G
THE MORNING OREGjONIAN, FRIDAY. JUNE 7, lUl.
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PORTLAND, FRIDAY, JVSE 7, lOOl.
THINGS IX CONTRAST.
This statement from Eugene, the seat
df the TJnlv-erstty.tpf Oregon, appeared
In The Oregonian.-yesterday:
John A.jYah Gross? a student of the gradu
ate school of the University of Oregon, has been
awarded a scholarship at Tale University for
3001-02. Mr Tan Gross is a graduate of the
State Agricultural College, and has done special
work In the University of California. His ma
jor subject"" lsSmathematics. He entered the
University of Oregon last September, and his
many friends here are jubilant oer his suc
cess. Thla makes the second University of
Oregon etudent who has received an Eastern
scholarship this year, 'the other being Claude
R. Fountain. '01, who goes to Columbia Uni
versity In the Fall.
"We have here a statement which ap
pears to The Oregonlan to afford
proper opportunity for a remark. We
shall say therefore that we think this
excellence surpasses achievement in
athletics, whether In rowing or at foot
ball; and, moreover, that It surpasses
achievement in the mimicry of oratory,
studied with pains and acted with the
atrical starts, practiced at the glass.
Tet the tendency at our academies
and colleges long lias been to give an
excess of time, attentiqn and labpr to
these superficialities. "We confess we
like the old fashion better. Students
in former times went to college to seek
the solid'fparts of' learning, not to de
velop skill-In athletic exercises,, or to
learn how to open the floodgates of
cheap and "Blatant oratory upon their
suffering country. In her earnest
scholarship, like that which gets recog
nition at Columbia and Tale, there is
promise for Oregon. These men will be
doing good and solid work when the
oarsmen and orators of today shall no
more, be remembered. Good scholar
ship Is the test of, a school, and the
test of the young people of a tate.
We shall have pugilism and oratorical
wind enough; "rifl fear of any -dearthr
even If these cults find no shrines at
our Echo'ols
We should be glad to say, if possl
blt,a fruitful word against the tendency
to "over-education" in athletics and
oratory, at our colleges. By many who
ought never to go to college at all these
exercises, or "studies," are regarded as
the main parts of learning. With
cheap oratory the land is sorely af
flicted already; In spite of the warning
of Job against filling the belly with
the East wind. He, moreover, was a
wise man. as well as a great satirist,
who. In a speech delivered as part of
the performance at a variety show, ex
claimed, "We are carrying education
too far! Abolish your colleges! We
Lave oarsmen enough!"
' It is admitted, however, that the
"study" of athletics "is. likely to be less
harmful than the pursuit of oratory.
It is not merely that the country is
plagued by too much speaking. The
country will be thought entitled to lit
tle consideration or mercy. The main
evil arises from the faot that your ora
tor is usually a failure. He doesn't
work, he d6esn't study his subject; he
relies on his voice and on his tropes;
he puts forth his strength on phrases
and attitud.es: Tils superficiality cannot
contend in the long run with his plain,
practical, solid and hard-working oppo
nent. There are examples everywhere.
Every reader can supply them.
We like this news, therefore, that
young men of Oregon have achieved
such a record in study as to be found
worthy of admission to scholarships in
Yale and, Columbia, against the very
severest competition the country could
afford. In bur humble opinion it beats
rowing, boxing, football and flatulent
oratory. '-"
A STRONG INDICT3IENT.
EdmumI Clarence Stedman delivered
an address -recently before a society of
New York. .teachers. In which he sup
ports the very general complaint of
business men In the larger cities in re
gard to the failure of the public schools
to teach boys how to write and speak
correctly. As a business man, the Wall
street broker and poet has employed
many boys fresh .from the common
schools, and It Is from his experience
with these that he" speaks. He says
that, though sorqe t)f these boys are
now successful, men In charge of many
employes, nearly all of them were, when
they first came out of the schools, defi
cient in spelling, writing and the use
of language deficiencies that drew
heavily upon the patience and time of
their employers. It ,Js, of course, im
possible to say how many, having run
the limit of the patience of busy men,
were dismissed from service as Incom
petent, and, with discouragement added
to Ignorance, were forced out Into the
world seeking work which they could
do. Mr. Stedman had found; most of
the boys to be fairly quick at figures
end reasonably apt&n calculation, but
scarcely one had a clearly, formed
handwriting, few were even tolerable
spellers, and nearly all had an extra
ordinary proficiency In wrong pronun
ciation, bad grammar and command of
slang. He found upon Inquiry that
many of them had "spent' a good deal
of time upon side fads, and had a few
vague ideas about arts, ologies and so
called studies that might serve as elect
Ives In a seminary or collegiate course."
They had wasted their time upon these
fancy studies, and had ended their
school days without knowing how to
speak or write the ordinary words of
the English language correctly. How
far this criticism applies to the work of
the public schools of Portland It Is im
possible to say, though no doubt our
business men could furnish data that
would throw some light upon the sub
ject. It Is not reasonable to suppose
that our educational methods are su
perior to those of New York or Chi
cago, in both of which cities the same
or similar complaints are made. Busi
ness men who employ stenographers
and typewriters, most of whom have,
before taking up the study of this pro
fession, passed at least the grammar
grades of our public schools, have found
great difficulty in finding those who
could spell, punctuate and capitalize
properly. They have not infrequently
been forced to dismiss worthy young
persons from their service for this rea
son. This Is a matter of common
knowledge, and one that reflects dis
credit upon the schools In which these
young people were instructed.
Mr. Stedman says if he had the di
recting of the public school curriculum
he would pay extreme respect to the
three R's, and would add to them an
"S," which would signify correct
spelling and the practice of correct
speaking. The importance of thorough
drill in these lines cannot be overesti
mated, since the boy who goes out into
the world without having mastered
them during the only years in which
he can do so successfully is handi
capped for the rest of his life. The
English language Is the chief instru
ment with which the American boy
must win his livelihood. If he, cannot
spell correctly or talk grammatically,
these defects will harass him in his en
deavor to rise, and to a greater or' less
degree keep him back. The smattering
of fancy branches gained at the ex
pense of the practical, for instruction
in which the public schools were insti
tuted, Is vague, and, being unused, soon
falls from the mind. The result is that
in the end the pupil Is left without
knowledge of either the useful or the
ornamental. As regards the fads that
have become attached to the public
school curriculum, Mr. Stedman's In
dictment Is unanswerable, while the
suggestions that accompany it are
worthy of the careful consideration of
educators, who as a class conscien
tiously desire to equip the boys and
girls of the public schools with practical
weapons wherewith the battle of life
may successfully be fought.
UNTRUE AS UNCALLED FOR.
The elaborate and malignant attack
of the New York Commercial on the Co
lumbia River Is now reflected in the
editorial columns of the Chicago Trib
une, which is either misinformed as to
the journalistic habit of the Commer
cial or else has lent itself to aid of the
same selfish Interests that have en
listed the Commercial in their behoof.
Perhaps Innocently taking its cue from
the New York sheet, and perhaps In re
sponse to solicitation from enemies of
the Columbia River, the Tribune says:
There are only three natural outlets to the
sea along our Northwestern seaboard San
Francisco Bay, the Columbia River and Puget
Sound, Of these the Columbia River alone
hat failed to get Its share of traffic. The for
eign commerce of Puget Sound has Increased
1000 per cent in the last twenty years, while
that of the Columbia has increased only 30 per
cent. The cause Is said to be a matter of
freight rates. All California and Washington
towns on the coast are classified as common
railway points, and are allowed the same rates
on through shipments. Astoria, at the mouth
of the Columbia, is not so classed, and its
citizens complain that this Is due to the dog-in-the-manger
policy of Portland, 100 miles up
the river, which holds the railway advantages
of a seaport without, having the navigation
facilities to make good Its claim. ... If
Portland would give up its ambition to be a
seaport and would allow the railways to ex
tend their tracks to Astoria, the natural Co
lumbia River port, the people of Oregon would
no longer be deprived of their share of the
new prosperity. . . . It appears that the
new jetties at Astoria, with a slight exten
sion, will Insure from thirty-six to forty feet
of water on the bar, while up at Portland the
extreme depth Is only twenty-three feet. The
largest ocean vessels are now built to draw
thirty feet with a full cargo, and the prob
ability Is that the size of freighters will be
etlll further Increased. Under such conditions
Portland can scarcely hope to be the perma
nent seaport of Oregon. Astoria apparently
has a right to feel aggrieved if secret Influ
ences are depriving it and the whole ?tate of
their due share of ocean commerce. Probably
Portland Itself would gain moro than It would
lose by .promoting Astoria's commerce.
These assertions are so comprehen
sive that they appear to transgress sub
stantially all the principal facts con
cerning the Columbia River. This river
is .not only not falling to get Its share
of foreign traffic, but is increasing that
share. It Is silly to talk of an Increase
of 1000 per cent In the foreign trade of
Puget Sound In twenty years. Twenty
years ago 'Puget Sound had practicaly
no foreign trade. The main export ar
ticle on this Coast is wheat, and
twenty years ago Puget Sound had not
yet shipped its first grain cargo. Its
first wheat ship was cleared In 1882.
The settlement and development of the
young State of Washington of course
shows remarkable Increase over the
nothingness that originally prevailed
there. From no bushels to 7,000,000
bushels, Puget Sound's export in the
last season Is, of course, great gain,
which is perhaps inadequately reflected
In 1000 per cent. But the gain in bulk
is not so great as that made by Port
land from 6,444,000 bushels, perhaps, In
1S90-91, to 14,151,000 bushels in 1899-00.
AH points on the Pacific Coast have
Increased the amount of their foreign
commerce, but Portland's gain in re
cent years has been at a higher rate
than that of Puget Sound. For the past
five seasons Portland's average of the
grain exports of the Pacific Northwest
is 65.6 per cent, as against Puget
Sound's 34.4 per cent; whereas In the
five years preceding .that period Port
land's percentage of the total trade
was 59.8 compared with Puget Sound's
40.2 per cent. These figures vacillate
from year to year, as the yield in vari
ous sections Is good or poor. A light
crop in the Willamette Valley will re
duce Portland's average, while a
bumper crop In Northern Washington
would raise Puget Sound's average. But
there is no such movement away from
Portland towards Puget Sound as the
Tribune has been led to suppose. What
tendency there is, really points the
other way.
The effort to force a "common-point
rate" -for Astoria by an unscrupulous
campaign of misrepresentation against
the Columbia River is utterly ill-advised
and- futile. Especially damaging to it
are the slanders dlrepted at the chan
nel and the character of its trade fa
cilities. Large ships, both steam and
sail, are constantly coming here, as
large as those that visit Puget Sound,
and 6000-ton cargoes are safely and
promptly dspatched. What has given
Puget Sound an artificial stimulus has
been the efforts of the Northern Pacific
and Great Northern in bringing freight
from the East and South for Asiatic
trans-shipment. In this work the
Union Pacific, Portland's transconti
nental connection, has been culpably
and unprofitably slow, but at length
it has made a beginning, and now car
ries its share of machinery, rails, cot
ton, etc., through Portland to the Orl-.
ent, and tea, silk, etc., from the Orient
to the East, South and Middle West.
So far as regards trade in products
raised on the Pacific Coast and Asiatic
products consumed on the Pacific Coast,
there is simply no comparison between
the meager supply handled on Puget
Sound and the heavy volume constantly
moving in and out of the Columbia
River. Of nearly all the products of
our far Western country, far more are
shipped from Portland than from Pu
get Sound.
As to the "common point," It is a rail
road problem, and will be settled some
time by the railroads interested. The
Oregonlan has never opposed it, has
rather inclined to favor It, and has
always looked confidently forward to
Its ultimate coming to pass an event
which is made manifestly more probable
through the application of harmonious
understanding and co-operation be
tween the various railroad ownerships.
Bat common point or no common
point linn nothing to do with the
channel from Portland to the sen.
That channel will be maintained. It
Is better now than it has ever been
before; It will be better as time goes
on than It Is now. Any efforts to resist
or impede the work through "common
point" arguments or malicious flings af
the river and its trade will not only
fall, but their certain effect will be to
arouse this city to greater exertions.
All who are concerned in such attacks
may as well take their notice now that
Portland Trill nintntnin'her channel
to the xen and do the unsincsM of the
Colnnilila basin in spite of all ene
mies of the river and its commerce.
It will exert, moreover, whatever
political power Ik necessary to brine;
thin to pass, and in those exertions
it -will be supported by the State of
Oregon.
It Is hardly like the Chicago Tribune
to join, either through Ignorance or
through malice, in an attack on the
maritime position of a city -whose pres
enter future eminence involves no con
cern to the City of Chicago, nor is it
creditable. The. fair reply to its at
tack is to invite Chicago to give over
Its vain aspirations to be a seaport.
Let it cease clearing grain ships for
Liverpool, and abandon all effort at
waterway Improvement at the numer
ous obstacles between Lake Michigan
and the Atlantic and between Lake
Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico. But
probably it would not be so easy to
persuade Chicago, that it would gain
more than it would lose by blocking
up the Straits of Mackinac and the St.
Clair River, filling In the Chicago River
and the drainage canal and putting its
commerce entirely at the mercy of the
railroads.
THE CRISIS IN SPAIN.
The present critical state of public
affairs in Spain is due to the recent
strikes and disturbances In Catalonia.
These disturbances have attracted un-'
usual attention throughout Continental
Europe on account of the part played
by the anarchists, by the socialists, by
tfie working classes, and by the Cata
lan autonomists. The. anarchists first
appeared In Spain In the days of the
Spanish revolution, from 1868 to 1874,
and again showed their hand when,
fifteen or twenty years later, great out
rages were committed in Andalusia
against the property of absentee land--lords.
,The anarchists again appeared
in the last decade of the last century
as executives of terrible crimes in Bar
celona and Madrid. These anarchists
are most numerous In the manufactur
ing districts of Catalonia, In the mines
of Biscay, Almeria and Murcla. They
hold meetings and make demonstra
tions apart from the socialists and the
working classes. They led the recent
strike in Barcelona, and most of the
men and women arrested In the collis
ions between the rioters and the troops
were well-known anarchists. The prin
cipal foreign anarchists were deported
to Italy and Austria, or sent over the
French frontier. The socialists, who ,
are increasing every year in Spain,
are charged with having aided or abet
ted the recent disturbances In Barce
lona, and in other provinces, but it was
only a very advanced group of Spanish
socialists that bore a conspicuous part
in the disorders this year in Madrid,
and these radical socialists went hand
In hand with the anarchists In the Bar
celona disturbances.
These radical socialists are revolu
tionists, but the majority of the Span
ish socialists are wedded to measures
of peaceful, constitutional agitation for
reform. The leader of this socialist
party proper is Pablo Iglesias, who
speaks as the1 leader of a federation of
30,000 socialists, who have two news
papers In Madrid and eleven in the
provinces. Poverty, with its conse
quent suffering and discontent, Is 'driv
ing the working classes In Spain into
revolutionary organization. Their dis
content has grown with the increase
in taxation of every kind and with the
protectionist tariff policy, which has
borne heavily upon the poor. The ne
cessities of life, bread, meat, petro
leum, sugar, coffee, colonial products
In general, and clothing, have Increased
In price considerably within the last
decade, especially since the loss of the
colonies. Rents In towns are nlgher,
with small improvement in wages,
while the profits of all the highly pro
tected industries under the tariff of 1892
have been enormous. The working
classes have been stimulated by this
depressing situation to Increase In all
parts df Spain their trades-unions and
associatioas of every kind. In Barce
lona alone there are several thousand
unions and associations. The various
trades, such as masons, tailors, miners,
railway and tramway men, have en
rolled tens of thousands in their fed
erations, and the operatives In the fac
tories of Catalonia have a federation
30,000 strong. In most of the strikes
public opinion and the press have as
sisted the worklngmen because of unde
niable suffering, particularly in the
mining districts and In the manufac
turing districts of Biscay, Catalonia,
Almeria, Murcla, and sometimes even
In Madrid, where the railway strikes
have been formidable to the authorities
and a great hardship to the public.
The working classes are at beart,
most of them, advanced Democrats and
Republicans, but they persist thus far
in flocking by themselves because none
of the political parties will consent to
propose anything like adequate social
and economic reforms, and because of
this distrust of both the great political
parties the worklngmen are disposed
to swell the ranks of revolutionary so
cialism and anarchism. More than half
of the members of the trades-unions
are socialists, and some of them are
anarchists. These trades-unions and
federations have increased their num
bers tenfold in twelve years. They
have a press and reviews of their own,
and systematically collect subscriptions
for their reserve and resistance funds.
They complain that remedial legisla
tion up to the present has been Insuffi
cient and too much in the interest of
the employers of labor, despite, the
fact that the Cortes has voted laws reg
ulating the work of women and chil
dren in the mines,' the night work of
both sexes, and the liability of em
ployers In regard to accidents. The
worklngmen demand arbitration courts
With mixed juries of employers and
workmen, and most of all some limi
tation In the hours of work. When we
add to this startling discontent of the
working classes under radical socialist
and anarchist leaders, the fact that
Spain is on the eve of putting into exe
cution an anti-clerical policy, to be fol
lowed probably by some of the radical
reforms enacted In Roman Catholic na
tions, like Portugal, Italy, France, Bel
glum and Austria, it would not be the
happening of the unexpected if Spain
before the year Is over- has a full-armed
popular Insurrection on her hands.
The situation Is not unlike that which
preceded the first great Revolution in
France, which drew its strongest breath
of life from the working classes, who
were taxed Into the earth so completely
that they lacked bread to eat, while a
luxurious court and a depraved priest
hood grew fat and merry over the mis
ery of the people. The French revolu
tionists murdered without mercy the
nobility and the priests, because In
their wild rage they .believed the people
had been starved to swell the revenues
of both aristocrats and priests. The no
ble picked the peasant's pockets, di
vided the spoil with the priest, who ab
solved him for his crimes. No such
terrible convulsion as that of France
awaits Spain, because in event of a
serious threat of popular insurrection
liberal statesmen, like Sagasta, would
be sure to enact Important reforms.
Nevertheless, it Is clear that the work
ing classes are organizing and prepar
ing to enforce .their demands by a for
midable show of force, should it become
necessary.
Captain Richmond P. Hobson, famous
for sinking the collier Merrlmac In
Santiago harbor, and afterwards for
being the klssee of some dozens, more
or less, of silly women, has made the
unpardonable mistake of appearing be
fore the public In a "speech." The oc
casion was Memorial day of last week,
a'rid the place a pleasure resort near
Detroit. Sentimental always and every
where, Captain Hobson declared that
the Civil War was a "sociological neces
sity" to establish the fact of the per
manency of the Union, and further, that
"African slavery was a divine Provi
dence to prevent the extermination of
the African tribes In their native jun
gles and to advance them In civiliza
tion." Poor Hobbyl Why does not
his mother, or his nnultltudlnous
fiancee tell him that loglc'and sentiment
don't mix, and to be quiet, please, lest
he continue to make a fool of -himself
on matters of which he knows nothing?
He sank the Merrlmac Hobby' did
and for the bravery displayed by this
useless performance he Is entitled to
due crediV. Events of his subsequent
career, however, leave much to be de
sired on the part of common sense, and
his last performance Is the worst of .all.
The man who rises at this day, before
an audience of 2000 enlightened Ameri
can citizens." to defend slavery as a
special institution of Providence should
be Induced hereafter gently If possi
ble, forcibly If necessary to keep his
mouth shut In public places,' especially
on Memprlal day, since there Is neither
profit nor honor In his utterances.
Cadets at the United States Military
and Naval Academies will no doubt
soon learn that the authorities are in
earnest in the determination to main
tain discipline in those Institutions,
and will govern themselves accord
ingly. One cadet of the fourth class at
Annapolis and two from West Point
are now sadly weqdlng their way
homeward for breach of rules, the for
mer for hazing and the. latter for false
hood. This represents punlsliment that
punishes, and its infliction Is prescribed
by Congress and recommended by self
respecting military and naval men and
Indorsed by the people generally.
The passage of the ordinance carry
ing an appropriation for the construc
tion of a hospital building for conta
gious diseases, enacted by the City
Council Wednesday evening, was long
overdue. The hospital lacking such a
building is sadly hampered in its equip
ment for the purposes for which is
maintained, and the structure ordered
cannot be built too soon, even though
it should spring up In a single night.
Tillman will resign if McLaurin will,
and vice versa. The powerful cables
attached -to these .sensational with
drawals from the Senate have added to
neither the dignity nor the reputation
of South Carolina. It Is supposable,
however, that bbth disputants, and
probably the Governor also, have pre
served their honah.
Soldiers returning from the Philip
pines declare that in case of a clash
between a bluecoat and a "nigger," the
officers give the native "the best of It"
Oppression and despotism, apparently,
are not working well as yet.
The prudent man foreseeth the evil
and gets himself and his family vac
cinated, while the simple pass on, refus
ing or neglecting this safeguard, and
are more than likely to be punished.
The good ship -Poitalloch Is again
afloat a tribute to the skill and perse
verance of her gallant master, Cap
tain Young. His congratulations will
be many, and all deserved.
From the table of railroad earnings
published this morning It appears that
Brer Harriman has the roads that
show the greatest per cent of gain in
earnings, grjoss and net.
By dropping the second- half of Its
name, the Socialist-Democratic party of
'Oregon has purged Itself of the. grave
crime of tautology.
The simple South Carolina fact Is that
nobody resigned.
CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL.
American Medicine.
That this subject is of great importance
for the future of all countries
every one Is agreed. Indeed, it
seems to have as much Interest
for those who do not drink as for those
who do. Statistics are constantly being
twisted by people Interested In one or the
other side of the alcohol question to sup
port their own side, and an impartial
study of the subject rarely appears. Such
a study, we believe, is that of H. Bence
Jones, which appears in the Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society, 1900, volume
LXIII, page 272. Even a mention of the
many Interesting facts brought out In
this paper Is impossible in the space al
lowed in these columns. But one fact
will certainly be Interesting to all Amer
icans who believe in the Importance of
temperance. He states that the consump
tion of drink in Canada is smaller than
that of any country of the world for
which statistics exist; that In the United
States is also .small, and he Is able to
trace a comparative decrease In the con
sumption of spirits in -recent years in
both the United States and Canada. In
the United States in 1890 the consumption
of spirits per head was 1.17 gallons: In
189S It had fallen to 0.92 of a gallon. There
Is perhaps a slight Increase In the con
sumption of beer and light wines, but
the quantities used are still quite small
as compared with some of the beer-drink
ing countries of the world. In, Bavaria
the consumption of beer per inhabitant
Is given at 56 gallons, while In Germany
as a whole It is 27 gallons; In the United
Kingdom not quite 32 gallons, In the
United States 13 gallons per inhabitant.
However, the consumption of beer does
not' Indicate the entire consumption of
alcoholic beverages, for In North Ger
many, for example, very little beer la
drunk, the consumption of the Inhab
itants of those parts being spirits rather
than beer. Thus, also, there Is compara
tively little beer consumed in Scotland
and Ireland, while the consumption of
spirits is proportionately larger.
The question of the desirability of
drinks is not discussed, the ques
tion being as to what Is drunk
In the civilized countries of the
world rather than whether It
should be drunk; or. otherwise. As to the
latter question, there can be no doubt
but that alcoholic beverages have their
important uses in disease, and, whatever
the teetotalers may believe with regard
to the use of alcohol In a state of health,
they cannot afford to deny Us value as
medicine. As to the hygienic side of the
question. It is certain that alcohol Is not
needed ordinarily by persons In a state
of health, but It is also equally true that
a large proportion of the people of civi
lized countries will consume a certain
amount of alcohol quite regardless of this
fact. If alcoholic drinks are to be used
at all. It Is important that a pure article
should be sold, which will do as little
damage as possible. The Increase in the
use of beers and light wines Is encour
aging .rather than otherwise, for it is
the experience of the countries in which
they are most generally used that they
are not as commonly adulterated, and
that drunkenness, poverty and disease
are caused less often by them than by
spirituous liquors.
A decrease In the amount of nlcohollc
beverages Is no doubt every desirable,
but this will certainly not be brought
about by the efforts of fanatics. We may
be sure that the decrease In the use of
alcoholic beverages In the United States
Is due to an Increased Intelligence of Its
people as a whole, and this Is' highly en
couraging.
Temperance In all things, and not tee
totalism, is what is needed.
Soldier, an to Size.
Spectator.
The untrained big man will beat the un
trained little man at fisticuffs or In a
wrestlfng match, but In trained armies
weight tells for verj little. So. long as
their armies were recruited from the clu
les and Vlllagesof Italy, the small-limbed
Romans defeated the large-limbed Ger
mans In almost every encounter, and this
although the men of the forest were
hunters, lived In the open air, and ate, It
is always assumed, quantities of meat.
The wiry little Roman, who took blows
from. a vine stock from his own officer
must have been one of the best soldiers
who ever lived. It was after Rome had
enlisted the big barbarians In scores of
thousands that her standards went back
In battle. The slight and pallid Saracen
drove the picked soldier's of Europe out
of Palestine. If armor is any test, the
heroes of the Middle Ages were com
paratively little men. Of the men who
fought at Jena, the Frenchmen were prob
ably by 10 per cent the smaller, yet Ger
man, Pomeranian and Pole alike receded
before their charge.
There are probably no such men In the
world as are to be found In our Sikh
regiments, their average being nearly two
Inches higher than our own. yet Eng
lishmen defeated them at Sabraon, and
If they revolted our officers would lead
the undersized Ghurkas against them with
perfect confidence. That the Japanese
"dwarfs" defeated the Chinese may be
accounted nothing, but experienced officers
who have watched the former In action
believe they would beat the Russians,
an opinion which Is shared by the Sikhs,
who have observed both, which is the
more remarkable because the Sikh has
to overcome an instinctive feeling about
the European. Our own "light" regiments
e. g., the Rifle Brigade whleh, be
cause they are "light" are tolerant of
"weeds." are among the best regiments
in the service; nor is there any regiment
in the world that would not be proud
of defeating Zouaves, whose average low
stature has frequently been commented
on. Tiie trutn s tnai weigni ana neigut
have almost as little to do with fitness
for soldiering as with fitness for com
mand. Importance of Apples.
Boston Herald.
The statement made In the Independent
newspaper that the value of the apple
crop of this country Is greater than that
of Its wheat production will bring a sur
prise to many. The Independent says that
the total yield of apples In 1900 was 215,
000,000 barrels. Supposing that an aver
age price of $2 a barrel was obtained, the
aggregate value of the crop was ?430,000,
OOO. The average value of wheat Is but a
little over 5300,000,000 annually. By this
estimate the apple crop Is worth about 50
per cent more than the wheat. The ex
port of apples exceeds 4,000,000 barrels a
year, and It Is increasing. The price
abroad ranges from $2 to J4 a barrel, the
most of the fruit bringing nearer the
larger price. Its production ranges over
a wide extent of country, though few sec
tions of it make the apple their chief re
liance for support. Our home families do
'not ypend a gieat deal of money for It,
but "we are growing fruglvorous Instead
of carnivorous,'" observes the Independent,
and before long pastry and bread will be
subordinate to the better food.
;
By Majorities of One.
Philadelphia Times.
Since a president was declared elected
by a vote of 8 to 7 we have grown ac
customed to narrow margins In the de
cision of great questions. The status of
the insular possessions Is determined
or confused by a vote of 5 to 4. The river
bill is sustained by 4 to 3. And now the
Cuban convention has agreed on the Piatt
amendment by 15 to 14. A judicial decision
by a majority of one Is just as effective
legally as though given by a unanimous
court, though sometimes the moral effect
is different.
No Hope for the Treasnry.
Salem Capital Journal.
While a lot of tne older political game
sters will be stranded on school land de
falcation, no one believes that one penny
will be recovered from men who are
prominent in politics and have their
waistbands ornamented with lodge ban
gles as large as pie plates. If out of the
agitation the people get a little cleaner
and a little honester set of officials and
clerks, they will be the great gainers
from the shaking Up that is given the
I whole rascally business.
AN OLD-TIME EXPANSIONIST.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
It is odd that In thl3 expansionist age
the centenary of the birth of one of the
greatest of American expansionists
should be allowed to pass with scarcely
and public recognition. It is Just 100
years since the birth of William H.
Seward, and the little town in Interior
New York in which he was born was
the only place In the country, so far as
we have observed, which took any notice
of the anniversary. The great State of
New York had no son more illustrious
than Seward, but in the 30 years which
have passed since his death he appears
to have dropped entirely out of the recol
lection or the regard of that common
wealth. The purchase of Alaska In 1857 was
condemned by many persons at that
time, Just as the acquisition of Louisiana,
Florida and Texas were by an element
of the people of an earlier age, but that
territory has paid back to the United
States many times the $7,200,000 which
Seward gave to Russia for it. Seward,
however, was an annexationist long be
fore Alaska became United States terri
tory. Many years before the Civil War
he advocated the acquisition of Hawaii.
More than half a century ago he fore
told the place which the 20th cen
tury's Mediterranean, the Pacific Ocean,
would hold In the industrial and social
life of the United States, and announced
Ideas about the connection which the
great Western sea would have with his
country which the majority of his coun
trymen are only Just now beginning to
catch up with.
Seward's case Is one of the many Illus
trations of the fleeting character of poli
tical fame In this bustling age. He wa3
In public life for 40 years, holding the
most exalted positions In the people's gift
short of the Presidency Itself, and for
a long time his name was prominently
coupled with that office. But many
events the reconstruction of the South
ern States, the building of the great
West, the creation of the Industrial
South, the Spanish war and the extension
of the United States' boundaries lrito the
Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific have
brought new men and Ideas to the front
and have effaced the old. But In these
expansive days, when great railroad mag
nates, shipping masters and merchants
are reaching out toward the Orient for
new Industrial conquests, some public
recognition. It would seem, ought to be
given to the memory of the man who, al
most alone among Americans, more than
half a century ago saw and foretold the
day when the Pacific Ocean would be
come an American lake.
A Visit to Emerson.
Literary Friends and Acquaintances. W.
D.
Howells.
I do not know in Just what sort he
made me welcome, but I am aware of
sitting with him In his study or library,
and of his presently speaking of Haw
thorne, whom I probably celebrated as I
best could, and whom he praised for his
personal excellence, and for his fine qual
ities as a neighbor. "But his last book,"
he added, reflectively, "Is a mere mush,"
and I perceived that this great man was
no better equipped to judge an artistic fic
tion than the groundlings who were then
crying out upon the Indefinite close of
"The Marble Faun."
After dinner we walked about In his
"pleached garden" a little, and then we
came again Into his library, where I meant
to linger only till I could fitly get away.
He questioned me about what I had seen
of Concord, and whom besides Hawthorne
I had met. and when I told him only
Thorcau, he asked me If I knew the poems
of "William Henry Channing. I have
known them since, nnd felt their quality,
which I have gladly owned a genuine
and original poetry: but I answered then
truly that I knew them only from Poe's
criticisms; cruel and spiteful things, which
I should be ashamed of enjoying as I once
did.
' 'Whose criticisms?" asked Emerson.
"Poe's," I said again.
"Oh," he cried out, after a moment, as
if he had returned from a far search for
my meaning, "you mean the Jingle man!"
Fnnston nt School.
James H. Canfleld In the American Review of
Reviews.
During the two years of his stay, Fun
ston did very creditable work In mathe
matics, botany, chemistry, Greek and Ro
man history, Shakespeare, German, Amer
ican history and economics. The last two
subjects he carried In my department, and
under my personal Instruction. I well re
call him in the classroom attentive, alert,
always ready to take part In a discussion,
but not over talkative; with a keen sense
of humor and with no little wit; appar
ently mastering with ease fundamental
principles, though not always careful as
to details in application; with rare good
sense, holding tenaciously to his own
opinion and, I always thought, because
he had formed It carefully but always
amenable Vo reason. It was entirely evi
dent at first that he regarded my Instruc
tion with considerable distrust, and was
exceedingly slow and wary In making ad
missions which might Jead to conclusions
which he was not ready to accept. How
ever, his Intense interest in both sub
jects, anfi the ease and Informality of
the lecture-room (the freest discussions
were always permitted and welcome),
soon brought us info closer and more
friendly relations: and while I may not
speak for him, I may add for myself that
my confidence In him and in his ultimate
success has never wavered, and my In
terest In him has been continuous from
that day to this.
Saloona Are the Beneficiaries.
Philadelphia Press.
The closing of the Army canteen has
been followed at Fort Sheridan, the
Army post near Chicago, by an Increase
of men absent without leave for drunken
ness to 3S, the largest number the fort
has known; while the morrow after pay
day this month, 72 men were under arrest
for drunkenness, another number which
passes past post records. The saloons are
the only beneficiaries through the sup
pression of the sale of beer and other
light liquors on the post grounds.
Not the Way to Make Friends.
New York Times.
While we seek, and at present very suc
cessfully, the extension of our trade In
the markets of the world, we maintain
Intact the barriers that bar others from
our own markets. We strive with all
our energy and Ingenuity to sell as much
and as widely as we can, but we tax
heavily the foreigners who wish to sell
to us in return. Eurdpeans must pay
a heavy fine If they seek to send their
wares to our shores. .Distinctly this Is not
a policy to win friends.
.I
The "Whole in a Nntshcll.
New York Sun.
Only what had been previously done by
Jefferson and his various successors has
the United States done since the Spanish
war, but on a larger and. to the world,
a more Impressive scale. We have merely
followed the course of a manufacturing
company that enlarges Its plant and per
fects its machinery to meet enlarged and
perfected competition, and nothing more.
A Misfortune.
Washington Star.
"What Is the matter. Tommy?" asked
the mother of the small boy In tears.
"I'm lonesome. The other b.oys wouldn't
play fair."
"What was the game?"
"We were playing United States Senate.
I resigned, and the other boys forgot to
coax me back."
Exploded Theories.
Toledo Blade.
Why do not the fellows who for years
talked about the per capita circulation
come out And explain why thefr theories
fell down? They declared the per capita
would rapidly diminish under the gold
standard, yet it is now over $28 greater
than ever before in our hlBtory, and about
one-third more than In 1S36.
,N0TE AND COMMENT.
Cuba is pretty sure to get hard hit 'In
the breakaway.
American thoroughbreds are in the same
class with American yachts.
From East and Wsst and South and North
They'll come to celebrate our Fourth.
The Chicago butchers who are about to
strike ought to be able to kill time while
they are out.
Investigation has proven that the aboli
tion of the canteen -was a most excellent
thing for the whisky dealers.
I would rather be Mayor of Cleveland
than President. Tom L. Johnson.
WeB, all right. The Rest of the World.
A man has not much chance for life.
And that small chance is slimmer.
Now bathing time Is here again.
If he's an expert swimmer.
There was once a man who rocked a
boat. Especial attention Is called to the
past tense of the foregoing statement. '
There must be something doing In Mars.
She has apparently lost all interest in
what is going on in this section of the.
universe.
Chicago is insulted because a Cincinnati
paper has called her a jay town. As Chi
cago Insists that she Is a C-port, she
ought not to object to being shoved a lit-
tie further up the alphabet.
The Lick Observatory expedition broke
a $3000 mirror Wednesday. Even the most
"pizen" foes of superstitution will admit
that this was a case where the breaking
of a mirror brought bad luck.
The Johns Hopkins professor who coun
sels against reading too much was prob
ably not led to his conclusions by the
greed with which Webster Davis book
on the Transvaal Is being devoured.
Lively interest has been awakened in
Sweden by the Importation of American
quails. Count Claes Lewcnhnupt, of
Foastorjo, has ordered this Spring more
than 5000 quails, costing 53300, and more
orders are expected. The birds are sent
In cages 50 in each cage constructed es
pecially for the purpose. The small lot of
American quails were set free In Count
Lewenhaupt's estate at CJaestorp last
Spring, endured the Winter well, and it
appears that Sweden has good prospects
of an Increase in its game birds.
The little daughter of an Eastern Ore
gon editor had been indulging in conduct
unbecoming a well-bred young lady,
and her grandmother, at whose housa
she was visiting, filed a remonstrance.
"You muen't act that way, little one,"
counseled the old lady, "you should try
to be just as good a little girl as you
can, so you will grow up to be a Chris
tian." The child thought a minute, then she
said: "I don't want to be a Chrlstln,
ganma; I want to be a Presbyterian, like
mama."
Of all the animated beings beneath man
kind, the bird Is the most Innocent the
nearest akin to Eden, says a writer In
Success. Open your Bible and eec how
these aerial spirits flit across Its pages.
It was a bird that Noah sent forth from
the ark to learn whether a safe landing
might be made. A raven fed Elijah, and
Christ not only made frequent reference
to birds In the parables, but declared .
that not even a sparrow falls without
the knowledge of, the Father in.heayen.aj ,
And we Americans, practical and senti
mental, chose the eagle as the symbol of
our National glory. Do I need to aay
more? Will not public sentiment, all
powerful In this land, crystallize Into leg.
islatlon for the protection of. birds?
An Indignant looking farmer returned
to a horse dealer's about an hour after
purchasing a horse.
"Look here, sir!" he exclaimed, "I don't
want this horse you sold me! He shies.
I can't get him to cross the bridge."
"That's the reason I sold him," said the
dealer, calmly. "Why did you come to me
for the horse?"
"I saw your advertisement in the pa
per." "I thought so. I cave my reaiwv for
selling him."
"Yes; to be sold, you stated, for no
other reason than that the owner wanted
to go out of town."
"Well, If you can get out of town with
him," said the dealer. "It will be more
than I can do."
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHEnS
"Is Mr. Petcrsby rich?" "I don't think so.
He dresses too fashionably." Tlt-Blt9.
One-SIded. She So this la the end of our
engagement? He It may be for you, but It
will take me a year yet to pay the bills.
Brooklyn Life.
Teacher And why should we endeavor to
rise by our own efforts? Johnny Wise "Cause
there's no tellln' when the alarm clock will
go wrong;. San Francisco News Letter.
Phenomenal. "We have the most wonderful
cook you ever saw. You know, we only en
gaged her as a plain cook." ;'Yes. "Well,
she makes good bread." Town and Country.
Guaranteed. Dinah What did the fortune
teller say? Sam She said I'm gwlne tar had a
great stroke ob luck befo' I die, an if It doan'
come true, she's gwlne ter refun de money.
Puck. - ,
Amateur gardener (to goat-fancying neigh
bor) HI, madam! One of your confounded
pets has got into my garden and ls(eating my
bedding-plants! Neighbor Good gracious! I
trust they are not poisonous! Punch.
A, Slight Oversight. Mrs. Shopley Oh.
George. I bought a real handsome set of books
today on the installment plan. All I have to
pay Is $1 50 a month. Mr. Shopley For how
many months? Mrs. Shopley Dear me. I for
got to ask! Brooklyn Life.
Not Astonishing. "It Is astonishing that a
large fortune should be left to him by a per
son who had only seen him once." "In my,
opinion It would have been more astonishing
If It had been left to him after the person had
seen him twice." Jewish Comment.
Proof. "Yes, sir." exclaimed Codling! "my'
friend, Simpson is a man of unimpeachable
veracity." "What makes you say that?"
"Well, I've known him 20 years, and never
once, in all that time. Winter or Summer, did
he exaggerate his thermometer record." De
troit Free Press.
Tlie Old Sinn's ViavTB.
Indianapolis Sun. '
Back there in the old days, when 'pendtclti
wasn't known. x
Feller'd git to feclln bad, an git kind o out
o" tone.
"Doc" ud waltz right In an' say: "Got a fever?
Had a. chill?
Well, this weather's kind o bad. Rest awhllo
nn' take a pill!
Be all right tomorrow, Jo." Stop an' Joke
some with the kid. ,
You'd be out the next day, sir plowln" like
you never did! s
Feller gits a chill today Ge-mu-nee! The doc
tor comes.
Stands an' feels your pulse an' then shakes
his head an' haws and hums:
"Gravest symptoms system is thoroughly run
down, I fear;
Sorry, sir, but there's some signs of appen
dicitis here!
See jou In a day or so!" Then a. feller lays
In bed.
An appendicitis comes from the worry In his
head!
That's the wa,y. It seems to me science Is a
mighty thing,
But when Ignorance Is bliss, let's be Ignorant,
by Jing!
J