HE MORNING OREGONIAiN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1901.
Entered at the Pcstofflce at Portland, Oregon,
as second-class matter.
REVISED SUBSCRIPTION HATES.
By Mail (postage prepaid), la Advance
Dally, -with Sunday, -per month $ S5
Dally, Sunday excepted, per year... ...... 7 60
Dally, -with Sunday, per year U 00
Sunda), per year ......... ............. 2 00
The Weekly, per year 1 50
The "Weekly, 3 months W
To City Subscribers
Dally, per week, delivered, Sundays exceptcd.ISc
Dally, per -week, delivered. Sundays Included.20c
POSTAGE KATES.
United States, Canada and Mexico:
30 to 10-page paper.... ......... ...........lc
10 to 32-page paper................. -2o
Forolgn rates double.
News or discussion Intended for publication
in The Oregonian should be addressed invaria
bly "Editor The Oregonian," not to the name
ot any Individual. Letters relating to adver
tising, subscriptions or to any business matter
chould bo addressed simply "The Oregonian."
The Oregonian does aot buy poems or stories
from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re
turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici
tation. No stamps should be Inclosed lor this
purpose.
Eastern Business Office, 43. 44. 45. 47, 48. 40
Tribune building. New Tork City: 469 "The
Rookery' Chicago; tho S. a Beckwlth special
agency. Eastern representative.
For sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee. Pal
ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., 230
Sutter street; F. "W. Pitts. 1003 ilarket street:
J. 3C Cooper Co., 740 Slarkct street, near the
Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry news
stand.
For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner.
250 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 100
So. Spring street.
For sale In Chicago hy the P. O. News Co..
217 Dearborn street.
For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1012
Farnam street.
For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News
Co., 77 W. Second South street.
For sale In Ogden by TV. C. Kind, 204 Twenty-fifth
street, and ty C. H. Mrers.
For sale In Kansas City. Mo., by Fred
Hutchinson, S04 Wyandotte street.
On file at Buffalo. N. X., In the Oregon ex
hibit at the exposition.
For sale in Washington. D. C by the Ebbett
House news stand.
For sale in Denver. Colo., by Hamilton &
Kendrlck. 000-912 Seventh street.
TODAY'S WEATHER Fair; northwesterly
winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 65; minimum temperature, 54; pre
cipitation, 0 01 inch.
PORTLAND, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11.
UNITED STATES TO CONTROL.
Apparently it is settled now that the
old obstacle to the Nicaragua Canal is
to be removed. The Clayton-Bulwer
treaty is to be abrogated. No official
statement has yet appeared, but the
substance of the new agreement is
laiown, and the fact is confirmed by
the utterances of the British press. It
is understood that these points have
been reached, through the new negotia
tion, viz.:
L For abrogation of the old Clayton-Bulwer
treaty In toto.
2. For a neutral isthmian canal, in case
one bo constructed by tho "United States,
open in time of peace to tho ships of all na
tions upon equal terms.
3. This neutrality is guaranteed by the
United States alone, ana other maritime pow
ers arc not Invited to participate in such
guarantee. Great Britain is lnferentlally one
of tho guarantors, because sho is a party to
this treaty.
4. In case of war the "United States reserves
the right to take such steps for its own pro
tection as it may deem proper.
This will place the canal wholly
within the control of the United States.
European nations are not to have, on
any pretext, the right of interference, or
intromission. The former negotiation
on this subject was open to the objec
tion that the nations of Europe were
to join the United States in guarantee
ing the neutrality, and that this would
have tied our hands or involved us in
entanglements We were engaged al
ready with Great Britain, through the
Clayton-Bulwer compact, and to invite
other nations into the agreement would
only complicate matters the more.
In making this concession Great
Britain has shown her desire to main
tain conditions of cordial friendship
with the United States. It is every
way to be desired that between the
two great parts of the English-speaking
world terms of amity shall subsist
Nothing bas been said in this new ne
gotiation about the Alaskan boundary.
But there Is really no room for dis
agreement on that subject. The bound
ary is already denned in terms unmis
takable. Nevertheless, It would be a
graceful and courteous act on the part
of the United States to concede to sub
jects of Great Britain passage at all
times from the ocean into their own
northern territory through ours, with
lightest restrictions consistent with the
interests of our revenue system.
1001 ASSESSMENTS INOPERATIVE.
It is a. comfort to know that the In
creased valuations reported by Asses
sors In prosperous counties of the state
will not augment the burden carried
by them in the shape of state taxes
for the ensuing three years. The new
assessment and taxation law, approved
February 21, 1901, fixes the proportion
in which the -different counties are to
pay state taxes, ag follows:
Counties. Per cent. Counties. Per cent.
Baker 0195 Linn 052G
Benton ......... .0202 Malheur 0094
Clackamas ...... .0335 Marlon .0G13
Clatsop ......... .0212 Morrow ......... .0095
Columbia ........ .010G Multnomah 3123
Coos .0203 Polk 0307
Crook 0130 Sherman O0S7
Curry .. .0040 Tillamook 00S7
Douglas - 0345i Umatilla 0490
Gilliam 0087 Union 0202
Grant 0092Wallowa 0073
Harney 0100 Wasco 0234
Jackson 0314 Washington 0301
Josephine .0090 Wheeler .0007
Klamath ..... 0115 Yamhill 0391
Lake . 0107Llncoln 0053
Lane .0462J
These proportions are to continue un
til January, 1905, when the rule of bas
ing proportion of taxes upon county
expenditures is to go into effect Now,
it appears from the statute that in
January of each year the state tax
board must compute the expenses requi
site for the ensuing year, and divide
this total of expenses, that is to say,
the total of taxes needed, in the propor
tion already given In the table, among
the counties. Consequently, neither the
assessed valuation nor the expenditures
of counties exert any effect whatever
"upon the state tax levy for 1902, 1903
or 1904. Each county's share is fixed in
advance, computed, the statute ex
plains, upon the assessments of the
several counties for the five years 1896
1900, inclusive.
No matter how large a proportion of
the state's taxes Multnomah County
pays in 1900, next year and two years
thereafter it will pay but .2123 of them.
CONSISTENT INCONSISTENCY.
Great and marvelous are the works
of anarchists. One of the most rabid,
Isaak by name, who publishes a fire
brand paper at Chicago, has been shut
out from the privileges of the United"
States mails. Insanely bent on sub
verting social order and setting up a
reign of free riot, he fulminates against
the safeguards which society has con
structed against just such agitators as
he. Tet, like all anarchists, he belles
himself. He would have no organized
society, and yet he would take advan
tage of the conveniences of organized
society, one of them in .particular, the
Government mail system. He would
also go to courts of justice to defend
his noxious practices against the in
dignation of f ellow-cltlzens." Perhaps In
his old age he will become a ward of
the bounty of that Government he so
despises. He is, iowever, entirely con
sistent, for does he not follow the
anomaly of that prince of anarchists,
Rousseau?
Rousseau, who would throw down all
the artificial barriers which civilized
man has devised against disruption,
and would letum to a pure state of
nature and savagery, yet would spend
for himself a life of ease In the seclu
sion provided for him by a noble
patron; would indulge in the .luxury of
a concubine without the responsibili
ties of marr'age, and in disposing of
his offspring would avail himself of
foundling asylums, 'institutions of the
very Government which he professed
to disapprove, Indeed Isaak is consistent
with inconsistent precedents. If other
wise, he would not be true to the blood,
for real anarchists are anarchists
against nothing so much as against
their own vagaries.
RECIPROCITY CONTRADICTIONS.
Advocates of reciprocity as a syno
nym for tariff reform are pretty cer
tain to fall into queer absurdities. Two
able Republican papers, which are
clamoring for ratification of the French
treaty because it lowers duties, Indulge
these antagonistic reflections:
St. Paul Pioneer Press If the Interests which
would gain by reciprocity, such as tho packers,
tho shoe men and tho steel workers and tho
machine makers, would show as much energy
In promoting their foreign markets as the few
Interests which are opposed to the present
treaties show in protecting' the domestic field
against an Imaginary danger, there would be
a practical disappearance of opposition to such
moderate concessions as have been made.
Philadelphia Press Tho Los Angeles Cham
ber of Commerce, quoting from President Mc
Klnley, aptly declares that It is "in favor of
a policy of reciprocity that will injure no
American interest, by 'opening our markets
on favorable terms for what we do not our-sel-es
produce, in return for free foreign
markets.' " That is the kind of reciprocity
President McKinley declared himself In favor
of, and it is the only kind President Roose
velt supports.
These two sayings discover at a
glance the difficulties of defending
reciprocity without knowledge as to
just what specific brand of reciprocity
Is under discussion. The Pioneer Press
Is talking about the "imaginary dan
ger" that is alarming protected inter
ests affected by the French treaty.
Elsewhere In Its article it specifically
names the "lcnlt-goods men, imitation
jewelry men and glovemakers." It con
tends that the danger to them Is imag
inary; but as the men mentioned are
actively resisting the treaty, the real
ity of the danger must be admitted to
be a matter of opinion. Maybe the in
terests that fear a reduction of duties
are right.
At any rate, opposition to the treaty
is general enough to excite suspicion
that there must be some real danger
in the much that is feared? Mak
ers of finer cotton goods protest that
the proposed concessions to French
mills "will practically stop all efforts
at manufacturing the better lines of.
these goods." Knit-goods people, mak
ing $150,000,000 a year, protest that pro
posed 20 per cent reduction in duties
will cripple them seriously In their
struggle with French competition. The
Braid Manufacturers' Association say
that their industry would be under
mined; they can compete with France
now, but they couldn't then. Brush
men say that present conditions render
It difficult and sometimes impossible
to compete with France, and it would
be worse under the pending treaty.
Electric and gas fixture men say that
under existing duties French factories
are making serious inroads on the home
mills, and with lower rates they fear
grave results. Jewelry men say that
their industry bas always failed under
low tariffs and prospered under high;
they expect only disaster if the treaty
is ratified. Makers of tissue, copying,
blank book and writing paper say they
have built up a fine business under the
Dlngley bill, but can't compete with
France under the treats'. Similar rep
resentations are made by manufactur
ers of perfumery, toilet preparations,
tiles, firebrick, and other affected In
terests. The opposition of California
fruit and winegrowers is well known.
"What becomes, then, of the McKin
ley quotation, indorsed by the Los An
geles Chamber of Commerce and ap
proved by the Philadelphia Press?
Where is this reciprocity that consists
on our part of concessions "on what we
do not ourselves produce"? It Is not In
this French treaty, obviously, unless
we take such items as silks, abundantly
able to pay duty and thus afford rev
enue. The things we do not ourselves
produce are not French products, but
tropical products. It Is from the trop
ics that we get the great staples, like
coffee, bananas, dyewoods, hardwoods,
etc., that we must- buy because we
can't raise them.
It is a simple absurdity to speak of
the things we do not produce as now
protected by the tariff. "Who in this
country has ever asked for a duty on
goods that can be raised only in the
tropics; in order to protect a home in
dustry? Nobody, of course. Nobody
ever will. "What we protect Is what
home manufacturers or growers have
asked us to protect; that is, domestic
Industries. "We levy duties against
France upon objects that come Into
competition with home producers. This
Is the sort of duties France wishes us
to reduce or abolish. Europe does not
object to our revenue duties, laid for
revenue upon things we do not produce.
She objects and seeks abatement of
duties that are laid to protect our home
producers.
There are duties that "are no longer
f needed for revenue or protection," to
use another phrase - in the Buffalo
speech. They are duties on products of
domestic trusts and corporations which
already monopolize the home market
and undersell Europe on its own
ground. These duties should be abol
ished, but they are not mentioned In
reciprocity treaties.
Eighteen French sailing ships are
now en route for Portland to load grain,
four others are in port, and three have
already sailed this season. This fleet
of twenty-five vessels carries no car
goes either to or from French ports,
and, yet the French taxpayers subsi
dize them to the extent of over $200,000
In order that the merchant marine of
that country may have a more promi
nent part on the high seas than It
could otherwise secure. If any benefits
are gained by this shipping subsidy,
they certainly do not go to the taxpay
ers who are responsible for the exist
ence of the fleet. Theoretically, the
Oregon wheatgrower might be expect
ed to profit by the French subsidy,
though to what extent is uncertain. If
the American subsidy grafters are ever
successful In saddling this Iniquitous
measure on this .country, American pro
ducers will be in the same predicament
in which the French taxpayer now
finds himself. A few shipowners will
absorb all of the subsidy, business 'will
show no increase, and freights will be
no lower. "Why should the American
farmer be taxed for the support of a
fleet with which to carry his products
to market, when the Frenchmen are
providing the fleet at their own expense
and the Americans, British and Ger
mans are meeting their rates without
the aid of a subsidy?
TWO PENDING DECISIONS.
Another thing this new Philippine
tariff will do Is to draw.renewed atten
tion to the whole tariff problem in the
dependencies, and especially to the
cases before the United States Supreme
Court, argued at the same time with the
so-called Porto Rico cases, but not de
cided. There are two of these cases,
and in each there is a possibility of
judicial interference with operation of
the Dlngley tariff upon imports from
the Philippines, and also with operation
of the tariff just promulgated by the
"War Department applying at Philip
pine ports on goods from the United
States.
These two undecided cases are known
as the second Dooley case and the
'Pepke or fourteen diamond rings case.
The second Dooley case involves the
right of the United States to levy duties
on American goods imported into Porto
Rico, and is interesting because it
raises the question whether such a tariff
does not constitute a tax upon exports.
The case is also of great practical im
portance because if Congress cannot
impose a tax on American goods In
Philippine ports Spain will have the
right under the treaty until 1908 to en
ter its goods free In Philippine ports.
The same right may, moreover, belong
to other nations under the "most-favored
nation" clause, and the tariff as
a source of island revenue will have
to be dropped from consideration to the
embarrassment of the fiscal system of
the islands.
Of more direct bearing on the Philip
pine problem is the Pepke or fourteen
diamond rings case, which involves du
ties levied on Philippine .goods at our
own ports, and also Involves the status
of the Philippines during the period
between ratification of the treaty of
peace and the passage of the Spooner
bill. The fact that the Supreme Court
failed to hand down its decision In this
case with its decision in the apparently
parallel De Lima case has been sup
posed by some to indicate that it will
hold the tariff valid. A plausible con
jecture, based on the court's own defini
tions in the Porto Rican cases, has been
made to the effect that the court will
find In the existence of the insurrection
sufficient ground for upholding the
tariff against Philippine goods as a war
measure, or because our possession was
not complete.
It Is possible, of course, that the de
cisions In these cases may be so ren
dered as to leave the actual Philippine
tariff problem unadjudicated. While
we must know the tariff status of the
islands before the Spooner bill was en
acted, the court, may say nothing as
to the status since It became law. In
that event, no doubt, other cases will
be made up and the War Department's
new tariff, as well as the operation of
the Dlngley law In the period between
the Spooner bill's enactment and this
new promulgation, passed upon. It Is
to be expected that a majority of the
Supreme Court will be found on the
side of the Government In all these
cases, pending and contemplated. Dis
cussion of the problem since the Insular
decisions of May 27 has brought out in
clear light the essentially political
rather than judicial character of the
questions Involved. The trend of popu
lar conviction is one not likely to be
escaped by the members of the Supreme
Court themselves.
GENERAL DAGGETT AND THE CAN
TEEN. i The letter of General Daggett, U. S.
A., condemning the canteen system re
cently abolished In our Army, and giv
ing his reasons for opposing its res
toration, is answered by a writer in the
Army and Navy Journal, who says that
though the General was a Captain for
more than twenty years he was on
detached service during the four years
of that time that the canteen was in
operation, so that he had no oppor
tunity for comparison of matters before
and after the canteen. Captain Ed
ward C. Munson, Assistant Surgeon,
U. S. A before the American Public
Health Association in Buffalo, recently
presented statistics to show that the
canteen system is guiltless of the evils
ascribed to it by General Daggett? Dr.
Munson, In preparing an Important
work on military hygiene, gathered
these statistics before the abolition of
the canteen! In the six years following
the Introduction of the canteen the ad
missions to the hospitals for alcoholism
fell off 23.6 per cent; delirium tremens
diminished 31 per cent; insanity, 31.7 per
cent. The annual average of convic
tions by court-martial for drunkenness
fell from 372 to 160; the rate of deser
tion decreased from 9 to 4.5 per cent,
and the number of soldiers depositing
money with the Paymasters Increased
13 per cent.
These statistics of Dr. Munson are
based on Army records. It Is a Mo
hammedan proverb that "one good deed
Is worth a thousand year3 of prayer,"
and so we may say that a few official
vital statistics like those of Dr. Mun
son entirely outweigh with fair-minded
folk the prohibitionist homiletlcs of
General Daggett. s Lieutenant-General
Miles, before he ever, examined per
sonally Into the workings of the can
teen system, had the came theoretical
aversion to it that now possesses Gen
eral Daggett, but when he became fa
miliar with the almost unanimous tes
timony of the officers of the Army as to
its excellent results In shape of Im
proved sobriety, good conduct and dis
cipline, he opposed Its abolishment. An
attempt will be made to obtain permis
sion from Congress at its next session
to restore the banished system. The
weight of reason and experience are
all In -favor ot its restoration.
Human nature is the same socially
within as without the Army. It has
been found Impossible to make men
total abstainers outside the Army by
prohibition; and It will be found equally
Impossible within the Army. Prohibi
tion without the Army always multi
plies the number of low dives and in
creases public and private indulgence in
the use of alcohol. Either the law
sleeps the sleep of death or It drives
the sale of liquor into the hands of
men utterly without conscience In the
conduct of their business. Covert sa
loons always . sell vile, cheap spirits,
and, being without legal protection, sell
to anybody and everybody, whether
drunk or sobe. because tne man who is
refused is dangerously likely to turn
informer. The great State of Massa
chusetts, with nearly 3,000,000 people,
maintains the license system with local
option. Vermont, with less than 350,000
people, has had prohibition since 1853.
Allowing for the fact that Massachu
setts Includes the great seaport of Bos
ton, with yearly 600,000 people, while
Vermont is a small inland, agricultural
state, whose largest town has not 20,
000 inhabitants, the people of Massachu
setts compare favorably with those of
Vermont In sobriety, respect for law
and order and freedom from crime.
Massachusetts Is one of the few states
where no lynchlngs have taken place
during the last twenty-five. years. Its
courts are famous for their speedy and
thorough justice. Murderers get short
thrift, and pardons or commutations
are seldom granted. Measured by their
respect for law, by the efficiency of their
courts of justice, by the absence of
mobs and acts of lynch law, the record
of the people of Massachusetts is that
of a sober, law-abiding, orderly state.
These results are obtained far more
completely in Massachusetts, allowing
for the very great numerical difference
of population, than they are in the pro
hibition states of Vermont, New Hamp
shire or Maine.
It Is hard to see the point of a joke
when one Is at the butt of It, and con
sequently the good people of the Hub
are not holding their sides with laugh
ter at the jibes the New York Sun levels
at them because of the rise in the price
of beans and the threatened extinction
of codfish. Beans, to the Boston mind,
are not a subject to be treated of light
ly, and a man who would sneer at
them would parody Ralph Waldo Em
erson or chalk conundrums on Bunker
Hill monument. Hallowed by its asso
ciation with men' of learning, culture
and refinement, the bean has come to
be a thing too sacred to be mentioned
in a mere newspaper, and a newspaper
published in New York at that. Bos
ton is Indignant, and justly so. Phila
delphia would In time become en
raged If Benjamin Franklin were meta
phorically dug in the ribs by some irrev
erent scribbler, Chicago would resent
any familiarity with her fame as a
seaport, Louisville could not bear the
thought of speaking jestingly of
whisky, and it is an unwarranted and
unmitigated insult to Boston to say
humorous things of the bean.
Admiral Sampson, broken in health,
beset with anxiety, suffering chagrin
and disappointment at the time of life
when he should have been possessed
of the quiet, peace and happiness
earned in long and honorable service
for his country, is entitled to the sym
pathy of his patriotic feliow-citizens,
even as for years he possessed their
unbounded confidence and admiration.
There is not the slightest doubt that
the unfortunate controversy into which
he was drawn about tne honors of the
battle of Santiago, together with the
disappointment due to his absence from
the greatest naval battle in the world's
history, has embittered the closing
years of his active service In the United
States Navy, whtj.e It may justly be
feared that his life will be shortened
thereby. One can ardently hope for the
complete vindication of Admiral Schley
and still feel a profound sympathy for
Admiral Sampson in the physical and
mental breakdown that appears to have
overtaken him.
When the steamships Campania and
Lucania, of the Cunard Company, were
in mid-Atlantic on their first trip In
October their commanders were able to
communicate by wireless telegraphy,
although the great ships were not In
sight of each other. Communication
began when they were thirty-three
miles apart, and was kept up until the
distance between them was doubled.
This Is to say that for two hours the
people on board these vessels, out of
sight and sound, and going in opposite
directions, were talking with each
other. Wonder is dumb before this
achievement. The liveliest imagination
may well refuse to speculate upon the
developments of which this newest com
bination of Intelligence and nature is
the forerunner.
Benton County has been rendered
great service by the Benton County
Citizens' League, which has had pub
lished a neat booklet setting forth the
resources of that district. It is de
scribed as one of the favored spots of
Oregon, and facts and figures are sub
mitted to substantiate this statement.
Many handsome city and farm scenes
are presented, and, as might be expect
ed, Corvallls, the principal city, comes
In for the most attention. Many good
words are also said for the Oregon Ag
ricultural College. Benton County has
room for many more people, and the
Benton County Citizens' League has hit
upon a most effective way to secure
them.
Senator Hoar, In his speech before
the Republican State Convention in
Massachusetts last week, made this
statement, with which The Oregonian Is
in full accord. Moreover, It Is an ex
pression entirely in accord with state
ments heretofore made by The Orego
nian. "We cannot give up," said Sen
ator Hoar, "free speech or constitu
tional liberty for fear of a Guiteau or a
Czolgosz; The restraining of free speech
and of the free press, disagreeable as
are their excesses, must come In the
main from the Individual's sense of
duty, and not by law."
The heavy, lumbering pace with
which the British have pursued the
agile Boers over the kopjes of South
Africa Is explained in the late order of
Lord Kitchener to the officers In com
mand of his "mobile" columns to leave
behind them hereafter such slight im
pedimenta to their progress' as pianos,
kitchen ranges and other heavy arti
cles of furniture. General Miles' bath
tub sinks Into Insignificance when con
templated in connection with these
handicaps ;upon the mobility of the
British troops under Kitchener.
The Seattle Post-Intelligencer agrees
with the Astorlan that money spent on
the Columbia River is wasted. The Se
attle paper means also that money
spent at the mouth of the Columbia
River is wasted; but the Astorlan ig
nores this view entirely. A common
enmity to Portland is to them a suffi
cient bond, for the present.
The proposal of the makers of the
new charter to place large powers in
the hands of the Mayor, as executive
of the city, is a sound one. It is a
policy which The Oregonian has long
contended for.
EXCHANGE OF SCH00LB00KS.
A Woodburn correspondent of the
Aurora Borealis gives pen to this com
plaint against the present school-book
arrangement in Oregon:
There Is complaint here about one weakness
In the text-hook law. Pupils are allowed an
exchange price, but can secure this only by
delivering books on the same grade In which
they procure books. A scholar is generally
promoted and his old books are of tho grade
lower than the one for which he wants new
bcoks. Hence he must either pay full price
for the new ones or see If he can trade with
others, and even this Is. a difficult undertak
ing, as the one who could use his old set
would have some of a still lower grade that
would bo of no particle of use to him, who
goes two grades higher than the grade, for
which they are Intended. It Is strange that
the text-book commissioners did not notice
this flaw.
Suppose no change had been made In
the textbooks authorized would not the
pupil passing from third to fourth reader,
for example, be obliged to purchase a
new fourth reader? Does he suffer in
justice by being compelled to do precisely
the same thing under the new adoption?
The Woodburn correspondent falls to
grasp the purpose of the exchange ar
rangement. It is not to enablo school
children to exchange old books for new
ones. There would be no more equity in
this than In exchanging old clothes for
new ones. The purpose of arranging for
exchange of school books is to save the
school children from lose, pr to -reduce
the loss to the minimum, when they shall
have provided themselves with books of
the proper grae and those booksare use
less because of the adoption of a new
series. For example, the child who
has , a Barnes fourth reader ought
not to be subjected to the expense of
buying a Cyr fourth reader, thus paying
double price for his fourth reader course.
In order that this hardship may be avoid
ed the exchange price is arranged and
the child may surrender his Barnes book,
for which he now has no use, and get
a Cyr book, which is required, for 25
cents, whereas he would be compelled to
pay 50 cents if he had no old book to
exchange. If the child Iras finished his
fourth reader and needs the fifth, why
shall he not pay full retail price for his
fifth reader under the new adoption just
as he would have had to do under the
old?
The law makes It the duty of the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction to
issue a circular of Instructions to school
book publishers when bids are asked for
a new contract. Last Winter, Superintend
ent Ackerman framed such a circular
and then submitted it to the State Text
Book Commission, which made a few
changes in it. Superintendent Ackerman
provided for exchange of the old book of
the same grade "or one grade lower:"
This was deemed so sweeping that it
would militate against low bids for new
books! The child passing from one book
to another would, under ordinary circum
stances, be obliged to buy the new ad
vanced book, even if no change were made
in the legal series. Therefore it was not
deemed an injustice that he should still
purchase the advanced book required, the
price for which would not be greater un
der the new adoption than under the old
one. At the suggestion of members of the
Text-Book Commission, a clause was
added saying that "a family having chil
dren attending a public school shall have
the right to exchange old book9 in their
possession" for new books. The entire
paragraph relating to the exchange was
In this form finally:
Tho exchange price Is the price tho pupil
must pay for a new book when ho surrenders
an old book upon the same subject and of the
same grade, heretofore legally adopted by the
State Board of Education, and In actual or
contemplated use In the public schools of Ore
gon. This price remains In force to December
31, 1001. It Is hereby Intended that a family
having children, attending a public school shall
have the right to exchange old books in their
possession for book3 as above stated.
This makes It clear that the family,
rather than the child, is to be regarded as
the unit; that is, a family having chil
dren, for example, that had just finished
the first, second and third readers, could
exchange the old second and third for new
readers of the same grades and pay the
exchange price. This would make neces
sary the purchase of a new fourth reader
at full retail price, there being no old book
of that grade to offer In exchange. The
first reader would be left on hand as out
grown, as it would have been if there had
been no change in the legal series.
The Text-Book Commissioners did not
overlook this matter; it was a subject of
serious consideration. But It is difficult to
see where the present arrangement could
have been Improved upon under the cir
cumstances. The aim was to make the
extra burden to the children as light as
possible. If exchange conditions had been
too liberal for the children, the publishers
would have been compelled to name higher
prices, for they will not do business solely
for the pleasure of the dear people.
Mr. Hewitt's Reward of Merit.
New York Journal of Commerce.
Mr. Hewitt has long been recognized as
the foremost public man of this city. He
has combined In a notable degree the
qualities of a manufacturer and business
man with those of a thinker and speaker
of great effectiveness, and with large pri
vate interests to absorb his energies
he has devoted very much of his time to
the public welfare, and always to the
public advantage, and though the posses
sor of a great fortune, his Interests have
always been actively enlisted N with the
multitude who are very differently placed.
To privafe business and politics he has
added philanthropy, and It may he said
of him as of few others that he has de
served well of his city and his coun
try. At a time when it seemed that tho
city must forego rapid transit or resort
to the unusual and unsafe expedient of
lending its credit to a private corpora
tion, Mr. Hewitt came forward with tho
demand that If the city must supply the
means of- constructing the underground
road, it should own tho structure, though
It need not galnto the railroad business;
It should own it as it owns a street,
through which it permits cars to be run.
In just recognition of this service, tho
Chamber of Commerce has conferred
upon him the most unusual honor of a
gold medal.
a
The Rule of Contraries,
Boston Herald.
It Is recalled that when the Ephesian
Herostratus set fire to the Temple of
Artemis at Ephesus, for the purpose of
Immortalizing his name, the Ephesians
put him to death and enacted a law pro
hibiting the mention of his name for
ever. The result was that the name of
Herostratus was on everybody's tongue
thereafter, whereas If the law prohibit
ing Its use had not been enacted it would
doubtless have been forgotten and lost
through the ages. This ancient narrative
Is commended to the attention of the de
partment commander of the Grand Army,
who has Issued an order forbidding the
comrades of his command to speak the
name of Czolgosz.
Can Be No Longer Ignored.
Omaha Bee.
The recent collapse In copper, follow
ing the reduction of the dividend paid by
the Amalgamated Copper Company, fur
nishes an object lesson which investors in
industrial securities will do well to con
sider. Meanwhile the question grows con
stantly more pressing as to what shall
be done to regulate the combinations and
to protect the public against such projects
as that of the Amalgamated Copper Com
pany, with their vast overcapitalization
and their secret way of doing business.
This question has become so urgent and
Is of such overshadowing Importance that
the coming Congress will be compelled to
give it consideration.
DISCRIMINATION PROVEN.
Baker City Republican.
Ever and anon, the fact Is brought to
public attention that the Government, In
purchasing fodder and other supplies for
the Philippine service, coldly slights Port
land and Oregon. It has been repeatedly
proven that when hay and grain were
to be had in Portland and for ?2 per ton
less than on the Sound, such supplies
were purchased there to the exclusion of
Portland. These facts have been severe
ly, commented on by The Oregonian and
other Oregon journals. It Is a strange
state of affairs If there Is no remedy.
We are prone to believe absence ofx ac
tivity is largely accountable for this
fault. Washington has been served In
Congress by men terribly energetic for
her interests, while Oregon seems to have
waned in Administration favor. When.
Senator Mitchell's name was mentioned
for the place made vacant by the expira
tion of Senator McBrlde's term one of
the warmest indorsements of the veteran
was that he always fought for Oregon.
Rather poor health has handicapped him.
since taking his seat, but when the influ
ence of his personality Is again felt in
Washington we shall expect Improve
ments over present conditions.
Oregon must have this recognition. It
is merely the due of a state situated as
she Is. Gross slanders are uttered at
times in the excuses given by the War
Department for the palpable slights.
When vessels taken by the Government
as transports, from private concerns, were
bound for Portland to load with large car
goes, and diverted to the Sound after
charter because of insufficient depth In
the rltfcr., favoritism Is at work. No
greater depth of water Is required for
floating a Government transport than a
Steamer employed by a private corpora
tion to carry the same amount of
cargo.
Oregon has been grossly slighted in this
respect. Her former Representatives were
unable to accomplish much of anything.
General Beebe was sent to Washington
by Portland commercial Interests and
succeeded in securing larger recognition,
but General Shafter's strong bias for
San Francisco and the pull developed
by Puget Sound soon overcame Oregon's
rights.
This is a matter Interesting the entire
state, and the people must Insist that
Oregon be granted such privileges as at
least would fall to her in the natural
distribution of business and pursuant to
prices.
THE ARCTIC CASKS ADRIFT.
Philadelphia Press.
Captain Tuttle and the officers of the
revenue cutter Bear have made up for
their dllatoriness in the matter of set
ting adrift the casks of the Geographical
Society of Philadelphia in the Arctic
Ocean north of Behring Strait. The
highest northing that the Bear made
last August amid the great ice floes, 75
degrees 5 minutes north latitude, would
have been considered a very remarkable
record a few years ago. It Is, Indeed,
the highest north by boat in the longi
tude of 171 degrees 33 minutes we3t,
since it Is considerably north of Wrangell
Island, 71 degrees north latitude and
178 and ISO degrees west longitude, and
also of Herald Island, 71 degrees 30
minutes north latitude" and .ITS degrees
west longitude, as well as north of the
Jeannette's track in 1SS1, since that
Ill-fated vessel did not pass the parallel
of 75 degrees north latitude until It was
considerably west of the ISOth parallel
of longitude.
In other words, Captain Tuttle has
started a few of the casks on their cir
cumpolar drift from a very superior
vantage point. Even his lower latitudes
of 72 degrees 10 minutes and 72 degrees
IS minutes should give 10 casks an excel
lent start, while the four casks that were
put on the Ice floe in 75 degrees 5 minutes
north, if one could follow their drift in
detail, stand a very good chance of cross
ing the pole, judging from the drift of
the Fram and the Jeannette. "Unfortu
nately, if these casks are heard from
some time in 1906 In the seas east of
Greenland they will be dumb as to their
experiences, though quite eloqunet as to
the time It takes a given object to drift
across the polar sea. Considering the
slight expense attached, however, any re
sult at all will justify the Geographical
Society for Its venture.
As to Captain Tuttle's pluck in carry
ing out so hazardous an undertaking so
successfully, Admiral Melville is quite
right In praising him for his achieve
ment, and the suggestion that he be given
some official recognition should bear
fruit.
Another Trust in Trouble.
Hartford (Conn.) Times.
To the list of trusts that are accumu
lating "trouble" the glucose trust is now
to be added. This is a concern with near
ly $14,000,000 of preferred stock, on which
7 per cent dividends are paid, and some
$24,000,000 of common stock, which has
been receiving G per cent dividends. Last
year the net earnings wore over $3,000,000,
and this year they are &32.460 less, leav
ing a deficit, after paying the dividends,
of $272,673. As glucose is made from corn,
and as the high price of corn has caused
a largo curtailment of operations during
the past two months, the prospects are
that the payment of dividends after this
year on the common stock must be sus
pended. Dream Will Xever Be Realized.
New Orleans Picayune.
If a government should ever becomo
bankrupt and go out of business, its pub
lic property might be sold to pay its
debts. But that can never come to pass.
Should one form of government be over
thrown, another Is set up In Its place,
and the new government takes possession
of all the powers and property of the old.
There will always be some "sort of order
and authority to control nations, and so
the dream of the anarchists, a total abo
lition of all law and authority, will never
be realized.
What It Coits to Crush Competition.
Boston Post.
If the Sugar Trust can sell granulated
sugar at Missouri River points, where
beet sugar comes in competition, for 3,
cents a pound, why should It not make
a reduction In price for New England
dealers and consumers? Unquestionably
It could make such a reduction, but It
does not make it because the tariff en
aDles It to hold Its monopoly and squeeze
2 cents a pound out of every sugar bow,
in the East, while bullyragging the beet
sugar producers at the West.
Rnle Hot Observed Hitherto.
Philadelphia Record.
President Roosevelt assures the mem
bers of Congress that their wishes In re
gard to appointments will be favorably
considered, provided they shall recom
mend fit persons for office. A strict ob
servance of this rule -would require a civil
service investigation, which Senators and
Representatives have not been much in
the habit of making at least not in this
section of the country.
A Hunting- Morning.
A. Conan Boyle.
Put the saddle on the mare,
For tho wet winds blow;
There's "Winter In the air.
And Autumn all below.
For the red leaves aro flying
And the red bracken dying.
And the red fox lying
"Where the ozlers grow. ,
Put tho bridle on tho mare,
For my blood run3 chill;
And my heart. It 13 there.
On tho heather-tufted hill,
"With the gray skies o'er us,
And the long-drawn chorus
Of running uack before us
From the find to the kill.
Then lead around the mare,
For It's time that we began.
And away with thought and care,
Save to live and be a man.
While the keen air Is blowing,
And tho huntsman halloing.
And the black mare going
As the black mare can.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The Cape Nome gold will soon be locked
up for the Winter
Perhaps Shamrock XIII will bring bad
luck to the.American defender.
It was fitting that the wireless tele
graph should report Upton's cuplesa con
test. The colleges are now training for the
race to be first In conferring a degree on
President Roosevelt.
At all events, the President does not
write plays and Insl3t that the common
people go to see them.
If the court of inquiry continues to sit
much longer it will be necessary to re
sume the sale of revenue stamps
Is it going to be necessary for a clergy
man to have a pull with J. Plerpont Mor
gan before he can be elevated to a
bishopric?
At any rate, none of the newspapers
were obliged to correct their reports of
the battle of Santiago the day following
publication.
Tammany having furnished the Shep
herd, ought to have no difficulty In pro
viding him with all the crooks ha needs
to rule his Hock.
Some of the writers of official records of
the battle of Santiago are even better
fitted for the composition of fiction than
Edgar Stanton Maclay.
Better put the Columbia in a nice soft
dock for the Winter. It's not a sura
thing that the next boat built to defend
the cup will be any improvement on her.
Weather conditions will soon be such
as to secure just as much discomfort for
people who seek it in North Dakota as to
those who are hunting it at the North
Pole.
The fossil shell of the glyptodont has
been found In Texas. It Is understood
that several jokes now current In the min
strel shows were found etched In the in
side of it.
Nearly half a century ago the experi
ment of putting horse meat on the mar
ket was made for the first time in Aus
tria. A government decree of April 20,
1S54, gave legal permission to cut up and
sell horse meat as an article ot food.
During the rest of that year and In 1855,
943 horses were slaughtered for food In Vi
enna; the number rose In 1890 the last
year for which statistics are obtainable,
to 25,640 head.
The discovery has just been made that
bees have constructed hlve3 in the beau
tiful equestrian statue of General Lee &X
Richmond, Va. Both the horse and the
figure of the Confederate chief are replete
with honey in the hidden nooks of the
monument. The statue of General Lee oc
cupies a conspicuous place In Monumental
fcquare. which contains one of the most
celebrated collections of bronze figures in
the country. Its environs are luxurious,
reveling in gardens of great floral wealth.
What the average Democratic leader in
Greater New York thinks of himself and
his powers makes Interesting reading
when he chooses to tell the newspapers
about It. Hugh McLaughlin, the veteran
leader of the Kings County Democracy,
was talking about himself recently, and
took time to declare that a few other,
bosses of tho past and present are mere
counterfeits. He said that he has no lieu
tenants, and continued: "Why am I called
'Boss? Do you know the original of tho
word and what It means? I will tell you
how It originated. I am the first boss. 1
was appointed a boss laborer In the navy
yard by President Buchanan. When I en
tered politics the word 'boss' clung to me.
Boss Tweed, 'Boss Piatt and 'Boss
Crouer are all counterfeits I am the
original."
PLEASANTRIES OF FARAGRAPHERS
Undisturbed. Miss Blucstock Oh! I'm suro
Hope-Barker's books will live after him. Mr.
Krittlck Pehaps; but it'll bo a very utfloq
life. Puck.
A Certainty. Brlggs There's no use talk
ing a man can't drink and play golf at tho
same time. Griggs So you've sworn off golf,
have you? Detroit Free Press.
A Hard Problem. rirat Scientist This Is a
puzzling case. Indeed. Second Scientist I
should say so. "Why. this would puzzle an ama
teur scientist. Baltimore American.
Between Friends. Edith Ferdy and I haa
been engaged for a month, and nobody sus
pected It. Ethel No; everybody thought from
hl3 looks he'd been playing tho races. Puck.
Barber Wouldn't you Ilka a bottle of our
hair-restorer? Customer No, thank you. I pre
fer to remain buld-headed. Barber Then our
hair-restorer la Just the thing you want, slr.-
TIt-Blts.
In a Nutihell. "How did you like the flnala
to my first act?" inquired tho playwright.
"I didn't see It." replied the nrstnlghter.
"Ah! Got thers too late, eh?" "No; went away
too soon." Philadelphia Press.
Plenty of That. Asklt Do you think there
was glory enough to go around at Santiago?
Telllt Yes, and there was loss of memory
enough to go all the way around Cuba and
back again. Balttmoro American.
A Real One. "Whew I exclaimed the first
pigeon, "wasn't that sparrow mad when I
swiped that grain of corn from him?" "I
should say." replied tho othr. "Talk about
your 'small hot bird I" Philadelphia Press.
An Advance In Art. "Mr3. Dash, what la
your club doing to help beautify tho city?"
"Oh. wo aro working hard to get tho clothing
houses to use the word "trousers Instead of
'pants' In their advertisements." Detroit Frca
Press.
A Sonjr of Time.
Frank L. Stanton. In Atlanta Constitution.
Little time for singing.
Little time for sighs;
Hear the bells a-rlnglng
To the world and skies:
"Lifetime is Lcve-time,
Love-tlmo Is May;
Heed Love who need Love
Love's for a day!"
Little time for reaping
"Wrorc the violet growsr
Though the world Is keeping
Still for Loe arose:
"Lifetime Is Love-time,
Love-time Is May;
Heed Love who need Love
Lovo's for a day!"
The Flying; Bird.
The Academy.
Oh happy bird, low poised above the blue.
Scorning tho toilsome earth.
Since downward first thy circling pinions flew
From th( high crannied home which gavo
thee birth;
Two kingdoms are thy own; o'er sky and sea
Thou wandcrest ever free.
Oh happy bird, thou hast no thought nor
care
I would not have thee know
"Whether twa3 hate or lovo or wild despair
That forced that yearning cry so long ago;
"Ah! could I with the halcyon take my flight.
When the blue wave flowers white."
Trodden ICIafies.
From Phllostratus, by Percy Osborn.
Between the earth and thy dear feet
To set a barrier were unmeet;
Fear not; thy steps, when thou dost pass.
Shall He as lightly as the gra33.
Oh music of thy footsteps dear!
New blossoms strangely springing hereT
Flowers, on the earth erewhlle unround!
Close kisses trodden- on the ground I