THE MjUKHIKG .OKGONIAK, SATURDAY. JULY , 13, IgOl.
he reomofc
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j
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER-Maxlmum tem
rperature, 72; minimum temperature, 51; fair.
TODAY'S WEATHER-Generally fair; winds
tnostly northerly.
,lORTLAXD, SATURDAY, JULY 13.
OUR IMPENDING HUNGER.
Lapse of time will undoubtedly bring
the United States to a condition where
it can no longer supply its population
"with foodstuffs grown on its own soil.
Either we shall be reduced to the im
porting system of Europe, or else we
shall have to Increase, through applied
chemistry or otherwise, the output of
'our land. Nobody is concerned about
this exigency now, but Statistician
.Hyde, of the Agricultural Department,
'Is of the opinion that we have already
'entered upon the beginning of the end
of our foodstuff exportation, and ap
proaching the time when consumption
will even outrun the home supply.
That is to say, our population is
growing faster than our foodstuff pro
duction, while the relief afforded by
'new regions brought under cultivation
is rapidly narrowing. As compared
with 1880, the grain production of the
United States in 1890 showed a decrease
of 200,000,000 bushels; that of 1000 shows
an increase of 30 per cent But in these
twenty years population has increased
over 50 per cent, and the proportion of
'grain available for export has obvious
ly been reduced. "Within the same
twenty years the acreage devoted to
(com has Increased 30 per cent, to oats
69 per cent, to barley 60 per cent, and
'to wheat only 12 per cent, while the
'acreage devoted to rye and buckwheat
has decreased. Assuming that the
population of the United States in 1931
,will be at least 130,000.000, Mr. Hyde
calculates the requirements of home
Iconsumption fit a wheat crop of 700,000,
'000 bushels, an oat crop of 1,250.000,000
1ushels, a corn crop of 3,450,000,000 bush
els, and a hay crop of 100,000,000 tons,
'with cotton and wool, fruit and vege
tables, dairy and poultry products,
meats and Innumerable minor com
modities in corresponding proportions.
Thirty years hence, then, according to
Mr. Hyde, our home" demand will re
quire a wheat crop 34 per cent larger
I than that of 1900, a com crop 64 per
cent larger, and an oat crop 54 per cent
larger; which means that "the area
necessary to the production of the three
principal cereals alone will be over 15
'per cent greater than the total acreage
j devoted in1898 to grain, cotton and hay,"
iwhlle the cotton and hay and minor
'cereals required will call for an acre
age exceeding the total area of im
proved farms at the present time. At
a decided advance over present pro
ductiveness, therefore, within thirty
years we shall have reached a point
where our foodstuffs will all be needed
at home, leaving not a pound for ex
port. One naturally turns to the hope of
subjugation of new land. The census
,of 1890 designated 42.6 per cent of our
total farm area as "unimproved." From
.this source great relief might naturally
be expected. But Mr. Hyde's Idea of
this resource is substantially that It
will prove a broken reed upon which
to lean, and for two reasons. With the
good land we have been having, sub
jugation has utterly failed to keep pace
,wlth Increased population, and, sec
ondly, the really good land is about all
gone. Amazing as has been the in
crease of the farm area of the country
within the last thirty years, it has not
Tieen sufficient to keep pace with the
growth of population. The addition of
128,300,000 acres, or 31.48 per cent, to the
area in farms between 1870 and 1880
only Increased the area per capita of
population from 10.57 to 10.69 acres. By
1890 the area, notwithstanding a fur
ther addition of 87,000,000 acres, or 16.25
per cent, amounted to only 9.95 acres
per capita, and it Is his judgment that
j the census of 1900 will almost certainly
find it under 9 acres.
Besides that, as has been said, all the
first-class land is gone. Mr. Hyde says
that for agricultural purposes the pub
lic domain is practically exhausted, and
that consequently there can be no fur
ther considerable addition to the farm
area of the country. He regards this
Jas too well established a fact to be
the subject of controversy, and adds
that of the entire area undisposed of,
72.7 per cent is in states wholly within
the arid region, and all but a small part
of the remainder is desert, mountain, or
at best suitable only for grazing pur
poses. On the basis of our present
aotual consumption, to the entire ex
clusion of our export trade, the coun
try will require thirty years hence a
total addition to Its present acreage of
wheat, corn, oats, the minor cereals and
' hay of 153,700,000 acres, without making
any provision for the proportionately
.increased consumption of vegetables.
Irults and other products. Here Is a
deficiency of something like 50.000,000
acres in the area required to feed 130,
000.000 of people.
The bearing of these conclusions upon
several momentous problems lsv inter
esting. When our farmers can sell all
their grain at home, Siberian imports
will have no terrors for us, and the
enormous exports with which Mr. J. J.
Hill proposes to feed Asia will have to
be replaced with manufactured goods.
A hint may also be supplied for the
theory of your Uncle Jimmy Wilson,
who looks forward to an early and
happy day when our trade "with
abroad" shall consist solely of exports
and no Imports. Fortunately, there Is
very little power in any of these vis
ionaries to impede the operation of
natural forces. Newton did not make
the law of gravitation; he only discov
ered it. The same is true of the dis
coveries of 'Malthus In population,
Gresham In concurrent money, and G.
H. Darwin In tidal action. Railroad
magnates and Cabinet Secretaries can
arrest the growth of population and
multiply production at will with about
the same success that would attend
their efforts to vary the proportion' a
diameter bears to Its circumference, or
to shift the plane of the ecliptic.
WHY INEVITABLE.
Spencer Wilkinson, the English mili
tary critic, In his recent book, holds
that our American Civil War was in
evitable, and Prpfessor Goldwln Smith
agrees with him and with the vast ma
jority of the American people in re
garding it as an irrepressible conflict.
The Springfield Republican thinks it is
an ppen question whether our civil
struggle was unavoidable, and quotes,
among others, so excellent a writer as
Professor Macy among those who hold
views exactly opposite to Mr. Wilkin
son's on that point. In his book on
"Political Parties in the United States"
Professor Macy argues that "the Civil
War occurred as the result of a series
of political crimes and blunders." His
view Is that If the Whigs, acting through
their great leaders, Webster and
Clay, had not signed their own death
warrant by passing the compromise
measures of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska
troubles would have been averted, slav
ery would have been arrested from fur
ther progress North, and would ulti
mately have died out In the South. The
New York Nation, in Its review of Pro
fessor Macy'a book, agrees with him
that the: catastrophe of the Civil War
grew out of definite wrongdoing which
might have been avoided.
Professor Macy holds that the pas
sage of the compromise measures of
1850 not only Infuriated the North
through the operation of the fugitive
slave law, and killed the Whig party,
but opened the way to its logical ulti
mate, the formal repeal of the Mis
souri compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska
bill of Douglas. The successor
of the Whig party was the Republican
party, an essentially sectional party.
But for the passage of the compromise
measures of 1850, the Whig party could
have been kept alive and strong, both
North and South. The maintenance of
the Whig party in the South would
have divided that section against it
self on the question of disunion, and
the Civil War would have been at least
postponed for many years, and prob
ably would have died a natural death
at the hands of a social and economics
revolution against it on part of the
poor whites of the South, since seven
out of ten Southern, voters held no
slaves.
This is the view of Professor Macy
and those who agree with him; It is
plausible, but not profound. Professor
Goldwln Smith, speaking of the chance
of avoiding the Civil War by a money
settlement for the slaves, says that
nothing more than the substitution of
serfage for slavery would probably
have been the result, but a measure
of this kind, easy of execution by the
autocratic power of the British Impe
rial Government and Parliament acting
upon dependencies, and by the ukase
of the Czar of Russia, could scarcely
have been conceived, much less could
It have been carried Into effect, amid
the fluctuations of popular suffrage and
the distractions of political party.
"It is probable that the conflict was
really irrepressible and doomed to end
either in separation or civil war."
The real reason why the Civil War
was inevitable grows out of the ines
capable conditions of human Institu
tions and human nature. Slavery died
a death of violence, as the historian
Parkroan said In 1878, because "the
Nation had not temperance, virtue and
wisdom enough to abolish It peacefully
and harmlessly," without coercion and
with harmonious consent and content
General Schofleld. a very able soldier,
wrote In 1894 of the Civil War that,
while it could not have been avoided,
nevertheless the fact that It could not
have been avoided was 'an unanswer
able Indictment of our civilization as
lacking in intelligence, wisdom and self
restraint If the quarrel between the
sections had been referred for adjust
ment and final settlement to men of
the moral and Intellectual quality of
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, and Al
exander H. Stephens, of Georgia, these
two old Henry Clay Whigs would have
soon arrived at an harmonious under
standing, for both were very able, hon
est, patriotic men, lifted above party
passion and sectional prejudice. But,
of course, if the high quality of Lincoln
and Stephens had been the ruling spirit
of the masses South and North,
slavery would have had but a short
life after the formation of the Union,
and would have soon disappeared as a
moral anachronism among an enlight
ened Christian civilization. There were
very few Llncolns at the North, and
very few men of the Stephens mental
caliber and moral fiber at the South,
and because this was so, civil war was
inevitable, for every narrow-minded,
honest man became a vicious partisan,
and every selfish, dishonest politician
became a pestilent, passionate dema
gogue. Because of this, the North and
the South had practically become two
nations in their feelings toward each
other at the outbreak of the Civil War.
Each loved so well its own institutions,
free or slave, that it despised those of
the other section. In the great debate
in Congress preceding the outbreak of
hostilities Senator Wigfall, of Texas,
'shouted:
The Star of the "West has swaggered into
Charleston harbor, received a blow full In the
face, and staggered out. Tour flag iias been
Insulted; redress It if you dare. You have
submitted to It two months, and you will sub
mit to It for ever. We have dissolved the
Union; mend It If youvcan; cement It with
blood; try the experiment.
The Southern people sang with enthu
siasm a ditty concerning
Lantern Jaws and legs, my boys,
Long Ape's from Illinois.
Under the circumstances with human
nature as it was, and as It is, the Civil
War had to come, and it would have
j come surely, whether the compromise
of 1850 had been enacted or not, simply
because we were not good enough nor
wise enough in time to. get rldof slav
ery without a civil war.
NORTHWEST GRAIN TRADE.
When it Is considered that so large a
portion of the sinews of trade In the
State of Washington come direct from
wheat, the Ignorance of some Wash
ington papers regarding the handling
of the business is so profound that it
is amusing. For instance, we find in
black-letter italic, set in five-column
measure, the following in the Seattle
Post-Intelligencer:
Another change, and one of great Import to
Washington, has come this season. Much oi
Oregon's wheat will Je shipped to Puget
Sound. This will be the case by reason ot
Washington's state grain inspection. In Ore
gon, the buyers perform this Inspection. In
Washington, the task Is performed by otate
offlclals. The seller prefers the latter. It
makes a- difference that counts In the aggre
gate when large amounts are marketed. The
better equipment of the transcontinental rail
way lines will help to bring about this move
ment of -wheat to Puget Sound. Last year
much wheat from the Walla Walla section went
to Portland by tho Columbia. The three coun
ties of that section had not sufficient cars to
ship to the Sound. This year, better railway
service will check the river movement, and
will lessen the proportion ot Portland's grain
receipts.
This "change," which the Seattle
Post-Intelligencer has just discovered,
has been in force. for over ten years,
ever since Mr. Hunt built a feeder for
the Northern Pacific into Umatilla
County, Oregon. There will be less
Oregon wheat shipped to Puget Sound
this year than there was last year, for
the reason that the Umatilla County
crop promises to fall short of that of
last year. On the other hand, more
Washington wheat will be shipped to
Portland than was shipped here last
year, because there Is every prospect
for a better crop in that portion of
Washington tapped by the O. R. & N.
Co., which is not hauling wheat to
Puget Sound at present.
As to that ancient chestnut, state
grain inspection, nearly every Intelli
gent wheatgrower in Oregon, Washing
ton and Idaho knows that it Is a farce,
and will continue to be so until It Is
recognized by the grain trade through
out the Northwest. The Post-Intelll-gencer
knows, or it should know, be
fore printing such broad state
ments as the above, that not a bushel
of wheat Is shipped foreign from either
Seattle or Tacoma on which the slight
est attention is paid to any inspection
or grades except those established by
the grain committee of the Portland
Chamber of Commerce. The Washing- '
ton State Grain Inspector established
his grade last year and proceeded to
collect his little graft of 75 cents, per
car. A week or two later the Seattle
and Tacoma grain buyers brought their
samples down to Portland, met the
Portland exporter, and together es
tablished an entirely different standard
from that of the Washington Grain
Commission. Practically all of the
wheat exported from Oregon and Wash
ington , finds a market In Liverpool.
The Liverpool buyers refuse to accept
the standard for Washington wheat es
tablished by the Washington Grain
Commission, and insist on buying and
selling on the standard adopted by the
grain committee of the Portland Cham
ber of Commerce.' There Is no charge
to the farmer for the latter service, and
every bushel inspected by the Wash
ington Grain Inspector. must again bei
Inspected by the buyers'and graded by
them before it can be shipped.
These arer facts so well known by
every one in any way connected with
the grain trade that it seems strange
that a paper would print such nonsense
as the above extract from the Post
Intelligencer. Truly, "it makes a dif
ference that counts in the aggregate
when large amounts are marketed," and
this 75 cents per car plain,, ordinary
graft, for which absolutely no, service
is rendered Is not appreciated by the
men from whom it Is collected. Eight
years ago (season 1893-94) Puget Sound
exported 44.5 per cent of the entire
amount of wheat exported from Ore
gon, Washington and Idaho. Never
since that date has she approached so
close to Portland In prominence as a
wheat exporter, although for the sea
son just past the Willamette Valley
crop was practically a total failure, and
that of the country tributary to Puget
Sound was of record-breaking propor
tions. This fact would seem to dis
prove the claim that state grain In
spection Is winning all of Oregon's
wheat trade to Puget Sound.
Regarding the car shortage last sea
son, It need only be said that, while
there were "not sufficient cars to ship
to the' Sound," the Northern Pacific
brought over 2000 cars of wheat over
the mountains, right through .Tacoma
across the Columbia and Into Port
land. The same company has just se
cured a 1000-foot frontage on the Wil
lamette River In this city, and will
build a warehouse here which will en
able it to handle more than 2000 cars
next season, when its terminals here
are In better shape. It might -be of ad
vantage for the Post-Intelligencer to
study up wheat inspection, transpor
tation and exportation before It again
tackles the subject.
CROSSBREEDING IX THE AGRICUL
TURAL WORLD.
The Burbank potato has obtained a
standing for excellence that has
brought famp to Its originator, a resi
dent of Santa Rosa, Cal., an enthusiast
who devotes his time and many fertile
acres to the scientific crossbreeding of
irults and vegetables. Notable among
his later productions in this line is a
fruit which he calls the "plumcot,"
specimens of which have lately ap
peared at fruit stands In this city.
Neither apricot nor plum. It Is said to
combine the best qualities of both,
being a cross between the apricot and
Japanese plum. Belonging to the same
family, these fruits can be interbred,
and the plumcot, beautiful, juicy and
of rare flavor, is the result A peach
bearing his name is another late pro
duction of Mr. Burbank's skill and pa
tience In crossfertllizatlon. a fruit that
It has taken him ten years of careful
experiment to produce. He says his
work consists more In elimination than
in creation; that is to say, he discards
a thousand products as worthless where
he preserves and propagates one as
useful.
This statement furnishes an In
sight Into the tireless patience and
skill required In the business. The
results, however, justify the outlay of
time, labor and money necessary to
success In the crossbreeding of fruits
and vegetables. As a business, It is
In Its infancy. It is proceeded with
upon the hypothesis that excellence in
the vegetable world can only be se
cured through a combination of the
best elements in two or more varieties
of the same family. It proposes the
elimination of the coarser, least deslr
. able elements or varieties ana the sub-
stltutlon of the finer by processes more
rapid than those which unaided nature
employs, but along lines where resist
ance Is not encountered or Is encoun
tered the least Through Its processes
horticulture becomes a fine art and
one of Infinite possibilities. Orchard
planting and cultivation and garden
growing in all of their details become
through this art matters of Interest
that amount to actual fascination. No
labor in this realm is reckoned as labor
lost, since even failure but enriches
experience, while experience lends new
vigor to hope, and hope Is likely at any
time, and certainly Borne time, to find
full fruition in a success at once grati
fying and profitable.
The men who benefits his fellows and
contributes to the progress of his age
by" making two blades of grass grow
where one grew before Is accredited
a public benefactor. A scientist as well
as a benefactor Is he who diversifies
the products of garden, field and or
chard by eliminating the cruder ele
ments .from their bounty and coaxing
the finer by the subtle processes of cul
tivation into new beauty, strength and
flavor. This Is what crossbreeding is
doing in the vegetable world under the
patient guidance of the enthusiast in
its realm, and though as a business it
is young in years, it has already
clasped hands with science and shown
great possibilities as an eliminator of
the coarser and a disseminator of the
finer properties of fruits, vegetables, ce
reals and flowers.
The members of the Third Regiment,
Oregon National Guard, dusty and
bronzed, each looked every inch the sol
dier as in heavy marching order they
returned to the Armory Thursday even
ing after a week's experience in the
field. The men generally were in ex
cellent condition, though the circum
stances of their outing forbade an ac
cumulation of adipose tissue, and,
when once the dust was washed off,
it is doubtful whether any one of them
would have pulled the scales down to
the notch that a week ago would have
shown his weight. Though unanimous
In the verdict that they had more work
than fun on the march, not one of them,
so far as heard from, Is sorry that he
went though all are undeniably glad
to get home. This Is universally true
of soldiers who see service In the field,
and proves the soldierly qualities of
the guardsmen. The men of Battery A
had similar experience, aifd reached
this city from Camp Whiting, near the
Sandy, a few hours in advance of their
comrades, on foot, dusty and cheerful,
having learned many things during the
week, one of which was that soldiering
is" not all play.
Patrons of the public schools of Ore
gon will be glad to learn that at last
we are to have text-books on geography
In the schools that will answer the pur
pose of Instruction in that Very valu
'able hranch of education. In the pub
lic schools of this cfty intelligent, com
prehensive instruction in geography
has been for some years conspicuous
by its absence. It is not improbable
that most of the teachers will them
selves have to become students In geog
raphy before they are able to teach it,
so utterly has this study been neglect
ed or so superficial has been the in
struction" In it during recent years.
One of the most Interesting studies in.
the school course, when properly pre
sented, geography becomes tiresome
and humdrum when crude, outdated
text-books arve. U3ed, and teachers with
out the .enthusiasm born of a full knowl
edge of their subject conduct the
classes.
The tobacco trust made announce
ment two weeks ago that the prices of
cigars and manufactured tobacco would
not be reduced on account of the re
duction in the Internal revenue taxes.
Accordingly, the wholesale dealers,
knowing also that the Government
would rebate the war . tax on all
goods In stock on July 1, proceeded to
lay In large stocks from the trust
manufacturers at the same prices
which were to prevail after July 1.
They will now come in for the re
bate, and will accordingly profit from
their advance purchases to the extent
of the rebate. It fs said at New York
that wholesalers and jobbers have their
warehouses jammed full of tobacco and
cigars. Only by reducing prices to the
extent of the tax reduction can the
trust apparently now get back at the
wholesalers.
Ex-Brakeman Harvey's attempt to
mulct The Oregonlan because of Its
comment on the case wherein he was
accused of criminal assault on 15-year-old
Winnie Thorn met disaster at the
very outset, and was dismissed by
Judge Hamilton, at Eugene, yester
day. The Oregonian's home and place
of business are In Multnomah, not In
Lane or any other county In the state,
and any attempt to drag It away from
home to answer for Imaginary offenses
betrays weakness that the courts can
hardly fall to recognize. It Is easy
enough to allege impressive damages
In such cases, but to make fair-minded
men believe the allegations 1b quite an
other matter.
Harvard did not give John Flske any
academic honors until 1894, thirty-one
years after he was graduated, despite
the fact that Flske was Its most dis
tinguished graduate of the past four
decades In history and letters. Har
vard never recognized Wendell Phil
lips until fifty years after he was
graduated, and In acknowledgment of
this belated honor the great orator
lashed his alma mater so mercilessly
as to seem a most unfilial and unforgiv
ing child. ,
The noteworthy mortality of eminent
persons these Intensely hot days is a
striking reminder of the same sort of
fatality about the early days of se
verely cold weather in December.
There can be no possible doubt that the
lives of manyare cut short by the ex
tremes of heat and cola in the East
who would live out their days In an
equable climate like that of Oregon.
Kansas seems to be confronting a
heavy crop loss this year through
drought. There's one comfort how
ever, and that is that Kansas is just
about the most prosperous state in the
Union. A matter of $50,000,000 will not
seriously distress the solid farmerB of
Kansas and Missouri.
The Eraser River Indians are firm in
their fishery strIKe, and the companies
are arming the Japanese non-union
workmen to resist, interference. Thus
heavily does the white man's burden
impinge upon the shoulder of both
red and brown,
ANTI-ISM'S LATEST OUTBREAK.
St Paul Pioneer Press.
The lonely band of anti-imperialists
celebrated -the Fourth by issuing .a mani
festo to the American people, calling
upon them to resurrect a dead issue and
to save themselves from themselves. It
was a lugubrious document, as the fol
lowing exordium sufficiently Indicates:
To the American People: The Antl-Xmperlal-lst
leagues of the United States nave been
silent since the Presidential election, but not
because they have less faith In their cauae
or believe the battle lost. Tlfey had hoped
that those who voted for Mr. McKInley. while
disapproving his policy In the West Indies and
the Philippines, would see that their votes
were misinterpreted, and would make their
disapproval known and felt They had hoped
that Congress would claim Its place In our
Government, and would insist that the princi
ples of freedom must be recognized and ap
plied wherever our country holds sway. They
had hoped that the Supreme Court would with
no uncertain voice declare that no human be
ing under our control could be without the
rights secured by our Constitution, and thai
neither President nor Congress, nor both to
gether, could exexcise absolute power over men
entitled to the protection of our flag.
These hopes have not been realized. Where
Benjamin- Harrison robly led, too few have
followed.
Except as a curiosity it is perhaps not
worth while to waste words on a cult
that exposes Its own absurdities and its
own weakness In so naive a manner. It
would be certainly more patriotic not to
say anything about this new outbreak,
just as some cities are modest about ad
vertising the prevalence of smallpox. At
the same time, since the manifesto shows
that the disease of antl-lmperlallsm has
not been entirely stamped out. It may be
excusable to say something more on the
subject.
The gist of the argument Is contained
In the following paragraph of the mani
festo: In organized society there Is no liberty that
is not constitutional liberty. Even In America,
where we have only to fear the abuse of power
by our own fellow-citizens, we all rely on con
stitutions. National and state, to protect our
rights. We cannot conceive an Amerlcancom
munlty without these safeguards. Do not the
Inhabitants of Luzon need against U3 the pro
tection that we need against ourselves? It has
ever been the American method to Incorporate
acquired territory with representation; It Is
now proposed to revert to the Roman method
and hold conquered territory by force without
representation. This policy which we oppose
gives to the Filipinos and Porto RIcans no Con
stitutional rights, no American citizenship, no
hope of statehood, no voice In the Congreso
which rules them: It leaves them without a
country, the subjects of a Republic. To be
lievers in free government this policy Is mon
strous. Of course part of this misrepresents the
facts, and part is premature and will be
proVed to be as false, in the course of
time, as events have proved the earlier
prognostications of this school of calam
ity howlers. It would be a difficult task
to prove that "there is no liberty that
is not Constitutional liberty" even In these
days when political rights are so often
fortified by written constitutions. It would
be still more difficult to prove the bless
ings that flow from a written constitu
tion to people that do not know how to
guard their own rights. Indeed, the his
tory of South America Is one continuous
lesson in the folly of depending: upon mis
fit constitutions to protect tho Individual
from tyranny. In the light of conditions
in a score of lands the expression is noth
ing but claptrap, a bit of rhetoric that
Is disproved by a thousand facts. Even
more unwarranted is the assertion that
"It has ever been the American method
to incorporate acquired territory with rep
resentation." There has not been a square
foot of soli from the Alleghenles to the
Pacific that has not for a time been
held and governed without representation.
If tho right to have a delegate in Con
gress who cannot vote constitutes repre
sentation, the statement is true enough
so far as organized territories have been
concerned. But by their own definitions
and by the wording of the TDeclaratlon of
Independence, whose principles these anti
imperialists Insist this country Is nbw vio
lating, the mere right to have a repre
sentative without a vote is not representa.
tion. Moreover, Arizona, New Mexico and
Oklahoma are to this day governed by
Congress, Just as Porto Rico and the Phil
ippines are governed. They are districts
of American territory, autonomous so far
as local affairs are concerned, just as
Porto Rico is autonomous and as the
Philippines will be eventually. The in
habitants of New Mexico, of Arizona and
of Oklahoma have no more "American
citizenship," except as conferred by Con
gress and by treaty, than the Porto RI
cans or the Filipinos, and as for the
prospect ot admission to the Union, it is
conceivable that tho admission of Porto
Rico will antedate that of New Mexico.
It Is a purely unwarrantable assumption
that the islands will never become states,
though there is little prospect, since New
Mexico, after BO years, has failed to at
tain to that condition, that the Philip
pines will do so within the present gen
eration. But It will still enjoy perfect
civil liberty.
If the right to tax themselves and to
run their own affairs without suffering
the burden of our system of taxes; and
if to enjoy the protection of our Army
and Navy and of our prestige, without
being called on for one penny to support
the general Government, is to be left
"without a country" and to suffer tho
cruel late of being "subject to a republic,"
there are plenty of persons in America
who would be willing to undergo such
a loss of, civil rights. If the Filipinos
are not! yet in an analogous position, It is
not the fault of Congress or the Presi
dent, but of their own unfortunate mis
understanding of our Intents and pur
poses. A year or two more and there will
be no essential difference between the
two dependencies.
As to Constitutional rights In the sense
of a written guarantee, It is true that
they have no bill of rights extorted by
them from the American people. But
they have such a bill of rights granted
by the Constitution of the United States,
and upheld by a majority of the Supreme
Court if we. do not mistake tho purport
of the various opinions In the Downes
case. Congress cannot pass ex post facto
laws, bills of attainder, violate the re
ligious or cVll liberties of the Individual
or his rights of property In the Philip
pines any more than in New Mexico. And
the Inhabitants are doubly safeguarded
against such abuses because Congress
would not dare to face the people after
violating one of those principles, if It had
the power to violate them. Finally, there
Is not a man in Congress who would think
of such a thing. To say that the Porto
RIcans and Filipinos have no Constitu
tional rights Is rank stuff and nonsense.
And C the men who put their signatures
to such assertions as appear In the para
graphs quoted are not ashamed of it, It
Is because they don't know any better.
Rufus Chonte'K Manner.
Scrlbner's.
Rufus Choato had a voice without any
gruff or any shrill tones. It was like a
sweet, yet powerful flute. He never
strained It or seemed to exert It to its full
est capacity. I do not know any other
public speaker whose style resembled his
in the least Perhaps Jeremy Taylor was
his model, If he had any model. The
phraseology with which he clothed some
commonplace or mean thought or fact,
when he was compelled to use common
place arguments, or to tell some common
story, kept his auditors ever alert and ex
pectant. An Irishman, who had killed his
wife, threw away the ax with which
Choate claimed the deed was done, when he
heard somebody coming. This, In Choate's
language, was "the sudden and frantic
ejaculation of the ax." Indeed, his speech
was a perpetual surprise. Whether you
liked him or disliked him you gave! him
your ears, erect and Intent He usedman
uscript a great deal, even in speaking to
juries. When a trial was on, lasting days
or weeks, he kept pen, Ink and paper at
hand in his bedroom, and would often get
up In, the middle of the night to write
down thoughts that came to him as ho
lay In bed. He was always careful to
keep warm. It was said he prepared for
a gr.at jury argument by taking off eight
great coats and. drinking eight cups of
green tea.
AMUSEMENTS.
The engagement of the Cummings Com
pany at Cordray's terminated with the
production of "One Night," Thursday
evening. It was expected that the play
would run the rest of the week, but Man
ager Cordray objected to certain features
of the play, and in consequence canceled
the engagement This will close the sea
son at Cos.dray'e. but it will be reopened,
August 25. by the full Tlvoll Opera Com
pany, of San Francisco, who will give a
season of the latest successes. Manager
Cordray says that the past season has
been entirely satisfactory, and that he
looks forward to tha next with confidence
that it will the best, both in point of at
tendance and attractions, that Portland
has ever known.
Sara and Mnnd.
Concerning the prospective production of
"Romeo and Juliet" by Maude Adams and
Sara Bernhardt, the New York Dramatic
Mirror says:
"Decidedly the meet colossal piece of
asininlty yet revealed In the managerial
search for 'circus' .attractions is the an
nouncement of the plan to 'present Sara
Bernhardt and Maude Adams in 'Ro
meo and Juliet the eoason after next. It
only needs the casting of William Gillette
for the Nurse to give the finishing touch
to the farce.
"It seems more than probable that this
extraordinary histrionic combination will
never come to pass, and that a year hence
the whole thing will have resolved itself
Into an exploded and forgotten advertising
scheme: for although Sara in her second
half-century has shown signs of elderly
absurdity (aa In her Hamlet and her Phll-
adelphobia), it is not likely that she will
so far forget the dignity of her past ca
reer as to caper before us In the guise of
a broken-English Romeo to an Ingenue
Juliet.
"Indeed, Sarah already has cast a shade
of doubt herself over tho proposed trans
action by eaylng In a London Interview
that her appearance will depend upon her
ability to study the lines In English satis
factorily. This qualification would seem
to imply that while Sarah has not lost
her taste for free advertisement she has
not entirely lost her common sense."
Notes of the Stage.
Hope Booth will play leading roles with
the extravaganza company to be located
at the Columbia Theater, Boston, next
season.
Marie Dressier has quit "The King's
Carnival" in a huff. A quarrel with an
other member of the company led to the
desertion.
When Stuart Robson revives "The Hen."
rletta" next season, Macklyn Arbuckle
will play the part originated by William
H. Crane.
All the Proctor theaters will return to
straight vaudeville next season, the exper
iment with stock companies having proved
a -failure.
Lady Frances Hope (May Tohe) and her
husband have become reconciled, and she
will join her husband In England at an
early date.
Russ Wythal, who for several seasons
starred in "For Fair Virginia," is the
latest engagement made for the Stuart
Robson company.
Charles Frohman will play the "Gay
Lord Quex" on the road next season with
an American company. The principal parts
have not yet been assigned.
Klrke La Shelle has signed Helen Lord
and Alene Crater for prominent roles in
the Frank Daniels comic opera company
next season, playing "Miss Simplicity."
Raymond Hitchcock is to have the lead
ing role in "King Dodo," replacing Wil
liam Norrls. Mr. Hltchock recently re
signed from the "Miss Bob White" com
pany. The Religion of the Boers.
Nineteenth Century.
When I was serving as acting chaplain
to tho forces in 1809 on Greneral French's
lines of communication at Rosmead Junc
tion, I was fold on excellent authority
that a colonial Boer farmer in the neigh
borhood had said that if the Boers did not
win he would burn his Bible and have no
more to do with God. I have since heard
the same sort of statements made In oth
er quarters, and although I have no means
of verifying them, I believe them to be
substantially true. A broken Calvlnlst
Is a desperate and illogical man. When
the logic of events caused the Scottish
Cameronians to despair of their position,
they actually intrigued with the Cheva
lier, a bigoted Roman "Catholic Prince, in
1708, against the Government of Queen
Anne. The end of the war will find the
mass of the ignorant Boers In a condition
of religious despair. All that they have
been taught to believe about themselves
as the elect people, all the promises of
God-given victory which Paul Kruger and
their ministers of religion have perpetu
ally set before them, will be to them as
the baseless fabric of a vision. They will
merit the compassion and pity of every
God-fearing man in our empire. Their
own ministers have, most of them, min
istered so fatally to their political delu
sions that they will be as sheep without
a shepherd. There are a few among them
who will give them wise counsel, such
as Mr. Du Plessis. There are some minis
ters, like the Rev. Andrew Murray, of
saintly life and wide spiritual power,
whose devotional works are read and val
ued In England. But the political trait is
the predominant characteristic of most of
them.
Lesnon Easiness Men Have Learned.
Philadelphia North American.
If we have learned one thing in the last
10 years it is that business and partisan
politics must be divorced. It is a hopeful
sign that the business men of the coun
try, and especially those of the Republi
can faith, have learned this lesson and are
prepared to apply It That they have the
courage and foresight to put themselves
on record so far in advance of the meet
ing of Congress encourages the belief that
their influence will not count for nothing
next Winter In Washington.
Sentiment for Tariff Reform.
Boston Herald.
The whole country, as far as the Demo
cratic portion of It is concerned, says that
a revision of the tariff In the line of mod
eration Is needed, and a large portion of
tho Republicans of the West have joined
with them, while presumably there are
not a few Republicans of the East, man
ufacturers Included, who are of the same
opinion.
Rejecting Proffered Free Trade.
Philadelphia Record.
Hero we have Cuba shaking her sugar
and fine tobacco and fragrant spices and
woods, and ores before our eyes and under
our noses, and we are forbidden by our
protectionist doctors to accept the bounty
which the fortune of war and diplomacy
have placed within our reach. How long
will the people of this country submit
to such deprivation for the emolument of
the trusts?
Dear Folded Hands.
Youth's Companion.
Dear, folded hands, so worn with care.
So quiet on the pulseless breast,
Will any burden need you there,
If heaven Is a place of rest?
And you, dear heart, will you forget
The struggles of these lower lands?
Or Is there some sweet service yet
For folded hands?
Yours was the never-ending task
Born ot a never-ending need.
Our selfishness. It was, to ask.
Your sweet unselfishness to heed.
And now In the unwonted rest.
Long promised in the better lands.
How can you sit an Idle guest
With folded hands?
No tfrars to dry, no wounds to bind,
No sufferer to tend and bless
Where will those eager fingers find
A need for all their tenderness?
Yet, knowing all they did before.
Perchance the Father understands,
And holds some precious work in storo
For folded handSt
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Satan might take a run up to Chicago
these days and get some pointers In mod
ern methods ot raising the temperature.
Now doth the gay mosquito
Whet up his pointed snout. ,
The woods will soon be full of
People camping out.
The heat that caused that Denver dyna
mite explosion was probably generated by
a spark from a pipe In the mouth of one
of the workmen.
Simple Simon went a-flshlng
With a rod and fly,
Rut all the good his friends e'er got
Was an inspired He.
The Evanston authorities who turned
the hose on a gathering of Dowleltes ad
ministered the kind of a baptism that the
sect is In need of.
Now doth tho little busy bee
Improve each shining minute
By bringing trouble- to an end
When other folks begin It.
"The blow that killed father," said the
farmer boy when he learned that the
old man had used his breath to extin
guish the gas in a city hotel.
By the time the Summer vacation girls
get through with the present stocks ot
books, Mr. Carnegie will have ample op
portunity to buy new libraries.
Then to side with truth Is noble
When we share her humble crust
But It's different when our shares are
In a money-coining trust
The Kaiser has ordered an Americas
schooner. This is only fair, as hundreds
of American sovereigns are ordering Ger
man schooners these warm days
It ought to make no difference to the
Summer girl whether or not a young man
wears a coat. Young men usually carry
their money in their trousers pockets.
A drummer who hailed from St. Louis
Was wrecked on a whistling bols,
And he sttld, "The salt sea
Docs not look good to mea.
And I'd hate to be Admiral Dots."
The correspondent who seeks to startla
an unsuspecting world by recording the
fact that the man who was shot in Mon
tana was Hltt will be doomed to disap
pointment. A New York man killed his wife be
cause she was late in getting dinner. Wo
do not like to be harsh, but we are of
the opinion that this man was perhaps a.
trifle unreasonable.
We've crossed the Western ocean
And taken In ltd Isles.
We've picked up Porto Rico.
Where the verdant palm tree smiles.
For other worlds to purchase
We turn as ono perplexed.
But we'll keep right on expanding
Till Albion Is 'nexed.
The following Is a copy of a warrant
issued by an Alabama justice of
the peace: "to any lawful officer of tho
State Complaint on oath having Bena
made before me that the offence of a
Busing E. J. Whelar By Coming in Hear
Hous Cursing Hear and threattlng to
Knoc her down & for her to sheat her
mouth & drawed Back his arm and Sead
he wold Knock hell out of her &. then
Jump on Chappel and got out Dors Dl3
appeared for one hour and Come Back
a glne & did Kick her Dor & Brock the
lock & Busted the Dore in too Places Sc
Sead if She did not open the dore he
wold Brake hit Down to any lawful offi
cer of the Slate you are Commanded to
Bring frank Steveans Before me this
Aprlal the 13. 1898. F. M. Price Justice
of the Peace."
A man who has been on a lecture tour
through the South tells this story on him
self: He was late In arriving in one of
the cities in which he was booked, and
had but half an hour to reach the hall
where he was to give his entertainment
He needed a shave almost as much as he
did his dinner, but he decided to cut out
the latter. The former he was obliged
to have. Going to his room, he rang for
a barber. A bright looking boy came in
and announced that he was the barber.
Mr. Bingham sat down on a chair and
told him. to go ahead.
"I beg your pardon, sir, but would you
mind lying down on the couch?"
"Why," asked the astonished lecturer.
"Well, sir, you see, I am generally sent
to shave the corpses, and I can shave a
man better when he Is lying down."
A Chicago shoe manufacturer who has;
risen from the bench and Is able to look
at the shoe business from the point of
view of the workman as well as that of
the employer and capitalist. Is going ta
found a town on the Susquehanna Rlver?
in which the cottages will be
sold to employes without restriction;
they will not be required to become tee
totalers or quit tobacco; there will be no
Sunday restrictions except those imposed,
by the general law, and the company wim
nnt control the stores, the franchises or
the privileges. Several millions are to
spent in opening streets, laying out pari
and so on, and it is Intended to provide
habitations for a population of from
to 3000. The scheme shines forth In the
programme with the lustre of the highest
grade of shoe polish, and may be as aucj
cessful as Its promoter hopes, though ea
periments of the kind, however liberal and
beneficent in Intention, do not always
turn out that way.
Dame Faaaloa'a Neir Decree.
James Barton Adams, in Denver Post
Again doth fashion's fickle queen astound us
with a new decree
That gives our buxom belles and dames a fit
ot deep anxiety.
That hustlss plumpness to the rear and honors
leanness with the crown
And gives the shorter build of girl a sudden,
cruel turning down!
Young dames of fashion, fat and f airland for
ty, if the truth were known.
Will look with enw on the ones who run to
cuticle and bone.
And little apple dumpling girls whom nature
chooses to endow
With flesh must wade out of the swim tho
slim girl is m fashion now.
Long-drawn-out angularity Is now the leading
beauty point.
And gowns are fashioned to expose the work
ings of 'most every Joint:
The neck must be of generous length, rise
swan-tike from Its shoulder deck
Be what the vulgar masses call In vulgar way
Vthe rubberneck."
The plump and creamy style of throat, the sort
us fellows yearn to kiss
When It supports the shapely head and sweat
face of a pretty miss.
Now gets the famous chicken stroke, and it
must make Us flnl bow
Until the cruel gash has healed the illra girl
Is the fashion now.
But such of us as have admired the trim and
natty style of gtrl.
The buxom lass who fills her gown, will never
hesitate to hurl
Defiance at the fashion queen and trample on
her fool decree.
And stick right to the plumpy lass with all
her adiposity.
Let those who pay their homage to the girls
of willowy design.
Those built to cling to manly oaks In nature
ot the clinging vine.
Stick to their tall and graceful dears, but
countless thousands yet will bow
To Idols of more solid build, though slim S.trt
are the fashion now