THE JMORNTNG OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, JULY 13, 190J.
THE HIGH SCHOOL BOOKS
ADDITIONAL TEXTS REQUIRED FOR
FOUR-YEAR COURSE.
Too Much "Work Crowded Into July
Hott School Book Business Is DI-
-rldcd Cost to .Pupils.
According to the law passed by the Leg.
islature last Winter, "the course of study
for high schools in this state shall em
brace a period of four years- above the
eighth grade of the public schools of the
state, and shall contain two years of re
quired work, which shall be uniform in all
high schoola of the state. Such coune
of study for the two years of required
work shall be laid down by the Superin
tendent of Public Instruction, after due
consultation with all county and district
high school boards In the state. The
course of study for the two years of op
tional work in all high schools shall be
laid down by the county high school
board In the county, or the district school
board, in case of district high schools, aft
er due consultation with the Superintend
ent of Public Instruction."
Thus it is made the duty of the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction to
formulate and promulgate a course of
study for two years of required work In
all the public high schools of the state.
For the remainder of the four years
course required by law, the district boards
must provide. And, they must provide for
It this month, and make their selection of
text-books required, In addition to the
state adoption Just made, or they will be
confined for six years to the books adopt
ed by the school board. The law not only
forbids adoption of the additional books
between July, 1901, and July, 1907, "but it
also contains the following provision:
"The text-books that may be adopted
under the provisions of this act, and none
others, shall be used in the public schools
of this state."
So, if the district board should omit to
make its selection of additional books
this month, the high school would be
obliged to go without them for six years.
These additional books, in the case of
Portland, are a higher arithmetic, a trig-J
onometry and German and Latin texts.
"Under the tew adoption, It is not exactly
known whether this city will require more
or fewer additional books than It required
under the former adoption, and it cannot
know accurately until the state high
school course of study and the district
high school course of study shall have
been determined upon. It will take some
time to figure out the courses of study,
too much to admit of delaying selection
of additional text-books until then. It is
probable the additional selections will
he made by the Portland school board
upon the theory that the additional re
quirements will be about the same in the
future as in the past. The adoption of a
text-book by the school board authorizes
but does not compel 'its use in the high
school.
Superintendent RIgler will leave early
next week for a season at Newport, and
while there will work out the course of
study for Portland. Professor Davis is
jeft in charge of the matter of recom
mending additional high school books
needed for adoption by the board. Pro
fessor Davis says he will probably recom
mend the readoption of Wells' college al
gebra and Crockett's trigonometry, which
are already In use in the high school, but
in German, and Latin text-books he is not
yet ready to express an opinion. Few
books are required, for the highest high
school class is not numerous.
Superintendent RIgler yesterday ex
pressed the opinion that the state adop
tion of text-books should be In April in
stead of July, so as to allow time to
compile courses of study on an intelligent
understanding of the contents of the new
hooks, and to enable the district boards
to know just what additional hooks they
need for high schools. Under the law as
it now stands, too much is crowded into
July.
As. compared with the text-books on
grammar now in use in the public schools,
the books just adopted represent an in
crease in material, as well as a decrease
in price. The new series of grammars,
composed of three books, comprises over
200 pages more than Maxwell's three-book
series now in use. The new Reed & Kel
logg grammars contain more matter to
the page than Maxwell's, and, If the
judgment of the board is correct, the
new books contain a better presentation
of the subject than do the old ones. The
reduction in price-is 30 cents on the series.
From a careful computation after all the
adoptions were made, it Is estimated that
the school book business of Oregon, aside
from High School books and the supple
mentary adoptions, will be distributed in
The following proportions:
Glnn & Company 59.0 per cent
D. C. Heath & Company 19.0 per cent
Maynard. Merrill & Co 13.5 per cent
Silver, Burdett & Company.. 6.0 per cent
Christopher-Sower Company.. 1.5 per cent
W. H. Vueeler & Company... L0 per cent
The paying books in the High School
course went to Macmillan & Co. and
Heath & Co. The others are distributed
among Glnn & Co., Sliver, Burdett & Co.,
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Sibley & Duck
er, Glnn & Co., and the American .Book
Company. The only text-book awarded Vae
American Book Company was astronomy.
The cost of books for the entire eight
grades below the High School is $S 84, or
$1 10 per pupil per grade on an average.
This is based on an estimate of what the
new course of study will require. Another
computation reaches practically the same
result. According to the last biennial re
port of the Superintendent of Public In
struction, the entire enrollment in the
public schools was 89,405. The estimated
cost of a change of books is about 599.C00,
which would be about $1 10 per pupil per
grade. The computation based on the
total number of pupils in the state makes
no allowance for copy books, music books,
etc. On the other hand, the computation
based on the list of books makes no al
lowance for books bought at retail price,
so that in the end the two methods of
computing would seem to reach about the
same result.
The expenditure of this sum of money
will put into the hands of every pupil In
the state a full set of new books and there
will be a corresponding decrease in the
amount expended for books during the
second year the books will be In use.
Boers and Xctt Englanders.
The Monthly Review.
The Boers owe more to the mother
country than do New Englanders, whose
ancestors fled from Anglican rule In 1620.
Each of these peoples carried to new
countries the qualities they had inherited
from their parents, but in neither case
can their future successes be claimed by
the governments whose illiberal conduct
was the cause oi ineir emigration, cir
cumstances compelled the New England
era to clear the forest and build houses,
the Boer, on the other hand, Tvas In a
climate that made nomadic life agreeable,
and had to do with a soil that was pe
culiarly fitted for cattle, arid not for
iarmlng in our sense
Each has developed according to his en
vironmenteach held views on the subject
of government which ultimately produced
armed conflict, in the one case with the
mother country, in the other with a gov
ernment vastly more liberal than that of
Holland.
The Dutch in South Africa have shown
a pride of race which has saved them
from the consequences of Portuguese and
Spanish administration. The Boers as a
people have never mingled with the ne
gro. It is no small praise to the Dutch
character to recall that Boers and Anglo
Saxons are the only colonists that have
kept their blood pure. The Portuguese
and Spaniards not merely tolerated the
abominable practice of cohabitation with
negroes, they even encouraged It as a
means of more rapidly producing a popu
lation calculated to -withstand tropical cli
mates. In early New England as among: the
Boers, the Bible was at the bottom of
this disinclination to mingle with the
native. The Boers looked upon the Kaf
fir as the New Englanders of 1620 looked
upon the red Indian, as one of the heathen
tribes which they, a chosen people, were
called upon to exterminate, after the ex
ample set by Joshua; and indeed Joshua
reminds one much of Paul Kruger.
ATTACHED A PONY SHOW.
Balrd-CHnton Combination Sued for
Money Advanced.
U. G. Scott yesterday filed an attach
ment suit against the Baird-CHnton Com
pany, in the State Circuit Court to recover
$400 moneys alleged to have been lent,
$100 each by Scott, C. B. Williams, E.
House and Buffum & Pendleton. The par
ties each received a receipt In the follow
ing form:
"Received from $100 In full for sub
scription to stock of the Baird-CHnton
Combined Show, a proposed corporation,
which money Is to be returned him In case
the show company should be disbanded,
otherwise he is to receive his proportion
ate share of said paid-up stock in said
show."
The articles of Incorporation were filed
some time ago, and whether or not these
advances can be considered as loans will
be for the court to decide. The claims
were assigned to Scott for collection, and
the papers In the case were drawn up by
John F. Logan, attorney, yesterday after
noon, and were Immediately served.
The show, consisting of trick ponies and
acrobatic features, opened this week at
Savier and Twenty-second streets. The
principals Isaac W. Balrd and Richard
Clinton are old-timers In the show busi
ness. Suit Against Mining Company.
Gunder Kettleson and Frank Evanson,
employes of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan
Mining & Concentrating Company, have
commenced suit against the company in
the United States Court to recover dam
ages. Kettleson sues to recover $40,000, al
leging that, owing to the carelessness and
negligence of the company, he sustained a
fall, and suffered Injuries from which he
became paralyzed. Evanson also alleges
that, owing to the negligence of the com
pany, he sustained injuries which caused
the loss of the forefinger of his right
hand, which renders him Incapable of
working at his business as bookkeeper
on which account he asks for damages
in the sum of $10,000.
Court Rotes.
M. B. Holmes has sued E. B. Holmes to
recover $250 on a note.
A complaint in a divorce suit filed in
Clackamas County by Carrie E. Busby
against Lester Busby was filed by the
Sheriff yesterday.
Rosa Agnew was appointed guardian of
Newman Weber, a minor who has an In
terest in an Insurance policy issued to
his father, Henry Weber, deceased.
In the United States Court yesterday
a motion for a new trial in the case of
P. H. Tynan vs. Northern Pacific Railroad
Company was argued and denied by Judge
Bellinger. The case of Bolander vs. Sal.
lng was set down for trial on July 15.
Suit to recover $77 for flowers and grow
ing plants and placing them in position
in the lawn of the Gearhart Park Hotel
was filed in the State Circuit Court yes
terday by Fred L. Hager against M. J.
Kinney. The work is alleged to have been
performed in May last. A writ of at
tachment was filed with the complaint.
Anthony Neppach has commenced suit
against the Oregon Pulp & Paper Com
pany, Lv G. Gurnett et al.f to foreclose a
mortgage for $6000 on the paper mill
property at Bridal Veil. Three years'
Interest and costs are also demanded.
The company is now in the hands of re
ceivers who were appointed in. the suit
of the First National Bank for $10,000.
which is also a mortgage claim. Re
ceivers were desired In order that the
mill might be kept running. Paxton,
Beach & Simon appear as counsel for Mr.
Neppach,
DAILY CITY STATISTICS.
Marriage License.
T. S. McDanlel, 36; Lulu J. Edwards, 26.
Building1 Permit.
J. P. McEntee, one-story dwelling. East
Eighth, between Tillamook and Thomp
son, $1200.
Contagions Diseases.
Mrs. "V. Dunning, 414 East Alder street,
typhoid fever.
Real Estate Transfers.
John Nicholas Turner to Sarah A.
Ryman, lots 36 and 37, block 37, Pen
insula Addition No. 3, .May 6 $ 10
W. S. Gilbert to Olaf Peterson, east
of lot 1, block 48, Alblna, July 11.. 1
Jefferson Miller to Florence T. Miller,
lots 1 and 2. block 25, Central Al
blna, July 12 1
Richard Nixon, receiver, to P. S. Mal
colm, trustee, 50 acres in section 20,
township 1 south, range-1 east, April
15 1
J. S. Goldsmith to Jessie O. Bell, lot
10, block 5, Goldsmith's resurvey of
Smith's Subdivision and Addition,
July 11 , 2
Annie E. Durham and N. W. Durham
to Jessie O. Bell, same, July 2........ 150
Ona Watson Sloan, administratrix, to
Sam A. Murhard, lots 3 and 4, Wat
son Estate three-acre tract, July 5.. 1000
Margaretta F. Brooke, guardian, to
Thomas Scott Brooke, block 243,
Portland: Interest In lots 1, 2, 7 and
8. block 49, East Portland; lots 5 and
6, block 2, Smith' Subdivision, July
8 3140
Richard L. Zeller to Clarence P. Ir
vine, lot 5, block 4, Buckman's Ad
dition, July 11 3250
E. M. Bonser and husband to Mary C.
Crumbley, lot 10. block 1, East Port
land Heights. July 10 100
Mary F. Stearns to Loyal B. Stearns,
51x103x78x100 feett King and Taylor
streets, December l, inw l
B. F. Weston and wife to Mark Cran
dall, 30x360 feet, Llnnton, May 6 1
For abstracts, title Insurance or mtg.
loans, see Pacific Coast Abstract Guar
anty & Trust Co., 204-5-6-7 Falling bldg.
Odd Fellows Officers Installed.
The following officers have been in
stalled by J. C. Jameson, district deputy
grand master for the 42nd district:
Orient Lodge No. 17. I. O. O. F. S. A.
Starr. N. G.; W. E. Ogllbee, V. G.; W. W.
Terry, recording secretary; A. K. Currier,
treasurer; J. S. Foss, permanent secre
tary; C. R. B. Woodcock, .warden; B. F.
Holt conductor; J. E. Currier, I. G.; G.
W. Miner, R. S. N. G.; E. T. Bolen, L.
S. N. G.; D. K. Iliff, R. S. V. G.; H. S.
Paddock, L. S. V. G.; W. A. Wheeler,
chaplain; P. L. Cox, R. S. S.; M. S. Lang
don. L. S. S.
Harmony Lodge No. 106, I. O. O. F.
H. H. Beaumont, N. G.; J. Kublk, V. G.;
J. W. Applegate, recording secretary; W.
H. McRae, treasurer; A. Pottage, perman
ent secretary; B. S. Craig, warden;
Charles Courtney, R. S. N. G. The re
maining officers will he appointed and
installed later.
CONVENIENT TIME CARD.
The O. R. & N. service between Portland
and the seaside Is proving very popular
with the public. The steamer T. J. Pot
ter leaves Ash-street dock dally, except
Sunday and Monday (get a seaside time
card from O. R. & N. ticket agent), for
Ilwaco, connecting at Astoria with trains
for Clatsop, The Hassalo leaves daily,
except Sunday, at 8 P. M., Saturday at 10
P. M. for Astoria, connecting there with
trains and boats for Clatsop and North
Beach. Round-trip rate to all beach points,
good for season, $4 00; Saturday round
trip rate, good for return following Sun
day night, $2 50, and the lowest rates to
Astoria and other river points. All round
trip tickets for the beach sold at Portland
are good for return via boat or rail at
passenger's option. T.me cards, berth
reservations, eta, at O. R. & N. ticket of
flce. Third and Washington. .
Persons suffering from sick headache,
dizziness, nausea, constipation, pain In
tfhe side, are asked to try one vlal of
- 1 Carter's Little Liver Pill.
TO MAKE 1000 ENTRIES
OREGON AFTER PRIZES DY THE
WHOLESALE AT BUFFALO.
Exhibits From This State Still At-
tractlng Attention California.
Gives Up Agriculture.
Oregon will make 1000 entries for prizes
at the Buffalo Exposition. Superintendent
Dosch has spent four weeks relabeling
the exhibits and making out the entry
lists in triplicate. This Is particular work,
as an error might cost the state an
award. Superintendent Dosch Is very
much pleased with the condition of the
Oregon exhibit, for in a letter to Secre
tary Lamberson, of the State Board of
Horticulture, he says:
"Although It is two months since the
opening of the Exposition, hardly any
of the buildings are complete Inside.
Washington, which is our neighbor, has
just finished installing its grain exhibit
Nebraska will finish this week. Idaho
will probably not be complete before the
end of next month, and Worst of all, Cali
fornia's commissioners became so ashamed
of their agricultural exhibit that they
have taken it out and sold their booth
to a maple syrup company. This leaves
them only a small mining exhibit Their
composite horticultural exhibit, upon
which they have concentrated all their
efforts, consists of the various wine
booths, raisin-growers, prunegrowers,
peachgrowers, nutgrowers, candied-fruit
manufacturers, San Jose Preserved Fruit
Company, Fresno County and numerous
other small exhibitors, including the
Board of Trade and the Southern Pacific.
Each of these has spent- from $500 to
$2000 for individual exhibits,, making a
very comprehensive whole, but not an
individual growers' nor a commercial ex
hibit like our own display or the exhibits
of other states.
"All of our new exhibits, such as the
scoured wools from The Dalles, hops
from Marlon County and pine needle fibre
and manufactured goods from Grant's
Pass, are now In place. They attract a
great deal of attention- and keep the agri
cultural booth crowded all day long. In
the horticultural building, the center of
attraction just now are 14 plates of
Napoleon cherries from R. Cooper, of The
Dalles. They reached us a week ago,
and not a dozen cherries have decayed
since. New York, Illinois, Connecticut
and Michigan are also exhibiting cherries
scarcely one-third the size of ours
measly, sour things that the robins of
Oregon would turn up their noses at, and
you know that robins are not very par
ticular. "Just now I am scared almost out of
my wits at a rash act I did a few days
ago. About a month ago I "was informed
that the American Pomological Society
would hold a week's session In Buffalo
this year, and Mr. Taylor, its secretary,
invited me to discuss for the Pacific
Northwest The Development and Needs
of the Export Trade in North American
Fruits.' Here is whore I was rash, for
I accepted without considering. Pleaso
remember this society comprises all the
noted pomologlsts and fruit savants of
the United States. From 3000 to 5000 dele
gates will be here, every one loaded to
the guards with accumulated wisdom of
years of practice and experience. Now,
while I feel It an honor to Oregon to
have one of its citizens selected to pre
sent so Important a subject, I wish It had
been some one else. However, I said A
and must say B, and shall endeavor to
present the subject In a manner credit
able to the great state of Oregon."
The .Australian.
Tropics.
Frank G. Carpenter describes
I some
of the curious features of
Queensland. A state which raises
sugar, rice and tobacco. How the
farmers are helped. American ag
ricultural experts at high salaries.
How Mt Morgan, the world's rich
est gold mine, was discovered. It
has paid $25,000,000 In dividends.
Gymple, where the boys find gold
in the streets. Tin mines and Iron
mountains. Brisbane, the capital
of Queensland. Something about
holidays. The Australians as drink
ers. Their queer slang, etc Illus
trated letter In The Sunday Orego
nlan (tomorrow).
IRRIGATION NOTES.
A. Striking: Contrast Between Sec
tions of Oregon and Idaho.
One of the members of the United
States Geological Survey recently callled
attention to a striking contrast In the
development of the country lying on
each side of the boundary line between
Oregon and Idaho. In Southwestern Ida
ho, near Boise City and the state line,
there Is a considerable section well de
veloped by irrigation. Owing to the com
bined advantages of the rich character
of the soil, the favorable conditions of
the climate, and irrigation, this district
contains some of the best fruit-growing
country in the world. Just on the other
side of the state line in Oregon along
the Malheur and Owyee Rivers exactly
the same conditions exist rivers, soil and
climate with the exception of the appli
cation of water to the land by Irrigation,
the vital condition. In consequence this
section, though but a few miles distant
from the other, and just as capable of
high development, Is a desert country.
Here Is the whole Important question of ir
rigation in the arid West in a nutshell,
with It homes, farms and industry; with
out it, a desert.
Cnrions ResHlt of Irrigation.
Experienced irrigators of the arid lands
of the West say that where the oharac
ter of the soil is loose and sandy, as it
is in many parts of the central valley of
California and often elsewhere in the
West, it drinks up water put upon it in
a most astonishing way. Thousands and
thousands of gallons are run over it
and quickly absorbed by the thirsty soil
when irrigation is first begun, and this
may be continued for two or three years
If the soli Is deep. After several years
of continuous soaking, however, during
which time the ground has taken in great
quantities .of water, it reaches a condi
tion approaching saturation, when it no
longer needs more to make it suitable for
crops, and the question may even be
come one of getting rjd of the surplus.
It Is a well-known fact that the country
where Fresno, In Southern California,
stands today, was originally a desert,
arid waste where sheep had to scramble
for a living In a good year, and frequent
ly starved to death In a dry one. Today
there are thousands of acres of land un
der cultivation there, and the problem is
no longer one of irrigation, but of drain
age; and there is being now seriously agi
tated in the San Joaquin valley the ques
tion of the construction of a great drain
age canal to drain off the irrigating wa
ter. In the City of Tulare, when the
white people first went there, water could
not be found in wells at depths less than
75 to 100 feet below the surface of the
ground. Today it Is Impossible to pump
a well dry; it is even difficult to pump
it down a foot; 10 or 15 feet below the
surface the country seems to have be
come a great sponge. The reason for
this rather surprising result of irrigation
is that water introduced upon a given
tract sinks into the soil, and in the course
of years widely overflows its boundary,
thoroughly moistens the adjoining lands
ard completely changes the character of
the whole section. The significance of
this result Is that though at flrst invest-
ments in irrigating plants give returns for
but a limited area, In the course of years
the same plant will have opened up for
occupation and cultivation a much larger
area than was originally expected. This
view of the matter Is Interesting and sug
gestive of the possibilities of present ir
rigated lands in the next generation. Data
concerning the conditions are being
brought together by the Geological Sur
vey as part of its investigation of the ex
tent to which the arid land can be re
deemed. GEORGE B. HOLLISTER,
Resident Hydrographer U. S. Geological
Survey, Rutherford, N. J.
VERY BAD BOYS THESE.
Woodstock Youngsters Set Fire to
a. Hen.
Joe Evanovich, Arnold and Peter Ven
demeer, boys who committed serious dep
redations at Woodstock, were before
County Judge Cake yesterday, to deter
mine what should be done with them.
They were allowed to go to their homes,
but will be under the watchful eye of
W. T. Gardner, of the Boys' and Girls'
Aid Society.
There was a delegation from Woodstock
to testify as to the acts of vandalism of
which these youngsters had been guilty.
Shortly after the Fourth of July they tore
a flag from the home of Robert F. Brere
ton and spread It across the track for
the cars to run over. They then threw
a large stone through the window of the
house, nearly striking Mrs. Brereton. Go
ing up the track until they came to the
residence of J. C. Havely they threw
a stone through an upper window. They
did the same thing at the home of Mr.
Smith, near the Evangelical Church. At
Mr. Gllstrap's house they threw eggs,
which they had stolen, at the walls.
Again with amazing cruelty they caught
a hen which they saturated with coal oil
and then set on fire just for the fun of
the thing Hen roosts- were robbed and
chickens were disturbed. These are a
few of the outrages charged up to these
boys, who are of very tender age. Some
other boys of the neighborhood were more
or less implicated In the vandalism, but
It is expected that the action taken will
prevent further recurrences.
In the Northeast District.
Reports were received from street,
schoolhouse, free delivery and water com
mittees of the Eleventh Wafd Sub-Board
at the Thursday evening meeting at Pied
mont. On widening of Union avenue It
was reported that satisfactory progress
Is being made. Wednesday next the street
committee will meet the County Commis
sioners and present the matter of repair
ing "Vancouver avenue north from Alberta
street. In the matter of a new school
house for Woodlawn, good prbgress was
reported. The school directors recognize
the necessity for a new building, and will
no doubt recommend at the next annual
taxpayers' meeting that provisions be
made for it
Charles K, Henry, of the water com
mittee, said that In conversation with a
member of the City Water Committee he
had been informed that it would be at
least a year before any steps could be
taken toward supplying Bull Run water
to Highland, Piedmont and Woodlawn, for
the reason that there was none for that
purpose. George P. Lent also made a
statement to the effect that he considered
Mr. Henry had been misinformed. He
was sure the city had plenty of water
and that It could be furnished to that
district from the high service reservoir
whenever a main of sufficient size had
been laid from it. It was decided that
the committee be instructed to wait on
the Water Committee and ascertain flrst
hand just what may be expected. This
will 'be done at once.
The free delivery petition has been
signed and forwarded to Washington, J).
C. In due time it is expected that a
station will take the place of the Wood
lawn postofflce, and mall be delivered by
carrier in the district.
i '-
Dwigrht F. Knapp Promoted.
Dwlght F. Knapp, who had been fore
man of the machine shops department of
the Southern Pacific shops and also of
the wrecking crew, has been transferred
to the shops of the company at San
Francisco, where he Is master car re
pairer. He has entered on his duties
there and is gratified with the change.
His family will follow him to their new
home In about a month. Great regret
was felt over the departure of Mr. Knapp,
but all his companions felt pleased over
his promotion. Railway men do not
bestow presents upon their superiors, but
his former associates and the employes
of the shops presented Mrs. Knapp with
a handsome silver set as an expression
of the high esteem in which her husband
is .held. There are few men in railway
circles who have a better record for
handling wrecks than Mr. Knapp. Noth
ing was too difficult for him to under
take, and he was never known to fall.
He worked with skill and precision. His
men had perfect confidence in his judg
ment. None of his men was ever in
jured while picking up wrecked engines
or cars.
Public Installation.
The public installation of the officers of
Orpheus Lodge No. 59, K. of P., took
place Thursday evening at the hall In the
Logus block, in the presence of a large
gathering of members and their invited
guests. Deputy Grand Chancellor E. H.
Morse acted as installing officer. After
the grand officers had entered the hall,
Thomas C. Devlin delivered a highly
pleasing and eloquent address on the
order and what it represents. The follow
ing officers were installed: Chancellor
commander, A. C. Olsen; vice-chancellor,
John Oberender; prelate, George Emer
ick; master of work, John Olsen; keeper
of records and seal, C. W. Kern; master
of exchequer, F. B. Stewart; master-at-arms.
H. I. Powers; inner guard, Joseph
Younger; outer guard, W. C. Ward. The
Fox orchestra furnished music. Miss
Lynch, L. Doue, the Misses Grlnd3trum
and the Misses Nordstorm furnished selec
tions during the Installation. The even
ing closed with Ice cream and dancing.
Burned "With PoTtrder.
William Huston, whose parents live on
the corner of East Ninth and East Sher
man streets, had accumulated a large
stock of powder Fourth of July, which
he did not care to carry over to next
year. Last evening he put all the powder
into a can which had a lid. He then
undertook to explode the mass with suc
cess, but he did not get away fast
enough and was badly burned on the face
and hands. He lifted off the can and
droppeti a light Into it, expecting to have
time to drop the can and get out of
danger, but the explosion was Instantane
ous. Dr. M. A. Fllnn was called to at
tend the boy. While his burns are pain
ful, they are not serious. His eyes were
Injured to some extent.
East Side Notes.
Miss Agnes Kelly left last night for
Yakima, Wash., to visit relatives. She
expects to be gone two months.
Dr. F. D. Miller and wife will leave for
the East next Tuesday. They will be
absent two months, and will visit Buffalo,
Albany, Chicago and St. Paul.
Rev. J. J. Dalton, JD. X)., and wife left
yesterday evening for McMInnvllle, where
they will remain over Sunday. Dr. Dalton
will take part In the 50th anniversary of
the Cumberland Presbyterian Church of
that place. He will deliver two addresses
Sunday, one on "The Outlook for the
Church In Oregon," and one on "The
Doctrines of the Cumberland Presby
terian Church."
Mrs. Gue, wife of Rev. G. W. Gue, D.
D., pastor of Centenary Methodist
Church, who has been an invalid for the
past two years, is considerably Improved
in health, but owing to her helpless con
dition Dr. Gue has sent his resignation
as one of the delegates to the Ecumenical
conference, which is to meet in London,
England, September next. He was elected
delegate by the general conference,
WAS. A PIONEER PRESS
OREGOXIAX'S RAMAGB DID WOR'K
IX THREE PACIFIC STATES.
First Nevrspapers of Saa Francisco,
Portland, Olyninla and Seattle
"Were Printed on It,
George H. Hlmes, assistant secretary of
the Oregon Historical Society, has col
lected much more data about the presses
of The Oregonlan than have heretofore
been available. He says that the flrst
paper in San Francisco, the flrst paper
In Portland, the flrs paper north of the
Columbia River which was published at
Olympla, and the flrst paper in Seattle
were printed on the Ramage press, from
which the Initial number of The Oregon
Ian was run off In December, 1830. To
an Oregonlan reporter he said yesterday:
"The account of the evolution of The
Oregonlan presses appearing In the issue
of la3t Sunday was highly Interesting.
There was a slight error, however, re
garding the Ramage press, which ought to
be corrected In the Interest of accurate
history.
"The small engraving near the top of
column five on page ten shows a Ramage
press, and not the engraving which Is
designated by that name. The latter
picture was made from a photograph of
a press now owned by Moorhead Bros.,
publishers of the Junction City Times,
and it has over the top in white paint
the words 'Ramage Press.' The designa
tion Is not correct, because the Ramage
press had wooden posts and the Impres
sion was given by means of a screw;
whereas the press at Junction City Is
made entirely of Iron, and the Impression
Is given with a compound lever. There
Is another point of difference also. The
Ramage press used In printing The Ore
gonlan had a bed large enough to take
on two pages 14xlS Inches, and there
was a space of 2 Inches between the
pages, making the type forms over all
18x30 inches. The size of the paper
used was 22x32 Inches, but the platen was
only large enough to print one page, thus
requiring four Impressions to perfect one
paper, and not two impressions, as stated
in the article in Sunday's paper. The
press at Junction City Is a very old one,
and probably was brought to Oregon In
the early 50's by AsaheJ Bush, of the
Oregon Statesman. There Is no mark on
the press Indicating who made It, but It
Is probably a Wells press, as there was
a pressbullder In New England In the
flrst half of the nineteenth century named
John J. Wells. The size of this press is:
Bed, 22x29 Inches; platen, 19x26 inches.
The largest newspaper form that can be
printed upon It Is 18x234 inches, with
paper 20x26 inches.
"The builder of The Oregonlan press
was Adam Ramage. He came from Scot
land to America In 1790, and began busi
ness in Philadelphia, and for many years
was the principal pressbullder in this
country. His press was a slight improve
ment over the Blaew, which was devised
by William Jansen Blaew in 1620. The
principal improvement that Ramage made
was the substitution of an Iron bed upon
which to place the type forms for the
stone one before used. The speed per
hour might be 200 Impressions, but as
only one page "could be printed at a time,
it may be seen that only 50 papers per
hour could be completed, and that re
quired two persons, the pressman and the
roller-boy.
"How the press and typo Mr. Dryer
brought to Oregon came to be In San
Francisco Is not absolutely known to me,
but there Is a good reason for believing
that the plant was used to print the Alta
California, the first newspaper of that
city. It has been stated that Mr. Dryer
brought the plant with him from the
East when he flrst came West, and that
he had had some newspaper experience
in New York, his native state, before
coming to this Coast; but this is not true,
according to a statement from his brother
to the writer.
"How long the Ramage press was used
by The Oregonlan is not definitely known,
but the appearance of No. 20, of volume 1.
of The Oregonlan, dated Saturday, April
19, 1851, shows that the new type and
Washington handpress, referred to In No.
1, December 4, 1850, as on the way from
New York, had arrived and were In use.
The question has been raised as to what
became of the Ramage press. This I will
attempt to answer. It wa3 taken by
Thornton F. McElroy by water to Olympla
some time In July or August, 18o2, and
used in printing the Columbian, the flrst
Issue of which was on Saturday, Septem
ber 11, 1852. This paper was edited by
J. W. Wiley, and was the flrst north of
the Columbia River. A few months later,
perhaps a year, McElroy sold his interest
to A. M. Berry, who was a printer on
The Oregonlan for a time, perhaps the
first, and the name was changed to the
Washington Pioneer. Early in 1834. Reuben
L. Doyle, who had also worked on The
Oregonlan in 1853, went to Olympla and
was admitted as a partner, and the name
changed to the Pioneer and Democrat.
About this time the Ramage press and
the old type were laid aside, a Washing
ton handpress and new type being sub
stituted. Before the old Ramage was cast
aside in the Pioneer and Democrat office,
John Clark, a thorough machinist and
ironworker in all branches, enlarged the
platen sufficiently to print two pages at
once by fastening plates of heavy sheet
steel underneath It, thus doubling Its
capacity. The x labor of running It was
correspondingly increased, and It came to
be known as a regular 'man-killer.' This
press was next used In September, 1S61,
by James R. Watson for printing the
Overland Press. It was at that time
that I became acquainted with It, and
worked it for a little while. It remained
In Olympla for sevtral years and finally
was bought and removed to Seattle by a
Scotch printer named S. L. Maxwell, who
started the Intelligencer, which after
wards was consolidated with the Seattle
Post, and is now known as the 'P.-I.
In a few years It was retired from active
service, and came to be regarded as a
curiosity, and was destroyed In the great
flre which swept over Seattle In 18S9."
Gcntns and Gont.
Popular Science Monthly.
This association of genius and gout can
not he a fortuitous coincidence. The se
cret of the association probably lies in the
special pathological peculiarities of gout.
It Is liable to occur In robust, well-nourished
Individuals. It acts In such a way
that the poison Is sometimes in the blood
and somtlmes In the joints. Thus, not
only Is the poison itself probably an irri
tant and stimulant to the nervous system,
but even Its fluctuations may be mentally
beneficial. When It is in the victim's
blood his brain becomes abnormally over
clouded; when It Is in his joints his mind
becomes abnormally clear and vigorous.
There Is thus a well-marked mental
periodicity: the man liable to attacks of
gout Is able to view the world from two
entirely different points of view; he has,
as It were, two brains at his disposal; In
the transition from one state to another
he Is constantly receiving new inspira
tions, and constantly forced to gloomy
and severe self-criticism. His mind thus
attains a greater mental vigor and acute
ness than the more equable mind of the
nongouty subject, though the latter Is
doubtless much more useful for the ordi
nary purposes of life.
It must not be supposed that In thus
stating a connection between gout and
genius It Is thereby assumed that the lat
ter Is In any sense a product of the for
mer. All the uric acid In the world will
never sufflceTof Itself to produce genius,
and it Is easy enough to find severe gout
in individuals who are neither rich nor
wise, but merely hard-working manual
labore-s of the most ordinary Intelligence.
It may well be, however, that, given a
highly endowed and robust organism., the
gouty poison acts as a real stimulus to
Intellectual energy and a real aid to in
tellectuaf achievement. Gout is thus
merely one of perhaps many exciting
YES OR NO
After onr examination we'll tell yon just wliat yonr eyes
need. We have all the new, improved and most accurate
instruments for testing the eyes, and can quickly locate
any possible defect. If you need glasses, we'll say so: if
you don't, we'll say so just as promptly. It's worth a
good deal to know the plain, simple truth ahout your eyes,
cut it costs you nothing.
waffle 0Mfcat Jkwfav.
218-19 FAILING BUILDING
Corner Third and Washlniton Streets
Take Elevator.
causes acting on a fundamental predispo
sition. If the man of genius Is all the
better for a slight ferment of disease,
we must not forget that if he Is to accom
plish much hard work he also requires a
robust constitution.
TAKING DEFINITE SHAPE.
Jfevv Conditions Lead to Change in
Railroad Systems.
The opinion Is growing rapidly in Wall
street and railroad circles, says the New
Yorjc Sun, that the "community of in
terest" railroad Idea is slowly but very
surely taking definite shape. Further
more, it is believed that the railroads of
this country will be substantially divided
in five distinct groups that will domi
nate the situation from the Atlantic to the
Pacific. The, greatest men behind this
most Important move are J. Plerpont
Morgan .and John D. Rockefeller, with
many big but less Important financiers
and railroad men who occupy relatively
less Influential relations to the movement.
Harmony, economy, the elimination of de
structive competition, increased stability
of Income for the investor, and the trans
portation of freight at the lwest possible
cost are some of the objects which are
behind the tendency to combination and
centralization of control.
Then, too, behind It all to an even great
er extent Is the coming struggle for the
world's markets. Already the fight Is in
progress and the leading countries of Eu
rope have awakened to the fact that the
United States holds not only a dominant
position as an agricultural country, but
also bids fair fo command the world's
markets In the manufacture of many nee.
essarles hitherto made and sold by Eu
rope. With an energy, capacity and capa
bility that is irresistible, this country Is
breaking down all barriers that have pre
sented themselves In the race for markets.
The whole United States is today not only
a great producer of minerals and food
stuffs, but 1C ha3 been transformed under
a wise administration of its affairs and
resources into a vast workshop. A cen
tury ago, or even fifty years ago, the man
ufacturing resources of wealth of this
country amounted to comparatively little,
today the figures and statistics are stag
gering In their enormity, and the country
goes right on growing and expanding,
with the press of England acknowledging
that the United States occupies a fore
most position as a nation of traders.
j. no great financiers of the Morgan
Rockefeller types watching the tendency
of trade have observed that In the strug
gle now beginning the industry of freight
and passenger transportation Is to bear,
as it always has, a very important rela
tion to the whole fabric of trade. It? is
going to be a world struggle fpr position,
nation against ; nation struggling for
commercial supremacy. England has al
ways controlled the ocean transportation
trade, having been the world's carrier,
exacting a tremendous revenue for the
service. Mr. Morgan and Mr. James J.
Hill have apparently determined that for
the United States to enjoy a commanding
position its railroads must) be combined
la transcontinental systems or In groups,
which will permit more perfect systems of
handling transportation. Mr. Hill, far
sighted and eager, observing the drift of
world Interest westward, is constructing
immense stteamshlps for the rich trade
of the Pacific. They will connect with his
railroad lines, and In tapping the rich
markets of the East will give his ships
and railroads and the country traversed
by his railroads an unrivalled position that
cannot? be overcome by any otner nation.
iMr. Morgan, extending the Idea on the
Atlantic, has purchased a line of freight
carrying steamships and gradually, it Is
believed, ho will add other lines to his
first purchase. The transcontinental rail
way systems of the United States, con
necting witta their ships on the Pacific
and Atlantic, are apparently determined
to make a great struggle for the leading
place as the world's transportation agent.
The idea Is not relished abroad, where It
begins to be appreciated at its exact? value
by an alarmed press.
As the railroad groups have been divid
ed, they appear to be arranged in the fol
lowing order:
First Trunk lines east of Chicago, rep
resenting Morgan Vanderbllt Pennsyl
vania control. A surface factor In the
situation Is a veiled threat of the Gould
Rockefeller combination that It will se
cure an outlet on the Atlantic Coast
through the Wabash and Lackawanna,
roads, thus connecting with the Gould
Rockefeller Southwestern systems, un
less It obtained greater recognition.
Second Lines west of Chicago having
Pacific Coast outlets and under the con
trol of "Kuhn, Loeb-Harriman interests,
with cordial Rockefeller 'sympathy and
financial support.
Third Lines northwest from Chicago
and controlled by Morgan-Hill Interests.
Fourth Lines extending southwest from
Chicago controlled by the Atchison, the
portion of which as far as control Is con
cerned, is not clearly defined. Inasmuch
as a representative of J. P. Morgan & Co.
and a vice-president of the Northern Pa
cific were recently elected directors of the
Atchison the opinion prevails that It will
become a Morgan property. It is also be
lieved that the Rock Island will be In
cluded in the same camp.
Five Lines southwest from St. Louis
controlled by Gould and the Rockefellers.
The greatest independent road remain
ing is the Chicago, Milwaukee &. St. Paul.
The road has been superbly managed.
It has the sympathy and support of the
population from which It gains lte rev
enue. It is a railroad giant physically
and financially. It is but natural that
Mr. Morgan and Mr. Hill selected the St.
Paul for the Northern Pacific In prefer
ence to the Burlington & Quincy, but
they could not get It. The proposition
for a lease was rejected. The St. Paul
executive board is a very flne one and
very conservative. Some of its directors
have been very Jealous of passing control
especially to the Northern Pacific, a road
that was bankrupt only a few years ago,
and Mr. Rockefeller and some of his
friends could not see just where they
were going to benefit, especially in view
of the tendency of railroad combinations.
They had plans of their own and wanted
recognition. And so the lease proposition
was turned down.
Mr. Morgan and Mr. Hill usually get
what they are after. That sort of thing
has become a habit with them. So they
went after the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy ior the Northern Pacific, and only
a short time before Mr. Harrlman had
tried to get the same line but failed. Mr.
Morgan and Mr. Hill succeeded and then
followed the now historic Northern Pa
cific corner which has locked up over
J150.000.000 worth of the stock of that com
pany. It looked very much as if the whole
"community of interest" scheme was go
ing to be wrecked on a- rocky shore, but
out of the difference has come harmony.
Big financiers, quick to see the threaten
ing danger, made haste to avert the
threatened disaster, and successfully. In.1
Wall street there are men who say that
young Mr. Perkins, who was recently
taken In the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co.,
and who also represents the New York
Life Insurance Company, did a good deal
to straighten out the situation; in fact.i
there are men who say that had it not,
been for the genius of Mr. Perkins ini
reconciling interests that appeared to be
unable to agree, that the recovery from
the late panic would have been Indefi
nitely postponed.
However, the question today is: Who
will get the St. Paul? The answer is that
legal control will not be passed; that1
there will be no exchango of securities,
and that there will be no surface change
In the St. Paul system. The great capi
talists in control of the Western and.
Northwestern group have extended their
harmony plan, and now the view is that a
syndicate composed of all the Interests
directly represented will acquire control
for the welfare and interest of the two
groups. As a matter of fact, the interests
named own control of the St. Paul, and
the alliance Is one which is of the nature'
of a reconciliation.
Chairman Roswell Miller, who, like all
railroad men, will never make official an
nouncements In New York In the neigh
borhood of "Wall street, says: "I do not
know one thing about the reported St.
Paul deal." Mr. Miller said the same
thing about the Northern Pacific attempt
to lease the road, and he also professed
not to know anything about the St. Paul's
Increased dividend prior to last dividend
day. Some men in Wall street go so far
as to say that a syndicate has acquired
St. Paul slock of a par value of $25,000,
000 and that It will be offered to tho
Union Pacific.
Some Old English Absurdities.
Nineteenth Century.
The Lord of the Isle of Man Is bound
by the tenure of his Inheritance to pre
sent two falcons to the King. The orig
inal grant seems to have been by Henry
IV to Henry. Earl of Northumberland.
There is an admission of the claim at
Charles IPs coronation. At the corona
tion of George PV "among the feudal
services the two falcons of Lord Derby
for the Isle of Man were conspicuous.
The King descended from hJs
chair of state, and the ladles of the
court pressed round to caress and examine
the noble birds." According to the tenure
of the manor of Nether Bilslngton, In
Kent, the Lord must give three maple
cups to the King at the banquet. This
tenure dates from Henry I. The manor
of Heyden, in Essex, is held by the ser
vice of presenting the towel to the King
when washing before the banquet. The
service can be traced back to the Picot
family. In the reign of Henry II. "Petrus
Picot tenet dlmid Heydene per serjantiam
serviendl cum una toalla ad coronatlonem
rigls." Another service dating from Henry
II Is attached to the manor of LIston, in
Essex. The service consists in making
wafers, which the Lord of the manor must
bring in person to the King and Queen
at the banqueting table. The manor of
Addlhgton, In Surrey, was granted by
William I to Tezelln. the King's cook,
upon the service of making a dish, called,
variously, grout or dllllgrout, In the
King's kitchen. The service has survived
to the present time: but as the Lord of
Addington is no longer the King's master
cook, a division of labor takes place; the
King's cook prepares the dish and tho
Lord of the manor serves It to the King.
Contagion in Schools.
Motherhood.
Any one who has worked In schoolrooms
must have been Impressed with the fact
that the children come into frequent and
close personal contact, such as putting
their faces together, blowing Into each
other's faces, examining slates and pa
pers, and sitting close together.
Common means of contagion are these:
Kissing, exchanging handkerchiefs, rib
bon, chewing gum, whistles, slate and
lead pencils, which are almost always,
consciously or unconsciously, carried to
the mouths. Coins also are treated in
the same way. Drinking cups, by their
common use, often spread diseases. School
books are ready carriers of contagion.
Then also may be mentioned the dangers
from overcrowding the schoolrooms, which
lead to the breathing of Impure air and
the dissemination of germs. Wraps which
are not absolutely needed often hang
where they dry and are aired in the
schoolroom.
The foundation for many cases of pul
monary diseases and chronic invalidism,
can sometimes be traced to a badly ven
tilated schoolroom.
WHAT DO THE CHILDREN DRIXK?
Don't glvo them tea or coffee. Have- you tried
the now food drink called ORAIN-O? It is de
licious and nourishing and takes the place of
coffee. The more Grain-O you give the chil
dren the more health you distribute through
their systems. Grain-O Is made of pure
grains, and when pioperly prepared tastes like
the choice grades ot coffee but costs about &
ar much All ijrncera sell it. 15c and 23c
NEW HUSBAND.
Quite an Improvement on the
Old.
" 'I have been compelled to stop drink
ing it," I said to the friend who asked me
to strengthen up on a cup of her good
coffee. 'Well, she said, 'that needn't
bother you, for I have Postum Food
Coffee here, which completely cured a
friend of mine of sick headaches.' I
tried her coffee and it was very good,
but when I tried to make it at home, 1
was disappointed. I soon found that 1
was not making it correctly, but by put
ting In two heaping teaspoonfuls of
Postum for each person and letting It
boll twenty minutes, it was delicious.
"I had at that time been an invalid fo
several years, but did not know my
trouble was caused by coffee drinking, of
which I was very fond. I Immediately
began to feel better after leaving oft cof
fee and using Postum, and stuck to It.
One day I met a lady who was troubled
the same as I was, and whose appearance
on the street really shocked me. for she
was so emaciated. She exclaimed in
surprise at ray Improved appearance, and
wanted to know what I had been doing.
She asked me If I had had a healer of
any kind. I said 'Yes, I have allowed
Postum Food. Coffee to work the almost
complete miracle of curing me.
"My husband has been absent in Geor
gia for some time and has been In
wretched health, having been in the hos
pital twice for Indigestion. I wrote him
to stop using coffee and try Postum, told
him also just how to make it. Yester
day I received a letter from him In which
he says, 'I am feeling very much better,
thanks to you and Postum. I sleep bet
ter, eat better, and In fact, my dear, am
quite an improvement on the old hus
band.' " Alice L. Gllson, S05 Park Ave.,
Salt Lake City, Utah.
4