THE MORNING- OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST IT, 1901.
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TESTERDATS WEATHER-Maxlmum tem-
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TODATS "WEATHER Fair; westerly winds.
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, AUGUST 17.
A COLOMBIAN MISAPPREHENSION.
"In the name of the Most Holy Trin
ity." Such is the devout salutation with
which favor is entreated upon our un
dertakings with Latin American He
publics. Yet as with prayers for rain,
its beneficence in fact is debatable.
Notwithstanding this Invocation and
the eternal amity sworn over and over
again, and the pious exclamation
"'Which God forbid" reverently intro
duced after references to possible rup
tures, our South American relations are
principally stories of troubles. We are
the big brother of some exceedingly
troublesome and bumptious kids.
There is Ecuador. "With her we have
nothing left of three-quarters of a cen
tury of diplomacy but an insignificant
affair touching extradition of crimi
nals. The rest are adjudicated claims
of American citizens for outrages suf
fered there or else have been "abro
gated by notice from the Ecuadorian
Government."
Then there is Venezuela. No agree
ment is extant between us. In 1836 we
made a treaty of "Peace, Amity, Com
merce and Navigation" which termi
nated in 1851, "pursuant to a notice
from the Government of "Venezuela."
In 1860 we again swore eternal friend
ship in a treaty of "Amity, Commerce
and Navigation and Extradition." This
also "'terminated October 22, 1870," pur
suant to notice from Venezuela. Four
conventions were held and exasperat-
ig delays and equivocations of all
sorts were suffered in an attempt to
collect damages sustained by certain of
cur citizens there. The first conven
tion over this affair was framed in
1866. and the settlement was not finally
ratified by Venezuela till 1890, the
amount involved being in the neigh
borhood of $1,000,000. Our undertaking
in Venezuela's behalf in 1894 is still
fresh in mind. Yet the relation has no
reciprocal bearing. The country's for
eign commerce, even, is in hands for
the most part unfriendly to the United
states.
The Republic of Colombia, established
in 1819. was divided in November, 1831,
into three independent republicsNew
Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador. In
1862 the name of New Granada was
changed to the United States of Co
lombia, and in 1886 this was shortened
to the Republic of Colombia, Perhaps
Je have had better luck with Colom
bia wan witn any otner csoutn Amer
ican state. At any rate, a number of
most friendly and serviceable treaties
are in force between us. There is the
original treaty of "Peace, Amity, Nav
igation and commerce," made in 1846
with old New Granada, superseding
the one of 1824 with the yet older united
Colombia, the consular convention of
1850, the extradition convention of 1888,
beside two small matters of claims
Investigated and awarded.
But a curious misapprehension seems
exist with reference to our right
duty of helping Colombia to main-
order on the Isthmus. The lan-
re of the treaty (December 12, 1846)
Ihls head is as follows:
United States guarantee positively and
piously to New Granada ... the per-
neutrallty of the before mentioned
Isthmus with the view that the free transit
rom the one to the other sea may not be
interrupted or embarrassed in any future time
chile this treaty exists; and in consequence
"the United States also guarantee, in the same
manner, the rights of sovereignty and prop
erty which Kew Granada (Colombia) nas and
possesses over the said territory.
The passage, obviously, is open to
construction. It may mean that we
are to help Colombia to maintain do
mestic order on the Isthmus, or it may
mean that we are to keep off foreign
interference. But we have seen no con
temporary reference to the fact that
the meaning of the passage has already
been officially established. It is open
to construction, truly enough, but it
has already been construed, and the
force of the language is defined In
ample historical record. The position
of the United States has always been
that the duty of keeping transit across
the Isthmus open and free rests, under
the treaty, upon Colombia, and that
the United States is not bound to re
spond to requests of Colombia for aid
In the performance of that duty, unless
the "neutrality" of the Isthmus, i. e.,
the sovereignty of Colombia there, is
attacked by a foreign power. Colom
bia has acknowledged this Interpreta
tion in her confession of damages "aris
ing out of her privilege and obligation
to preserve peace and good order along
the transit route." Our position was
definitely laid down by Attorney-General
Speed In 1865, when he somewhat
tartly dismissed the idea that Colom
bia had "invited the United States to
become a party to the intestine trou
bles of that government," or that the J
United States had "become bound to
take sides In her domestic broils."
Our warships are going to Panama,
but not, as the Preach say, to exercise
sovereignty and interference under the
treaty of 1846. They are for the protec
tion of American citizens. They are
as legitimately there as the Phaeton
is now and the Icarus soon will be,
and for no other ends. Perhaps the day
will come when our arms will raise the
Stars and Stripes at Bogota as they
have done at Manila and San Juan.
Perhaps the sooner that day comes the
better for the precarious business and
the harassed existence of that vicissi
tudinous land. But it wiR'not be done
now. It will not be done under the
treaty of 1846.
OUTRAGE OP THE CIVIL SERVICE
LAW."
When the civil service law is not out
raged in the letter it often is in
spirit The recent decapitation of Con
sul Sawter, of Glauchau, Germany, is a
recent Illustration. He is the official
who, according to Secretary Gage, had
'been instrumental in saving millions to
the United States Treasury by his ex
pert knowledge of the woolen goods
trade. In his term of office the under
valuation of German exports to the
United States from the Glauchau dis
trict had been reduced to a minimum.
Consul Sawter, unfortunately for his
permanence in office, had been origin
ally appointed by President Cleveland
from Connecticut. A Bridgeport Re
publican lately sought the place, and
the Connecticut delegation joined in a
demand upon the President for the re
moval of Consu.1 Sawter. The demand
was complied with.
Another and still more remarkable
Illustration of the domination of the
spoils system -is the removal from the
postoffice at Newcastle, Ky., of Ger
trude Saunders, a widow with several
children, to make room for James P.
Gray, a dentist, a local politician, who
wanted this office, which pays $60 a
month, and will allow this dentist time
to attend to his regular business. Mrs.
Saunders' husband, a steadfast Repub
lican, was appointed postmaster under
President Harrison, and when he died
she was appointed to succeed her hus
band. Under President Cleveland the
widow with her children to support was
left undisturbed. She held on to the
office during McKinley's first term. In
all this time there were no charges
against her, and the administration of
Newcastle postoffice was satisfactory
to everybody save Gray, who wanted
the widow's mite. Senator Deboe
supported Gray. Poor Mrs. Saun
ders went to Washington, obtained
an audience with the Postmaster-GenT
eral and the President, and explained
her case. She went home in full confi
dence that she should remain in office.
This was in the latter part of June.
But a week ago the Fourth Assistant
Postmaster-General announced her dis
missal and the appointment of Dentist
Gray. The Kentucky Democrats were
too chivalrous to turn this poor widow
out of her little office, but Senator De
boe was not.
Then there is the case of Sapp, the
United States Internal Revenue Col
lector at Louisville, Ky.f whose term
has expired, but who will probably
continue to serve indefinitely without
the formality of reappointment, despite
the fact that the National Civil Service
Association has made out a complete f
case against him for flagrant violation
of the civil service laws, and long since
requested his removal before the end of
his term. So bad has been the record
of Sapp that the Ixmisville Courier
Journal described him as "a good
asset"; that is, that the renomination of
Sapp, which was urged by United
States Senator Deboe, would be a good
card to play against the Republican
party in Kentucky. The ultimate dis
position of the case of Sapp will be re
garded as another test of the Adminis
tration's devotion to Its civil service
reform pledges.
The case of Postmaster Hicks, of
Philadelphia, was fully investigated by
the investigating committee of the Na
tional Civil Service Reform League, but
the Postmaster-General In a recent let
ter to the committee upheld the course
of Postmaster Hicks, despite his ad
mission that he secured the admission
of persons into the classified service
without examination. Postmaster Hicks
does not deny that Margaret B. Hicks,
his own sister, was thus appointed and
carried on the rolls of the postoffice at
Wayne, Pa., from October 1, 1899, until
January 1, 1900, and paid at the rate of
$600 per annum, but never performed,
any service, and that on the latter
date she was transferred as a clerk to
the Philadelphia postoffice, where she
had previously served illegally and
had been suspended upon the complaint
of the Civil Service Commission. Will
iam Dudley Foulke, on behalf of the
Investigating committee of the National
Civil Service Reform League, has re
plied to this letter of the Postmaster
General, and fairly says that the post
master who sought to fill his office with
employes obtained in this surreptitious
manner (among others his own sister,
who could not pass examination, and
who was paid for services she did not
perform) is not a fit officer to be
charged with the maintenance of the
civil service law, which he has openly
opposed, In such an Important place as
the postoffice In Philadelphia.
Another violation of the civil service
rules is the employment of laborers in
the classified service without examina
tion, a vicious practice that has become
frequent In the department at Wash
ington and elsewhere. Thus far the
President has given no heed to the ap
peals and recommendations of the com
mittee concerning these further breaks
which the spoilsmen are effecting in
the reformed civil service.
OUR "YOUNG GUARD" COMING ON.
Napoleon had a corps known as "The
Old Guard" in his army, and in his
decline of military glory the flower of
his conscripts were called "The Young
Guard." At the various Federal Sol
diers Homes at Dayton, O.; Milwaukee,
Wis.; Togus, Me.; Hampton, Va.; Leav
enworth, Kan.; Santa Monica, Cal.;
Marion, Ind., and Danville, 111., there
are about 27,000 veterans who might
be called "The Old Guard." Among
the inmates "that have recently been
added to the Danville, 111., Soldiers'
Home are reported three "robust"
young men, who are there supported
by the Government on the strength of
their political pull and their enlistment
for the Spanish-American War. These
robust young men are the avant-cour-iers
of the "Young Guard" of the pen
sion army that is rapidly forming. The
applications for Spanish-American War
pensions amount already to 45,710. The
total number of men engaged for serv
ice in that struggle was only 274,717,
which is but six times the number of
applications.
The greater part of these men never
set foot outside the United States; The
troops first dispatched to Santiago con
sisted of 803 officers and 14,935 men,
and General Miles sailed for Porto Rico
with 3415 officers and men, and at no
time had more than 8000 men, few of
whom saw any fighting. The casual
ties of the Spanish War proper were
as follows:
Killed. "Wounded.
Santiago 200 1421
Porto Rico 3 40
Manila 17 10d
The largest list of deaths is that
caused by disease, especially in Amer
ican camps, and the total figures up
107 officers and 2803 men, which includes
those killed outright and deaths among
those first classified as wounded. The
maximum force employed in the Phil
ippines was about 70,000, of which some
35,000 were volunteers. Including the
Maine affair, the total deaths had only
reached 2167 when the fighting of last
year was well over. It Is manifest from
these statistics that the applications
for pensions are out of all reason. The
claims made for relatives on account
of deaths are limited by the small num
ber of fatalities. The majority of the
45.000 applicants must be abundantly
able to work. Of these claims, 7059
have been rejected and 7086 allowed.
The Federal Soldiers' Homes will need
to be enlarged to make room for re
cruits from "The Young Guard" of the
pension roll.
THE AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOL.
Miles O'Brien, President of the Board
of Education of New York City, a Cath
olic, proposes that no school shall be
given a cent of the public money unless
that school shall be controlled by the
Board of Education and run under all
the rules which now govern the public
schools. There is -a class of schools
known as corporate schools which now
receive public funds. While under the
law they are not allowed to do any
teaching of a sectarian character, they
are all more or less under sectarian in
fluences of one sort or another. Un
der the existing law these institutions
are entitled to part of the public achool
fund. This money is paid to them by
the Board of Education of New York
City, but the only control that the
board has over any of them is to see
by means of inspectors that the provis
ion of the law relating to the teaching
of sectarian tenets is not violated. Mr.
O'Brien desires to place these schools as
fully under the control of the Board of
Education, so far as their teaching goes,
as any other public school in the vast
system. He would have the teachers
employes of the Board of Education,
the ,same text-books would be used,
and the teachers would not be allowed
to appear in the garb of any order or
society. Mr. O'Brien, in advocacy of
his proposition, says:
I would deny to no man, whether Greek
or Turk, the right to educate his children in
religious matters as he thought best. That
is a matter for the parent to decide between
himself and his God; but let us leave these
things out of the puhllc schools, all schools,
so that there may be. one common ground
for all the children to "neet on, one common
source of Americanism. I have such a Arm
belief in the public school as the only agency
by which all these people can be welded into
one homogeneous race that I want to see the
children all under tho same beneficent influ
ences, with all questions of race, creed and
nationality wiped out. The public school is
tho one place whero they can all meet on
a common ground and have instilled into them
the principles of patriotism, the principles of
equality and freedom which more than any
thing else go to make this country gr,eat.f
Many Catholics, like Mr. O'Brien,,
hold these views concerning the Amer
ican public schools. Archbishop Ire
land, In approving of the turning over
of certain parochial schools In Fari
bault, Minn., to the administration of
the public school authorities, expressed
views not greatly differing from those
of Mr. O'Brien, saying in effect that
the Roman Catholic's child could be
best educated to patriotism in the
American public schools, where he
meets all races and all creeds.
WHAT BECOMES OP OUR PICKED
MEN?
An officer of the regular Army has
sent The Oregonlan a copy of an essay,
"Nervous Exhaustion Due to West
Point Training," by Surgeon Charles E.
Woodruff, United States Army, with
a request for an opinion of its merits.
Dr. Woodruff's contention is that the
West Point training is so severe and
rigid that it results In premature ner
vous exhaustion of Its graduates; that
a large proportion of them disappoint
expectations. Dr. Woodruff holds that
while West Point should produce a
large proportion of officers who should
become at least men of some note and
success in life, the very reverse occurs,
''for it seems as though the best way
to extinguish a man is to send him to
West Point, with the result that the
roll of prominent names among West
Point graduates shows too small a per
centage." This Is a question of fact, and the
facts do not support the conclusion of
Surgeon Woodruff. The error of Dr.
Woodruff is the old one, viz., the as
sumption that schools of any sort are
manufactories of distinguished men.
West Point is a school that is specific
ally intended to produce professional
soldiers, and so long as it does produce
a good quality of well-educated profes
sional soldiers it Is no more to be In
dicted for not producing a large number
of statesmen and other men of notable
distinction than a medical school would
be subje6t to criticism because its grad
uates did not frequently distinguish
themselves in public life outside of their
profession. Surgeon Woodruff asks,
"What becomes of these picked men;
what is it the academy does to them to
snuff out their abilities or keep their
lights under a bushel?" The correct
answer Is that hese picked men are
heard from, always have been heard
from and always will be heard from in
war. and would not naturally be heard
irom in time of peace, since war Is the
only test of soldiership. Since its cre
ation in 1802 up to June 7 of the pres
ent year West Point has graduated
4067 cadets. These picked men had
their first opportunity to be heard from
in any. numbers in the Mexican War.
Of their services In that war General
Scott said:
I give it as my fixed opinion that but for
our graduated cadets the war between the
United States and Mexico might and probably
would have lasted some four or five years,
with, in its first half, more defeats than vic
tories failing to our share; whereas, in less
than two campaigns we conquered a great
country and peace without tho loss of a single
battle or -skirmish.
To the services of the graduates of
the academy during the Civil War his
tory bears eloquent witness on both
sides of the conflict. The lesson of that
long war was that volunteer soldiers,
led by trained Army officers, are the
strength on which our country must
depend. Hundreds of volunteer offi
cers made brilliant records in the lower
ranks; not more than two or three
proved themselves able to command a
corps. These West Point graduates
proved the superior value of profes
sional training over volunteer officers
of the highest order of capacity and ex-' J
perience in civil life, men of great nat
ural and acquired ability, like Gen
erals Butler, Schenck, Banks, Dlx, Mc
Clernand, Palmer, Oglesby, Chamber
lain, Gresham, Force, Sickles, Schurz,
Garfield. Devens, Wadsworth. The
brilliant young lawyers, West and
East, men of clear heads and studious
habits, were common among the field
officers of theVCJnion Army at the out
set. Rarely did one of these exhibit an
ability to command more than a bri
gade or division. The test was long
and severe, and it completely vindicated
West Point and answered the question
what had become of "the picked men
of the United States." It was the
graduates of West Point and Annapolis
who saved the situation in Cuba. In
the Spanish War and the subsequent
war in the Philippines at least twenty
graduates have been killed in action
and more than that number have died
of wounds. Yellow fever and typhoid
fever have abruptly ended the lives of
others; in war time, from Palo Alto in
1846 to the most recent fight in the
Philippines, "these picked men of the
United States" have been heard from,
and always with honor.
This fact answers sufficiently Surgeon
Woodruff's impeachment of the train
ing of West Point. It has always given
us and continues to give us admira
bly trained and efficient soldiers. This
is what West Point is for; it Is a school
for the training of soldiers, not for the
manufacture of statesmen or lawyers
or merchants. Nevertheless, the grad
uates of the academy in civil life-have
held all kinds of honorable places with
credit. They have been Presidents,
Senators, Congressmen, bishops, pro
fessors, civil engineers, railway presi
dents, lawyers, men of science, diplo
matic representatives in the highest
courts of Europe. The only real objec
tion to West Point training is not that
It causes premature nervous exhaus
tion, but that just in proportion as it
specifically fits a man for the life of a
professional soldier it handicaps him
when, after a dozen years of military
service, the West Point graduate,
weary of Army life in time of peace,
resigns his commission for civil em
ployment. As brilliant and highly
equipped a man as Sherman sank into
obscurity In civil life after a dozen
years of Army life, and naturally
enough, since the very best training
of study and experience to master the
art of war is not the best training for
the pursuits of peace.
If there is one class of laborers more
fully justified than all others in going
on a strike for wages and hours suited
to the common needs of humanity, it
is probably that class composed of the
girls and women in the women's-wear
factories of New York and other large
cities. The bargain counter announce
ment, "prices at less than the cost of
material," means long hours in stuffy
workrooms for myriads of women and
girls, at wages that barely suffice to
keep life afoot. Of. this class of work
ers it Is said that 30,000 will be involved
in a strike movement In New York City
next week upon the righteous demand
for an increase in wages and a uniform
working day. This just contention
should enlist for the workers the hearty
sympathy of every woman who wears
ready-made clothing and every mother
who has found her own labors Immeas
urably "lightened by being able to pur
chase ready-made garments for her
children. A little quickening of the
feminine conscience in this respect
would be timely at this juncture.
Colonel Charles R. Greenleaf, Chief
Surgeon at Manila, says the health of
the troops continues to be good, and
the ratio of non-effectives has de
creased. The most serious feature, ac
cording to Colonel Greenleaf, is the
steady increase in venereal diseases
among the troops, showing from 8.97
per cent in September, 1900, an increase
to 20.42 per cent in April this year. He
recommends that a portion of the City
of Manila under medical supervision
and inspection be set apart in order
that vice productive of this condition
may be controlled by the officials. He
says that there is not much disability
among the soldiers from alcoholism.
In the Civil War, when the Army of
the Cumberland, 50,000 strong, was
camped near Nashville, Tenn., General
Rosecrans carried out the recommenda
tions here made by Surgeon Greenleaf
with excellent effect, and the British
military authorities enforce the same
policy throughout the cities of India.
Major Francis E. Eltonhead, Four
teenth United States Infantry, who was
tried, found guilty and sentenced to
dismissal for intoxication at Manila,
P. I., has received commutation of his
sentence from the President so as to
place him at the foot of the list of
Majors of Infantry, there to remain for
a period of five years. Major Elton
head was graduated from West Point
in 1875. He was stationed at Vancou
ver Barracks during General O. O. How
ard's command di the Department of
the Columbia. He was Involved in
trouble consequent upon his intemper-
Kate habits at that time, and was only
saved from severe punishment by the
clemency of General Howard. This is
the third time that Major Eltonhead
has disgraced himself, and he was
hardly a fit subject for commutation of
sentence by the President. He will
complete his sentence in 1906 and will
retire for age in 1917.
Forest Grove has long enjoyed the
distinction of being one of the coldest
places when it is cold, and one of the
most delightful places when the
weather is pleasant, in the entire State
of Oregon. It now comes forward
kclaiming the distinction of being one of
the hottest places when it is hot in the
Willamette Valley, and points to a rec
ord of 103 degrees on the 14th inst. in
evidence of this atmospheric distinction.
This merely shows what the weather
clerk can accomplish in that delightful
university town nestling close to the
foothills of the Coast Mountains, and It
may be added that he does It without
making the citizens thereof specially
uncomfortable, since his visitations of
extreme Summer temperature are
usually very brief, and to palliate his
offense he brings along a cool zephyr.
The Brooklyn Eagle is booming Seth
Low for Mayor of" New York. His
availability would seem to have been
somewhat impaired by past defeats,
but he is yet a strong man, and cir
cumstances may make him the best
representative the independent, good
government citizens can put forth.
According to the August estimates of
the Departmeutof Agriculture, the corn
crop of the country will amount to 54
per cent. This is much better than
July indications foreshadowed, and,
while not abundant, as reckoned by the
enormous crops of some former years,
it is yet an abounding plenty.
FOREIGN CAPITAL IN UNITED STATES
New York Journal of Commerce.
A writer in the "Contemporary Re
view" for May said: "England used to
possess Immense quantities of French,
Austrian, Italian, Spanish, Russian and
American government stocks, railway
stocks and Industrial stocks. There has
been a steady outflow of these securities
from England, and there are now hardly
any in this country."
That last clause was taken seriou.'ily
by, probably, very few who read it. That
English investments in foreign countries
were enormous was common knowledge;
that they had been reduced was probable;
but that they have been so reduced as
to justify anyone in saying that hardly
any government, railway or industrial se
curities of foreign countries remained in
England was too improbable. But. that
there is some substantial foundation for
the statement is Indicated in the finan
cial letters to the Times of this city
from Its London correspondent, a man
who has frequented and recorded the
doings of Lombard street for many years.
In one of these letters the writer says:
"We have already sold far too many of
our American railroad bonds and shaies,
I was told last week by a financial lumi
nary; and I fear that underlying the re
mark was that loss of Income resulting
therefrom. These sales must by and by
Interfere with our free importing power,
our power to pay for foreign food." In
another very recent letter the same
writer says: "I am told that not only do
railroad bonds continue to leave us for
New York, but that comparatively few
shares are now really held here outside
those of lines like the Pennsylvania and
the New York Central and the Illinois
Central." Tho Pennsylvania Railroad,
by the way, gave out a statement last
year that only 29 per cent of Its stock
was held abroad, against 52 per cent In
1S90.
It is well known that following the
improvement of prices due to the Na
tional election of 1S96, Europe sold back
to us large quantities of our securities.
Two years ago this paper obtained from
the leading banking houses engaged in
foreign business estimates of the Ameri
can securities, returned to this country
in 189S, and a little short of the first half
of 1899; the average of these was $375,000,
000. There have been seasons within the
past two years when European holders of
American securities have been reported
as selling heavily.
Mr. N. T. Bacon, who published the
results of his Investigations In the "Yale
Review" last year, pursued his Inquiry
Into the amount of foreign capital In
vested In the United States and of Amer
ican capital Invested abroad in the bank
ing houses In this country most likely
to be Informed, in all the financial centers
of Europe, and In the Inland revenue of
fices in London. American indebtedness
to all foreign countries, Including the lia
bility on 51S5.000.000 of life Insurance, he
estimated at $3,300,000,000, while the In
debtedness of all the rest of the world to
the United States. Including 545.000,000 of
bonds held by our insurance companies
to secure their foreign business, he esti
mated at $500,000,000. These figures of
foreign investments in the United States
are larger than other estimates that have
been made, but in the case of German
capital they are very much less than
some estimates that have a semi-official
character. Mr. Bacon estimated Ameri
can Indebtedness to Great Britain at
52,500,000,000, and to Germany at ?200,000,
000, 541.000,000 less than our Indebtedness
to Holland.
To Keep Congress Warm.
Washington Letter.
Persons who visit the Capitol building
and are given the privilege of looking
Into the House of Representatives would
never recognize it as the place where so
much legislation of such Importance to
the country has been enacted into law.
Instead of the desks, chairs and other
furnishings of the House they would find
a large room barren of furniture or floor
ing, In which are employed 50 mechanics
and laborers, dressed In the customary
garb of the laboring man. Some of these
are engaged in laying a white tile floor
ing, while others are mixing cement, and
still others are supplying the workmen
with the necessary material.
This tile flooring is about three feet be
low a wooden flooring which will be laid
and upon which will rest the desks and
chairs of the members. Inquiries as to
the reason for laying such an expensive
tile flooring, which will be entirely ob
scured by one placed above it, developed
the fact that the tiling will be used as
one section of a "heat chamber." The
walls of the building will form other por
tions of this chamber, and the floor of
the House will complete It.
The reverse side of the floor proper will
be given two coats of tar and paint. This
process will confine the heat to the cham
ber, Into which It is discharged by pipes.
This chamber will be filled with heat dur
ing cold weather, and H will be supplied
to the house by radiators placed in the
floor. (Many complaints were made be
cause the old heating apparatus was not
sufficient to maintain a temperature which
made the chamber comfortable, and the
"heat chamber" is an experiment which
the experts believe will prove successful.
Shipbuilding: Without Subsidies.
St Paul Pioneer-Press.
To judge by the activity In shipbuilding
there is still room on the Atlantic for
new vessels. The Journal of Commerce
gives the details of 28 vessels under con
struction by various steamship companies.
They are all intended for the trans-Atlantic
service. They comprise freight
boats and freight and passenger boats,
and in size run all the way from the levia
than "Celtic," which Is 600 feet long and
has a gross tonnage of over 20,000 tons,
to a fleet of steamers of about 7500 tons
contracted for by the North German
Lloyd. But the prevailing characteristics
of most of the new vessels are large
capacity and economical engines. The re
sult will bo a lower cost per ton per mile
in carrying freight, and this, considering
the intense competition on the Atlantic, is
likely to mean lower rates for the shipper.
It will also mean larger shipments unless
all commercial experience Is reversed.
There Is undoubtedly as much room for
the expansion of International trade under
the stimulus of low freight rates as there
has been for the development of our In
ternal commerce under the same stimulus.
Abuse of the Injunction.
Springfield (Mass.) Republican.
The stoutest defenders of the Injunction
process, as used against striking worls
men, must admit that it Is being rapidly
pushed to extremes. From the very na
ture of the case this Is a result to be ex
pected. The power which the courts are
using is very elastic and not clearly de
fined. A review of the last 30 years would
reveal the fact that It has grown amaz
ingly, not through legislation by the peo
ple, but through the reasoning and the de
cisions of the courts themselves. There
are hundreds of Judges In this country,
working under the codes of 45 different
states and the Nation Itself, and each of
them may extend the Injunction process
to suit himself, subject only to the re
straining power of a higher court of ap
peal. As labor conflicts have continued
the tendency to make the injunctions more
and more sweeping has become very
marked in all parts of the country. A
little extension of the theory of judicial
contempt at one time make's it easy to ef
fect another extension at a later time, so
that things have reached a serious pass In
this Summer of 1901.
Tills Man Was No Politician.
Springfield Union.
For the first time since the outbreak
of the Spanish war President McKinley
has approved the death sentence In the
case of an enlisted man In the United
States Army. The case Is that of Pri
vate Phineas Foutz, of the. Nineteenth In
fantry, who was found guilty of mur
dering Geneviva Torres, a native Filipino
girl, by stabbing her to death with a
sword cane In her home In Mandaue,
Cebu, the sentence of the court being that
he be hanged.
THE EVANS REPRIMAND.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
According to an apochryphal story, the
celebrated Tom Marshall once complained
that a Circuit Judge had fined him for
abusing Pontius Pilate. At the time when
this Is said to have occurred. Pilate had
been long dead. What Is more to the
purpose, he was out of office, so that the
principle underlying the offense of scan
dalum magnatum did not apply. Still, he
had been once In office and endowed with
the power of punishing contempts.
William E. Chandler was once Secre
tary of the Navy, but he went out of
office in 1SS5, 16 years ago. Recently he
has complained to the department that
Rear-Admiral Robley D. Evans, in a pub
lished book, criticised his official conduct
while he was In. office. The Acting Secre
tary of the Navy has accordingly sent
a letter to Admiral Evans, censuring him
for an attack on a former head of the de
partment. If tolerated, he says, It would
be subversive of discipline. From a tech
nical standpoint, the Acting Secretary
may be right. The reprimand has rather
the ring of a perfunctory performance, In
tended to go no farther than was strictly
necessary. As such Admiral Evans can
well afford to accept it.
But while it may not be just to criticise
the Navy Department for its action
in this case, a large measure of public
sympathy Will hardly be extended to Mr.
Chandler, who took this method of vindi
cating himself from criticism. Mr. Chand
ler himself has not been sparing In criti
cisms of those who differed from him or
who stood in his way. He has always
had the reputation of carrying a bitter
tongue in his head, and of using It freely
against those who for any reason Incurred
his enmity. He did not spare any one
because he held or had held official posi
tion. His own colleague In the Senate,
though of the same party, was the object
of his persistent attack. It seems rather
late in the day for him to shelter him
self against criticism for the mere reason
that many years ago he was at the head
of the Navy Department.
United States Lends In Trade With
Germany.
Chicago Record-Herald.
There Is trouble for the agrarians of
Germany in the statistics of that coun
try's trade with the United States for the
year 1S00. The figures also remind the
Kaiser's Government that the problem of
resisting the agrarian agitation for In
creased tariff barriers and embargoes
against imports Is more serious than ever.
While the short-sighted agrarians must
be placated or cajoled into believing that
the government concedes their demands
for protection to German agriculture, the
government also perceives the dependence
of the population upon other countries for
a good share of the food that is annu
ally needed in the empire.
In spite of continued agrarian agitation
against American Imports and rigid In
spection of American meats, the United
States has forged ahead from, fourth place
In 1S91 to first place among the nations
In the matter of Imports into Germany,
thereby displacing Great Britain. Accord
ing to statistics just transmitted to the
State Department by Ambassador White,
our exports to Germany In 1900 reached
the sum of $266,750,400, which places this
country far aboe all other nations In this
trade, being followed by Great Britain
with 5199,920,000, Russia with 5173.740.000.
Austria, with 5172,312,000, and France with
572,530,000. In 1S91 our sales to Germany
amounted to only 510S,528,0CO, while those
of Great Britain reached the sum of
5160.8SS.000.
It Is also interesting to note the fact
that during this period from 1S91 to 1900
the United States has occupied third place
In the matter of exports from Germany.
Tho first place in Germany's export trade
is still held by Great Britain, which Is
the only large country with which Ger
man trade shows larger exports than Im
ports. The Increasing demand in Germany for
American goods as shown by Ambassador
White's figures for 1900 emphasize the
futility and folly of trying to erect tariff
barriers or embargoes against thi3 trade.
Japanese "Peril" the Latest Scnre.
St. Paul Pioneen Press.
According to the Census Bureau, the
Chinese labor "peril" Is passing and the
Japanese peril is taking Its place. In the
United States proper there were only
S9.SO0 Chinamen In 1900, against 107,475 In
1S90. The loss has been entirely In the
Western States, where there has been a
decline In the Chinese population of 29,
100, partially offset by an Increase In the
rest of the country of 11,500. Of the fall
ing off In the Western States the larger
part was In California, where the Chi
nese papulation declined from 72,473 to
4o,750 during the census decade. But in
Hawaii there was a heavy increase from
16,250 In 1S90 to 25,775 In 1900. On the other
hand, the Japanese copulation of the
Western States Increased from 15G0 In
1S90 to 23,360 in 1900, and In Hawaii from
13,120 to 61,110. So far as Hawaii Is con
cerned, then Is little probability that the
Japanese population will grow so rapidly
hereafter. For most of the increase was
owing to the importation of Japanese la
borers by the sugar planters, and they are
already sick of the bargain. The Japs
have turned out to be entirely too smart,
organizing readily and striking for higher
wages, or anything else, on the slightest
provocation. Hence the demand for Porto
Rican laborers, who are supposed to
possess the good qualities of the Portu
guese laborers, who have given great sat
isfaction and who form no small element
of the Hawaiian population. What will
become of the Hawaiian Jap remains to
be seen. Most of him will probably strike
for home and the rice fields, and the rest
of him may drift to the mainland.
Duty of the Grnteful Cotvs.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The cows ought to get together and
give Professor Koch three rousing moos.
The Living Temple.
Olliver Wendell HoIme3.
Not in the world of light alone.
Where God has built His blazing throne,
Nor yet alone in earth below.
With belted seas that coma and go,
And endless Isles of sunlit green.
Is all thy Maker's glory seen:
Look in upon thy wondrous frame
Eternal wisdom still the samel
The smooth, soft air with pulse-like waves.
Flows murmuring through Its hidden caves,
"Whoso streams of brightening purple rush.
Fired with a new and livelier blush,
While all their burden of decay
The ebbing current steals away.
And red with Nature'3 flame they start
From tho warm fountains of the heart.
No rest that throbbing slave may ask,
Forever quivering o'er Ills task.
"While far and wide a crimson jet
Leaps forth to fill the woven, net
Which in unnumbered crossing tides
The flood of burning life divides,
Then, kindling each decaying part.
Creeps back to find the throbbing heart.
But warmed with that unchanging flame
Behold tho outward moving 'frame,
Its living marbles Jointed strong
With glistening- band and siHery thong,
And linked to reason's guiding reins
By royraid rings in trembling chains.
Each graven with the threaded zone
Which claims it as the Master'3 own.
Sec how yon beam of seeming white
It braided out of seven-hued light,
Tot in thoso lucid globes no ray
By any chance shall break astray.
Hark, how the rolling surge of sound.
Arches and spirals circling round.
Wakes the hushed spirit through thine ear
With music it is heaven to hear.
Then mark the cloven sphere that holds
All thought in its mysterious folds:
That feels sensation's faintest thrill.
And flashes forth tho sovereign will;
Think on the stormy world that dwells
Locked In its dim and clustering cells!
The lightning gleams of power it sheds
Along its hollow glassy threads! '
O Father! grant thy love divine
To mako these mystic temples thine!
When wasting age and wearying strife
Have sapped tho leaning walls of life.
When darkness gathers over all.
And tho last tottering. pillars fall,
Take the poor dust thy mercy warms,
I And mold It Into heavenly forms!
NOTE AND COMMENT.
) Now are you convinced the sun is hot?
Is it hot enough for you? Sorry to put
the question, but we just have to.
Timber land deal rhymes with steal,
but such things were- better unsung.
Kitchener will end the Boer war Sun
day, September 15. Can he tell us what
o'clock?
Professor Trlggs says all hymns ars
doggerel. Wonder what kind of a him ho
Is himself?
Cervera says he never met Sampson.
He should not forget Sampson's strenuous
effort to get an Introduction.
Hereafter whenever you see an alleged
hero with his mouth shut, you may sat
isfy yourself he is a fraud.
Whites and negroes In the South mingle
freely when It comes to lynchlngs. On
such occasions all men are created equal.
A button-makers trust Is proposed.
This is a signal for cheap paragraphers
throughout the country to unbutton their
gab.
Hanna has sunk Into such Insignificance
beside Shaffer and Morgan that we begin
to think he might do for President after
all.
It Is probably not the Standard OH Com
pany which Is waging destruction upon,
mosquitoes but those people who buy tho
oil.
Almost every war hero will testify by
this time that the pen Is so much might
ier than the sword as to be positively
dangerous.
Whenever a widower has prudence to
order his Winter firewood this kind of
weather, every woman in the neighborhood
looks his way.
Oxygen promise to bo such a good
cure for baldness that we may soon dis
pense with tlie hot air of bald-headed
testimonial waiters.
A maiden in New Jersey haa just cele
brated the centennial anniversary of her
birth. She shows successfully that mar
riage is a failure.
The Seattle Pee TI yet spells it Puerto
Rico. Shakespeare's spelling does not
suffer in being up-to-date, but of course
the analogy is of no moment.
Emperor William has placed an order
in America for an American schooner.
Even the great American. 5-cent institu
tion Is making inroads into the Old World.
The Nebraska State Game Warden hag
forbidden tho farmers to light the grass
hoppers longer with poison, saying that
the loss of birds and game is too costly
a price to pay for the destruction of
comparatively few insects.
Mrs-. Nation is out of jail and Mr. Na
tion will get a divorce. The lady says If
she had another chance she wouldn't
marry the best man on earth. Usually
such a declaration is regarded only as
feminine negative, but in this case it
isn't, since she speaks in eminent truth.
Two children were bitten by dogs the
other day and there Is the usual concern
about the victims. Unless unfortunate
symptoms develop. Goldsmith's oft-quoted
lines may bear reprinting:
The wound it seemed both sore and sad
To every Christian eye:
And while they swore the dog was mad.
They swore the man would die.
But soon a wonder came to light.
That showed the rogues they lied;
Tho man recovered of the bite,
The dog it was that died.
John Clinton, Jr.. who Is organizing a
movement for a National convention of
negro bankers, to be held at Buffalo on
September 26, 13 the president of the First
Colored Bank, North, of Philadelphia. '
The convention will be the first of Its
.kind ever held In America. Mr. Clinton Is
a native of Richmond, "Va., 35" yeat3 old,
and a graduate of the Moore-Street In
dustrial School. In 1SS0 he became pub
lisher of the first daily newspaper ever
published by negroes, but abandoned tho
editorial chair to study law, an ambition
in which ho succeeded so well as to se
cure admission to the Virginia bar in 1S9-1.
He soon acquired a large and profitable
clientage In Richmond, and Invested hia
savings In the insurance business there.
A few years ago ha moved to Phlladel
phla. Tho controversy as to what Is tho long
est word still goes on. It Is said that
"antidlaestabllshmentarlan.ismr (2S let
ters) Is the longest legitimate English
word. As to the longest word In any lan
guage a recent writer thinks the follow-
ing word bears the palm, namely: "Iilan-falrpwllgwyngyllgcgerchwyrndrowbwlltzs-lliogogogoch."
"It Is the name of a village
In North Wales," says the writer, "and;
while lunching at a Welsh inn at Settws-y-Coed
recently I heard the name pro
nounced with perfect ease and clearness
by a young Welshman." But, according
to another essayist, the word simply "Isn't
In it" with the Greek word for "hash,"
of 172 letters, to be found In the un
abridged Greek lexicon: "Lepadotemach-oselachodaleokranlollelnsanodrimupoprim-maposllhioparabomallpokapakechumerokl-chleplkossuphlophattoperisteralektruonap-tokephalllklgklopelelolagoostrarabopetrag-anopterugon."
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
Questionable. "One portion might be enough
for two, sir." "For two men it might be;
but d'ye think it'd be enough for a man an'
a boy?" Puck.
"That mob scene was handled with splen
did effect," said the critic. "Oh, yes." re
plied the manager. "Tbu see, we hire tho
villain's creditors to go on in that scene."
Tit-Bits.
Identical. Mr. Pitt It is odd that the lec
turer's motto and tho highwayman's matte
are tho same. Mr. Penn What is their mot
to? Mr. Pitt Stand and deliver. Pittsburg
Chronicle-Telegraph.
Nothing Serious. Tess I met Miss Le Favra
in Paris. She said she knew you. Jw
Oh. yes. I learned French under her. did
she tell you? Tess No: she said you wwd
to take lessons from her. Philadelphia Pres.
Those Professors. First College Professor
What aro you going to do next to get your
name in the papers' Second College Pro
fessorI was thinking of declaring that the
dictionary Is too wordy to be considered good
literature. Baltimore American.
What He Was After. He Well. I've Just
been elected president of tho road. Mara
yachts, moro diamonds, more, horses, mora
corner lots. She But haven't you enough,
dear? 'Oh. I've never cared about my awn
enough. I want the other fellow's.; Brook
lyn Life.
Tho Correct Answer. "So you havo catured
the moonshiners." said the chief to hte lieu
tenant. "Good enough! How did you Imp
pen to be so successful?" "Well, sir, wa
wont on a still hunt." replied the lieutenant,
who dearly loved a merry Jest. Frank Lea
llo's Weekly.
Duo to Carelessness. "He's a good physician
in some ways." she remarked, "but he l care
less, and that naturally hurts him." "Doesn't
get his prescriptions mixed, does he?" "That's
Just what he did in the case of Mrs. Jenkins.'
"Nothing serious. I hope." "Tes. it was. Not
fatal, of course, but quite serious. He failed
to acquaint himself with the circumstances
and prescribed a month's rest in tho country
when sho could easily afford a trip to Europe.
I don't think she'll ever have him again."
Chicago Post.