?-3f;lS "' W !'
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THE MOKNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, 'JULY 20, 190i.
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TODAY'S "WEATHER Fair; warmer; north
Xesxerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S "WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, C9; minimum temperature, 50; pre
''eipKailon, 0.00.
r
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JULY, 20.
DECAY OP IXDIYIDUALISM.
X most significant phenomenon of the
great steel strike Is the readiness with
"which nonunion, men join the union as
soon as they are approached. Men -who
naturally prefer to fighl their Individ
ual "battle and tmjoy their peculiar re
twards, and -who do this steadily in time
M peace, change their minds in time of
'stress and join the Tanks of unions, in
order to avail themselves, "wisely or
foolishly, of the benefits and the disad
vantages of organized labor.
It Is a most impressive demonstra
tion In the tendency of the hour, which
Is away from Individualism, toward
communism. Community of Interest
stamps not only the world of capital,
but the world of labor. Trusts are es
tablishing themselves firmer every
day, and so are the trades-unions.
Each, apparently, has come to stay.
"We must mitigate their evils and cor
rect their abuses; but destroy them we
hardly shall.
How does the union man get the non
union man Into the union? "Well, he
does it in just about the same way in
which the trust gets the independent
jncera into the trust. In each case the
tradition of Independence has to be dis
credited, and the aversion to commun
ism overcome. In each case persuasion
gives place when necessary to cajol
ery, ar;d cajolery gives place when nec
essary to threats. Stand alone if you
"will, says the promoter of the union or
the walking delegare of the trust, but
It will pay you best to pool your Issues
with your fellows. United we stand,
divided we fall. Why subject yourself
to ruinous competition when we can
combine for mutual protection?- Let us
present a solid front to the employer,
or the consumer, as the case may be,
and in combination we shall escape the
strife which makes each Independent
employer or each independent employe
-- -a bidder against his companion in in
dustry.
There is no excuse for any to mistake
the plain tendency both of labor and of
capital. No one who defends the labor
trust can object to the capital trust.
No one who advocates community of
ownership can denounce community of
laborship. Each is alike communistic.
Each alms to supplant competition with
a socialistic union of each for all and
all for each. Their common purpose is
subversion of the order of Nature the
competitive strife in which brains as
well as muscles have gathered strength
and gained fitness to survive. Each
endeavors to supplant the law of free
action of supply and demand by an
artificial system under which supply
and demand shall be arbitrarily reg
ulated or sought to be regulated by
boards of officers. It is sheer folly,
therefore, for a capital trust to object to
the principle of the labor trust, and in
so doing the steel magnates are simply
making themselves ridiculous. How la
bor markets its product Is of no more
concern to them than how they market
their product is the business of their
workmen. Each crowd is tarred with.
the same stick.
"What's the result? The result is bad.
Theoretically it must be, for it reverses
the order of Nature. Struggle gives
strength, and not the agreement to
refrain from struggle. .. Practically it
Is. as a little observation will show.
"What is the chance for the individual
under the communistic regime of the
trusts and trades-unions? "Well, his
chance, in the old unfettered sense, dis
appears. At the least, it' is reduced
to a minimum. If he wants to learn a
trade, he must take terms from the
union. It will tell him whether he can
work or not, how long it will take him
to learn his trade, how many hours he
shall work, how much pay he shall get,
when he shall strike and when he shall
go back. If this doesn't suit' him, if
he prefers to go ahead in the old way
and meet his employer as between man
and man, he elects the blessed privi
lege of being called a scab and having
his head broken with a brick, and hav
ing women follow him upon the street
with missiles and vile names.
If he wants to start a smelter or a
steel mill or an oil refinery, he must
consult the trust. It will take him In
at its own price, tell him whether he
can run or not, what line of goods he
can turn out, to whom he can sell,
over what railroads he can ship, when
he can start up and when he must close
down. If this doesn't suit him, if he
prefers to go ahead in the old way and
make such terms as he can with his
help and his patrons, he elects the
blessed privilege of being selected by
the trust for annihilation. It will buy
up his raw material from under his
nose; It will compel the railroads to
charge him 'double tariffs on his goods;
it will pursue with vindictive malignity
every man that buys from him; it will
make prices so low to his customers
that he can't run at a profit; and then
when it has beggared him it will buy
out his plant at Its own figures, incor
porate It in the trust, and. he will be
wholly independent of all connection
with busirfess, unless perchance he can
secure a position as the hired man of
some trust
The time is coming if it is not already
here when one man will own or con
trol all the oil fields in the country,
and upon his Individual fiat will depend
the cost of iliuminant to every house
hold. The time is coming if it is not
already here when every miner In the
country will be marshaled under the
leadership of one man, and upon his
sole fiat any day the mineral produc
tion of the country would cease indefi
nitely. One man will control all the
railroads, another all the salmon can
neries, another; all the flouring mills,
another all the cotton factories,
another all the steel and Iron plants.
In the hands of one man will be vested
authority to call out or to send back
to work every street-car man in the
country, or every telegrapher, or every
printer, or every railway engineer and
fireman. Men everywhere are. sinking
their own personalities, signing away
their independence, yielding their indi
vidual will to a corporate will. It is
not an evidence of stuength, it is not a
mark of progress, It is not an augury
of achievement. It is the reversal of
the principle of competitive struggle
that has made civilization what It Is.
Mr. Herbert Spencer has ventured the
opinion that this danger will yet be
averted by universal education. But
since he said this our educational
forces themselves are being bound
hand, and foot by socialism, facultled
by sentimentalists and led by trust
endowed universities. It Is more likely
that the danger can only be outgrown
through bitter trial, or burned away in
the fiery furnace of revolution.
THIS IS DIFFERENT.
Figures are very interesting in show
ing the greatness of cities, and In some
cases, where too close an analysis of
their exact meaning Is not made, they
convey Impressions that are erroneous.
Puget Sound's wonderful Harbormas
ter's reports have showed marvelous re
sults, with plain, ordinary, every-day
figures, and by mixing these reports
with a few Government figures, the
results obtained have led many to be
lieve that the Port of Portland had
been entirely outclassed by any one of
the numerous ports on Puget Sound.
The annual report of the Collector of
Customs of the Puget Sound district,
however, being strictly official, throws
a different light on the actual business
of the windy cities embraced in that
district.
The big Oriental trade of which we
have heard so much, and which passes
through Puyallup, Spokane, Helena,
Fargo and other" points on the main
line, just as it passes through Tacoma,
does not seem so enormous when that
portion actually handled by the Puget
Sound cities is segregated from the re
mainder. The Collector's report shows
the entire amount of duties collected on
imports at the different Puget Sound
ports. As this money had to be ac
counted for to the Government, pad
ding was out of the question, and the
business is shown in Its true light. For
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, the
total amount of duty collected at Se
attle, Tacoma, Port Townsend and all
other customs ports on Puget Sound
was $491,397 80. For the same period
the duties collected at the Custom
House in this city amounted to $539,
960 63.
In connection with these figures it
Is Interesting to note that the cost of
collection on Puget Sound was $100,
521 93, or about 18 cents for every
dollar collected. At Portland the total
expenses for the year were $57,550 70,
or about 10 cents for every dollar col
lected. Last year's business in this
port was smaller than usual on ac
count of a disarrangement of sched
ules between the retirement of one
Oriental line and the establishment of
another, and for the coming year "coK
lections will be much heavier. The
next time the local ''knockers" and the
Eastern advertising sheet put forth the
customary harangue about Puget
Sound handling so much more busi
ness than is handled by Portland, they
should Incorporate this latest report of
the Collector of Customs with their
story.
OFFICIALLY INVITED TO THE OLD
HOME.
The "Vermont Legislature in 1900 en
acted "that the calendar. week, which in
cludes the 16th day of August In each
year shall be designated Old Home
week, and set apart as a special season,
during which any town or group of
towns may arrange for appropriate
celebrations to welcome returning "Ver
monters and other guests, and 'for exer
cises of historic interest" Governor
Stickney has issued an official letter of
invitation, under date of June 20, to the
sons and daughters of Vermont In other
states, in which, among other things,
he says:
The first year In the new century seemed
un auspicious time to provide for a stateu
homecoming for all the absent sons and
daughters of the Green Mountain State.
Many towns have already made arrange
ments for public exercises appropriate for the
occasion, and many more will do so in the
near future.
Therefore. Old Home week celebrations will
be quite generally observed throuchout tne
state during the week "beginning on the lith
and ending on the 17th day of August, IDOL
and It Is with great pleasure that I extend,
in the name of Vermont, to all her absent
sons and daughters, wherever they may be, a
most cordial Invitation to come home and re
visit the scenes of childhood.
- Be assured that your welcome will be hearty
and the freedom of the state' shall be yours.
This establishment by legislative en
actment of Old Home week .as an an
nual festival has been followed up by
the organization of a state association
to promote' its observance and assist In
the organization of local associations
to celebrate Old Home week, the week
of August 16 this date being the anni
versary of the battle of Bennington,
and a legal holiday. Old Home week
will be observed In every section of
the state, and more than 150 towns will
participate in local and county celebra
tions, which will Include historical and
literary exercises and social reunions.
The Vermont Association, of Boston, 400
strong, will visit Vermont in a body,
and be entertained by the city of Bur
lington. All this has a curious sound to the
people of a young state of great area
and resources, like Oregon. The orig
inal enactment of Home week as an
annual festival seems super-serviceable
and unnecessary, for the annual cele
bration of the anniversary of the battle
of Bennington on a legal holiday would
naturally bring visiting Vermonters
from other stales during this week.
Altogether the legislation, the Gover
nor's official letter of Invitation, the
State Home "Week Association, have a
somewhat fantastic and forced look
which suggests the thought that it had
its first birth In the brain of some
femlnlne-mlnded man and was then
utilized by a lot of hustling proprietors
of "Vermont Summer resorts."
Perhaps we do the "Summer resorts"
injustice. The whole Inception of this
extraordinary legislation may be due
only to the increasing senility of an in
land civilization which was admitted to
the Union in 1791. To Oregon, which Is
getting ready to celebrate the centenary
of Lewis and Clarke's great expedition,
this enactment of Old Home week as an
annual festival seems very childish
business.
A RE3IARKABLE MURDER TRIAIj.
The most remarkable trial that has
engaged the attention of the country
since the trial and acquittal several
years ago of Lizzie Borden, of Fall
River, Mass., for the murder of her
father, is now in progress at Pittsfleld,
Mass., where Robert S. Fosburgh is
on trial for the killing of his sister.
The story of the family Is that at 1:30
A. M., August 20, 1900, the elder Fos
burgh was awakened by the appear
ance of a strange masked man in his
room, who was soon followed by a sec
ond masked man. The son, Robert
Fosburgh, now came to his father's as
sistance. At this instant Miss May
Fosburgh, a girl of 18, roused by the
struggle, came to the door of the room,
and while standing In the doorway re
ceived a shot from a revolver and died
a few moments after. The crime was
attributed by the family to burglars.
The Mayor of the city offered a reward
of $1500 for their apprehension; the
father of the girl offered an equal
amount, and other relatives of the fam
ily offered a similar amount If the real
culprits were apprehended and convict
ed. The arrest of Robert S. Fosburgh
for the crime took place on January 26
last, the charge was manslaughter, and
he was bailed out January 28, the bail
beinjr $12,000. The theory of the prose
cution Is that the tragedy was the re
sult of a family misunderstanding; that
during a quarrel between Robert S.
Fosburgh and his wife or his father, his
sister came on the scene, receiving the
shot Intended for another from the re
volver In the hands of her brother Rob
ert; that the family, after finding the
daughter killed, concocted the story of
the burglars. On the night of the
tragedy the only inmates of the house
were Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Fos
burgh, the parents; Robert S. Fos
burgh and wife; the dead girl, Miss
Fosburgh, and her sister Beatrice, and
Miss Bertha Sheldon, of Providence, R.
I., a guest
The Fosburghs are people of wealth
and social standing, and on the first
announcement of the crime nobody
outside of the Chief of Police and the
Prosecuting Attorney had the remotest
suspicion that the tragedy was other
than a case of murder committed by
burglars caught in the act of robbing
the house. The grand jury, however,
on the presentation of the facts col
lected by the Prosecuting Attorney
and the Chief of Police, regarded them
as strong enough evidence of presump
tive guilt on part of the brother of the
murdered girl to indict him for man
slaughter. The state will endeavor to
prove that Miss Fosburgh was acci
dentally killed during a furious family
fight The prosecution does not charge
that the crime was premeditated, so
far as the victim was concerned, on
part of the person who committed it.
The theory of the police Is that the
shot was aimed by ybung Fosburgh
at another member of his family, either
his wife or his father, and that the
sister, while acting as peacemaker in a
family brawl, came in range of the bul
let. Young Mr. Fosburgh's 32-callber
revolver, which had been In a bureau
drawer In the spare room, was missing,
and has not been found since. The bul
let which killed Miss Fosburgh was of
32 caliber, and of the same size and
weight as those which fitted young Fos
burgh's revolver. The mask found at
some distance from the house was made
from a pillow-case that was in the
spare room. The prosecution will try
to prove that quarrels in the Fosburgh
family, particularly between young
Robert S. Fosburgh and his wife, were
frequent. The police found evidence of
a violent struggle in the bedroom of
young Fosburgh and his wife. They
point out the Improbability of burglars
waiting until they got into the house
they intended to pillage before they
made masks from pillow-cases found
in the spare room. The neighbors tes
tify to hearing sounds of music and hi
larity as late as 11:30 P. M., and the
tragedy took place two hours later.
The Interest in the trial is so intense
that there were 500 applications for
seats in the bar. The case is being
tried before Judge William B. Stevens,
one of the ablest jurists of the Superior
Court The prosecution has a plausible
theory to proceed upon, for no trace of
the presence or operations of any bur
glars In that part of the country could
be found, although the reward offered
was nearly $5000, but all the persons
who know the truth of the tragedy are
members of one family save Miss Shel
don, who is an intimate friend of the
family, sure to help them in their very
natural effort to conceal the truth as
to the killing of May Fosburgh. The
tragedy would be treated as a deplor
able accident by the family, and all
would naturally join hands to save Its
reputation. The theory of the prosecu
tion Is plausible, but the family all
reputable people, so far as can be
known will be witnesses, and against
their united testimony conviction Is im
probable, however strong might be the
presumption that the prosecution had
made a very shrewd guess at the truth
of the tragedy. If the girl had been
killed by malice, the truth might be
told; but if, as the prosecution holds,
she was killed by accident, the truth
Is not likely ever to become known.
The distance by water between Port
land and San Francisco is 654 nautical
miles. The steamer rate is $12 and $8,
including berth and meals, and the rail
rate Is $17 and $11, Including sleeping
car accommodations, equivalent to $12
and $9 50 net, for first and second-1
class, respectively. This makes the
charge per mile range from 1.22 to 1.83
cents by water, and 1.45 to 1.83 cents
by rail. The distance by water be
tween Savannah, Ga., and New York
City Is 700 nautical miles. The steamer
rate Is $20 first-class and $10 steerage,
and the railroad rate between the two
places is $24, no second-class rate being
quoted. This makes -the steamer fare
1.42 to 2.85 cents per mile, and the rail
rate'3.42 cents per mile. Under the new
tariff to go into effect next week the
highest rail rate between Portland and
San Francisco will be 2.48 cents per
mile, aside from sleeping accommoda
tions, leaving -the Atlantic Coast rail
rate,, even after the advance here, a
third greater than the Pacific Coa3t
rate. The steames fares between Port
land and San Francisco will be 1.53 to
2.25 cents per nautical mile, while on
the Atlantic Coast the fares are 1.42 to
2.85 cents per mile. The route on the
Atlantic with which comparison Is here
made is 46 miles longer than the Pa
cific routed which should tend to reduce
the rate per mile, and the Atlantic
Coast is thickly populated and offera a
large transportation business, which
would give still another reason for re
ducing the mile rate. And yet the
fares are materially greater, not less,
on the Atlantic than on the Pacific
Coast It would seem that the new ad
vanced rates between Portland and San
Francisco are more than justified by
the condition of the country and the
reasonable rules of transportation.
The proposal for a free swimming
bath is an excellent one that deserves
generous public support. In some of
the German States instruction in swim
ming is made part of the scheme of
public education; that Is, the school
children are instructed In swimming at
the expense of the state, and in most of
the great English public schools ample
opportunity and encouragement are af
forded for mastering the art of swim
ming. The whole standing army of
Russia is taught to swim, and we as
sume that the art of swimming is
taught at every leading army and naval
school in the civilized world. Outside
of Its value In reducing the chance of
loss of life in event of disaster or acci
dent, swimming is one of the best if
not the very best of all gymnastic exer
cises. It develops the muscles of the
whole body without severe fatigue; It
is excellent exercise for those who need
increase of chest room and lung power,
arjd it is a specific for the reduction of
abdominal corpulency. It is at once a
very useful, agreeable and healthful
exercise, and in the physical education
of children of both sexes swimming
ought to antedate everything else. It
is considered a fact that dally exercise
at swimming is sufficient of itself to
keep the swimmer in admirable mus
cular condition. If military drill be on
the whole the best exercise for setting
a man up In form and strength, then
swimming is the next best exercise for
putting a man in fine physical condition
without irksome toil and fatigue.
Two Army Paymasters were appoint
ed last week to fill the vacancies caused
by the retirement of Colonel Wilson
and Major Wham, of the corps. One
of the appointees, Major Thomas C.
Goodman, who has seen volunteer serv
ice, is a cousin of Mrs. McKinley, and
Major James B. Houston is a Connecti
cut volunteer whose appointment was
pushed by United States Senator Haw
ley. The Pay Corps of the regular
Army seems to have become a favorite
asylum for the political proteges of
Presidents and Congressmen. Lieutenant-Colonels
Tower and Snlffen were
appointed from civil life without any
previous military service, In 1875 and
1877, respectively. Majors Whipple,
Tucker, Comegys, Muhlenberg, Hal
ford, Rogers, Watrous, Rees, Newbold,
Hamilton and Payson were all orig
inally political appointments from civil
life. Before the Civil War Paymaster
ships were given to line officers who
had distinguished themselves In field
service. The Civil War found General
Longstreet, distinguished in the Mexi
can War, in the Fy Corps, and General
David Hunter, another officer of excel
lent record in the field, was at one time
in the Fay Corps. Staff appointments
were not peddled out as political pat
ronage In the days of the old regular
Army. The Paymaster was obliged to
have a superior record as a line officer.
General Daniel Butterfield, whose
death took place on the 17th Inst, was
an old, but, judging from the Giadston
lan standard, not an aged man. His
life, however, was a long one, and years
ago it had answered life's great end in
patriotic achievement and general use
fulness. He found in the Civil War, as
did many another brave man, a chance
to distinguish' himself, and he rose
grandly to meet the opportunity. Man
ifold bodily infirmities not long ago put
a stop to his actfve endeavor, and at
length hopeless Illness narrowed his
desire In life to the simple wish of a
grave In West Point military ceme
tery. This wish granted, General But
terfield sank quietly to his eternal
sleep. History tells the rest. t
The trial of Earl Russell before the
House of Lords has been a great farce.
From his arraignment, his approach to
the bar of the House with many pro
found obeisances, and his groveling
upon bended knees before the powers
to his sniveling plea of guilty' and his
superficial sentence, the whole affair
has been ludicrous, and for the pur
poses of penalty Ineffective. Clearly
this is not the "British justice'' the
vaunted qualities of which make Amer
icans sometimes blush for their own
judicial methods, but a farce instead, in
which justice Is the merest figurehead.
We can well believe, so sturdy is the
quality of the modern Briton's common
sense, that this trial will be the last
of its kind in England.
. irish-Americans of liberal and enter
prising spirit propose to raise a fund
of $600,000 for an Irish exhibit at the
St. Louis Fair. It Is believed that a
comprehensive exhibit showing Ireland
of old and Ireland of today will do
more toward the political freedom, of
that country than have all organiza
tions having that object specifically in
view combined. However this may be,
such an exhibit would be at once
unique and interesting, and could
scarcely fall, if properly amplified, to
attract general and sympathetic at
tention. Discouragement has given place to
rejoicing and dolefulprophecy to lively
anticipation of a plentiful if not a gen
erous harvest in Kansas. Rain is the
grand alchemist that has wrought this
change, and with a prospect of "more
to follow," the husbandmen of the
Sunflower State feel disposed to con
gratulate themselves and each other on
the outlook.
We trust no one who points with
pride to the Water Committee as the
model for public utilities, so called, has
ever been found heretofore in the ranks
of critics of that body. Consistency is
a jewel, beautiful as rare.
Under the Indiana law, the court de
cides, betting on elections or on futures
is not betting. Evidently there Is an
opening for lexicographical reform,
either In the court or the Legislature
perhaps both.
Phelps Whltmarsh ought tobe de
capitated, or worse. He Is an advocate
of ship subsidies.
ALABAMA CURE FOR LYNCHING.-
New York Times.
The convention to revise the constitu
tion of Alabama, which has been sitting
in Montgomery, has given the Nation an
agreeable surprise by adopting an article
relative to the duties of the executive
which, among other things, provides that
when a Sheriff allows a prisoner to be
taken from his custody and lynched, the
Governor shall Immediately Institute im
peachment proceeding's against such offi
cer and suspend him from duty pending
the trial of the charges.
This action on the part of the Alabama
convention will bo regarded with cordial
approval by thinking people both North
? i h' The only argument in favor
or lynching a negro, even for the crime
ror which he oftenest suffers, is the ar
gumentum ad hominem. To this there Is
But one wise answer, and that was given
by the Rev. A. J. McKelway some time
ago in the Presbyterian, Standard, when
in reply to an insistent demand of a
Southern Methodist clergyman as to
what he would do If a negro should as
sault his wife or sister or daughter, ho
said: "I would try to kill him, but my
neighbors ought not to let me do it "
This is the whole matter in a few words.
It Is neither unnatural nor surprising
that the man who Is, or believes him
self to be, wronged In this way should
want to take the law in his own hands
and execute summary vengeance upon
the brutal wrongdoer. Society, however,
has rights which are paramount to those
of the individual. Among other things
it is justified in demanding that an or
derly and proper procedure shall attend
the administration of justice, that th0
miscreant shall be found guilty of the
crime charged before he is punished, and
that in no instance shall the horrible In
justice be perpetrated of murdering an
innocent negro to gratify the passions of
an infuriated mob. When a white man
wants to do this, his neighbors should
restrain him. His judgment Is by no
means as infallible at any time, and least
so when he Is maddened by a sense of
unspeakable wrong. It Is generally con
ceded that a great many Innocent ne
groes have been destroyed by mobs un
der a misapprehension. No right-thinking
man would for a moment deny that
such a crime is as great an outrage as
that which It Is intended to discourage.
The action of the Alabama convention
Is a step in the right direction. Lynch
ings have become much too easy In the
South, and equally so In parts of the
North. They partake too much of the
character of a coon hunt or other popu
lar diversion. To hang a "nigger," or, in
an aggravated case, to kill him with tort
ure, gratifies a certain brutal instinct
which does "not find the dog fight or its
equivalent pastime sufficiently exciting
quite to satisfy the craving for blood. A
good deal less than proof of guilt is suf
ficient in most cases, and in some a mere
suspicion answers. It is Impossible for
the negroes to gain a respect for the law
when lawlessness takes its place with
enthusiastic approval. In the judgment
of those best qualified to judge, the lne--ltable
result of popular toleration of
lynchings will be the outbreak of race
riots in the South. The best people of
the South are undoubtedly opposed to
lynching. It has brutalized those engaged
in it, and has tended to destroy the re
spect for the law without which civiliza
tion is impossible. Moreover, it has not
had the effect sought and which alone
could excuse It. The plan which the stat
utes provide should at least be given a
fair trial, and in Alabama It is likely to
be, if the Sheriff who lets a mob take
away his prisoner and kill him is sure of
impeachment and official disgrace. If the
orderly plan of procedure does not work
at least as well as the present one. It
will be time to try another.
OREGON'S SELECTIONS.
Books Well Calculated for Practical
School Culture.
San Jose Mercury-
Our neighboring State of Oregon has
solved the text-book problem and relieved
itself .from the injury of bad books at
inflated prices and at the same time got
ten rid of a corrupting political influence.
The Governor of Oregon In naming the
new Text-Book Commission sought to en
force this sound principle, namely, that
the public interest as distinct from the
professional Interest should control In the
state's educational policies. Two of the
five Commissioners named by Governor
Geer are professional educators of expe
rience and reputation, but the majority
of the Text-Book Board are of practical
as distinct from educational affairs one
an editor, one a banker and the other a
lawyer.
We recall these statements in detail
because the facts are significant in con
nection with the list of books selected.
Suitable to the Ideas of a commission
dominated by practical men, the- general
lines of school work tend largely toward
general reading as distinct from mere
text-book routine. The list of courses
of supplementary reading courses recom
mended for the successive grades occupy
more than three times the space in the
printed report given to mere text-books.
These reading courses begin with
"Glimpses of Nature," "Mother Goose
Rhymes," for the First Grade, proceed
ing through the various degrees to
courses of the most substantial Intellec
tual food for High School students. Tak
ing the Fifth Grade for example? we
find that the reading series includes
stories of animal life, an elementary work
on astronomy, stories from history, stor
ies of the 13 colonies, stories of great
Americans, "Tales From Munchausen,"
"A Dog of Flanders," "Tanglewood
Tales," Lamb's "Adventures of Ulysses,"
"The Golden River," "Grandfather's
Chair'' and "The Songs of Hiawatha."
As the student advances toward matur
ity of mind and attains capacity for bet
ter mental food, the reading course takes
on a more solid character. For the Eighth
Grade wo find the following reading
course:
Scientific Carpenter's Geographical Reader,
Asia; Eckstorm's Bird Book.
Historical Story of the Romans, Story of th
English, Prescott's Conquest of Mexico, "Words
of Abraham Lincoln (Gettysburg speech), Mot
ley's Peter the Great.
Literary Gray's Select Poems (Rolfe),
Scott's Ivanhoe, Lamb's Tales From Shakes
peare, Buskin's King of the Golden River,
Webster's Bunker Hill Oration, Washington
and His Country, Irving and Fiske; Wilderness
Ways; Merchant of Venice, Snowbound, Childe
Harold. Essays of Ella, Arabian Nights, Tom
Brown's School Days, Tom Brown at Oxford.
Thackeray'6 Round About Papers, Pope's Iliad,
Macaulay's Warren Hastings.
The supplemental reading course for
High School students is in a still higher
realm of literature. It includes the
Shakespearean plays, Webster's Orations,
the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers, Burke's
speech on "Conciliation," selected essays
from Carlyle and Coleridge, Cooper's
"Last of the Mohicans," Macaulay's "Ad
dison," Milton's "Paradise-Lost," Scott's
"Ivanhoe," Tennyson's "Princess," Gold
smith's poems, Eliot's "Silas Marner,"
with much other literature of the same
general class.
Students thus brought to pursue broad
and stimulating courses in the best sci
entific, historical and general literature
are likely to get not merely what may
be called tho technique of schooling, but
a comprehensive and wholesome general
culture bound to refine and strengthen
the1 mind and enrich their Whole after
lives. Reading over the report from
which the above facts are gleaned, one
cannot fail to discover traces of tho dis
creet hand of the practically cultivated
man, whose estimate of education Is not
that of Scholarship for scholarship's sake,
but rather as preparation for life.
Must Hunt a New Song.
Omaha Bee.
Will Nebraska never cease to rub it
In on the calamity howler? It is now
announced that, instead of being a bor
rower from the East, Nebraska banks
have actually loaned over $1,000,000 to New
York. The Popocratic orator must hunt
up a new song, the one about the "poor,
poverty-stricken farmer" will not answer
this season, for it is from the rural dis
tricts that this surplus money comes.
AMUSEMENTS.
There are about equal parts of comedy
and tragedy and a da3h of sentiment in
the drama with which the Wiedemann
Company entertained an average house at
the Metropolitan last night. The name of
the play is "The Village Belle," and the
village bello herself is a young person
who, to judge by the length of her skirts
and her kittenish conduct. Is about 6
years old. As her hand Is extensively
sought in marriage by almost all the
young men in the vicinity, however, It
may be taken for granted that she Is at
least 14. The propensity of the girl's
father to forge wills, commit perjury and
desert his family early In life have
amassed for him a very dangerous past,
which confronts him In the first act and
makes him considerable trouble thereafter
so much so, in fact, that he finally kills
his brother, who Is gently chiding him
about his early Indiscretions.
But things are straightened out finally,
and the curtain goes down on a company
of people who are looking forward to long
and peaceful lives.
Tom Wiedemann had a good opportu
nity for character work in the part of a
tramp. Jack McDonald made an Interest
ing artist, and Frank Long was a tol
erable villain. Nellie Wiedemann was the
village belle, but she overdid the vivacity
considerably, and made the scenes In
which she figured rather more tumultuous
than was strictly necessary. "The Vil
lage Belle" will run the rest of the week,
with a matinee today.
STRANDED THESPIANS.
Why the Cnmmingg People Are So
journing; In. Portland.
"And when we'd gone a thousand miles,"
The actor said, and sighed,
"Because the ghost refused to walk
We could no longer ride."
As people whose dally duties carry them
to and fro along Washington street may
have noticed, the Idols are broken in tho
Temple of Thespls. commonly called Cor
dray's Theater. One meets a low come
dian at Park street, a "heavy" at
Seventh, a leading lady at Sixth and an
Ingenue at Fifth. They all have a pen
sive and faraway look In their eyes, and
as a rule are thinking that distances are
long and railroad fares high. They be
long, or did belong, to the Cummlngs
Company, which breathed its last a week
ago, and they are looking for money
from home, for while they consider Port
land a very pleasant place, all loaf and no
play gives your actor a lean and hungry
look and causes him tb think darkly on
long gleaming rails and lines of ties just
too near together to mako convenient
steps, narrowing away to the distant hori
zon. Most of the actors have brought at
tachment suits against the personal be
longings of Ralph E. Cummlngs, and
they complain bitterly that although Mr.
Cummlngs changes his raiment three and
four lime3 a day, the minions of tho law
report his assets nil. Mr. Cummlngs Is
probably as unhappy as any of them, but
he looks philosophical, and continues tb
change ids clothes out of the wardrobe
which the Deputy Sheriffs say does not
exist Occasionally he confers with the
ex-members of the company, and language
Is exchanged, but still the actors stay on
and on, and the letters they look for aro
a long time on the way.
Florence St. Leonard, who was the first
to sue, has not yet recovered the wages
alleged to be due her when the company
closed. James W. Cole, tho one member
of tho company who continues friendly
with Mr. Cummlngs, got in a claim early
and is supposed to be a preferred creditor,
although no one knows how his account
stands. Hal De Forest, a player of ex
ceptional merit, shook the dust of Port
land off his feet yesterday and departed
for Seattle, where he will join Melbourne
McDowell. Harry and Mabel Hlnes have
got almost enough money to take them to
their happy homes, and are looking for
more In every mall.
Meanwhile tho matinee girl can get a
view of her favorites from passing street
cars, and can see that the life of the
mummer is not all beer and skittles. Tha
difficulty, while not exactly edifying to
those who are in it, will hardly be of a
lasting nature, as all of trne members of
the company are actors of more than or
dinary ability, and will soon find employ
ment. But this is tho close season for
tho drama. "Aye, there's the rub."
Notes of the Stnjre.
In accordance with Joseph Jefferson's
custom to visit a city every other year,
the coming season is Baltimore's turn
with the genial comedian.
Mary Mannering will be seen In her
new play, "Graustark," in male for the
first time, when she appears In the dis
guise of a young military officer.
Fred Nixon-NIrdllnger, manager of the
Park Theater In Philadelphia, recently
made his debut as an author in a curtain
raiser called "For Dear Old Pen," a
pretty and pathetic little piece. He add
ed to his laurels lately by going to the
rescue one evening when one of the actors
was missing and playing the part himself.
Flora Zabelle, who sang "San Toy" last
season, and will appear In "The Messen
ger Boy" In September, Is said to be the
daughter of an Armenian clergyman, and
made her debut In Chicago two years ago.
Early last season she was given the part
of Poppy in "San Toy," and later fol
lowed Marie Celeste in the title role.
Push Alonff the 1005 Fair.
Oregon City Courier-Herald.
The citizens of Oregon City and Clack
amas County should do all possible to
help along the Portland gentlemen who
are pushing the Lewis & Clark Centen
nial for 1903. This progressive spirit
and desire to let the East know that there
is such a region as Oregon Is a step in
the right direction and although a big
undertaking it will be of untold benefit
to Oregon. The entertainment of the ed
itors in Portland two years ago has
helped Oregon along wonderfully, and
this world's fair will cap the climax and
bring Oregon and the Northwest Coa3t
before the eyes of the world in a light
that can not but benefit every resident
of this section. People are what we want,
and the best way is they come and seo
for themselves. By judicious advertising
of this fair we should fill up all the va
cant land on the Pacific Coast in the
next few years.
0
No "Illusive Conditions."
Buffalo Commercial.
What nonsense It is to talk about the
"Illusive conditions of National prosper
ity!" If banks persist In defying the
state and National laws under which their
institutions are organized, don't blame it
on an "illusive prosperity" if a collapse
comes!
The Henrt of the "Wood.
John Burroughs, In The Atlantic.
I hear it beat in morning still
When April skies have lost their gloom.
And through the woods thero runs a thrill
That wakes Arbutus Into bloom. '
I hear It throb In sprouting May
A muffled murmur on the breeze.
Like mellow thunder leagues away,
A booming voice of distant seas.
In daisied June I catch its roll.
Pulsing through the leafy shade;
And fain I am to reach its goal,
And see the drummer unafraid.
Or when the Autumn leaves are shed,
And frosts attend the fading year,
Like secret mine sprung by my tread
A covey bursts from hiding near.
I feel Its pulse 'mid Winter snows.
And feel my own with added force.
When red run drops his cautious pose.
And forward takes his humming course.
The startled birches shake their curls,
A withered leaf leaps In tho breeze
Some htdden mortar speaks, and burls
Its feathered mlssilo through the trees.
Compact of life, of fervent wing,
A dynamo of feathered power,
Thy drum Is mu3lc In the Soring,
Thy flight is music every hour.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
According to William Jennings Bryan,
he extended aid and comfort to the Fili
pinos only with his mouth.
Tho trials In the Solent prove conclu
sively that a yacht named Shamrock
will sail for the America's cup this Fall.
As far as can be earned, General Miles
seems to be bearing up very well under
the protracted absence of General Cor
bln. In Paris cabmen are arrested If they
swear. In America, however, thero Is no
such disposition to block the wheels of
progress.
Bryan would make more of a success
In journalism if he dropped the Commoner
and secured an editorial position on tho
War Cry.
The report that it was below zero at
Nome July 4 will make that region look
very attractive to the inhabitants of tho
Eastern States.
Chicago's new directory shows that tho
city has over 2,000,000 inhabitants. Tho
publishers of the volume understood full
well how to boom Its sale.
Ther was once a bad, bad English Earl,
Who courted and married a gear,
But his previous spouso
Mado a kick to the House
Of Lords, and they gave him a whearl,
Pat Crowe is said to have sent a check
to his lawyer from the Transvaal. The
British might avail themselves of hia
presence In that section by subsidizing
him to kidnap Dewet
Small Henry C , aged 6, had visited
the City Park and admired tho live ani
mals many times; but a new sensation
awaited him when he went out with his
nurse last week. On his return he said:
"Mamma, I went to a now park today.
It's a small park, and in the middle is
something that looks liko a kind of a
goat."
Nor was the suspicion lacking that ho
had "met up" with the equestrian statuo
presented to a certain Western city by
a distinguished citizen whose relations
with education are well known.
Mrs. C. Newman, of Campbell Park, a
Chicago suburb, was building a handsoms
white stone house, when some one discov
ered that the bay window extended four
feet over the building line. Neighbors ati
tacked her in the courts, and the houso
had to come down. She hungered for re
venge. Engaging the services of an archi
tect, she began to put up a shanty on
the site that will squat as a reproach
and an eyesore. Campbell Park is a beau-,
tlful place. Tho shanty stands with Its
back to the street. A man who never
before had done any painting was hired
to smear It yellow. Then In a local paper
appeared this advertisement: "Wanted,
a noisy family to occupy a new house;
must be at least five boys; red-haired
ones preferred."
A young man of Glencoe, O. T., is offer
ing 3000 tickets on himself as husband,
which ho is selling at $5 each, and It
Is said they are going like hot cakes.
This Is how ho explains his scheme: "By
selling 3000 chances for $5 each. It will
bring to me $15,000. which is a sufficient
sum of money to attract any young wo
man desirous of marrying. I may not
get the prettiest girl in tho country, but
I will get one, I am sure, who Is anxious
to marry me. I sell numbers for $5 and
agree when paid for the number to marry
the holder of said number provided sho
draws the lucky number at the raffle. I
will have the raffling conducted on fair
and square means, by parties entirely dis
interested in it. Numbers from 1 to 3000
will be placed In a box, and a blindfolded
party will draw out one number. The
girl holding the similar number shall
become ray wife. I will marry her a3
soon as she Is ready. The money will
bo invested so as to support us hand
somely. I shall take the bride on an ex
tended wedding trip."
I guess this here perfessor who is so all-fired
sot
In the notion that "Old Hundred" and them
other hymns is rot
Ain't got much Idee o music that kin make
a feller thrill
When ho hears tho organ rollln so ho can't ,
keep slttln' still.
But must Join right in tho singin' -with tha
choir an' the rest.
Till he's fairly shoutln praises to the dwell-
ln's of the bleat.
Songs that make a man feel that way I con
sider ain't Just what
Can be spoken of as beln' nothln' but a lot
o rot.
Folks that's been attending meetla sence they
was young girls an" boys
Won't ferglt that grand old music, and Its
soul-lnspirin' Joys,
And the words o hymns will linger ia the
memory fur years,
To be thought of with a feella that Is mighty.
close to tears;
An' though now there ain't no singin Uka .
there was In them old days,
When the hull big congregation all Joined In
an' shouted praise;
Yet It stirs you up to hear 'em. an It makes
you mighty hot
To have some fool perfessor say that all o
them is rot.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
His Reply. Friend What will you say to
these charges of dishonesty? Candidate H'm I
I shall say that I deprecate the Introduction
of personalities In 'this Campaign. Puck.
To Prove It Kind Gentleman Ah, what
a nice little dog you have, sonny: I don't
believe a nice little dog like him will bite.
Little Boy Don't, don't, yer? Sic 'em, Bill:
Ohio State Journal.
A Bluff. "Pa," said little Willie, looking"
up from his book, "what are 'gastronomies'?"
"Why er lemme see,' said the old man. "Oh!
they're these country Jays that blow out the
gas." Philadelphia Press.
The Doctor Your husband Is going to re
cover; but ho will never be the man he has
been. The Helpmate Oh, I am so glad, doc
tor! John never was the man I should like
to have him. Boston Transcript.
Premeditated Disability. "I'm afraid of this
half-ripe watermelon." "We've all eaten
some of it." "Well. I'll eat some, too; I
don't propose to be left In a condition to nursa
the rest of you." Chicago Record-Herald.
Doing Nothing Else. "We might as well
submit to the inevitable," said his friend. "Of
course." said the Chinese statesman; "hut
there are so many different kinds of It! Why,
we're working overtime submitting to the in
evitable !' 'Puck.
When Willie Got Home. "Mrs Knox," said
the hostess at dinner, "your little boy doesn't
seem to have much apptlte." "No, ho
doesn't, that's a fact." "Don't be bashful,
Willie," the hostess urged. "Won't you have
some more of anything?" "No, ma'am," Wil
lie replied, "I filled up on cookies before I
come, 'cause I heard ma tell pa we wouldn't
get much here." Philadelphia Press.
Condescension.
Washinston Star.
I wonder why it Is my lady fair
With gems would fain adorn her dainty hands,
And why she thus bedecks her lustrous hair
With polished pebbles brought from distant
lands.
For diamonds tumble In a Summer shower.
And every tree 'neath the electric gleam
Shows myriad rainbows In a passing hour.
More splendid than an old Arabian dream.
Oh, lady fair, thy reason pray make plain!
Why prize tho passing glint of shower or
stone.
Since it can do no more than strive in vain
To match the charms which nature made
your own?