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TODAY'S WEATHER-Fair And warmer;
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TOUTLAXD, MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1901.
THE FARMER'S PROBLEM.
In some respects the development of
the Inland Empire by an all-water
trade route on the Columbia is analo-
gous to the opening of Western New
York by the Erie CanaL The rich
food-producing lands of Eastern Ore
gon and Washington and Idaho are
partly cut off from the Pacific Ocean
by the obstructions between The Dalles
and Celllo, Just as Western New York
was almost wholly cut off from the At
lantic seaboard. When the Erie Canal
was projected, the railroad was not
thought of, and the only possibility of
traffic, except the freight wagon, was
a canal. New York built the canal
to take the place of the lumbersome
wagons, and then the six-track rail
way to parallel and supplement the
canal and the Hudson estuary. We
built light steamboats and portages to
take the place of the freight wagon
of pioneer times; then the railroad to
supplement the light steamboat and
the portage. Now we are proposing
to supplement the ia!lroad by a re
vival of water navigation.
Trade routes follow the lines of least
resistance gravity. If It be obtainable;
if not, the minimum lift over grades.
The line of least resistance from the
food-producing fields of Eastern Ore
gon, Eastern Washington and Idaho
to the Pacific Ocean is the Columbia
Biver, "the one natural pass," as the
late Senator Dolph once expressed it,
in the 600 miles of mountain range run
ning through Oregon and Washington.
What would be results of the open
ing of the Columbia? Larger popula
tion In the interior country; increased
production, so that the ships coming
to the ports of the Northwest shall be
assured of full cargoes; increased con
sumption of commodities, so that ships
may cqme to our ports loaded, instead
of in ballast, as they now frequently
do. The completion of the Erie Canal,
says a writer in Gunton's Magazine,
"revolutionized the trade of the United
States." Prior to 1825 many, if not a
majority, of the vessels discharging at
the Atlantic seaboard returned in bal
last. The canal made an open door
between the East and the West, and
thereafter every vessel discharging at
New York was certain of a return
cargo. Our situation today is the re
verse of New York's seventy-five years
ago. New York then had the popu
lation to buy its imports, but the field
that produced the cargoes for export
was practically inaccessible. We are
able today to furnish the cargoes for
expprt, but have not the population
that would be large consumers of im
ports. The Erie Canal united the farm
and the shipping port for New York.
The Columbia River open would do
the same for the Northwest.
Who more than the producer is in
terested in the relection of the natural
trade route, the opening of the Co
lumbia to navigation? The Erie Canal
furnishes an object-lesson on this point.
Before the canal was dug, wheat was
quoted at $1 50 a bushel In New York,
and 50 cents a bushel at Buffalo. The
difference in price was the cost of trans
portation. When Ihe canal was built,
the freight coFt from Western New
York to New York City fell from $1
a bushel to 40 cents, and the farmer
got the other CO cents. So it will be
with the farmer of the Inland Empire
when the Columbia is an open river.
The river and harbor committee of
the House of Representatives, which
will visit the Northwest the latter part
of this month, will doubtless find some
who will declare that the opening of
the Columbia is a scheme for the bene
fit of Portland. But it is not. The
principal beneficiary will be the pro
ducer of the Pnlouse country, the Big
Bend, and of Jewiston. Walla Walla,
The Dalles, Pendleton and Yakima.
The opening of the Columbia will regu
late rates, not, affect cities. The rail
roads which lift their trains over the
Cascades to Puget Sound will get just
as much wheat as there is a market
for at Puget Sound, and which they are
willing to haul at the rate fixed by the
gravity system in Columbia Gap. If
the steamboat finds the wheat rate
from Lewlston to Portland 14 cents a
bushel, and lowers It to 7 cents, the
other 7 cents will go Into the pocket
of 'he, farmer. The' result makes no
difference to the . grain-exporter at
Portland, Seattle, or Tacoma. -Sentiment
does'cot enter Into his business.
He buys ott the basis of the export
value of the wheat at the point of
export. It is no essential difference
to him whether the price he pays the
farmer leaves a margin of profit or
causes loss, whether it puts the pro-
ducer "on velvet" or leaves-hlm to go
in debt for the Winter's food or the
next Spring's seed. The question is
therefore one of lessening cost of trans
portation to the farmer, or, to present
It in another view, one of increasing
the price which he receives for his
product
LABOR TS DANGER.
Success of recent, strikes in Portland
has put organized labor in grave dan
ger of excesses that would only recoil
upon its own head. Fortunately there
are here, as elsewhere, level-headed
leaders who can foresee evil as well as
work for the good; but unfortunately
there are here, as elsewhere, fellows
with hot and empty heads, who never
know when they are well off, and would
plunge workers Into a hopeless struggle
merely for the excitement of passing no
toriety for themselves. It will be well
for the worklngmen of Portland if they
,take counsel of reason and govern their
future course with prudence.
The brewers, leather-workers and bar
bers have won their strikes. They
have done this because their leaders
had discretion, because the press and
public sympathized with their causes,
ahd chiefly because their demands rest
ed on some basis of reason. If these
elements had been lacking, the result
would have been disaster and defeat,
and indirectly a damaging influence
upon the cause- of labor. The. rise of
capital's trusts has Inclined the RUbllc
favorably to labor's trusts, but it has
not blotted out a sense of fair play
which will descend pitilessly upon any
strike undertaken upon inadequate
grounds. All the ground gained by re
cent successes could be swept away in
an hour by an unjustifiable strike.
Throughout the country appear many
warnings along these lines. The tun
nel strike in New York City failed be
cause Its promoters had acted palpably
in bad faith. The workmen broke an
agreement with their employers.
Equally bad for labor is the National
Cash Register 6trlke at Dayton, O.
The company has cordially recognized
the union, has spent thousands of dol
lars yearly to better the condition of
Its employes, and has given men ten
hours' pay for nine and a half hours'
work, and women ten hours' pay for
eight hours' work, but it has commit
ted the unpardonable sin of discharg
ing three or four men for Incompetency,
and one for improper conduct and in
decent language.. As a result, the em
ployes have struck, and have lost $120,
000 In wages since May 3. The com
pany offered to arbitrate the question
of the discharges, but the union re
fused. Such gross mishandling of the
"cause of labor" by the union must in
evitably lead people to question both
the sanity and honesty of the organ
ization. Here In Portland the machinists have
made a most unjust demand for In
creases that would put our local plants
at grievous disadvantage with Eastern
competitors. It is admitted that a good
man will do as much work in nine
hours as in ten, perhaps more. But
foundries cannot pay more per hour
here than at the East. Leaders of the
machinist organizations should have
seen this at the first Another danger
is with the street-car men. They have
the right to organize, and in that right
public sentiment will sustain them.
But public sentiment will also take
into account that the companies are ap
parently paying all they can; that they
have liberally increased wages upon
their own instance; that their earn
ings are spent In betterments and ex
tensions without sensible profit oh the
Investment, and that there is absolute
ly no possible way in which an increase
of wages can be recouped from the pa
trons of the road as the ordinary manu
facturing or mercantile business can
recoup from the consumer.
Labor's worst enemy, now as always,
is labor. The rise of prudent fellows
like Mitchell of the Mineworkers has
earned for organized labor a standing
in public opinion Impossible of attain
ment under unreasonable agitators.
From this, as from their old failures
under ill-advised strikes, the world of
organized labor should learn discretion
Loss of all they have gained will be our
workingmen's misfortune if they fail
to profit by the lessons " recently put
before them. In reason is strength, but
in recklessness is most disastrous weak
ness. THE OUTLOOK FOR WHEAT.
The Government crop report, due to
day, should have much greater value
as a factor in the wheat market than
any that has yet appeared on the crop
now growing. The season has reached
a point where the crop Is practically
"made" in some of the southern dis
tricts, and, with the exception of Spring
wheat, a reasonably accurate estimate
ought to be obtainable for a large por
tion of the Winter-wheat area. News
reports received through the month of
May would Indicate that today's re
port will show a very high condition
for the wheat crop. The damage thus
far has been very slight, weather con
ditions being excellent, and but little
complaint of insects. Basing their es
timates on a big acreage and a con
tinuation of present fine crop condi
tions, experts have figured out a pros
pective crop of anywhere from 700,000,
000 to 800,000.000 bushels in this coun
try. Of course, this is too much of a
record-breaker to be carried through
to harvest, and anything above 600,000,
000 bushels of actual wheat Will sat
isfy the expectations of the conserva
tive element of the trade.
A record-breaking crop usually means
very low prices lor the cereal in this
country, but fortunately conditions this
year are more in favor of at least fair
prices than they are of low prices.
The American "visible," which held up
to 47,000.000 bushels as late in the sea
son as July 1 last year, has already de
clined to 37,000,000 bushels, with a
strong probability that today's state
ment will place it at 35,000.000 bushels
or less. It will be at least six weeks
before the arrivals of new Winter
wheat will be sufficiently large to
check the decline in the visible, and
if the foreign demand continues, the
country will be fairly well shipped out
before receipts of new wheat begin to
have a bearing on the statistical posi
tion. The Argentine, which last year
had shipped over 65,000,000 bushels to
June 1, has sent out but 35,000,000 bush
els for the same period this year, and,
With the exception of America, the only
quarter from which this shortage Is
making up is from Russia and Aus
tralia. The shipments of Russia to
June 1 are about 16,000,000 bushels
greater than for the same period a
year ago. and Australia's shipments are
about 6,000.000 bushels greater, making
a total of 22.000,000 bushels as a stand
off for the Argentine's loss of 30,000,000
bushels. The German crop is not in
very good shape, and some fears are
expressed for the French crop, but nei
ther of these countries has yet been
seriously affected, although Germany
is Importing some American wheat.
It la thus apparent that the foreign
situation is such that a big Ameriqari
prop could be marketed without much,
if any, sacrifice of present prices. The
size of. the crop, providing present con
ditions continue until after harvest, will
undoubtedly prevent any material ad
vance over present prices, but it wilt
be remembered that the crop was cut
down about 70,000,000 bushels in June,
1900. by drought through the Middle
West and Northwest, and there was an
attendant rise oi nearly 20 cents per
bushel in the face of highly favorable
conditions in other parts of the world.
This would seem to Indicate that the
market for the next thirty days will
be largely a "weather market," and,
whatever changes occur in prices will
be due. not to the varying proportions
of the stocks on hand, visible and In
visible, but to the size of the crop now
coming on.
NO
CHANGE OP HEART IN CHINA.
. It Is a remarkable fact that the three
foreigners who know the most about
the real public sentiment of the Chi
nese people do not consider that the
present settlement with China fur
nishes any solid hope of peace of long
continuance. Chester Holcombe, for
many years Interpreter and secretary of
the United States Legation in Pekin,
says In his book, "The Real Chinese
Question," that the present crisis is
the direct result of foreign aggression
upon the Chinese Empire and Chinese
institutions; that the Chinese fear and
detest foreigners, because the foreign
ers, In their opinion, want to exploit
and appropriate their country; that the
Boxer uprising was essentially a pa
triotic movement to save the country
from Its enemies. The fury of the up
rising, says Mr. Holcombe, was due
,to the fact that it represented the re
strained wrath of sixty years; that the
missionaries are hated and assailed, not
as missionaries, but as foreigners, whHe
the native Christians are attacked be
cause they are charged with having
become foreigners, Mr. Holcombe be
lieves that the partition of China could
not take place with any hope of suc
cess. The Chinese are the most ho
mogeneous people on earth, and the
wnoie empire is too compact and uni
fied to be divided. China should be
kept Intact, leaving her people to work
out their own destiny in their own way.
There will be political and social reform
in Chinese Civilization whenever the lit
erati give their approval of the new
order and of progress. This is the view
of an American of high Intelligence,
who knows the Chinese character by
many years of close contact at Pekin
and is master of the Chinese language.
Sir Robert Hart, for nearly forty
years Commissioner of Customs In
China, does not believe the present
settlement a successful solution of the
trouble. The proposed fortified lega
tion quarter is a very injudicious move,
because the Chinese will be able to
capture It when they wish, and be
cause a legation is in theory sacred
ground, and the Chinese should be
made to understand that it must be
so In practice. The powers, Sir Robert
holds, should throw the onus of pro
tection of the legations on the Chi
nese Government, and take measures
to see that they do protect them: No
serious political -(dealings ban be held
with a country that cannot be trusted
to protect the legations. The pres
ence of a fortified stronghold in Pekin
will make the relations between the
White man and the Chinaman mor6
strained and unsatisfactory than ever.
Sir Robert Hart concludes by saying
that "we may thank heaven the China
man was not a soldier when the re
cent outbreak took place, and we may
thank heaven that it will be some time
before he becomes one, for on the next
occasion when he attacks the lega
tions he will succeed. Our endeavor
must be, if we wish to have people
live in China, to put Chinamen in the
way of understanding and appreciat
ing the foreigner before they become
strong enough to crush him." This Is
the view of a highly intelligent Eng
lishman who knows China by long resi
dence, and it Is not more hopeful of
speedy change of the Chinese heart
than that of Mr. Holcombe.
Prince Krapotkln, who as an officer
of the Russian Army traversed Man
churia In 1864, fully grants today the
possibility of a militarily reformed
China rushing some day with Its mill
ions of men against the civilization of
the West, and his outlook for peace in
the future Is not more sanguine than
that of Mr. Holcombe and Sir Robert
Hart. The wisest course probably
would be to confine all Intercourse with
China to trade, and to serve warning
on all missionaries and all other for
eigners that If they choose to reside
in China outside the treaty ports they
will do so at their own risk. It is utter"
folly to risk embroilment with China
and the destruction or paralysis of
valuable trade by agreeing to protect
missionaries or any other class of for
eigners who persist in trying to live
where they not only know they are not
wanted, but know they are bitterly
hated by an ignorant and superstitious
people.
M. Rostand's entrance into immortal
ity, so far as that Invaluable state can
be conferred by the French Academy,
was by the skin' of his teeth, but it
served. The distinction is all the more
noteworthy because the academy looks
with disfavor on the unwrinkled brow
of youth, and the young poet's achieve
ments barely outweighed his lack of
years. He has, however, attained a
goal which many an older and perhaps
greater man has striven for in vain,
and in doing so he has centered upon
himself a world-wide attention Which
the two plays on which his fame is
founded, "Cyrano de Bergerac" and
"L'Aiglon," could never have attracted.
There can be no doubt that Rostand
owes much tb Bernhardt, and that
without the deep interest in his work
and constant encouragement of the
great actress he would not now be num
bered with the immortals of France.
Not only has Bernhardt's art made the
world acquainted with the work of thei
playwright, but her kindly criticism
has Inspired him to a faith In himself
sufficient to enable him to move moun
tains, and when the people of France
shout "Great Is Rostand!" they must
add, "And Bernhardt Is his prophetess."
Without help from Immigration, and
in spite of some emigration, England
and Wales gained 12.15 per cent In
population in the past ten years. This
is slightly larger than the Increase of
the previous ten years, and comnares
favorably withthe growth of population
in liermany, wnose ratio Is not far dif
ferent, and with .the United States,
making allowance for the additions to
American population effected by immi
gration. From the point of view of so
ciology, the interesting thing i that
countries Ilka Ehgland and Germany,
where there is limited apace for the
expansion of population, can In
crease their number of inhabitants
with a general Increase of prosperity
not that of the employing class, but
of all (he people. There are abundant
indications In both countries that the
laborer Is1 not being "exploited," but la
sharing appreciably In the general ad
vance of prosperity. The increase of
small income taxpayers and of savings
banks accounts are some of these indi
cations. German emigration has fallen
off lately on account of the better op
portunities at home, and the quantity
and quality ot the food consumed has
improved. In this country, Germany
and France there has been a very
marked movement of population from
the country to the cities, but the fact
that forty-eight English counties show
increases and fourteen show decreases
suggests that the rural counties are
probably holding their own better In
England. v
A mart lo never a hero to his type
writer, and it would appear that a
clergyman Is not always a prophet to
his wife. Judging from the controversy
which has recently rent the household
establishment at the Rev. Charles M.
Sheldon, of Topeka, Kan. Mr. Shel
don, as Is well known, is th'e author
of a book called "In His Steps," in
which he lays down the theory that
Christians should act in every-day life
as Jesus would do were he placed in
similar circumstances. Among other
rules of conduct which the author be
lieves would be adopted by the lowly
Nazarene ib the treatment of the ser
vant girl as an absolute equal; It hap
pened that the young lady employed as
a domestic In the Sheldon domicile rend
and became enamored of her employer's
work, but when she attempted "to ap
ply the theory which most deeplycon
cerned her she met with an unexpected
rebuff from her mistress. Mrs. Shel
don has old-fashioned notions of house
keeping, and she declined to allow the
girl to eat at the same table with the
family, to spend her evenings In the
front parlor, or to receive her "com
pany" outside of the kitchen. The' girl
quoted the Rev. Mr. SheldOn, but to no
purpose. Mrs. Sheldon Is willing that
her husband shalT thedf fzb but she re
serves the right to practice, and there
the matter stands. From which it
would appear that Mr. Sheldon's book
Is no more practical In this particular
than It Is In others.
The Prohibitionists of Ohio at their
recent state convention adopted a plat-
iorm witnout a woman suffrage plank.
Thirty years ago the Prohibition party
had Its largest following in Ohio, and
the original "blue ribbon crusade"
originated in that state. Prior to 1882
there was limited restriction of liquor
selling In Ohio. From 1882 to 1886 the
woman suffragists of Ohio made com
mon cause with the Prohibitionists,
supporting their candidates. In 1886
the Dow law, the present liquor stat
ute of Ohio, upon which the Raines
liquor law of New York is based, was
adopted. About this time the suffra
gists began to grow cool toward the
cause of prohibition. In the Prohibition
National Convention of 1896 the plat
form Included a woman suffrage plank.
In the Prohibition National Convention
of 1900 the indorsement of. woman suf
frage was omitted from the platform,
but a resolution favoring it was: adopted
in the convention. The Ohio Prohibition
ists have now formally discarded woman
suffrage as a party principle. In Colo
rado, where woman suffrage exists,
there are very few Prohibitionists,
and in Wyoming there were none
at the last Presidential election. Pro
hibition has gained nothing in the four
states that have adopted woman suf
frage by the change, and In none of
the states in which prohibition Is upon
the statute-book has woman suffrage
been established.
The woman suffragists at Minneap
olis adopted a set of resolutions earn
estly protesting against "Introduction
of the European system of state-regulated
vice in the new possessions of
the United States." The woman suf
fragists do not appear to know that in
all war3, where large bodies of sol
diers are quartered in or near a large
city, medical examination of houses of
ill repute by the military authorities
has always been enforced. It was en
forced by Major-General Rosecrarts
when he was camped with an army of
over 50,000 men near Nashville, Tenn.,
fromNovemb'cr, 1862, to July, 1863, with
excellent results; It is enforced in all
the great cities of India for the pro
tection of the British troops. It Is a
necessary measure for the protection of
the health of an army that Is justified
by common sense. As a military meas
ure It can be enforced, and it has al
ways been of the greatest value, and it
is not discredited by the practice or
experience of any government on earth.
The criticism passed upon General Mac
Arthur for his action In defending such
polity Is born out of gross Ignorance
and rahcid sentlmentallsm. The care
of the public health of an army cannot
be neglected upon "moral grounds"
without a violation of common sense.
England seemB to take the Derby and
Oaks defeats more seriously to heart
than the passage of the Iron ascend
ency or the financial yictories of Mr. J.
P. Morgan. The sporting blood Is
string; In old J. Bull. Why shouldn't
we Inherit it? He must not act the
part of these women who kill their at
tractive daughters or shut them up In
dungeons. Nor does he; for with all
the regret there Is a note of pride.
American ascendency bodes far more
good to Britain than ill.
We- are appropriately shocked to
learn that Chinese girls are sold to the
highest bidder. This we suffer, in mo
imentary oblivion of our heiresses sold
to European roues. Do the costly
wives of rich Mandarins get any worse
treatment than the Castellane and
Manchester girls?
Stories of German designs in Brazil
are discredited, as they deserve to be.
There Is no more reason for fearing
German sovereignty in South America
than in North America. When the Ger
man leaves Germany, he leaves his
fealty lo tte Ksiser behind hln.
Mr. Lawson seems, to be unreason
ably captious with the New York Yacht
Club. Its rules were not made In his
disparagement, and he has no right to
treat them as so intended. If he does
not wish to conform to them, there Is
no complaint to make.
TARIFF FOR PHILIPPINES.
New York Journal of Commerce.
WASHINGTON, June 2.-iAeUve work Is
being done at the War Department upon
the scheduler of the proposed Philippine
tariff, with a view" to its promulgation
at as early a date a possible. The time
required for communication with Manila
Is bo great, however, that some difficulty
may be Nexperlenced in putting the new
schedules In force as soon as is thought
desirable. There is little probability that
the tariff can be completed until further
communication with the Philippine Com
mission, which will require until the mid
dle of July, Some time wit! be allowed to
elapse1 between its completion and the
date of taking effect, but It has not yet
been determined what this Interval shall
be. The Chambers of Commerce at Manila
have asked that the interval be as long
as four to six months, but President Mc
Klnley believes this might result in ex
cessive Importations of those articles upon
which duties are Increased in the new
tariff and the Holding back of importations
In those articles where duties are reduced.
So long a time la required to fill an order
from Manila for goods, even if the order
goes by cable, that not leas than two
months will probably be allowed from the
promulgation to the enforcement of the
new schedules. It is also probable that
some provision will be made hy which
goods on the ocean when the new tariff
takes effect shall bo admitted at the most
favorable rates of duty. These matters
have not been fully determined yet by the
War Department, but arc under consider
ation. The schedules of rates submitted by the
commission at Manila are being gone ovdr
with a good deal of care and some rather
Important changes are likely to be made.
The policy of the Commission 1ft adopting
specific duties wherever possible has the
general approval of the War Department,
but it Is believed that this principal has
been carried a little too far for the inter
ests of the revenue and for equality of
treatment among exporters and "importers.
The method of remedying thla inequality,
which will probably be adopted hvmnny
cases, will not be the abolition of the
specific duties, but the addition of a clause
to certain paragraphs providing that the
duties shall not be less than the equiva
lent of a specified ad valorem rote. Upon
articles of the greatest necessity the ad
valorem limit will be fixed no higher than
15 per cent, but upon articles approaching
more the nature of luxuries limits of 20,
25 and 30 per cent are llkefy to be fixed.
In a very few cases like the finest grades
of decorated china and fancy glasswar?
the rates may rise towards CO per cent.
The limit of 15 per cent will apply to a
great variety of articles' under the metal
schedule, which it was found Impossible
to distribute equitably under specific du
ties. Tools and Implements, cutlery,
neeales, pens, miscellaneous" manu'actures
of iron and steel and of zinc, copper and
nickel will be required to pay duties of
not less than 15 per cent. In all these
cases the specific duty will be collected
whether it amounts to 15 per cent or more,
but where It falls below 15 per cent ad
valorem an estimate of the value of the
article will be made and the amount ot
duty raised to 15 per cent ad valorem.
Plate glass and mirrors will be required
to pay not less than 20 per cent, while
the limit In the case of cut glass, watch
glasses and similar fine products will be
fixed at not lees than 30 per cent. It is
probable that the rates on precious stones
will be fixed at 15 per cent. In order to
obviate the temptation, to smuggling. The
rate on nickel will probably be made high
er than in the provisional tariff prepared
at Manila.
The principle of low duties upon neces
saries and high duties upon luxuries was
declared by the Philippine Commission to
be their governing ru!e In framing the
provisional tariff. This principal Is being
followed at the War Department, and it
Is believed that the amendments made
will bring the final draft more nearly Into
conrormity with these principles than the
draft received from Manila. The tex
tile schedules have not yet been thorough
ly canvassed, but suggestions are being
sought from experts In New York and
elsewhere, and a report upon the efTect
of the Cuban tariff has been asked from
Colonel Bliss, the military collector at
Havana. The rates upon paper will prob
ably be adjusted so that news paper will
pay a considerably lower rate than book
paper, and both will pay lower rates
than was proposed by the Philippine
Commission. Secretary Root and Colonel
Edwards, Chief of the Insular Division,
are both desirous of promoting the spread
of education In the Philippines, and be
lieve this will bo done in part by low
duties upon the raw materials of print
ing and publishing. A duty will be re
tained upon printed books of certain
classes, but there is talk of enlarging the
concession upon books on the free list, so
that all books on philosophical, scientific
and economic subjects will be admitted
fee of duty for all importers. The pro
vision made by the provisional tariff sim
ply exempts from duty philosophical and
scelentliic books when specially imported
for the use of societies and institutions.
There is a strong feeling at the War De
partment that this might as well be ex
tended to all persons who desire to use
books for serious purposes, but that soma
revenue might properly be derived from
books imported merely for amusement.
The date for receiving suggestions' regard
ing the proposed Philippines tariff was
Originally fixed at April 15, but any sug
gestions which are pertinent are likely to
receive consideration If they reach the
War Department within the next two or
three weeks.
Dr. Seaman on the Canteen.
Chicago Tribune.
A few days ago a paper of more than
usual Interest was read before the Asso
ciation of Military Surgeons at St. Paul by
Dr. L. L. Seaman, who served as a surgeon
with the volunteer troops In Cuba. Porto
Rico, the Philippines, and China. Dr. Sea
man condemns Unqualifiedly the act of
Congress abolishing- the Army canteen. He
says the enemies of the canteen seem lo
have forgotten that when men accus
tomed to the uee of stimulants are de
prived of them in one way they will resort
to other methods to obtain them. Less
than 6 per cent of the soldiers are total
abstainers. The habits of the men In the
majority of cases were formed before they
joined the Army. They are not prisoners,
but are well-paid men. with freedom on
pass days to go where they will and spend
their money as they choose. While the
canteen existed most of them were con
tent with the comparatively harmless
atlmulanta served there. Dr. Seaman con
tinues: When the soldier canhot dbtaln a glass of
beer or light wine at the post exchange In
camp, the first place he generally strikes for
when on pass is the nearest saloon, where. In
Porto Rico, he Is served with rtitn loaded with
fusel oil; at home, vile, doctored whisky: In
the Philippines, vino, a Sort of wood alcohol,
distilled from the nlpa leaf: or In China, the
samshu, ft product 6t flee all rank poloohs,
one or two drinks of which "steal away his
brains." Then follow excesses, to which, In
hla sober moments, he would be the last to
descend, Insubordination, drunkenness, debauch
ery or deeertlon.
The records of the Twelfth United States
Infantry during Its stay In the Philippines
furnish an instructive example on this
point. When the regiment was first sta
tioned at Paniqul It had no post can
teen, and there were between 70 and 90
trials by court-martial each month. Four
fifths of the cases were "intoxication
from native vino." A post exchange was
established in March, 1S00, and from that
time until February, 1901, there were never
more than 20 trials in any month, and
in one month the number was reduced to
8. The record shows no more than two
cases of "vino intoxication" In one month.
With the canteen they drank less and
remained sober and contented.
After having listened to and discussed
Dr. Seaman's paper the Army surgeons
unanimously adopted a resolution deplor
ing the abolition of the canteen. Perhaps
they know more about the merits of this
question than people who have never seen
a canteen and have not lived with soldiers
AMUSEMENTS.
"Ten Nights in a Bar Room," carrie
natlonallzed, but with the blue snakes,
the solemn warnings against the demon
rum, the smooth gambler and the slap
stick comedians that won it lasting fame
In earlier days, reappeared in Portland at
Cordray'g Theater last night, and a crowd
that filled the theater stood for the
comedians with a patience that would do
credit to Job, and wept salt tears when
little Mary breathed her little life away
on a property cot.
There are five acts of the play, and so
deeply did the moral losson It Imparts
alnk in the hearts of the male portion
of the audience that they swarmed out
after every act, presumably to put down
the rum, which appears to be the prin
cipal Intoxicant in the village of Ce
darvllle, the scene of the play.
In the third act, when the propensity
of most ot the inhabitants of the village
to look not wisely but too often on this
insidious beverage had put the town pret
ty much to the bad, Mrs. Nation sallied
forth at the head of a bevy of fair young
hatchet-wlelders, and with a few appro
priate remarks went Into the barroom and
kept the stage hands busy working the
glass-smashing machine for full five min
utes. This piece of Kansas heroism had the
effect of working an immediate reforma
tion, but It was, alas, too late to save the
life Of little Maiy, the drunkard's daugh
ter, who. after giving her parent a tip to
cut out the rum In the future, passed
peacefully away, while the scalding tears
coursed silently down the cheeks of strong
men.
The actor In the comppny id James
M. ward, who has several speeches that
require much ability to get through with
out making himself ridiculous, and who
really dees a vory good piece of work
with the part, barring his interview with
the snakes, which he makes a little too
realistic. The dread mental disease,
known variously as Jlm-Jams and D. T.'s.
Is a fair target for humorous newspaper
paragraphs, but in real life or on the
stago It is not a pleasant thing to view,
The rest of tho company consists ch'ellv
of comedians who do such excruciating
ly funny things as fall off chairs or dance
on one leg, and who seem to enjoy "it.
In Justice to them It must be admitted
that they evoked considerable applause.
There is also the "Father, Dear Father"
song, which little Mary, with a mar
velous fluency, composes on the spot and
sings to her esteemed sire, who Is tarry
ing by the festal bar nt the unseemly
hour of 4 A. M. In this connection it
may be noted that the denizens of Cednr
vllle are either early risers or late stay
ore, for all of them, men, women and
children, find occa&ion to be In that bar
room In the neighborhood of 4 In the
morning.
"Ten Nights In a Bar Room" wl'.l be re
peated tonight. "Through "by Daylight"
will succeed It.
IT WILL XOT DOWN.
"Plain Duty" Remain Jast Where
It Wa Before.
Chicago -Inter Ocean, (Rep.). .
Another stage of the Porto Rico tariff
dlscuslon is about to close.
As the decision of tho Supreme Court
now stands, Congreos has full power
In matters of Porto Rico legislation.
However, the decision of the Court does
not necessarily Impair the validity of
the policy declared by President McKIn
ley In his message of December 5, 1S99.
There was at that time no constitu
tional question Involved. No one had
raised the lwc whether the Constitu
tion followed the Hag or not. The Presi
dent declared that It was "our plain
duty to abolish all customs tariffs be
tween the United States and Porto Rico,
and give her products free access to our
markets."
There was no intrusion of the consti
tutional question by the President or by
tho Republican leaders In Congress. It
was a question of policy and duty. No
one doubted the power of Congress to
legislate as the Prosldent recommended.
No one doubts that power now.
After all has been paid and done, the
people are today face to face with the
same issue as In 1890 and 1900. The tariff
clause of the Foralter bill expires In less
than a year, and then the question
whether Porto Rico shall have free trade
with the United States or be subject to
a new tariff will have to passed upon.
Then the Republican party will still be
duty bound to stand where It stood at
the outsetbefore the sugar lobby ap
peared on the scene and raised the con
stitutional hubbub to cover an act of bad
faith.
Free trade with Porto Rico Is tlll a
question of justice and plain duty. If
the Constitution extends our customs laws
to the new territory, free trade was and
Is Porto Rico's organic right. If the rev.
enue clause of the Constitution did not ex
tend to the Island, then Congress had and
has the power to enact a law including
Porto Rico in our customs system.
This was the original position of the
Republican party. It was absolutely un
available then. It Is absolutely unassail
able today. It will be absolutely unassull.
able next Winter, when the Porto Rico
tariff will again be the question of the
hour.
-
MR. BRYAN'S RESPONSIBILITY.
The Position In Which He Has
Placed the Democratic Party.
Chicago Chronicle, Dem.
Mr. Bryan's comments on the Supreme
Court "Insuiar" decision are, in tho lan
guage of a dispatch, "more vigorous than
Is customary even with him." He says
that the President has "joined hands with
the Supreme Court to change the form of
our Government" and that a "5 to 4 deci
sion declared McKlnley Emperor of Porto
Rico." Mr, McXlnlcy "gratefully ac
cepted the title conferred upon him by
tho highest Judicial tribunal In the land."
Whether this Is truo and reasonable or
untrue and unreasonable, Mr. Bryan is
mainly responsible for the condition of
affairs which he describes. He disrupted
the Democratic party In 1S96 by forcing
on the Chicago convention ah undemo
cratic, unsound, popullatlc platform on
which he stood as a Presidential candidate,
and -was repudiated with his platform by
a million of the best Democratic voters in
the country. In 1900 he forced on the un
willing and recalcitrant Democratic vo
ters the same platform and himself again
as a candidate. With any other candi
date, and with a constitutional Democratic
platform, McKlnley would not have been
re-elected In 1900.
For all the present evils of the country
which he describes, Mr. Bryan, with the
violent, undemocratic, unpatriotic, unnat
ural, absurd popullstlo fusion which he
twice represented as a Presidential candi
date, la to the amplest extent individually
responsible.
Home Market Is Discarded.
Omaha World-Herald.
What has become of the "home market"
theory? A few years ago we heard noth
ing from the G. O. P. spellbinders but
frantic nppcnl3 to save the home market
from the despoiling hand of foreigners.
"Give us the home market and we care
nothing for the world!'.' shrieked the G.
O. P. spellbinder. We hear nothing of the
home market now. It Is all about the
"world's markets." The protected InfanU
keep up a perpetual cry for protection
against forelsrn competition, except now
and then when they boast about ther
competition with foreigners. Protection
logic to suffering from curvature of the
spine.
First Principles.
New York Mall and Express.
As the divine command to labor Im
plies the right to labor, the New Jersey
court makes no startlngly new decision In
Its dictum that strikers must not interfere
with those who prefer to work. l would
seem that first principles need patient and
endless repetition In labor troubles.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Manager Bowers has again begun to ser
enade the floating population.
If we keep on having this kind of base
ball there will be an epidemic of heart
disease.
Yesterday's sample of June weather wua
entirely satisfactory. We shall place a
large order.
It is very apparent that Hon. "Wu Ting
Fang is In training for a place In the
Hall of Fame.
It Is surprising that a man of J. P. Mor
gan's business acumen never Invested in
seaside hotels.
The New York Yacht Club evidently
picked up some pointers on ethics from
Lord Dunraven.
About the only way Mr. Lawson can get
that cup Is to wait till LIpton lifts It, and
then lift It back again.
People who think money and secrets are
hard to keep ought to have a little expe
rience with servant girls. tf
It is about time 'the British General in
South Africa ere selecting the citlos in
which they intend to cat their Christmas
dinners.
At the dedicatory exercises of the Hall
of Fame. Minister Wu, In hl3 tribute to
Grant, said: "I remember well the first
time I met General Grant. It was at
Hong Kong. While he received his vis
itors he kept a lighted cigar In his mouth.
I have been told that he was Inseparable
from that cigar through life. Whnt an
important pari the fragrant Havana plnys
In the world of affairs! Iirmgine what a
clear mind it gave the great so'dicr In
planning his campaigns and In ordering
his victories, and whnt a mental cn'.m
and equipoise It enabled him to maintain
In the confusion and excitement of but
tle." "The circus business Is not todav what
It was 20 years ago," remarked Mr. Sam-'
uel H. Downes, of Philadelphia, in an In
terview, the other day. Mr. Downea Is
now a thrifty dry goods merchant, but a
quarter of a century ago he was a we 1
known and popular clown. "Young Amer
ica has grown to be far too critical and
precoclou.s and the young men and women
too much up-fo-date. Then the comic
newspapers have cut serious Inroads In
the clown's preserves. It must take lots
of mental effort nowadays for a clown to
keep his jokes from growing stale. Why,
when I was In the business I had Jokes I
used In every town we visited for years
and years, and they never lost their ef
fectiveness. I don't suppose a clown to
day would dare spring a Joke that was
old enough to know Its father. It might
go In rural communities, but It takes a.
pretty enterprising clown to pass muster
with kids who live in cities, and when a
clown can no longer please the children,
his days of usefulness, of course, aro
over."
"-peaking of tattooing," said a member
of half a dozen New York clubs, "It Is
possible that you do not know the number
of well-known men In New York who are
Indelibly marked with pigments In one V
slgn or another. And don't forget that
not a few fashionable women have sub
mitted to the Tahltan process. Wherever
men of good social standing have frivolous
fads you will find a handful of gushing
women striving to ape them. I speak of
actual visual knowledge concerning . the
men. because I have been In the Turkish
baths with hundreds whose bodies bear
the masks of the needle. As for the
women well, their husbands and brothers
sometimes give family secrets away, you
know. Not long ago society came near
being treated to a divorce scandal because
a young husband accidentally discovered
that his bride had been tattooed. Let's
get up a tattoo show; entrance fee, J5;
prize for the finest puncture, design to
count 60 point, colors 40, 5100 In gold; dain
tiest puncture on arm, $50; most fetching
puncture, $130, etc. We'll have a crowd."
Prosperity or Brynnlsm?
New York Times.
The keynote of Senator McLaurln's ap
peal to the people of his state Is that he
has followed the course and voted for
the measures which In his Judgment
would bring most dollars to South Caro
lina and in the largest degree promote
the welfare of Its citizens. If Senator
Tillman can be Induced to echo the views
of Mr. Bryan and admit that he is op
posed to the dollar for the reason that
prosperity and what now passes for
Democracy are inconsistent, the lines will
be drawn where they should be, and tho
people of South Carolina will be 'called
upon to decide whether they prefer pros
perity or Bryanlsm.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAOnAPHKIlS
Friend Tour two soprarfoa'ijSpear to be very
good friends. Manager Yes; 'each thinks
the other can't sins- Tit-Bits.
An Echo of May "Weather. "I'm afraid we
will have to censure our new buyer." "What's
the trouble with him?" "He let the stock of
Winter flannels get too lew." Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
Pleasant for Blobbs. Blobbs Say, old man.
come down to my house this evening. We're
coins to have a little whist party. Glubbs
All richt, I'll come. You .can coax me to so
anywhere to play whut. Chicago Tribune.
At the Matinee. "Madame, why do you wake
that poor ;tttle girl up all the time?" "Be
cause I paid 25 cents for her ticket; and I'm
not going to waste money by letting her sleep
through the whole thing." Chicago Record
Herald. Boom for Speculation. She You must have
met Miss Sharp, haven't you? He Yes; I
"have met her. She I thought so. She didn't
mention any nameB, and she wouldn't let me
repeat what she said, but I thought she meant
you! Puck.
A Doubtful Remark. The hostess You must
be prepared to take pot-luck. Captain, as. our
cook being 111, I saw to the dinner myself.
The guest Don't mention It. Four years' cam
paigning has accustomed me to the very worst.
Brooklyn Life.
Didn't Want Knowledge. A gentleman one
day saw a boy peeling bark from one ot hU
choice trees with a hatchet. The gentleman
tried to catch the boy, but the latter was loo
quick for him, so the farmer changed hU
titles. "Come here, my little son," he said.
In soft, flute-like voice, with counterfeited
friendliness, "come here to me a minute. I
want to tell you something." "Not yet," re
plied the recipient. "Little boys like me don't
nce"d to know everything." Glasgow Evening
Times.
pnly That You're Away.
Atlanta Constitution.
I.
It Isn't the fall of the lonesome rain
Down the dim and desolate day,
That makes the heart and the lips complain
I say, it Isn't the fall o tho rain;
t It Is only that you're away!
II.
It Is not that I miss from the hill and the
plain '
One blossom one sun-sweet ray
That I shiver and sigh like a soul In pain-
Lost to a heaven- It never can gain;
It is only that you're away!
III.
The rose In the garden's a crimson stain
On the somber breast o' the day;
The Illy is eager the drops to drain;
Oh, the eadness Is not In the fall o' the rain-
It s only that you're away!