferry news land. For sale In Los Angeles by B. V. Gardner. 259 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 100 So. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P-r O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1C1 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake ews Co., 77 "W. Second South street. For sale in Ogden by W. C. Kind. 204 Twenty-fifth street, and by C. H. Myers. On file in the Oregon exhibit at the exposi tion. Charleston, S. C For sale in Washington. D. C, by the Ebbett House news stand. For sale in Denver. Colo, by Hamilton & Kendrick, 000-012 Seventeenth street. TODAY'S WEATHER Occasional rain, with southerly winds. TESTERDAT'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature. 01; minimum temperature, 4S; pre cipitation. 0.35 Inch. PORTLAND, TUESDAY, DECEMBER, g. "WHAT IS RECIPROCITY? Doubtless much of the difficulty un der which tariff discussion, as other discussions, labors, could be removed by clear understanding of terms. Re garding reciprocity in particular, for ex ample, nearly everybody who is for it or against It has his own peculiar defi nition. Thus, the December Forum is adorned with an article from Mr. E. J. Gibson, the Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Press, who quotes approvingly the editor of the Press, now Postmaster-General, to this effect: The principle, rightly understood, is axiom atic. Brazil grows coffco and makes no ma chinery. We make machinery and grow no coffee. Sho needs the fabrics of our forges and factories, and we need the fruit of her tropical soil. Wo agree to concessions for her coffee, and she agrees to concessions for our machinery. That is reciprocity. Well, we give Brazil, as we give all the world, free trade in coffee,' and she makes no concessions at all on our ma chinery. Mr. Gibson thinks we ought to clap a duty on coffee so we shall have something to trade on. Never mind the few trusts that drink coffee. so we protect the millions that make harvesters. Our reclpocity commissioner, Mr. Kasson, has a view of his staple com modity that is at variance with the Philadelphia platform. He believes that reciprocity means making sacrifices in return for reciprocal sacrifices. Lower our rates on competitive products In return for lower rates abroad on com petitive products. But the Philadel phia Idea, rapidly coming to the front, is that reciprocity means giving noth ing for something. Get all the conces sions you can from abroad, but don't yield any at home. Open our ports to things we don't produce, but make Eu rope open ita ports to things from here that compete with their own produc tions. Mr. Kasson says if this is to be the rule, his occupation is gone, and doubtless he is right. We commend Mr. Gibson's article to all who are interested in following in detail the menace carried by pending treaties to various home manufactures, as they have been shown up the past year In these columns. There its value end, for besides its chimerical esti mate of reciprocity as a working the ory, its thought is crooked throughout. For example, he contrasts 1892 with 1896 as showing the McKlnley law's su periority over the Wilson law, regard- less of the general conditions of trade. To the Wilson law, rather than to sll verlsm, he recklessly attributes the "large decrease in home consumption as a result of the closing of mills and the enforced idleness of an army of workmen." Another entertaining aspect in which Mr. Gibson disports himself Is his an tipathy to such countries as sell much and buy little. This is a favorite com plaint in the mouths of those who look proudly forward to the day when the United States shall sell everything and buy nothing. There is poor, little Ha waii Under our reciprocity treaty with it "the Imports from Hawaii were sev eral times greater than the exports to that country." That's so. Hawaii is guilty. She is still selling more than Bhe buys. She owes everybody for everything on the Islands, and is trying to pay her debts in honest goods. We are doing the same on a large scale, and thus reducing our debt to Europe. Hawaii buys say $13,000,000 worth of goods a year, and sells say $20,000,000. That Is the best she can do. Nine tenths of her trade, import as well as export, Is done with the United States. Mr. Gibson's article will be painful reading to the Iron and steel, implement and locomotive men, In whose behalf the French and Argentine treaties are drawn up, and it will seem true as gos pel to the cotton, silk and jewelrj' manufacturers, whom those treaties menace. Between these two outfits of predators' statesmen, public opinion might find a safe and intermediate ground. Cut off unnecessary taxes, both internal revenue and customs, and give business a chance. Let us have a reciprocity proposal, If we can, from some one who proposes concessions on his own rather than on his neighbor's wares. The determination to erect a soldiers' monument at Lone Fir cemetery in honor of the dead of all of our wars who are there Interred is a most worthy one. Long before the war that called the soldiers of the Second Oregon to the Philippines and returned a num ber of their bodies to the state that sent them out, many soldiers of other wars had found sepulture in Lone Fir cemetery. Nearer events are apt to obscure those of similar character of earlier date; hence the possibility of forgetting the service given to their country by the soldiers of the Mexican, Civil and Indian Wars, who had fought the cood fight and passed on before the Spanish War called men Into action. To avert this possibility and give im partially the names of soldiers who have here died and been burled to en during granite is the purpose of this Soldiers' Monument Association that will a few months hence ask this public for funds to erect a suitable monument to the soldiers who sleep their last sleep In Lone Fir cemetery. The plans of the association are not extravagant. Neither are they parsimonious. The object Is to erect a suitable and sub stantial monument to the soldiers who are there entombed, which will not only add to the attractiveness of the ceme tery when it becomes a well-kept park, but will commemorate the patriotism of men who performed well their part In the great drama of war In which they were active participants. Sub scriptions to this monument fund will not be asked before February, at which time an active canvass will be -opened. JUSTICE IX HARD LINES. The effect of the Philippines decision is profound, but not more impressive than is the reappearance of the per sonal element in Judges, upon which the most momentous problems precari ously hang. In the De Lima case, de cided against the Government, 'the court .stood: Brown Ehlras Fuller White Harlan Gray Peckham McKenna. Brewer In the Downes case, decided In favor of the Government, the court stood: Brown Fuller Shiras Harlan White Teckham Gray Brewer McKenna In the case decided yesterday, against the Government, the court stood: Brown Shiras Fuller Whlto Harlan Gray Peckham McKenna Brewer Whatever we think of the decisions, it is a most impressive exhibit In the actual workings of jurisprudence that eight of the Judges have ranged them selves changelessly on one or the other side of this question, and that the Issues have been adjudicated upon the varia tions of one man, who alone among the nine seems capable of differentiating the cases, whether he does it from sound reason or from caprice. The" second Dooley case emphasizes this disquieting aspect of the decisions. It will be remembered that In the cases decided last May different Judges reached similar conclusions by different courses of reasoning. So they do now. For while the Judges who are uniform ly against the Government oppose the duty collected in this second Dooley case on the ground that It is an export duty, Justice Brown, who turns the scale against them, declares the decision does not affect the question of export dutlea A very useful service Is rendered by Chief Justice Fuller in correcting the popular suspicion that the De Lima and Downes decisions were contradictory. What he says concerning that is worth repeating. In the De Lima case It was decided that an act previously drawn in application to foreign countries was not applicable to Porto Rico after ces sion to us, and In the Downes case it was decided that a certain particular act in respect to a specific country was. valid. There Is a distinction here which none can deny, however it may be mis construed or disliked. With the memory of the Income tax ups and downs in the Supreme Court fresh In mind, these fluctuations over perhaps the most momentous decisions of thirty years are, as we eay. Impres sive and disquieting. It is unfortunate, for such effect upon intelligent opinion as a unanimous verdict would bring in settlement and general acquiescence may as well be despaired of. Eminent lawyers will fill the reviews with skill fully drawn opinions that the Supreme Court Is in error. One might almost be pardoned the venture that Justice is not so much blind as she is cross-eyed. LABOR. AND TIIE LAW. A notable fact Is the formation of a new central body In the building trades of New York City to supplant the pres ent 'board of walking delegates and building trades council, which will, in consequence, be dissolved, since nearly all the affiliated unions which created them have now joined the new body, which Is said to represent 65,000 work ers, and all the separate unions will be asked to affiliate with the central fed erated union. The purpose of the new organization is to take every means to substitute arbitration for the strike, which has so often proved a most dis astrous and mischievous means of ar riving at the settlement of difficulties between labor and capital. In this tendency of the most thoughtful lead ers of labor to order no strike until all efforts at arbitration have been ex hausted lies the best hope of industrial peace under Justice for the future. The latest report of the workings of the compulsory arbitration act in New Zea land shows that under it the awards have generally been in favor of the workmen; that the unionists to a man believe in it and the non-unionists find no fault with it It has proved benefi cial to both employers and employed. T"he act has prevented strikes of any magnitude, and has brought about a better relation between employer and employed than would exist if there were no arbitration act. Employers by a very large majority favor the princi ple of the act, which enables them to know the conditions of production and to make contracts that they are certain to be able to fulfill. So remarkably successful has compulsory arbitration proved in New Zealand that a compul sory arbitration act was passed recently by the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales. This act Is identical with that or New Zealand, saving that it omiii) the boards of conciliation, thus bringing disputes directly before the arbitration board. The whole system of compulsory arbitration is based upon the recognition of associations of work men, and the ablest leaders of labor reform have always insisted that the greater the recognition accorded to the trade-unions the easier it will be to rec oncile the differences between labor and capital. Up to 1824 the workmen had no stand ing In the eyes of the law in England, and it was not until the passage of the trade-union acts of 1871 "and 1876 and the conspiracy and protection of prop erty act of 1875 that the equality of labor was recognized by the British Parliament. In 1897, on appeal to the House of Lords, that body decided that a trades-union could legally hold over an employer the threat of a strike un less men obnoxious to it were dis charged. It gave the workmen a pow- erful weapon, but the employers were quick to see that if the law permitted officials or members of trades-unions to threaten non-nnlonlsts or others with loss of employment, or to threaten em ployers with a strike unless they dis charged the objectionable men, by the same reasoning employers could legally refuse to employ members of a trades union In case of molestation of non unionists by their fellow-workmen. In other words, both threats to strike and threats to lock out had been legalized and the threat might be converted into an act without fear of legal punish ment. A railway company In England last year applied for an Injunction against a powerful railway labor union, to re strain two of Its officers from watching or besetting the property of the railway company, the residences of their work men, and from inducing any persons to violate their contracts with the com pany. The labor union opposed the granting of the writ of injunction on the ground that the society, being' neither a corporation nor an individual, could not be sued in quasi-corporate or any other capacity. The Judge held that a trade-union was a corporate body, and, as such, qualified to sue or be sued, and granted the injunction. On appeal the House of Lords sustained the original decision of the court that a union was a legal entity capable of suing and being sued. This decision in effect was that trade-unions were responsible for the acts of their members, and that, being legally responsible, they became civilly liable for damages in case an injury was done by a member. The average workman has no money to pay a judg ment of damages against him, but many of the unions have large funds to their credit. So the English railroad company has entered suit against the labor union for 20,000 damages. If this suit should be decided against the English railway labor union, it will lead to a complete change in the man agement of labor unions, and they will probably appeal to Parliament for a modification of the law under which they have legal existence. ONE-MAN POWER. In the long run the people get their will. Everybody understands that ex cept the Populists. Yet sometimes the process is exasperatlngly delayed. Few, for example, would oppose removal of the duty on Iron and steel, if left to vote; but as it is the thing Is practi cally blocked by one man. Mr. Aldrlch, of Rhode Island, who represents about as many people as does Senator Tur ner, of Washington, doesn't think well of tariff reform. So the House may pass a bill, but It will be referred to the Senate finance committee, which Aldrich dominates, and there it will sleep. Nobody can get it out The people may arise in their might. declare for so-and-so in stentorian tones, but what they will get they don't know till they have heard from Chairman Aldrlch and Speaker Hender son. In the Republican caucus Satur day, Hepburn offered a protest against the difficulty in the House. In the last Congress he had heard a call from the people for the Nicaragua Canal. But Cannon had the floor, and with Hopkins in the chair they cut him out. He got mad and called Cannon a liar, or vice versa, but they shut him out. The peo ple wanted the canal, but Hopkins didn't. And only forty-ono Representa tives voted In the caucus to circum scribe the power of the presiding officer. The rivers and harbors of the country need improvement, and they would have had It from the last Congress, but for the fact that Carter of Montana opposed It Here In this latest decision of the Supreme-Court en the dependen cies one man has done the business. The same old umpire. Justice Brown, has settled the tariff status of the Philippines, and upon his s'Ingle choice depends the disposition of millions of money and the future of millions of people. One-man power is all right If it Is on your side. Otherwise It is a dangerous menace to several. palladiums of our liberties. THE OREGON TRAIL. In the December Century Emerson Hough has a most admirable article oa "The Settlement of the West," and in his study of the old-time methods of commercial transportation, which were resorted to before the railroads had penetrated the great mining states, in cidentally refers to the transportation line by pack train which extended from Portland, Or., and Walla Walla to Idaho and Montana. The "pack train line of transportation grew out of the necessity of provisioning the new popu lation of mining camps in the moun tains separated by long gaps from their base of supplies. The pack-horse idea was in its perfection the product of the Spanish Southwest Mr. Hough says that the pack trains made new. cities. Florence, Walla Walla, Portland, sent out long trains of laden mules and horses. The pack train was as common and as useful as the stage -line in de veloping the Black Hills region, and many another still less accessible. A horse or mule would carry from 200 to 300 pounds of freight, a burro from 100 to 200 pounds, and the price for packing varied from 5 to 10 cents per pound per hundred miles of distance, often very much more. A mule or burro would earn Its own cost in a single trip, for there were occasions when the pack-master charged as much as SO cents a pound from the railroad or supply points to the camps In the more remote placer districts. A very usual price for sugar In a mining camp was 35 to 50 cents a pound. As late as 1875 potatoes in some mining camps sold for 25 cents a pound. A good pack-master would undertake to transport any article that might be de manded at the end of his route. Much heavy mining machinery was packed Into the mountains, as well as cook stoves and the" like. A piano went into the earliest of the Coeur d'Alene mining camps, more than a score of years ago, packed on four mules. Packages of glassware, cases of eggs, etc., generally made the long and rough Journeys in safety. The hardest article to pack In the mountains was quicksilver shipped in iron flasks, weighing each about ninety pounds. Wood, hay, stoves, trunks, were common articles of trans port in the mountains. Such a train might comprise a hun dred horsea The one that accompa nied President Arthur and his party when he visited the Yellowstone coun try Included more than 400 animals and a cook stove of considerable size was one of the articles taken along from day to day by the pack mules. Oxen wsre often used as pack animals, the burden frequently being lashed to the horns. The supplies were brought Into the mining camps of Montana by three different routes, viz.: The overland route from Omaha or St. Joseph, Mo., by wa7 of Denver and Salt Lake, a distance of 1300 miles; from St Louis, by way of the Missouri River to Fort Benton, and by pack train from Portland or Walla Walla, crossing the Coeur d'Alenes and the main range of the Rockies, and coming over the Bitter Root Valley. "The pack train was al ways a lively feature In the gigantic mountain scenery of Oregon and Ida ho," says Mr. Hough; "the arrival of one of these large pack trains in a min ing camp produced greater excitement than any other event and the calcula tion upon their departure from the Co lumbia and their appearance In the In terior towns was made and anticipated, with nearly as much certainty as if they were governed by a published timetable." -The prices for merchandise were extraordinary In those days, be cause of the difficulties and dangers of the early transportation. Coal oil sold at Virginia City, Mont, in January, 1865, at $9 per gallon In gold, with greenbacks at 45 cents, making $20 a gallon in greenbacks at wholesale. The Montana Post of April 22, 1865. quoted flour at $S5 per sack of 100 pounds, and stated that within a few hundred mile3 It had sold for $5 a pound. On April 29, 1865, potatoes were worth 40 to 50 cents per pound, gold. A bushel (sev enty pounds) cost $38 in greenbacka On May 6 several large loads arrived, so that potatoes dropped off In price in one day $4 In greenbacks a bushel. Living expenses were governed by transportation. A gentleman who lived In one of the early mining communities of Montana writes Mr. Hough that "we were cut off from all mail facilities with the States from July, 1862, until the Spring of 1SC3, the most fateful battle year of the Civil War, and yet we were as Ignorant of the progress of this battle for National life as the ne groes of Central Africa." These were days when the only line of transporta tion to many remote mountain mining camps was by the pack train, which started at Portland, Or., and crossed the Rocky Mountains to Idaho and Montana. So great were the perils of the Journey that its completion has been described as "an escape from death." Mr. Courtney, a distinguished English political economist in a recent public address expressed gloomy views con cerning England's future commercial prosperity. England's industrial lead ership was due to the fact that she had cheap coal and iron in abundance when the age of steam came on, and also plenty of capital and a skilled popula tion to turn her natural resources Into commodities so cheaply that she was able to undersell the world. But today the supremacy in ccal and rron is de parted from England. The United States and Germany both lead Great Britain In population, and Mr. Court ney, with respect to capital, concludes that Britain's supremacy over America is going, if It has not already gone. Mr. Courtney sees no remedy for Brit ain's decline to a subordinate commer cial position in the future compared with the United States and Germany. Yesterday's decisions seem to settle very little finally. There Is nothing In them to prevent a Foraker act being passed and cus'tained, as was done with Porto Rico. Furthermore, If the Philip pines are United States territory for tariff purposes, how can the Philippine Commission modify the DIngley rates on imports thither from foreign coun tries? It Is to be hoped the decision in the diamond rings case lays "down the ultimate procedure. Fiee trade for Phil ippine imports would be a great boon to trans-Pacific trade, and the lower the duties at Manila the sooner It will take Its place as. another Hong Kong.. Spain's preferential privilege under the treaty of Paris was a transparent mis take, but that nation's trade is less and less significant there as elsewhere every year. i The Empress Dowager of China at last shows signs of old age. The court which fled from Pekln in the panic of last year has been struggling mightily for some weeks to get back Into Its old quarters in the Forbidden City, covering by a -toilsome march of weeks a dis tance that an American railroad train would make In a few days. And now the news comes that the old Empress has been "overcome by fatigue" and a halt of a week has been called to allow her to recuperate. This is, all things considered, the most hopeful news that has been received from China for many months, since It Indicates the probabil ity that some time In the not distant future the reign of Tsi An may, from natural causes, come to an end. The Charleston Exposition was for mally opened yesterday, the attendnnt ceremonies being interesting and In a degree impressive. The time of year is exceedingly favorable to an Influx of Northern visitors, hence It Is probable that the exposition will be a financial success. As an exhibit It will contain many features peculiar to the South, its history and Industrial growth, and In this sense It will be unique. The Oregon- representatives, who made such a fine showing for the state at Buffalo, are In Charleston, and In due time will report progress looking to a repetition of the state's triumph at the former city. Before the Spanish War the Philip pine Islands were under the sover eignty of Spain. As a result of that war the sovereignty passed over to the United States. But we have four Jus tices, sitting In the Supreme Court of the United States, who haven't heard the news. They Imagine these islands are foreign territory. The flag of the United States seems, however, to be there, and It has been there nearly four years. It takes some of our fellow-citizens, even of those who Bit In high places, a long time to And things out For the little that they amount to in the world, the Spanish Princes are ush ered Into it with what seems undue pomp and circumstance. When the newly bom son of the Princess of the Asturias was passed round en a sliver tray for inspection by the court digni taries assembled in his mother's bed chamber. It is to be hoped that he screamed lustily at the indignity put upon' his mother and himself, giving thus a genuine touch of Nature to the otherwise unnatural proceedings. Some of our brethren of Eastern Ore gon are complaining that their section of the state has none of the state's patronage. It hasn't? It has the scalp bounty law, which gives It more state money than any other section of the state receives, and It's all net gain. NEW MEN IN CONGRESS. Chicago Evening Post Washington There are SS new members in tho House of the 57th Congress. This Is a considerable percentage of the total membership of SSff, but the prospect is that tho reins of government, to a great extent, will remain in the same hands. Speaker Henderson will be re-elected, and it is expected that -ho will make no changes in Important chairmanships. Illinois will, therefore, retain her three star commit tees appropriations, foreign affairs and naval affairs, led by Representatives Can non, HItt and Foss, respectively. The defeat of General Marsh, who was chair man of tho committee on militia, made a vacancy, and Speaker Henderson has not Indicated whether he intends to name another Illinois man for the place or not If he should consent to give this post to tho Illinois delegation. It will go to either Representative Boutell, .Mann, Reeves, Warren, Graff, Smith or Prince, each ot whom, has served a sufficient length of time to entitle him to a chairmanship. There are six new Congressmen from Illinois, and all are Democrats. They are John J. Feeley, who succeeds William Lorlmer; James McAndrews, who takes Thomas Cusack's place; William E. Ma hony, who fell heir' to Edward T. Noo nan's seat after a hard fight, all of whom hall from Cook County, while out in the state the newcomers are J. Ross Mickey, who beat General Marsh; Thomas J. Selby. who succeeds William E. Williams, and Frederick J. Kern, who defeated Will lam A. Rodenberg, the present Civil Ser vice Commissioner. Screno E. Payne, of New York, Is elated for reappointment as chairman of the ways and means committee, the leading position in the House, aside from the Speakership. A. J. Hopkins expects to be Illinois' representative on this com mittee. He ranks third, being superseded only by the chairman and Dalzell, of Pennsylvania. There has been talk of in creasing the membership of the ways and means committee, but the only founda tion for the report seems to be tho con suming desire of certain members to en roll their names on the list The assertion has been made that Babeock, ot Wiscon sin, would be dropped from the commit tee as a punishment for his determined effort to reduce tlvs tariff on steel, but it is not likely such "rough work" would bo resorted to in order to bottle up the re lentless revisionist. There are more dip lomatic ways of tying his hands. Grosvenor of Ohio expects to be chair man of merchant marine and fisheries, so he can lend a friendly hand to the ship- subsidy bill. Burton, of the same states, hopes to again be chairman of rivers and harbors, while Cooper, of Wisconsin, Is slated for his former place as head of Insular affairs. Ray of New York, and Hull of Iowa expect to be reappointed chairmen of the committees on judiciary and military affairs, respectively. Of the 8S new members, 45 are Republi cans and 42 are Democrats and Fuslonlsts. The Republicans have materially In creased their majority of 18 In the last House, and, unless the tariff Issue results In serious dissensions, the party will have little trouble with the minority. Richard son, of Tennessee, is looked upon as the Democratic leader. This will be his ninth term In Congress. His principal duty, ns a party leader, will be to keep cases on the Republican majority and make note of all Its errors for use In the campaigns of 1S02 and 1304. "Profit by the blunders of the opposition" seems to be the policy of the Democrats Just now. It is not a very inspiriting motto, but Is considered the most available the party "has In stock. ROOSEVELT'S PERSONALITY. Incident in the Formation of the Ronrb. Rider Regiment. "Tho personality of President Roose velt" Is analyzed In the December Cen tury by one who knows him well: "He Is a kind-hearted man, yet a rigid disciplinarian, and will demand a faith ful and efficient discharge of public du ties by public officials. I happened to be present when graduates of Harvard and other universities, and Western min ing engineers, to the number of 30 or 40, collected In the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy to bo enlisted In the 'Rough Rider' regiment. Mr. Roose velt stood In front of his desk, whllo these earnest, manly young fellows stood ranged around three sides of his office. Addressing them In his peculiarly quick, earnest manner, to the effect that they must not underestimate the dangers or difficulties they would encounter, he told them that it would probably be the rough est experience that they ever had, and he wished them to understand that after once being sworn In they must take whatever came without grumbling. 'Positively, gen tlemen, said he, I will have no squeal ing'; and he urged them. If any of them thought they could not endure the great est hardships, to withdraw before It was too late. "Then, turning to a pile of volumes of mounted-Infantry tactics, he said: I will remain behind a few days and hurry for ward the equipments. You, gentlemen, hurry to San Antonio, and If you do your part toward getting the men In order and licking them Into shape, I promise to get you into the fight There are not enough tactics to go around, but I will distribute these, and you must read and study them on the cars.' Calling out their names, he hurled the books at the men so fast that several would be In the air at once. the men catching them on the fly. I could see In their faces that every one of them was ready to follow him to the death. "Out of the clouds of misconception and the false Impressions thrown about this picturesque figure by tho cartoonists and the paragraphers, more Interested In sen sationalism than In reality, there sudden ly emerges this intensely earnest, force ful, brave, patriotic, humanity-loving, broadmlndcd, nonsectlonal American, this practical Idealist, to become the youngest ruler of the greatest country In the world." HE SPOKE TOO LATE- What Becnme of n Bottle of Medici nal Firewater. London Spare Moments. The minister ot a Scotch parish had a great wish that an old couple should be come teetotalers, but they were In no wise eager to comply. After much press ing, however, they consented to try the experiment but laying down as a condi tion that they should be allowed to keep a bottle of "Auld Kirk" for medicinal pur poses. About a fortnight after, John began to feel his resolution weakening, but he was determined not to be the first to give way. In another week, however, ho collapsed entirely. "Jenny, woman," he raid, "I've an awfu' pain In my head. Ye mlcht gle me a wee drapple an see gin It'll dae me ony guld." "Weel, guldman," she replied, "ye're owre late o askln', for ever sin' that bot tle cam' into the hoose Vve been bothered sao wl' pains 1' my held 'tis a dune, an' there's nae drapple left" Portland's Interests. Walla Walla Union. The Portland Chamber of Commerce has issued a neat pamphlet pointing out the needs of Portland and its tributary ter ritory. Of course, first of all It wants a deep channel to the sea, and the open ing of the Columbia to navigation. On that point there are few who will dis agree with the Chamber of Commerce. It Is no more than right that Congress should make a liberal appropriation for river and harbor work In the Pacific Northwest and open to the commerce of the Inland Empire the great stream which at present Is only navigable part of the distance. Regarding the deep channel to the sea it Is sufficient to say this Is large ly In Portland's Interests. But the spirit displayed by the Chamber of Commerce Is worthy of commendation. Were other towns as enterprising and as alert to their own Interests thero would be more local Industries and more money put into circulation. AMUSEMENTS. With two such plays as "Shore Acres" and "Sag Harbor" to keep It green, there is little likelihood that the memory of James A. Heme will ever fade. Mr. Heme is here no longer to enact the quaint old realities which have made his plays so wonderful, but he created such an atmosphere of naturalness around them that It Is hardly possible for a com pany to play them without catching their spirit, and so thoroughly did the company which played "Shore Acres" at the Mar quam last night enter Into It that the presence of Heme himself could have hardly Improved the performance. A good many people who go to the theater regularly and think they know a good deal about such things will not quarrel with the assertion that "Shore Acres" Is the greatest American play. Certainly no one will dispute the state ment that It Is Mr. Homo's greatest work. and Mr. Heme was without doubt tho most original of American dramatists. The quiet surroundings of the farm, the delightfully humorous cooking of the sil ver wedding dinner, and the joyous home coming in the last act are but incidental to tho strong drama that is being en acted through them all, but they are essential to the very strength of the drama, and It Is these that proved Mr. Heme to be a genius. But a word here and there tells a story, a look Is worth a dozen lines In an ordinary play, and the best thing In the whole drama is the two minutes before the last curtain, when Uncle Nat Is on the stage all alone, and says never a word. But the play is al ready too well known to need eulogy, and as long as It is presented by so good a company as that which appeared in It last night It will never need to be laid on the shelf. James T. Galloway as Uncle Nat. has, of course, the most difficult part, and his actlnjr could hardly be im proved upon. In every word and action he Is the warmhearted old man that Heme meant Nat to be, and he gives to the part a character and charm that ei'en Heme himself did not surpass. Martin Berry, who Is as nearly a bad man as Heme ever drew. Is well played by At kins Lawrence, and Charles E. Fisher makes a hit on hl3 own account as Joel Gates, the grass widower, whose pathetic story the playwright tells with two Hne3 and a silent little midget of a girl. Wil liam H. Burton, as Blake, is a typical village "sharp" storekeeper, and Burt Flansbaugh answers the requirements of Sam Warren. Belle Theodore docs an excellent bit of character work as Mrs. Berry, and Ma rlon Cullen as Helen is admirable. Sadie Cullcn Is a pretty "hired girl." and the rest of the company, which Is very large, are all good. The play Is mounted as Mr. Heme used to mount It. and the same flro crackles In the kitchen stove, and the same real turkey Is served up for dinner. It will be repeated tonight and tomorrow night. COMING ATTRACTIONS. Sale of Seats for William Collier. The sale of seats will open tomorrow morning for William Collier In- ".On the Quiet." which will come to the Marquam Grand next Friday and Saturday nights with a matinee Saturday at 2:15 o'clock. William Collier Is recognized from one end ot this country to the other as one of the best of comedians. His engage ment in any city Is looked forward to eacerly from the time cf Its first an nouncement by all lovers of delightful stage performances. His work Is like a fine mosaic, and there is laughter all of the time he Is on the stage. The great est comedy success that New York has seen In many years was Augustus Thom as' comedy "On the Quiet," which Wil liam Collier presented for six months at the Madison Square Theater last season. The critics said that tho success was due first to Collier's ability, for there Is not the slightest doubt that without effort he Is the funniest man on the stage at the present time. "The Devil's Auction." This morning at the Marquam Grand Theater the sale of seats will open for Chas. H. Yale's "Everlasting Devil's Auc tion," which comes to the Marquam Grand Theater Thursday night only of this week. OTHERS ARE INTERESTED. Success of the Ncvr Primary System Means Much ElKewltere. Lewlston Tribune. The Oregon experiment will be watched with a great deal of Interest and solid-, tude as nearly all of the political Ills of which we complain originate right at the primaries. It has become a universal cus tom among both and all the parties for a few self-constituted bosses to take In their own hands the naming of the dele gates to the convention to select party candidates for the various offices and there delegates are so named because they can be controlled by the bosses. The bosses do not want delegates that stand for good principles and good character In pol itics, and they generally get the men they want because the average citizen does not care to bring on a conflict with the or ganized party workers, and If he did. probably could not arouse enough opposi tion to crush the machine. It cannot now be told whether the Oregon law will ac complish its purpose or whether It may result In simplifying the mechanism ot boss rule. First and last the result lies at the door of the citizen anyhow, and whenever he decides to have cleaner poli tics and sounder government, he Is sure to have it. with or without a primary law. On the other hand as long as he Is indisposed to do his duty by his coun try and his party other than by voting whatever ticket the managers may fix up for him. there will be no Improvement with or without a primary law. As long as the citizen chooses to .abdicate his sov ereignty in favor of the' party bosses no law or laws ever devised by man can save the Government from running more and more to spoils, corruption and impo tency. ELEVATOR EXPERIENCES. Joaquin Miller' Flrt Introduction to a PaicnKer Hoist. New York Times. Elevator stories were In order. and Chandos Fulton observed: "Joaquin Miller, when he first visited this city, put up at the Astor House. After registering he was escorted by the benoo to the elevator and ushered In. He sat upon the cushioned seat at the back, sup posing it was a folding bed, as he had never been in an elevator. "Miller supposed he was In his room. Closing the door, tht boy remained, much to Miller's astonishment, and he said: " 'You go with this room? " 'Yes, sir,' replied the boy, not, under standing his Inquiry. " 'Welti exclaimed the long-haired pool of the Sierras, 'the room is too small for two, and the sooner you get out the bet ter.' By which time the elevator had reached his floor, and explanations fol lowed." Marcus Mayer, the theatrical manager, told the following story: "When Ij went to Mexico, some years ago. on that famous or Infamous PattI swindle, they had just put an elevator In to tho Hotel Iturbide, and were so carerul of It that they ran It only one or two hours In a day as a novelty. Once a dis sipated' old don. who owned one of the finest haciendas In Southern Mexico, 'was escorted to the elevator to be taken to his room. When the door was closed on him he thought he was imprisoned and desper ately assaulted the attendant" Aeerblc Amenities. Joseph Herald. Representative Moody was ascertaining the needs and desires ot his constituents at Enterprise and Wallowa last week. Has Mr. Moody been guilty of anything that need make him ashamed to be seen In Jo soph and LosJ-ine? Or perhaps he has no constituents at these places. NOTE AND COMMENT. It would have been more popular to set the message out in serial form. The day Is cold, and dark, and dreary. But the gas-light folks are blithe and cheery. Another big gasscr has been discovered in Ohio, but this one la not a prizefighter. - Agulnaldo and Oom Paul are the great est living exponents of the absent treat ment " " Weather reports show that there Is still a great deficiency in the precipitation of Ieonltis. Mrs. Nation now has her divorce, and is prepared to make some blushing Kansas bachelor happy. Between Governor Van Sant and tht Bulgarian brigands there Is always a little something to read every morning. If the Queen of Holland should suddenly turn up In South Dakota it would not taka much keenness to guess what she came for. That Brazllllan woman who lived tft be 1G0 years old must have been born be fore the beginning of the war In tho Transvaal. The Klondike revolutionists certainly ought to put up a pretty good rebellion when they can dig the slncw3 of war out of the ground. Frank James will have one advantage as an actor. Jlc will know how to make the ghost walk, perhaps dance, by employing his oM-t!me methods. If Uncle Sam had only waited a little while, perhaps Mr. Morgan would have bought those Danish West Indies and given them to him for Christmas. An American dentist fixed the Sultan's teeth. Ho probably put one of these rub ber dams In his Majesty's mouth, and de manded his pay before he would take it out again. Kmperor William has an American cook 6tove. If he gets an American cook to go with It he will iind that he Isn't so much the whole thing as he has been led to believe. Two new pianos have been moved into tho White House, but out of courtesy to members of Congress from the South no one will be allowed to play In rag time on either. Agulnaldo has discovered that he wasn't needed by the Insurgents, and he doesn't seem to be of a great deal of use to the American?. About the only purpose ha served was to loose the founts of im passioned pamphleteering in Boston, Mass. "Oulda," as Mile, de la Rameo prefers to call herseir. Is now an elderly lady, but she still affects the white muslin frocks and pale blue ribbons ot a bygone era. She Is still the queen of an autocratic circle or admirers at Florence, where sho has an Ideal homo and an extraordinary collection of dogs, for which she has a passion. President Eliot, of Harvard, thinks tha tho school teachers spend altogether too much time trying to teach arithmetic to young children. In a recent lecture he told of a naughty boy who was Informed by, his mother that he must either do as she told him or leave the room. The boy thought for a moment, and then remarked, "That's fair." "I would give more for that Judicial comment for Its effect on tho boy's later life," said President Eliot, "than Tor any amount of accurate figur ing." An English clergyman was addressing a congregation of fishermen, and In order to appeal the more to his hearers he Intro duced a number of nautical similes. Ha pictured a captain navigating his cratt through a dangerous passage, surrounded with rocks and currents, and he described lhe voyage in detail. At last he reached his climax, when it seemed Inevitable that the ship should be lost "And what shall wo do now?" he made his captain cry. "Bless your soul, guvnor!" replied a voice at the back. "That captain o yours can't do nothln". Hes sallln' his ship starn fore most." An English gentleman, whose fruit or chards had been very often robbed, caught a boy up one of his trees. "Come down, you young rascal!" shout ed the owner. "Noa fear, and you there," replied the urchin. "Well. I'll wait till you do." "Verra weel." said the lad. They had waited about an nour, wnen an Idea occurred to the boy. Snatching an apple, he took a steady aim and hit the old fellow on the head with It "Hallo, what's up now?" "It's Just this I'm gaun to keep peltln till every apple's off the tree unless ya promise not to lick me, for if I'm gaun to get a hldln I'm gaun to hao me sport for It. What d'ye say?" The old fellow had to agree. READS ON POSTAGE STAMPS. Only Eight President Have Been Shown on Inses So Far. New York Sun. If President McKlnley's portrait Is put on one of the postage stamps of this country, as dispatches from Washington have said is likely to be done In casa the Postottlce Department brings out a new issue, hU portrait will be the ninth of a President to be used In that way. ' As the regular series of stamps, exclud ing the Columbian, Trans-Mteslsslppl ana Pan-American Exposition issues, has now been in circulation with only slight changes In watermarks and the like slnca lfc!M, a change of some sort Is expected soon by philatelists. Ever since Uncle Sam's Postofflce began making stamps. In 1S47. or thereabouts, the face of Washington has appeared on one of the stamps In every regular Issue, and with a single exception on a stamp of low- value and genecal use. Benjamin Franklin's face has always adorned post age stamps of low value, and has thus be come familiar to people who send or re ceive letters ever since 1847. Presidents other than Washington whose faces have appeared on the stamps ara Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Garfield, Grant. Madison and Taylor. Of the stamps of higher values the S-cent stamp now bears Sherman's picture, the 10-cent Webster's, the 15-cent Clay's, tha no-cent Jefferson's, the dollar stamp Per ry's, the 52 Madison's and the ?5 Mar shall's. Is Thin Truer Aurora Boreall3. Portland, we are sorry to note. Is too near-sighted. San Francisco Is securing a goodly portion of Oregon trade 6imply because Portland Is talking and not act ing. Our metropolis howls for transport business while San Francisco Is reaching out and tapping our resources. Men coma here from the East and wonder that the wealthy City of Portland is not connected by rail with many of the richest mineral and agricultural sections of the state. It Is mossbacklsm or niggardliness, or a don't know how to do it or the vital necessity of Infusion of more new blood. -