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THE MORNING ORErONTAN SATURDAY- OCTOBER
1901.
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TODAY'S WEATHER Generally lair, with
southwest to northwest winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 63; minimum temperature, 52; pre
cipitation, none. t
i
POltTLAXD, SATURDAY, OCTOcR S.
IXlfclUITOCS DUTIES.
It Is to be regretted that the reci
procity treaties now pending do not in
volve concessions to foreign manufac
turers of wares made cheaper here than
abroadr We alluded yesterday to the
case of steel billets, which can be made
here, according to Mr. Schwab, and de
llrwofl in Great Britain at 516 50 a ton,
whereas the English manufacturers
confess their inability to malce them for
Jess than $19. We pay higher wages
and the freight across, and yet under
sell them. ;
Now, there Is a protective tariff on
steel billets of 7 72 a ton. What neces
sity exists for it? None, absolutely. It
Jias always been maintained that the
danger 'in removing iron and steel tar
iffs Is that foreigners, through cheaper
processes and cheaper labor, would
drive our home mills out of business
and then put up the price, having our
consumers at their mercy. This argu
ment li in all the! old Careyite text
books on political economy. It falls ut
terly now, because the cheaper proc
esses of the foreigner have disap
peared. He is at a disadvantage wlth
onr-anen. If anybody needs protection,
it is the European, not the American.
What, then, is the effect of the duty?
The only effect is to enable our mills
to charge more at home than the inter
national market justifies. It is true
that the presence of potential compe
tition and perhaps business shrewdness
anxious for big sales and small profits
never brought us into serious distress
on this score, but the danger is none
the dess real, and as a matter of fact
the Tates have been higher than v free
competition would have given us.
Thus, In 1S96 the price of billets was
about $20 25, and throughout 1897 and
1898, hmsplte of improving business,
they sold at from $14 25 to $16 50. The
margin ofc profit at these prices was
not perhaps large, but itwas proba
bly something. During the boom of
1899, when the mills had more business
than they could attend to, the price was
run up rapidly until it reached $40 in
October, In an effort to discourage or
ders, and did not fall below $30 until
July, 1900. But as this was a period of
high prices in England also, the Imports
were small. From JjUly, 1900, until last
March the price of billets ran a dollar
or two above or below $20 most of the
time, when another era of high prices
of from $26 to $30 began. This still con
tinues, the present price ieing $26.
The reciprocity treaty jwith France
offers our iron and steel and allied in
dustries easier access into French mar
kets, as follows: Per cent
reduction.
Iron 5 to 46
Steel - C to 46
Machinery and tools - 33 1-3
Turbine and steam engines ............23 to 40
Sewing machines - 30
Bicycles 12
Locomotives 10 to 48
Stoves 33 1-3
Tet while the iron and steel and allied
interests are thus the main beneficiaries
of the treaty, there is no reduction pro
posed on the duties the United States
now maintains for the benefit of these
same domestic corporations, as for ex
ample: Per tons
Iron ore-. $ 40
Pig iron 4 00
Steel ingots and billets... 7 72
Steel rails .- 9 90
Structural Iron and steel.. ........... 11 20
3ar Iron .......... 13 44
Sheet iron (average thickness) 15 CS
Polished sheets - 44 SO
This is not tariff reform. The Bab
cock bill contains far more promise and
more honesty.
The face of J. Pierpont Morgan as a
delegate to an ecclesiastical body has
quite a different expression from that
of the same man in his Wall-street
office as he is negotiating a loan for a
million dollars or knitting his brows
over the formation of the great steel
trust The presentment Is that of a
many-sided American citizen who upon
all occasions and for all purposes has
himself well in hand. Here, it is said,
is a "self-made man," but it must be
conceded that his ancestors, among
whom was Rev. John Pierpont, de
scribed in a late magazine article as
"poet and preacher, an original thinker
and a combative reformer," endowed
him With good building material. This
John Pierpont, Mr. Morgan's maternal
grandfather, was not unknown to the
schoolboys of a former generation,
thousands ot whom declaimed the
poem
Stand! the ground's your own, my braves;
Will yc give it up to slaves?
With an ancestral bequest of patriot
Ism, freedom, commercial spirit, energy
and good health, a man ought to make
himself Into a citizen of large useful
ness and far-reaching power in the
world. This Mr. Morgan has done, and
for this he deserves the credit due to
the builder -who is too sagacious to
throw away or bungle good material.
OP NATIONAL IMPORTANCE.
New Tork City has never had a cam
paign of greater National interest and
importance than the one now Inaugu
rated by the two ndmlnations of Seth
XOw, Republican, and Edward M. Shep
ard, Democrat. Once again the line is
squarely drawn between two candi
dates, and the battle will be hot. At
the last election, three-cornered through
bad management of reformers and stub
bornness or worse of Piatt, Mr. Low
polled 151,000 votes, against 102,000 for
Tracy, regular "Republican, and 233,000
for Van Wyck, Tammany Democrat.
The vote against "Van Wyck was, there
fore, 253,000, or much more than enough
to elect, if combined on one man.
Whether Mr. Low can win this time
is problematical, owing to conflicting
and unforeseeable elements in New
Tork City politics, which are in gen
eral too complicated for outsiders to
understand. The question is one for the
dwellers in the metropolis to decide. If
they want an end of Tammany rule,
now Is their opportunity.
This election is of National concern,
not only because a right choice will
encourage friends of good government
in all our cities, but also because the
Mayor will operate under a new
charter which considerably extends and
strengthens the power of his office. New
Tork has tried what Portland is now
trying a scheme of Mayoral appoint
ments without Mayoral power of re
moval. "Van Wyck has been unable to
get rid of his Tammany appointees,
just as Mayor Rowe has been obliged
to continue the hold-over Fire and Po
lice Commissioners he found in office.
It is a ridiculous rule, as New Tork
has found out, and the new charter,
effective with the next administration,
restores the power of removal to the
Mayor's hands. Under the new charter
the Mayor has the right of removal of
any head of department appointed by
him "whenever in his judgment the
public interest shall require." In this
way he becomes directly responsible
not only for the choice of the heads of
departments, but for their conduct in
office.
There is still evident, however, the
firm conviction that the financial inter
ests of the city are best divorced from
the Mayor. The new charter empha
sizes the tendency revealed in the de
vice of an elective controllership. The
Department of Public Works, for exam
ple, has been denied authority over the
streets, sewers and public buildings of
each borough, and these have been
placed in the hands of the Borough
President, as Commissioner of Public
Works for the borough. Over these the
Mayor has, therefore no control. More
over, while the appointment of the
Commissioner of Police Is in the hands
of the Mayor, his removal may be made
either by the Mayor or by the Gover
nor of the state. Finally, the term of
the Mayor is cut down from four years
to two. A summary of the new char
ter's provisions, contributed by Mr.
George Xi. Rives to the North American
Review, notes these changes and depre
cates the two last named, as follows:
Both changes have this effect in common, that
they serve to make it more difficult for any
Mayor to find fit men to take office under him.
It is hard enough to get men who can earn a
good living In other employments to enter the
public service in any subordinate capacity. It Is
harder to get such men to take office for two
years than for four. And It will be almost
impossible tc secure the services of a capable
and self-respecting man where, as In the case
of the Police Commissioner, the appointee, to
keep his place, must satisfy two Independent
and sometimes hostile masters.
The new charter takes from the
Mayor some of the limited power over
the (City's financial affairs he enjoys at
present. Now he and his two appointees
are a majority in the Board of Esti
mate and Apportionment. Hereafter
he is to have but three of the sixteen
votes in the board. The Controller and
the President of the Board of Aldermen,
elected, as Is the Mayor, by the whole
city, have each three votes, and these
three officers have in all a majority of
the votes on financial matters.
On the whole, therefore", the new char
ter increases the Mayor's power, except
over apportionment of funds to depart
ments and their application to public
works; and, as the New Tork Times
pointedly says, "the changes have made
it even more essential than It was be
fore to sustain the cause of good gov
ernment In the coming election."
POLITICAL WISDOM OF FRAKCE.
Much is made by European political
observers of the triple alliance between
Germany, Austria and. Italy In Its in
fluence upon the preservation of peace
"upon the Continent. The dual alliance
between France and Russia seems to
us in its present stability quite as im
portant to the peace of Europe as the
famous work ot Bismarck's astute
mind and diplomatic skill. The triple
alliance undoubtedly placed France for
a time at serious disadvantage, for
she had not a powerful friend In Eu
rope, but her success in establishing
and maintaining an alliance with Rus
sia has placed France in a position to
maintain, her present condition of
serenity, which she needs to recover
from the waste of the terrible Franco
German War of 1870-71, and the finan
cial extravagance and misgovernment
that followed it The dual alliance be
tween France and Russia has been
most advantageous to both sides to the
compact. France Is able to furnish
Russia with the money she needs for
her present development, and Russia
has rescued France from the constant
threat of the triple alliance, at whose
mercy France remained until she nego
tiated her alliance with Russia.
France has paid for the. protection of
Russia by lending her millions of dol
lars for the completion of the Trans
Siberian Railway, for the 'construction
of projected canals, and for the en
largement and equipment of her army
and navy. No other country in Europe
save France was able or willing to lend
Russia the money she needed; France
was able to do it, and was willing to
do It, becauseit rescued her from iso
lation and assured her national exist
ence. The- present Waldeck-Rousseau
Government of France is the most suc
cessful that she has known since the
establishment of the third republic in
1871. France no longer vainly .ments
the loss of Alsace-Lorraine; she wages
no wars; she Is threatened by no politi
cal reaction In favor of monarchy. She
is serene because she feels a sense of
national security that was long absent
after her great humiliation of 1871.
Even if the alliance with Russia should
be broken, which is not probable,
France is secure from any such suc
cessful invasion on the part of Germany
as that of 1870-71. With the revolution
in modern warfare created by the im
provement of the military rifle In range
and rapidity of fire, the fortified fron
tier" of France could not possibjy be
forced by Germany.
France Is, of course, equally unable
to undertake the Invasion of Germany,
but all France needs .and seeks is to be
let alone. Her people re exceedingly
ingenious, industrious and-thrifty, and
fifty years of unbroken peace will make
France, from the economic and financial
point of view, the most prosperous
country of Continental Europe. The
last census shows that the ominous
decline in population has ceased, the
enumeration showing an increase of
over 450,000. The present Ministry is
fortunate in being a coalition of lib
eral republicans, advanced radicals and
socialists. The socialist party jin France
has 840,000 votes, and in 18SS captured
38 seats in the Chairiber of Deputies,
and today has two representatives in
the Cabinet, Messrs. Mlllerand and
Baudln. The present government is a
sincere unit for the republic, and by its
agreement on patriotic essentials has
been able to triumph over militarism,
capitalism and overoccleslastidsm.
The President of the Republic, M. Lou
bet, Is an able, honest man of humble
origin, sincerely devoted to the repub
lic. The present outlook for France,
compared with the dangers that con
fronted it during the struggle over jus
tice to Dreyfus, is full of promise and
hope for the future.
A IiATTER-DAY FRAXICLIN.
Horace Greeley was sometimes termed
by his, admirers "Our Latter-Day
Franklin." Greeley, however, bore
small resemblance to Franklin, save in
the superficial and inconsequential cir
cumstances that both were graduates
of the printer's case and both self
made, that is, self-educated men. But
no two men were more unlike in brain
and temper. Franklin was a wonder
fully versatile man; printer, man of
business, Arny Quartermaster-General,
politician, statesman, writer, scholar,
humorist, wit, diplomat, debater and
man of science; lacking nothing of in
tellectual gifts save the vivid imagina
tion that is necessary to a poet or a
great orator. A man of inquiring, in
dependent spirit, he yet was too much
a man of aftairs to play radical re
former; he was conservative in temper
and action. Greeley was nothing if not
an able critic and powerful evangelist
of radical political and social reform,
and, great and useful as was his ca
reer, he belongs to a far lower level of
permanent fame in our American his
tory than Franklin.
There died in Hartford, Conn., re
cently, in his 79th year, a man of
Franklin quality in the person of James
Goodwin Batterson. He was the son o"
a stonecutter, and learned his father's
trader he had previously learned the
printer's trade; he read law for a time,
but he was very poor, and, finally, giv
ing up all hope of having a profession,
went to marble-cutting, first at Litch
field and then at Hartford, beginning
as a builder of cheap country grave
stones and monuments. He became a
famous monument-builder. His best
work adorns the State Capitol at Hart
ford and the Congressional Library at
Washington. He was the beginner of
accident insurance and the founder of
one of the great Hartford life insur
ance companies. He managed to read
and study so thoroughly all his life
that he became a geologist, a mineralor
gist, an engineer and an Egyptologist.
He made himself so thorough a scholar
In Greek and Latin that he loved to
read and translate Homer and Virgil
every day. He made himself familiar
with French, Italian and Spanish liter
ature; was an earnest student of bib
lical literature. He was a severe stu
dent of statistics and political economy,
loved history, especially the history of
Connecticut and its famous towns,
Hartford and Litchfield. He acquired a
fine, critical taste in painting and sculp
ture; he wrote with great ability on
the subject of taxation; he was a very
impressivespeaker and keen debater;
a man of wit and logic, and his power
ful speech was supported by a most
commanding presence.
During the Civil War Mr. Batterson
was chairman of the Republican State
Central Committee and of the War
Committee, the right arm of War Gov
ernor Buckingham. Last Winter he
argued In favor of a constitutional con
vention. On the platform" or with the
pen he had the gift of lucid exposition
and 'that "exact, explicit speech which
Huxley defined when he gaid, "I seek
to speak so that I can stand cross
examination on every word." This won
derful old man, who won all his success
and all his learning by himself, prompt
ed by that strong thirst that makes su
perior men always succeed in cutting
their way to water, seems to us to have A
beenone who deserves to be called a
man of Franklin quality. Like Frank
lin, he was at once a mechanic, a man
of business, a politician, a debater, a
thinker, a scholar, a scientist, an engi
neer, a political economist, and always,
from youth to old age, a most conspicu
ous man of affairs. Give such a man
the ability to read, write and compute,
and he is sure to become a thoroughly
educated man by his own efforts.
THE PRESIDENT AND PENSIONS.
The effort to secure the removal of
H. Clay Evans, the just and honest
Commissioner of Pensions, was renewed
with the advent of the new Adminis
tration. The friends of ex-Representative
Peters, of Kansas, had the effront
ery to ask President Roosevelt to oust
Mr. Evans and appoint Mr. Peters, on
the plea that they felt sure that Presi
dent McKinley intended to make just
this change, had his life been spared.
It is reported that President Roosevelt
has satisfied himself by investigation
that this claim was utterly without
foundation in fact. Commissioner
Evans is, therefore, in no danger of
being disturbed, and Is sure not to re
tire under the fire of the pension at
torney "awkward squad" of the G. A.
R The truth is that the Pension Of
fice has never been so conscientiously
administered In the interest of the vet
eran as under Commissioner Evans.
We are today more than thirty-six
years distant from the close of the Clv.il
War, and yet the number of names on
the pension roll is greater than ever
before, but the amount paidto pension
attorneysls considerably less. In this
fact 'that more is paid out in pensions
and less in fees to attorneys lies tne
root of the hostility of 'the pension
sharks to the present Commissioner of
Pensions, Who' has put the original
claims for pensions ahead of the claims
for increased allowances, thus declining
to keep origina claimants waiting while
those already on the rolls were given
increased amounts.
Commissioner "Evans, made it part of
his duty to see, as far as possible, that
applicants entitled to pensions should
understand that a just claim will be as
promptly and fully considered and as
quickly p"aid, when allowed, without
the employment Of a claim agent to
advance It. The pension attorneys at
once proceeded to organize an attack
upon Commissioner Evans. Fifty thou
sand pension attorneys are supported
today out of needless commissions from
their od comrades. These cormorant
pension a'ttorneys have been the real in
spirers of extravagant' and vicious leg
islation in the past in the matter of
pensions. They constitute a powerful
lobby at Washington, and It Is this
lobby that wages warfare at every op
portunity upon 'the Commissioner of
Pensions. It 13 pointed out-by the ad
vocates of just administration of our
pension system that there is great need
of a revision of the entire pension rolls.
The pensioners living in the District
ot Columbia many of them office-holders,
each receives an average of $162
a year, but "the pensioners in South
Dakota get an average of only $108, and
those In Connecticut $116; those in
Pennsylvania get $127. But In Ohio the
average payment is $143, and in Indiana
$153, in Wisconsin $154 and in Vermont
$160. "
This difference cannot be explained
except upon the ground that in the
District of Columbia, in Vermont, Ohio,
Wisconsin and Indiana, political pull
has had much to do with the manu
facture of pensions through the enact
ment of special bills. There is no rea
son why any veteran with an honest
claim cannot get It presented, adjudi
cated, allowed and paid without em
ploying a so-called pension "attorney,"
of whom there are over 50,000 engaged
In the pension business, and the most
conspicuous of whom, like Corporal
Tanner, have never received any appre
ciable legal education or had any ex
perience before the courts entitling
them to be considered as attorneys in
the legitimate, ordinary understanding
of the word.
President Roosevelt, It is reported,
will take earlj action to put examining
surgeons in pension cases under civil
service rules. There are about 3000 of
these surgeons scattered about the
country, and great complaint is made
at the Pension Office concerning some
of their careless work. To illustrate:
Twenty applicants from the same sec
tion of the country were all examined
by the same surgeons, and In every
one of the twenty cases the surgeons
gave the pensionable status of these
men as due to heart disease. Com
missioner Evans was so astonished by
this report that twenty men examined
at one time for pensions all had heart
disease that he ordered examinations
to be made by other surgeons, when it
was discovered that not a single one
of the twenty applicants had heart dis
ease. In another instance certain per
sons were examined by a half a dozen
different boards of surgeons, and in
every case the boards differed, as to
what was the matter with the appli
cants. Nearly all the boards agreed
that the applicants ought to be pen
sioned, but each board gave a differ
ent reason for. its opinion.
At a time wjien abdut 40 per cent of
the revenue of the Government in time
of peace is applied to pensions, it is
not unreasonable that the whole exam
ining surgeon branch of our pension
system should be completely reformed,
for examining surgeons who could
make such reports as those we have
cited must be either professional fools
or political knaves. No wonder Presi
dent Roosevelt thinks these examining
surgeons in pension cases should be put
under civil service rules.
Dr. Monfeit, in a paper read recently
before the Medical and Surgical Society
In Paris, made the startling statement
that mortality in France from tuber
culosis is 300 per cent higher than in
England, with an equal population,
though the climate of England Is more
favorable to the development of the dis
ease. This result, he declares, Is due
to bad and Insufficient food for the
working classes, owing to the "enor
mous taxation." A statement of this
kind shadows heavily the brilliant mili
tary display recently made on the
Plain of Bethany, since only by "enor
mous taxation" of the working people
can the present military prestige of
France be maintained.
One could almost wish that Sir
Thomas Lipton had carried off rthe
prize. He is a fair-minded, chivalrous,
Rlucky sportsman. He has made his
contest like a man. America has held
the cup so long, and Lipton is so true a
sportsman, that exultation in the Amer
ican victory this year is tempered by
the feeling expressed in Whittier's
poem, "In School Days" "I hate to go
above you." Besides, the closeness of
the races shows no margin of which the
victor can boast. Sir Thomas Lipton
doesn't get the cup; but he can have
anything else in America that he may
want . i
Prince Nakachidze, a Russian who
was banished from Italy as a nihilist
and a dangerous anarchist, has re
turned and has been arrested at Rome.
He will be expelled again. He was ex
pelled from France in 1886 for making
bombs, and was condemned to death
in Russia in 1887 for plotting to kill the
Czar. The Prince is dying of consump
tion. He said when he 'was (arrested:
"I am not harming anybody. Why can
I not be. allowed to die in peace?" Why
didn't the Prince allow the Czar to die
In peace?
There was a grand charge of 30,000
cavalry, at Compiegne, France, for the
entertainment of the Czar of Russia.
As a spectacle, it Was splendid, but
5000 marksmen armed with Mausers
could have utterly broken that mag
nificent body of cavalry at the distance
of half a mile In open plain. No body
of cavalry could retain any charging
power at 100 rods distant from a strong
line of modern riflemen.
"White House road" was good enough
in the days when the objective point
in driving over it was the place with
questionable attractions, from which
the road took its faarae. All this is in
and of the past. The driveway, as a
driveway, is attractive and indeed de
lightful, and with the improvements
now contemplated will well deserve the
more appropriate name of "Riverdale
Boulevard."
It is safe to say that no body of
insurgent Filipinos will ever again get
between, a company of American troops
and their quarters and arms, while the
troops are at breakfast or at any other
time. If car No. 79 of the Washington
street line had been provided with fend
ers, little Henry Collins would be alive
today. Other cities require them, and
so should Portland.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A HOME:
- San Francisco Bulletin.
Some witty and domestically unhappy
judge defined home to be the place where
a man goes when he has nowhere else to
go. A good many men seem to accept
this definition. They .make of home a
mere dormitory and restaurant, and ex
cept at meal time or bed time are never
to be found under the domiciliary roof.
Yet home should be the pleasantest place
on earth, and a mart ought to enjoy his
hearth as the nearest-approach to a mun
dane elysium.
3Sfa matter how humble a man's position
in life, no matter how his businets or his
necessities compel him to knuckle down
to others and sacrifice his pride, no mat
ter what selfishness and injustice he en
counters in the world, at home if it be a
true home his spirit enlarges and ac
quires a sense of freedom and impor
tance. There, if nowhere else, he is
treated as an equal and a free man. There,
if nowhere else, he has dignity and posi
tion. Home Is not merely a furnished house
occupied by relatives. Home is an idea, a
tradition, a miniature Utopia. Every fam
ily "does not succeed in making a home.
Relatives may live together and their
common abode be no more a home than a
rabbit warren is a home.
To the man who has no home and the
bachelor dwelling in a. hotel or boarding
house is merely camping out there is
nothing plcasanter than to spend a day or
an evening in a real home, where all the
members of the family get on well to
gether and lovo one another. Home Is
made possible only by mutual forbear
ance, tact and by a sort of well-fitting
discipline. One sharp tongue, one vine
gary temperament, one shrew, male or
female, can ruin a home and turn para
dise into hell. That is why so many fam
ilies fail to create a true home.
All must co-operate to make the home
cheerful. There must be a willingness to
share the work and responsibility. Each
member of the family should make allow
ances for the other. Above all, tongues
should be curbed and all speech should be
gentle.
Dwellers in a home owe it to the home
to be as scrupulously considerate of one
another as they are to strangers and
guests. A man should bo as polite to his
wife as to other women. Ho has no right
to come to dinner en famille unshaved or
with soiled cuffs. He should show her
the little attentions which he never fails
to show women whom he knows only
slightly and for whom he may care noth
ing. On the other hand, a woman should be
as attentive to husband, father or brother
as to the chum whom he may Bring home
to dinner. A wife should be as pretty and
well dressed when she dines alone with
her husband as when there is company.
All her good clothes, her Jewelry and her
smiles should not be spent on persons to
whom she is more or less Indifferent.
There are many beautiful homes in small
houses and many noble mansions are
abodes of bitterness and infelicity. A
home is beautiful only when it is ruled by
Iove. Gardens, commodious rooms, fine
furnishings do not make the beautiful
home. There must be beautiful souls;
there must be charity and patience.
t
AN ANTHRACITE INVASION.
Philadelphia Times.
The chartering of the British steamship
Ormsby to take a cargo of anthracite
coal from Philadelphia to Stettin, thence
to be shipped by rail to Berlin, where
the 3500 tons are to be burned in Ameri
can stoves, marks a new and distinctive
departure m the coal trade. The produc
ers of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania
have several times made an effort to open
up a market in Europe for their output,
but in vain. The Philadelphia & Read
ing Coal & Iron Company several years
ago sent agents over Europe to endeavor
to( Introduce their coal. The product was
shipped in bags and Its heating capaci
ties were tested In most of the European
capitals. Our friends on the other side
were Interested in the experiment, but
pointed out the fact that their furnaces
and stoves were adapted to the use of
English or Welsh coal, which apparently
produced better results.
This later experiment has been made
along different lines. The stoves have
been shipped ahead, and they have been
tested with Welsh fuel. Now they will
be tested with American fuel, and the
outcome will be watched with interest.
The Cardiff miners greatly fear the com
petition of our bituminous coal, which
has only been kept out of Europe by
heavy freight rates. The reduction in the
rates by tramp steamers has sent more
cargoes of soft coal this year to Mediter
ranean ports than ever before, and our
foreign market for this product is con
tinually growing, So Philadelphia ship
pers say.
If this anthracite experiment Is a suc
cess We may expect the British Parlia
ment to take some notice of It, as was
done a year ago, when' the whole matter
of American competition was thoroughly
discussed in Parliament when the export
tax of a shilling a ton In coal was about
to be' imposed. England's first export tax
was a revenue measure Intended to help
pay expenses of the Boer War. Any ad
ditional legislation to shut off competi
tion, whether by taking off the export tax
or otherwise, would be distinctively a
protective law
A Disturber of the Labor Market.
v Philadelphia North American.
The cotton manufacturers of Fall River,
than whom there is no more sordid, grasp
ing combination of wage-parers in the
country, are raging against Matthew
Borden for blocking their scheme to force
the mlllworkers to strike. Mr. Borden is
a .disturber of the "community of inter
ests" which they sought to establish by
a conspiracy to reduce wages. They
complained of overproduction and low
prices, and Mr. Borden deprived them of
that excuse by buying the entire surplus
of cloth at an advance and making many
thousands of dollars by the transaction.
Tho plot of the millowners was to cut
wages 15 per cent and exasperate the op
eratives into striking. Mr. Borden promp
ly raised the wages of his 3000 employes 5
per cent. The Bourne mills have followed
hislead, and If the wage-cutting conspir
ators hold out against the advance they
may have to face a genuine strike that
will leave their mills idle, while Borden,
the disturber, makes print cloth and
money.
Emotional Imnrncttcables.
New York Times.
Senator- Dolllver has made a fitting
answer' to the many wild schemes now
promulgated by orators and writers, who
forget that measures of irresponsible
despotism are out of place In a modern
republic, even though the object of the
measures Is the crushing of vermin like
the anarchists. Senator Dolllver knows
better, and so does everybody else, In and
out of pulpits, who thinks before he
speaks and realizes the value of freedom
even though, like other good things. It
can be and Is abused.
Time Is Ripe.
Harrisburg Bulletin.
The time is ripe and the duty incum
bent. Every newspaper in Oregon should
lend its influence and energy in to assist
in making the 1905 exposition at Portland
a success. The advantages of this gath
ering is incalculable, not only to Oregon,
but to the whole Pacific Coast. To make
this exposition all that it should be will
require the united effort of all, and tho
early commencement of work will Insure
a better outcome than to dally.
Let Him Say His Say.
Philadelphia Ledger.
There Is merit in Mr. Bryanls plea for
freedom of speech. The danger In re
stricting it is greater than the peril In
permitting It. There must be proper lim
itations; a man must not be permitted to
openly counsel assassination or Incendi
arism; but where the speaker does not
Incite to crime he should be permitted to
say his say.
AllDSEMENTS.
Of course it is something of a shock
not to say a jolt to see Thomas Q. Sea
brooke in a comedy -which contains but
one song, and that introduced rather un
ceremoniously, but a man who can be
come the life and soul of a comedy like
Sydney Rosenfeld's "A Modern Crusoe"
can hardly be denied the right to secede
from the constellation of comic opera,
stars if he chooses to. Mr. Seabrooke
appeared in his new play at the Mnr
quam last night to a very large audience,
composed mostly of people who thought
they were going to hear another "Round
ers." They didn't. "A Modern Crusoe"
Is just a legitimate comedy, with all
sorts of seriousness sandwiched in be
tween the funnylsms, but it is one which
Seabrooke has made to suit him almost as
well as his part In "The Isle of Cham
pagne," and his ability to be amusing
without the aid of his wonderful knack
of singing songs puts him in class one
of American comedians, .a tolerable high
berth for a beginner In the legitimate.
The plot of "A Modern Crusoe" has.
a piece of opera bouffe. It chiefly con
cerns one Drexel Ward, a multl-mllllon-alre
whose household Is so ordered that
by pressing a button he can have In
stantly deposited at his feet anything
he may desire, from ,a package of car
pet tacks to a self-binding harvester.
He doesn't happen to want either of
these commodities, but the inference Is
plainly that he has things arranged so
he could get them if he did. This Ward,
having more money than he can use in his
manifold business Interests, becomes the.
"angel" of a scientific expedition , around
the world, on a steamer which Is fitted
with more luxuries than a vestibulcd
limited, but which, in spite of all Its
magnificence, goes down on a reef, while
Ward and his party, consisting of a fe
male physician, a prince, a scientist and
several other ornaments of society, take
to a small boat and are cast ashore on a
desert Island, where telegraph offices are
unknown, and push-buttons are not Indlg
clnous to the soil. Together with the
rescued party is a youth named Arnold,
George Arnold, to be more explicit, a
former secretary of Ward's, who was dis
missed because of a fondness for the
millionaire's niece. This young man, who
has never been able to make a living In
a civilized country, becomes suddenly a
master of woodcraft and a mighty slayer
of Island sheep, and by dint of his su
perior abilities of earning a livelihood is
exalted to the post of ruler of the party,
while the prince Is doomed to chop fire
wood, and Ward to dig potatoes. Of course
the party gets back to the land of serv
ants and electricity, a naval vessel being
the means of their deliverance. Ward
renews life with his beloved spouse and
his no less beloved buttons, the prince
slides easily into oblivion, Arnold marries
the niece, and all is well.
Seabrooke, funny in the first act. Is
funnier in the second and funniest In
the third. His Imperious demands for
servants on his arrival on the Island is
but a prelude to his excruciating behavior
when he reappears in a- suit of Under
wear and palm leaves later on, and woe
fully bewails the sad fate that has forced
him to eat his bread In the sweat of
his face. It is here that he Interpolates
a delightful little song. "When Shake
speare Comes to Town," which he sang
last night with so much of his old-tlmo
cleverness that he was obliged to supply
all the encore stanzas in his repertoire.
He was, in fact, so nearly the whole
thing that drags were very noticeable
duripg his absence from the stage, al
though the support is capable. He re
ceived curtain calls after the second and
third acts, and at tho close of the sec
ond was compelled to respond with a
graceful speech, composed of about a
dozen words.
Miss Isabelle Evesson, as Dr. Agatha
Moore, is the star of the support, but 13
closely seconded by Miss Elizabeth Stew
ard, who played Lydia, Ward's niece.
Leighton Leigh, as Captain Fayril, 'does
some excellent character work. L. P.
Hicks as Savage, the administrator of the
estate of the presumably deceased Ward,
Lynn Pratt as George Arnold, aid Mr.
Arthur Magill as Professor Deddkin, all
are equal to their parts.
The mounting is elaborate, and the cos
tuming very appropriate. In the second
act the costumes of the women were
especially striking. Miss Evesson wearing
a dress of Samoan bark given her by Mr.
Robert Louis Stevenson.
"A Modem Crusoe" will be repeated
tonight and at the matinee this after
noon. HITCHCOCK A STAYER.
St. Paul Pioneer Press. --
When President Roosevelt extended an
invitation to the members of President
McKinley's Cabinet to stay with 'him in
their respective places, so cordial and so
earnest that all felt bound to comply
with his request, they nevertheless all
understood that In the nature of the case
that request on his part and Its ac
ceptance on theirs carried with It, the im
plied reservation that as the responsible
head of the Government ho wa3 at full
liberty at any time to make any change
in his Cabinet which he felt was required
In the interests of the public service.
The only member of the Cabinet, so far
as known, who does not place this in
terpretation upon the President's request
is Secretary Hitchcock. He construes it
to mean an unqualified engagement" on
the part of the President to retain him
until the end of his term, and, on his
part, he gives notice of his Intention to
stick to the President closer than a
brother until that time. He announces
not that he is willing to stay so long as
his services are satisfactory to the Pres
ident, but that he is glad to stay and
wants to stay, thus putting his personal
wishes so far In the foreground as to
make It embarrassing for the President,
if he should come, upon a fuller acquaint
ance with the state of business In the
Interior Department, to entertain other
views. Now It happens that this Is the
only department of the Government about
the administration of which there has
been any general complaint. It Is unde
niable that there Is a great deal of dis
satisfaction with the management of af
fairs in that department, with the end
less and wearisome delays which ob
struct the transaction of business. Im
portant cases that should have been
promptly decided years ago drag their
slow length through interminable rounds
of red tape In the complicated mazes of
this circumlocution office. Mr. Hitchcock
is an agreeable gentleman. His upright
ness Is beyond question. He is a capa
ble business man. But the complaint Is
that he lacks the force and decision of
character necessary to the highest execu
tive efficiency. He does not see his way
clear and fears to push ahead lest he
gets stuck in some invisible hole. It was
recent complaints of this character, to
gether with intimations that he might
wish to tender his resignation and permit
the President to exercise his choice in
the matter ot making a changer which
furnished the occasion for Secretary
Hitchcock's announcement of hfs deter
mination to hold on to his office until
the end of the President's term. Indel
icate as such an announcement would be
in any case. It was rendered singularly so
by the circumstances under which It was
made. But if Secretary Hitchcock wants
to keep his -place it is safe to say that
he can only do so by presenting a record
of satisfactory and efficient work. He
knows this If he knows Theodore Roose
velt. And thus there Is some ground to
believe that the Secretary Intends to turn
over a new leaf In the administration of
his department, and to put Its sluggish,
tape-tied wheels in motion under the
impulse of the fresh energy and new am
bition inspired by the oversight of an
exacting chief.
LoKt in the Slmfllc.
Baltimore Herald.
Maclay, who was mainly responsible for
the Schley court of inquiry, seems, to be
completely overlooked In the rapid ac
cumulation of other targets for criticism
in connection with tho case.
NOTE" AND- COMMENT.
Better luck next time, Sir Thomas.
The cup Is a goods deal of a home body.
That time allowance was a friend In
need. -J
Thomas W. Lawsm was not asked for
any comments.
The Court of Inquiry is beginning to
wax interesting. ,
Friday was an unlucky day, even for a
mascot like a shanrock.
There was plenty of wind for the races,
and W. J. Bryan 20)0 miles away.
Another nail hasoeerf 'driven into the
pedestal of the ancient piece of silver
ware. Lord Kitchener reparfe-wlth regret that
he Is yet uncertain vhere howlll eat his
Christmas dinner.
What does the Conmander-lri-Chlef of
the Army and Navy need of the, title of
brevet Brlgadier-Gensral.
The celebration that was to have taken
place in London when the Shamrock lifted
the cup has been indefinitely postponed.
Columbia, the sent of tho ocean.
Tho yacht that Is qjecn of tho sea.
Thou'rt entitled to paxiots' devotion.
For they've won lot3of money on thee.
King Edward annouwes his Intention to
travel when the Souta African War la
over. It Is understood that he has not
yet bought his tickets.
The question has arisen as to whether
or not an oath taker over the telephone
Is legal. It certainly ought to be if there
is anything in commm usage.
The two Kansas beys who have raised
C5 bushels of potatoes are disappointed in
not having an opptrtunlty to build a
yacht to win back tht cup from Lipton.
It is a trifle more than half a century
since the first woman was admitted in the
medical profession of this country. Forty
years later there i$ere 3C00 in regular
practice, besides ar army of trained
nurses, who in ordhary cases were a
fairly good substittte for the regular
practitioner. It Is estlnated that the num
ber has doubled sine 1SS9. Women have
not got along so wdl In England as In
the United States. Tiere are only S6 lady'
physicians in London and vicinity, but
there are 336 in 'nrtive service in the
United Kingdom and in India and China.
In 1S31 the Sultan if Turkey surprised
Europe by opening She doors ot medical
colleges to women. Four years later he
repented of this innovation, but permit
ted foreign women t practice in his do
minions. One Turkish lady slipped through
college while Its, doo's were open and 13
permitted to practice
A year ago the hu'iband of Mrs. Mary
Hlrsch, a New York voman. met with an
injury that preventedi him from attending
to his work and also nade him subject to
epileptic fits. Mrs. Hlrsch is an expert
needlewoman, and haa been able to keep
the family together, in spite of the fact
that her husband had taken to drink. The
other morning, after a hard night's drink
ing, he arose from the breakfast table,
drew a revolver from his pocket and said;
"I am going to kill you all." There was
Insanltj- In his look, but Mrs. Hlrsch re
mained perfectly cool. 'Where did you get
that pistol?" she asked pleasantly, as the
madman came toward her. He did not an
swer, but leveled the weapon at her head.
The woman never flinched, but said In
even tones: "Now, Henry, if you do that
they will lock you up, and then you
won'.t be able to get a drink at all." Tho
maniac had been preparing for resistance,
for terrible cries, for flight for anything
but 'this. It confused him and he mut
tered, "That's so," as he put away tho
weapon and left the house. Half an
hour later he was on his way to the In
sane department at Beilevue Hospital.
Mrs. Hlrsch was terribly shaken by tho
experience, but soon recovered.
A DAItWIMAX THEORY.
"Why the Drowning Man Always
Throve Up His Hands.
Cincinnati Inquirer.
The usual Idea that a drowning man is
stretching out his hands for aid, or
"catching at straws," is not altogether
satisfactory. A possible explanation haa
lately been suggested, and this supposes
that the drowning man, losing all his
acquired habits, and even some of those
Inherited from more recent parents, in
his terror goes back to the Instinctive
movements of his arboreal ancestors, and
the movements of the drowning man aro
those of the frightened ape, seeking safety
by clinging to the nearest tree.
The movement Is certainly instinctive,
for it can only be eliminated by consider
able training and voluntary efforts, and
yet It Is fatal to the Individual, for the
specific gravity of the human body Is so
nearly that of water that the removal
of the arms from the supporting fluid at
once sinks the face beneath the surface.
In oases of so-called "cramps," the victim,
often a highly trained swimmer, generally
throws up the hands, but these cases are
probably due to heart failure, and a simi
lar movement takes place on land when
the subject receives a fatal heart wound,
and is even a common expression of
shock or astonishment. The ordinary
movements of walking or running would
keep a man's face above water, but theso
curious climbing movements of both hands
and feet make floating impossible, and
are responsible for many deaths by
drowning.
Mrs. Belmont Sponsor for Submarine.
New York Ledger.
Christened by the fair hands of two
beautiful women, the Holland subma
rine torpedo boats, the Nicholson and the
Porpoise, were launched this afternoon
at the Crescent shipyard, Elizabeth N.
J. Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont and Miss
Jessie Maxwell Moore, daughter of
Charles A. Moore, president of the Mon
tauk Club, Brooklyn, were the sponsors,
and the ceremony took place under tho
sunny sky of a perfect Autumn day. Tho
original date for the double launching
was last Thursday, when President Mc
Kinley had promised to be present, and
it was postponed, owing to his death.
Mrs. Belmont was dressed In black and
white, with a black picture hat, and car
ried a superb boquet of American Beau
ties. Miss Moore was gowned In pale
pastel rose broadcloth, and her arms
were fillled with pink roses.
On October 10 the torpedo boat Shark
will be launched, and Miss Walnwrlght,
daughter of Captain Walnwrlght, super
intendent of the Naval Academy at Ann
apolis, will be her sponsor. The Plunger
will be launched later.
The Eresidentlal Belt.
Springfield, Mass., Republican.
With the exception of Andrew Johnson,
every President since ISjC has come from
the short group of states which follow
the southern shore of the Great Lakes
from New York to Illinois, inclusive. These
live statea New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Indiana and Illinois run In a line side by
side. New York has furnished Arthur,
Cleveland and Roosevelt ; Pennsylvania,
Buchanan; Ohio. Hayes, Garfield and Mc
Kinley; Indiana, Harrison, and Illinois,
Lincoln and Grant. It may now be fairly
called the Presidential belt, anu It seems
almost hopeless for any one who lives
outside of it to become President of the
United States.