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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 18, 1901)
YtiV. nrnvfvo-. r7?Fnr-?v: SATURDAY,- MAY IS, WV. SEkg &omaL Entered at the Postoffice at I"orUana, Oregon, -as -second-class matter. TELEPHONES. EdltorlalEooms 16tt I Business Office. 68T BEVTSED EtJESCfelPTION RATES. Br Mall postage prepaid). In Advance Daily, with Sunday, per month...........? S3 Xall, Sundaj excepted, per jear... ...... 7 SO Dally, with Sundaj. per year............. 9 OO Sunday, -per year 2 00 The "Weekly, per year ................... 1 50 The Weekly, 3 months 00 To City Subscriber- Xaily, per week, dellt ered. Sundays excepted.l5c Daily, per week, delivered. Sundays lncluded.'SOc POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 20 to 10-page paper... .................. .....le 26 to 32-page paper..... .........2c Foreign rates double. JJews or discussion Intended lor publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed invaria bly 'Editor The Oregonlan," not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to advertis ing:, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from individuals, and cannot undertako to re turn any manuscripts sent to it without solici tation. Ko stamps should be inclosed tor this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau-Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacirtc avenue, Tacoma. Box 955, Tacoma Postoffice. Eastern Business Office 47. 48, 9 and 50 Tribune building, New Tork City; 403 "The Kookery," Chicago: the S C. Beckwith special agency. Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold emlth Bros.. 230 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 3008 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry Zes St&Qd. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 259 So Spring street,' and Oliver & Haines. 103 Bo Spring street. For mle in Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam atreet- For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co . 77 W Second South street. For sale in Ogden by "W. C. Kind. 204 Twen t -fitth street On file in "Washington, D. C. with A. "W. Dunn. 500 14th N. W. ' On file at Buffalo, X. Y., in the Oregon ex ploit at the exposition. For oalo in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. OOC-012 Seventh stveet. TODAY'S WEATHER, Showers; continued cool, westerly winds PORTLAND, SATURDAY, 3IAY 18. THE WnorVGS OF LABOR. His happy faculty of expressing in ef fective phrase the drift of modern thought served Judge -Williams well Jn fcis speech at the banquet of the Sons of the American devolution Thursday night, when, speaking of labor and cap ital, he said: My opinion as a general proposition Is that wage-earners do not get a Just proportion of "the proceeds of the- businesses made profitable bj their labor, and when thousands upon thou sands of profits are piled up for their employer their united effort in such cases to obtain a good remuneration for their labor should be encouraged by air fair-minded men. In this friendly word for organized labor we see reflected a growing con viction, of -society toward the ranks of -workingmen. Its very appearance at the TJriversity Club, and its enthusiastic reception in an audience drawn from our best social, business and Intellectual life, may serve to put a degree or dis approval upon the pessimistic tendency of most of the speaker's remarks. The very enthronement of seflshness, which Judge "Williams so vigorously bewails, is negatived by the generous indorse ment his arraignment of It gained.-It Is half the battle against an abuse to have that abuse pointed out and de- jounced. When theyare unsgenoc. ig nored, hen 6nlyare abuses'really dan gerous. Opinion concerning labor and capital, the worker and the boss, has been un dergoing a great change in the United States within recent years, and it is a change full of promise. Unreasoning hatred of corporations merely because they are corporations seems to be dying out in some such degree as unreasoning hatred of trades-unions Just because they are unions seems to be dying out. That Is, we are increasingly disposed to judge the operations of capital trusts or labor trusts, not by precon cehed standards, but by their effects, good or bad. "By their fruits ye shall know them." The high-handed meth ods of Standard Oil are tempered in popular esteem by the reduction In price of kerosene. The overweening avarice and ambitions cf our iron and eteel trusts are something mitigated iy their enormous payrolls, by their princely benefactions, by their con quest of foreign markets, and by the undeniable evidences of prosperity that attend their reign. And the disfavor "with which students and business men "were once accustomed to Tegard labor organizations has shown a tendency to abate in favor of a disposition to judge unions by the work they do for good or for ill. Society is in a receptive mood.regard Ing the wrongs of labor, and great "weight Is going to be given to its claims of being underpaid. The immense for tunes our trusts are piling up take away all excuse of inability to pay fair -wages, and their close combinations go far to discredit their resistance to unionism among employes, provided the labor organizations operate within the law. There Is certainly something incongruous in the spectacle of a street railway combination which controls the lines of six or eight New Tork cities objecting to men because they belong to a labor trust It Is also noteworthy that the dispatches from Albany and Troy give the impression that the labor leaders there are opposing violence as a bad thing for the cause of labor itself. A general enlightenment on Ihis head would do more than any other single thing to advance the cause of labor in popular estimation. The trouble at Al bany is probably due as much to unwise business management on part of the railroads as on the side of the men. One of the crying wrongs of labor is the uprising of mobs in cities at times of strikes and perpetration of outrages which are charged against labor,' but which are only remotely Its work, if at all. There is, perhaps, no more hopeful phenomenon of our industrial life than this growing susceptibility of society to the wrongs of labor. It is no part of go ernment to support the laborer, but it is government's duty to give him the largest possible opportunity to work for himself and to gain to the full and enjoy the fruits of his exacting toll. In an increasing degree society is coming to understand how much of Its future depends upon the condition of the masses3. Old Egypt looked upon its myriad slaves as of no' more ethnic moment than the blocks of -stone they hewed under the lash, or the "bricks j they fashioned under the boiling sun, Until very recently we have advanced but little beyond this ancient concep tion, and many superinfenuents have no higher rul& of getting efficient serv ice out of emploj es than by calling out the military and shooting them down. Society Is only looking out for Itself j "when Jt stands between the- honest, .faithful worktagman and his enemies, "Whether they pre grasping corporations or the rabble of manufacturing cen ters. It Is from the ranks or these workingmen that the Presidents and merchant princes and giant manufac turers of tomorrow will be recruited. The successful man whose picture Is on the front page of the newspapers, and whose contributions are sought by the magazines was not born on Beacon Hill or along Fifth avenue. He began life on a farm, or as a newsboy or a poor clerk .or a mechanic. Every op portunity should be afforded such men to rise. It will make a difference to the next generation whether It grows up contented with Its lot and justly paid for its services, or embittered under op pression "with a sense of Injury because denied Just participation In the fruits of Its labor. "For the laborer is worthy of his hire." A WORLD OP LAW. Fiction has no more moving story than the, tragic death of Olaf Berg, elec tric lineman, who went to the aid or a friend in trouble and slowly roasted to death upon a live wire from which he was unable to free himself. What a cruel master electricity becomes, which as a servant Is a most efficient contrib utor to use and beauty! The forces of Nature are helpful when kept under control, but awful devastators, unrea soning andunpitying, wlien they gain the ascendant, and .rush upon their hapless victims. The devouring fire, the pitiless sea, the consuming electric current, the cancerous germ attacking the body of the experimenting scien tist, the wild beast, turning In a mo ment of unexpected frenzy upon its erstwhile feared and loved trainer, the loosened flood of the reservoir spread ing desolation over the valley it has been accustomed to bless with water, light and employment, the glacier, burying in its awful bosom the ex plorer who has loved it long and well these are exhibitions of Nature's seamy side which may well cause' us to distrust her beneficent purposes and which cause believers In an old the ology to cry out, "Can a kind, just God exist and permit these cruel visitations upon the Innocent?" At length we shall understand that we live under a reign of law. The uni verse Is "not governed by caprice or favoritism, but by constant forces, Im partial and unchangeable. Shelley, who loved the sea as few men .love any thing, was swept to destruction as re morselessly as If he had never sung Its praise. Trust not the enrapturing murmur of the waves; "they will snuff out your life as unconcernedly as they toss a spray of seaweed upon the sand. It was nothing to Mount Rainier that Edgar McClure climbed Its sides with love and pride; it took his life as gladly as It would have torn the assassin from his intended victim. It Is nothing to Nature that the devoted physician is studying cancer or leprosy in hope of abating suffering; It will fasten the germs upon bis flesh at the smallest opportunity. The electric current burned Its way to the vitals of poor Olaf Berg as gaily as at Sing Sing it speeds to the brain of the most hard ened criminal. On the whole, the gain from caprice to Iron law is not only good for wisdom, but for edification and solace. Once we know that causes produce their due ef fects, with unfailing certain ty$ the way ahead of us Is made clear beyond the peradyentuce of a doubt or misgiving. If there Is no loving care in Nature, there is, on the other hand, no venge ance. To comply with Nature's laws is to be assured, not only of freedom from persecution, but of escape from indi rect disadvantage accruing from inter position on behalf of some more fa vored object of concern. It is great gain to be persuaded at last that Na ture is no respecter of persons; that as her sun shines alike on the evil and the good, and her rain falls on the just and the unjust, so we may rest assured that the conception of a just God is not to be tested by the operation of natural law upon those we love, when unwit tingly they stray across the forbidden path. We may, In contemplation of the orderly progress of all things, even derive greater confidence ... that somehow good Shall be the final goal of ill, To pangs of Nature sins of Will, Defects of doubts, and taints of blood; That nothing walks with aimless feet. That no One life shall be destroj ed Or cast as rubbish to the -void "When God hath made the pile .complete A GOOD EXAMPLE. Banker Hlrschberg, of Independence, has set an example to moneyed men who expect to profit by the develop ment of the dairy Industry which is well worthy of emulation. Although It has been already demonstrated that the manufacture of butter and cheese Is destined to become of vast import ance to the state, the business has reached the point where progress is barred by the lack of ready money With which to stock pastures with good milch cattle. When the average farmer balances accounts for the year he finds the margin of profit so narrow that he has little capital to Invest in cows, and as a result he reluctantly turns away from branching out Into a field he feels sure would yield good returns. Mr. Hlrschberg has come to his relief by offering to lend him money with which to purchase cows, exactly as the country banks furnish the money with which the wheatraisers harvest their crops. If, in addition to his cattle, the farmer sees fit to equip himself with a separator, Mr. Hlrsch berg stands ready to advance him what is necessary to buy one. In this way he has already materially Increased the, patronage of the Independence cream ery, given the dairy Industry In the vi cinity a decided stimulus, and taken no risks beyond those ordinarily inci dent to his business. The ultimate success of dairy farm ing in Oregon depends upon the will ingness of capitalists to assist it, and Mr. Hlrschberg is the first to under take voluntarily to do so. The cream eries already established must rely on the farmers to supply them with raw material, and if the farmers are en abled not only to keep up their herds but to enlarge and Improve them by the addition of strains of better blood, not only will these creameries keep their churns in operation, but others will spring up to take care of the sur plus milk that will soon be furnished, and Oregon will become famous as a prosperous dairy state. There is plenty of capital in Portland today seeking investment and certainly It could be put to no better use than in building up a business which will prove of im mediate benefit to the state and city. California, furnishes an example which proves that Mr. Hlrschberg has used eood judgment in this latest busi ness venture. Two years ago a large ice plant was built at Fresno, In the San Joaquin Valley. To utilize the considerable amount of cold-storage space available It was suggested that a creamery be established; but, as in the Willamette Valley, the farmers had few cows and no money to buy more. The management however, pro ceeded to interest capital, and soon succeeded in securing what money the farmers needed to purchase herds. Farmers who would agree to care properly for their stock and furnish milk to the creamery were advanced money ,to buy cows on a basis of easy payments at a low rate of Interest Today, as a result 10,000 pounds of but ter are turned out of the Fresno cream ery dally, and the plant promises ,to become the largest of Its kind in the United States. A few months ago a carload or heif ers, which are badly needed today in Oregon, were shlpRed from Roseburg to Fresno. These heifers should never have been allowed to leave the state, and if Mr. HIrschberg's example is generally followed, there will be a de mand hereafter for all the young stock the state can produce. What has been done In California can be accomplished in Oregon with far less energy, as the conditions for dairying are far more favorable here. It Is to be hoped that the seed sown - by the Independence banker will bear fruit and that it will soon, be as much a part of the busi ness of the country banker to lend money to stock the pastures as to fur nish funds with which to harvest the crops. , DESERVES ENCOURAGEMENT. The race meeting to be held In this city today should draw a good crowd, not only because the proceeds of the affair are to 'be devoted to a most wor thy Object, but because the events as arranged promise good, clean sport, which should be encouraged. Horsfr raclng Is older than civilization. As a tribute to the regal character of the .di version, it has been known as the "sport of Kings" since the days wften Kings supplanted the chiefs who ruled over the scattered bands of people who wan dered up and down the earth in the days of savagery. The literature of all ages and of all people pays frequent tribute to the noblest creation in the animal world. Whether It was the big charger, with his "neck clothed with thunder," rushing into the heat of bat tle, the clean-limbed racer bearing a young Lochlnvar and his lady love be yond the reach of the pursuing Nemesis, the handsome Arabians dragging the chariot of a Ben'Hur to. victory,' or the hardy mustang of the prairie speeding for help against" the invading redskins, the horse in literature and history, Jlk'e the poor, has been "always with us." The horse has always shown a- will ingness to co-operate with mankind in affording the public honest sport. The love for racing is In his blood, and the average thoroughbred takes as keen a delight In galloping over a;course as can possibly be afforded the spectators. Unfortunately for the horse as well as for his admirers, the greedy of man has almost ruined horse-racing 'as an honest sport "Of what Interest can be a horse race?" asked a far Eastern po tentate whose sluggish ljlood had never had a chance to move faster as he viewed a contest between thorough breds, 'for any one should know that some horse are faster than others." The gamblers, who have ruined Taclng might go a step farther In these days of crooked jockeys, electric saddles, "dope" and other nefarious devices, and wonder what interest there could be In a race which was fixed so that the faster horse was to be beaten. However, when rac ing is taken up for pure love of the sport, as is the case with the Portland Hunt Club, there is yet a chance for the re-establisliment of the sport inpopular favor In this city. There will be no long waits between heats for the benefit of the poolbox, for the poolbox will not be there. There will be no division of purses as an inducement for a fast horse to be distanced by a slow one. In short, the contests will all be on their merits, and it is sport of this class only which will restore horse-racing to its proper level in this city and state. The breeding and development of fine horses has added vast sums to the wealth of this state, and there is noth ing like a well-conducted race meeting to awaken an interest in the Industry For this reason, also, It Is to be hoped that the meet at Irvington Park today will have a patronage in keeping with the worthy object for which it is given. SHEEP A"VD THE FORESTS. To the current number of the Forum Early Vernon Wilcox contributes an article in reply to an article on "Sheep and the Forest Reserves," by C S New hall, printed in the Forum for Febru ary, 1901, in which sheep were .con demned as an unmitigated nuisance when grazing on forest land. ' Mr. Wil cox disputes the arguments and con clusions of Mr. Newhall as not of uni versal application, .but as a rule appli cable to special or local conditions only. The observations of Mr. Newhall were made chiefly in California, but Mr. Wilcox holds that those arguments against sheep-grazing do not hold true for forest reserves In Montana, Idaho or Wyoming". Mr. Wilcox, replying to the charge that sheep eat and tread the country bare, says that sheep seldom, If ever, graze in the timber, or even under the shrubs, in any of the forest land of Montana. Most of the sheepraisers in Montana direct their herders not to al low the sheep to graze in timber areas, on account of their liability to get lost. The stockraisers of Montana regard the forage conditions of the range as good, and In many instances better than dur ing the days when stockraislng was a new Industry. Mr. Wilcox denies the contention that the grass is destroyed by the trampling of the sheep's sharp hoof, but holds, on the contrary, that the sod of ranges which is frequently overrun by large bands of sheep is denser and yields a greater amount of forage than sod in its natural condition on the range, and that sheep do not kill native grass by trampling or by eating it To the charge that sheep are indirectly respon sible for forest fires, Mr. Wilcox points out that one evident means by which fire can sweep through large areas of forest is removed by the eating and trampling down of coarse, herbaceous growth, and the consequent formation of a sod of short grass in the open park areas which ate found throughout for est regions. Sheep do this more effect ively than other animals in many local ities, and they encroach to the least possible extent on the neighboring for est areas. In Montana the natural areas o forest growth are not those upon Which sheep graze, and no sbeep- jfiiEer in Montana .is disposed to com- -plaln of any limits set to liis .steep tfahge by natural forest areas. Mr. Wilcox's own observations in Montana do not corroborate the charge of Mr. Newhall that sheepralsers: and. 3heepherders deliberately set fire to forest areas for the purpose of burning .off trees and allowintr the grass to grow. The camp ou I of the sheep herder in the mountain ranges of Mon tana includes, almost without excep tion, a small sheet-iron stove, and campflres are rarely built under any circumstances. Furthermore, sheep men are deeply Interested in the pre--vention of fires in forest areas, since sheep are the most helpless of all crea tures In case of fire, and are therefore most apt to bg destroyed. The vast majority of forest fires he imputes' to the carelessness of tourists, hunters and trappers, who are less easily watched and controlled than sheep herders. A forest patrol can readily locate a herder with a large band of sheep, whose movements are slow and whose trail is easily followed. Hunters and tourists travel with a small outfit, go where .sheep would not be taken, have no well-planned route, and almost invariably build large camp fires, which are left smoldering after the party has broken camp. Mr. Wilcox holds that no evidence has been presented to show that in states like Montana, Idaho and Wyo ming the sheepraisers have abused their privileges, or that sheep have actually done any damage upon' the for est reservation. No injury to these for est areas has been thus far found which could be attributed to sheep-grazing. The maintenance of a slow and gradual flow of water from the mountains de scends fully as much upon the presence of good sod full of grass roots as upon the presence of trees. Some of the steepest of mountain slopes are well covered with grass, although unpro tected by tree growths. In Montana the continued grazing by sheep brings about the gradual extermination of all weeds except a few not regularly eaten by those animals. The grasses, native and Introduce!, endure continued crop ping better than most plants, and come to occupy the ground as the weeds are gradually exterminated by the sheep. The- majority of the sheepralsers In Montana would be glad to co-operate with the Government in maintaining the forest reservations In their pres ent condition, in preventing fires, in protecting timber in other ways, and in preventing any evil effects of over grazing. The observations made by Mr. Wilcox during his four years' resi dence in Montana convince him that no deterioration can be found In any mountain range where sheep were grazed. . The work of mischief-breeders in Al bany has terminated, as threatened for several days, in death through the re sistance of lawless men to the power of the state, exercised for the protec tion of its citizens and their prop erty. The situation In that city, so graphically described in the reports of the Associated Press and scattered broadcast oyer the country, is suffi ciently appalling, as It would seem, to warn workingmen and employers alike in the various places where strikes are threatened and strife Is brewing; of their duty to avoid by reasonable con cession a cllmai In" which all the forces of mischief meet tjnd contend for mas tery. What is now occurring In Al bany, it may be'remerobered, occurred in Cleveland two years ago, leaving behind the inevitable consequences of death, loss of wages, destruction of property and bitter hatred. Violence and -its far-reaching consequences will be duplicated from time to time as long as masters and men refuse to be gov erned by the principles of justice In their dealing with each other in Indus trial fife. Albany today presents an object-lesson In violence born of un reason, which the chafing forces of in dustiy may at this time well pause and contemplate, with honest purpose to shun its reproduction in their own localities. We weep- for. Aguinaldo, in disgrace. Gave his "consent," -and. not only that, but gave it to the enemy! Can he ever more bear hlmself'Wlth that noble cri terion at JLindohV Neb,? Gave "his "consent"! Could! he have done a' more heinous crime against the household gods of anti-ism. Indeed, the Lars and Lemures moan -with midnight plaint. If wp mistake "not 'his abjuration of the faith should expel him even with out formal adp from ther faculty, of the anti Institute For a. faithful ant! to yield to anything -with the'alcL-or con sent of any nation1 on earth, would seem to be the crest of opprobrium. But' for him to cast down one of the sacred principles of his order in such fashion Is the crest unto the crest of Infamy aside from the flagrant viola tion of fraternal etiquette. A plague upon him! Let Aguinaldo bag his head and never more look an honest antl in the face. ' The death of David Steel will recall to the few who have been connected with newspaper work in this city for a third of a century a past era In jour- ' nalism with which the deceased was to some extent Identified. Never a force ful, but always a genial, man, and faithful In the performance of his al lotted duty, David Steel was for many years a familiar figure upon the streets in the capacity of advertising solicitor and collector. His health compelled him in early life to abandon the con finement of the printing office, to the work of Which he was in early life ac customed. For some years past he has led a retired life, apart from Its active duties, but retaining throughout all of the vicissitudes that came to him the character of a kindly, honorable, up right man. The "oldest Mason" In Oregon bids fair to become a noun of multitude, rivaling In number the "first child born of white parents" within the limits of 'the state. The distinctions of accident do not amount to much as historical events, but men are not lacking who take pleasure or pride in and seek to make the most or them. Mrs. Nation will appeal her case be cause there were anarchists pn the jury which convicted her. Anarchy among anarchists is the ne plus ultra of an archy, indeed If the President had taken the north ern route Instead or the southern, he would not only have seen the Pacific Coast, but would not be In his present pickle. Conditions in China must be deplor able when the only peace is that within range of the rifles of the aUle3, PHILIPPINES Ci'RKBNCY. - '-SJew TTorlc Evening Post. Sound Currency furnishes an interesting documentary history of the monetary sit uation in the, Philippines, complied by L. Carroll Root from official reports on the subject Conditions in the islands ara not immediately alarming and are likely to present technical difficulties rather than large questions of theory, yet It is easy to see how Congress might make a bad mess of the .matter If It should pursue its former policy of "going It blind" on cur rency questions. When the United States first took over the islands, It found there a silver standard which had succeeded a nominal gold standard about 1875, short ly after the first downward rush in the price of silver. Gold was driven out by the Mexican dollar, which was preferred to gold on account of Its greater bulk and suitability for the business or tne people. The use of such dollars was legalised Jn 1S76, those In circulation being made a legal tender, although further importa tions of them were forbidden the follow ing year. . At the time of the American occupation, therefore, there was no gold in circula tion in the Islands, and the standard was an arbitrary one, the dollar fluctuating in value partly with the price of silver bul lion and ., partly with local demand and supply. The prohibition on importing Mexican dollars was abolished almost im mediately after the advent of the Ameri can troops in Manila, in consequence of representations made by local banks con cerning the Increased need'ofcoIn pro duced by the greater volume of business. In consideration of the permission to im port, the banks guaranteed a- rate ot ex change not worse than $2 Mexican for $1 United States. Prior to July; 1900, the banks were not called upon to maintain their guarantee, for the Mexicans re mained from 1 to 7 cents less valuable than the ratio of 2 to 1. Late in July the American dollar was quoted at only $1 98 In Mexican money, and this decline in price led to a discrimination against American currency on the part of the na tives, which was only partly remedied by an arrangement, effected by, the PhiHp-" pine Commission, for the exchange of Mexican dollars against those of the United States at the rate of 2 to 1, and a duty of 10 per cent on the export of the latter. There -are four proposed methods'" of dealing with the question. The first 1b" the familiar bimetallic policy. Waiving for the present the danger and wrong of pressing down a crown of thorns upon the Filipino brow, it is clear that any effort to maintain Mexican dollars at a ?3 par ity with our own might be a very danger-, ous undertaking, and -that blmetallsm cannot be thought of for an Instant. In asmuch as Mexico Is a free-coinage coun try, the United States would be practi cally offering to maintain the world's product of silver at a certain price, pro vided only" that It had passed through the Mexican mlntt The commission's efforts to "keep the ratio steady" in the Philip pines have already been expensive and very troublesome. Nor would a second proposed plan the rough-and-ready meth od of merely extending our system to the Philippines, without change of unit1 he exactly fair. .In. an unprogresslve country like "the Philippines, it would take a long time to readjust the scale of prices and wages In terms of a unit twice as large as that hitherto prevailing. The third and fourth modes of dealing with the problem are the establishment of a gold standard, with a unit corre sponding to the peso (Mexican dollar), or with, in other words, something like half as much as the present American dollar, and the policy of "open mints" in the Philippines, which implies the acceptance of a single sliver standard, with free coinage, but without obligation to re deem. The latter suggestion has perhaps been most widely approved. P7ut It should be observed that the old confusion, of which we are all heartily tired, but which seems to be Inevitable w"henaver mone tary discussion Is aroused, between a "gold standard and a gold medium of exchange tacitly underlies jiearly all the statements on the subject In considering the rela tive advantages of silver and gold aa standards the theoretical arguments are too familiar to need much discussion. It is enough to s"ay that the retention of the silver standard would carry with it all of the usual disadvantages fluctuating par of exchange, Instability of value, etc. The commission Itself admits that "as long as the principal currency of the islands Is Mexican money, the ratio of ex change between it and United States money will be subject to constant fluctu ation. . . . Every such fluctuation op erates to the injury of all business Inter ests except that of' the local banks and speculators In currency." The situation Is much like that which existed a few years ago In Japan. The gold yen and the silver yen were of equal value in 1875.. The subsequent decline of silver caused gold to pass out. of circu lation. In 1897 sliver had fallen to one half its former value. The goUi yen had ueen-pui ut circmuuun inure uiuu aj years. It was unknown to the common people; When used at all, Jt passed as the equiva lent of two silver yen. The government adopted the gold standard and toOk the yen for the unit of value, but did not coin any gold pieces of one yen. The smaJTest gold coin is the piece of five )yen, aproxlmately equal to our quarter eagl?. Then the government made sil ver subsidiary to gold and legal tender for only 10 yen. In this way all the evils of the currency system were cured In a very short time, and without pro ducing any commercial confusion. The experience of Japan points the way to currency reform in the Philippines, but it Implies that the Mexican dollar "must go," and a Philippine silver coinage must take its place. But gold should be made the Standard, in order to avoid the diffi culties that India has suffered and is Just now emerging from. The argument for preserving the silver standard pro ceeds either from those classes which, as Ihe commission suggests, are interested in its retention that Is, who profit from Its fluctuations-jor from unlnstructed pub lic officials like Paymaster Bates, who, speaking of a proposed free, coinage of Philippine silver, magnlloquently says that It would "gratify the pride of the natives and tend to cultivate among them a national spirit and untlmately a feeling of gratitude toward this country." The sooner we get away from our present precarious position as the possible re deemer of Innumerable Mexican dollars, the better. Policy of .Perpetual Amendment. New York Journal of .Commerce. Announcement that Senator Frye will rewrite the subsidy bill Is made imme diately after Mr Morgan's contract to purchase the Leyland fleet. It will sur prise no one who has wptched that re markable bill's history. No bill was ever rewritten so much. Every time opposi tion developed to It it was amended with a view to bringing In a new Interest to support it. We are nH aware that Mr Morgan desires any subsidy, but if he did not it would not deter the promoters of the bill from manifesting solicitude to protect his interests, no matter how In different to them he may be himself. Mr. James J. Hill gave an Interview in which he expressed an unfavorable view of subsidies and intimated that he needed nothing of the kind, but the bill was at once amended so as to take In the fleet . he Is building for the Pacific ser Ice. Penally Pnld by Speculators. Atlanta Constitution. Every man still earns his living by the sweat of his brow. If not literally, at least figuratively. Those that- have en countered success In speculating have spent many sleepless nights and days of racking mental torture In the effort. How many hundreds have gained success only to discover that they have hopelessly wrecked brain and body and that the !1 gold is but o. mocking forerunner of pre mature death? MA.NNEKS OF NEW YORKERS, Baltimore Sun. A. -few "3Torlc contemporary contrasts. thfr manners of the citizens of that great agregatiol with those of people in more cultivated communities, and makes some thing of an apology. It tells- of the meet lngr of a courtly old gentleman from Ken tucky with a courtly old gentleman from Boston in a Broadway car. While these old fellows were bowing each other out of the door of the car passengers were ob structed, the car stopped and there was? almost a blockade on Broadway This is probably somewhat exaggerated; nevertheless, too much manners and too much eftusiveness ar extremelv tedious rand tiresome. The spectacle of any man ners at all except bad manners wquux naturally excite comment in New York. Our contemporary apologizes for New York behavior as follows: ''It Is a mistake to suppose that we have not our own code of courtesy. It is the principle of keeping out of every body else's way and never wasting anj body's time. You rush ahead: or our neighbor on the street. Good. You would keep him longer If you did not You do not beg his pardon before you ask him for a match; you would take more of his time and attention If you did., you are not likely to accost him pleasantly In a public place; he may have millions of dollars on his mind and no rooom there for the entertainment of any foolish com mept of jours on the weather. You do not expect the conductor to stop the car altogether in order that ou may board it This marvelous celerity of movement in New York must go on for the general ad vantage. Every other man must have the right to proceed instantly about his busi ness which you yourse.lt demand." In this general desire to get out of everybody's way the New Yorker is not always successful. In the mad ru3h and senseless stampede to be first everywhere women are Jostled and pushed aside and almost trampled upon Few will take the trouble to answer a civil question. In Baltimore and Washington gentlemen stand aside to permit women to g0 ahead of them into the street car or the steam car. The New Yorker, If he sees a woman getting into a car ahead of him, as a rule does not hesitate to push her along or get past her, If he can. New York people, like those of Chicago, seenr to take pride in always rushing like wild Texad cattle 4n a stampede. A life in these conditions presents few attractions to a placid mina ii i Petroleum Refnae in Russia. Contemporary Review. The prices of Baku petroleum, ostatki and mazoot mdzoot Is the refuse used in furnaces in lleu'of coal have gone up sim ply because certain foreign shareholders were bent on raising them artificially. Prices were odow a few years back that Lrallways and steamers adopted mazoot w preterence to wwu iu, aim ncui u " expense or naving special oouers mime iur the purpose. Once grown Indispensable. mazoot was artificially made more cosuy. and the public Is now forced to pay vast sums to enrich a group of capitalists whose pursuit of gain is undoubtedly le gitimate, but scarcely moderate. The nominal price of Nobel's shares, for in stance, is 5000 rubles. In 189$ the com pany paid a dividend of 600 rubles on each snare; in JS39 it was sw ruoiesi xue u lnal value of the shares of the Caspian Company Is 1000 rubles. In 1S9S they paid n. dividend of 430 rubles a share, and In 1899 it was 7S0 rubles! The 1000-ruble share of that eomnany is now valued at,biou ru bles. The Baku Naphtha Company's share has a nominal value oT 100 rumes. -lis dividend in 1898 was 38 rubles; In 1899 it was 50 rubles. The share now costs 645 rubles. But these heavy gains are pur chased at the cost of a great trade de pression. The steamship companies on the Volga which consume mazoot assured me that the evil done was disproportion ately Intense and widespread. The shares of the Steamship Company Caucasus and Mercury fell from 523 rubles, in 1894 to UO ..io vtTirwn thn 6th and 19th Of Feb ruary, 1901- This iB-lntelHsMeaSM representatives of tne ssieamsmp uumyanj Nadeshda, which also employs mazoot Instead of wood, told- me last May that they require some 7,000,000 poods a year of this mineral fuel, It used to cost them from 11 to 12 copecks a pood at Nlshnl Novgorod. At present they have to pay from 2S to 29 copeksi The director of some works at Tsartsln complained re cently that on mazoot alone he Is forced to expend 300,000 rubles a year more than before for the same quantity. It has al ready become a question whether the steamere and railways can long continue tq employ mazoot instead of wood. The administration of the Kazan Railway has replied In the negative, and have now had fireboxes made for wood fuel, which they will henceforth burn Jp Heu of min eral refuse. ' Iteaponalbllltr at Great Wealth. New York Times, i It Is modern doctrine of wide and nntnntiv wider acceptance that the greatest nations must not go to war with each other. The new Titans of finance in this country must submit themselves to the same canon of reason or ways will be found to make them submit. The powers they wield are so Vast that their use under the conditions of rage and blazing rivalry Is Inevitably accompanied by In jury to other persons'than the Immediate combatants. In short, It may be said that a pile of cash measuring some hund reds of mllions is Impressed with a pub lic Interest and may not be employed like mere pocket money at the caprice and liking of . Its owner. Where Speculation Tends. Indianapolis Sentinel. Watch the record of embezzlements and defalcations and see how many of them are due to "Investments" in stocks, or grain, or something else. For the laet SO or 40 years this speculative mania has been growing up under the name of bus iness and the result is that it has per meated every corner of the country. The people who lose are not as much In evidence as those who win. They are not advertised Jn the papers. But If they were all known they would be vastly more conspicuous than the win ners, for there are vastly more of them. It takes a -great many losers to make a millionaire winner. Stood on the Plyatform. New York "World. In his Commoner Mr. Bryan repeats his cenoure of Mr. Cleveland for forcing the repeal of the Sherman Silver-Purchase law. But the national Democratic plat form of, 1892, upon which Mr- Cleveland was elected, said: "We denounce the Re publican legislation known as the Sher man act of JS90 as a cowardly makeshift, fraught with possibilities of danger to the future, which should make all Its sup porters, aa well as its author, anxious for Its repeal." The possibilities became certainties, and President Cleveland did no worthier act than that fulfilling the pledge of his party to secure the repeal of this mischievous law. Cool an' Green. Frank L. Stanton In Atlanta Constitution. Oh, the Georgia watermelon Isa-grqwln cool an green An'U soon be pulHn heay at the stem. An the knife it needs a. whettln', an the blade Is gittln' keen Oh, the Georgia watermelon is a gem! An' lt'a "Oh, my honey! "What I ekeer fer money, W'en de Georgy melon smilin' In de weather bright en sunny?" The sun is gittln hotter cllmbln higher In the blue. ' The hot Band Is a hllsterln' yer feet; But the Geonria watermelon's lookin' witch- In'ly at sou. An' you're thinkin' o" the Juice a-drippln f sweet! An' it's "Oh, my honey! What I keer fer money, When de Georgy melon amllla' In de weather brlsbt n Bynnjl " 40TE AND COMMENT. Colonel Rcosevelt reads the news from Albany and tne- shelf seem verse hard- Minister Wu ought to hurry Up and get his "book written so it can be dramatised In time for next season. Owing -to his limited stay In that.cllyv It was Impossible to recelva the President on the customary Sa.n Jose scale. Jail prisoners do not think, that confine ment lessens crime, but they must admit that it puts a temporary Injunction on It, 'i.he Secretary of Agriculture will never know how much he didn't find out about Summer fallowing by not coming- tot Ore gon. How Is the scientist who asserts that stars $lve out heat going to account for-" the severe frosts so common in all the tncaters? A Chicago policeman recently shot, a, practical joker. sHow long since Chicago policemen have held commissions to act as understudy for the foOlkiller? The breast of the KentucHIaa . WKh sad emotion swell To think petroleum Instead Of whisky flow3 from well 9 Now that Aguinaldo is well In hand, all that remains for human achievement is to acquire Dewet, the North Pole, and the control of the Northern Pacific. 'TIs sweet to hear the honest watchdog' bark Bay dfep-mouthed anser by the orchard feneev When we. In swift conclusion of a lark. Hate had a hunch, and safely hied us hence. De Caslellane has appendicitis, but the Goul'ts can afford to pay a few million dollars for an operation,, provided they have a thqrough understanding" with the surgeon beforehand. There are a few things J. P. Morgan.,, doesn't know yet about finance, but he will have an opportunity to learn them as soon as the High School graduates get their orations prepared. " This is a aueer old rhyme which Is quite contrary In sense, as you read It across running the lines together: I always did Intend To take to me a wife. Single my lite to spendtWould jrrleve my very life. It much dellshteth melTo think upon a bride. To live from womanI can't be satisfied. free, The female to my mindjThe Joy I can t express, I ne'er expect to find. iSo great In singleness. A bachelor to lle ii neer could agree My mind I freely give.A married man to be. There is a spice of mischief in one story told of the late bishop of Oxford. Dr. Stubbs was auditing the accounts of a na tional, that is to say, a sectarian, school. Among the Items was a charge of a0 for an "occasional monitor." The bishop was asked by one of those present at the audit what an. "occasional monitor" was. "I suppose that 13 the Nonconformist con-1 science," replied the bishop, with a smile. A reader of The Oregonlan has found the following Ingenious rhymes in ah old scrapbook, and sends them to The Ore gonlan that they may give the same pleasure to others that they have to hfm. Most people believe the following lines should be read as they are printed; but a crusty old bachelor reads the first and third, and second and fourth lines to-, gether; The man must lead a happy life r Who is directed by hU wife; Who's free from matrimonial chains Ii sure to suffer for hla pains. Adam could find- no real peace Until he saw a woman's facets. When Eve was given for actuate,. .dxim waslirya happySeirs Y ff v. nMfT Kan nnrul4p U UJi Hie 4CMM4.V . "- JC.' Truth, darling of a heart sincere. - xiypocrxajr. ucccii. auu pnur Ne'er known In woman to reside. . What tongue la able to unfold t The worth In woman we behold? The falsehopda that in women dwell Is almost Imperceptible. Hanged be the foolish man. I say. Who will not yield ter woman's sway! AVho changes from his singleness la sure of perfect blessedness. Concerning the the production and dis position of "Eben Holden," Irving Bach eller tells the following 3toryr "Being, thrown out of newspaper employment, hls-w-ife urged him to try something In a 1UJ' erary way. "So I was a literary man for Just 30 days," said Mr. Bacheller. "In that time I produced 30,000 words. It Was the first part of 'Eben Holden,' as ltfi now stands. That Is. 'Eben Holden Is the original story that I wrote' then, with 60, noo more words tacked on to It I sent" my story, which I then called 'Uncle Ed, to Harper's Round Table, the Youth'3" Companion and St Nicholas. They re- -Jected it with delightful unanimity- In December a year ago a friend of mine connected with my Boston publisher wrote to me and told me that the firm was looking for a good novel. He thought L was the man to write it, for he had al ways believed that I had such talent con- cealed about me somewhe7elrf Tn'ejP'made a proposition to me and I accepted It I dug down Into my trunk and took 'Uncle Eb,' which had been so unanimously sat, upon, sneered at, and rejected by three other publishing houses. I added 60,000 1 words to it. and there ou are," i PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS Close Work Gladys Did he klsa you by surprise? Ethel Dear me, yes I Why, I hard ly had time to pucker up my Upa! Judge. Changing Names. "If I had a name as , homely aa Keturah'a I'd change it." "Non sense. It isn't her front name a girl worries about." Cleveland Plain Dealer. His Devotions Fanny You bad boy! I don't believe you ever pray. Tommy Yes I do. I. thank the Ijrd every night and morning that I ain't a girl. Chicago Tribune. Literary. "How do you got on with your, literary work, old man?" "Oh. famously! I hae Invented an extremely silly attitude In which to be photographed for the literary pe riodicals, and hava now only to write sqmo thing." Detroit Journal. It's Woman's Way. "You're working over that telegram pretty hard Is It too long?" "Oh, dear, no," replied the swe'et young thing. "It's only nine words, and I'm trying to work' In another word without changing the mean ing." Chicago Evening1 Post. Hope for the Future Teas Poor Polly Stout! Her rich aunt has left her a handsome sealskin coat, and she flnd3 It soveral slaes too small for hen Jess Oh, It'll lit her riaxt Winter. She'll worry herself thin over it by that time Philadelphia Press. "We had a fire at our house, and tho serv ant girl was nearly burned to death."" "Light ing the Are with kerosene, eh?" "No: it waa a defective flue. You te, I yeHed to the girl to get out as soon as we discovered the Are. hut she said she wouldn't leave without two weeks' notice." Philadelphia Record. Breaking It Gently. Clergyman (after being rescued from the shipwreck) Mr. Smith, did I really appear scared when we thought all would be lost? Mr. Smith I can't say that you were scared, but for a man who has been trying o get to heaven an these years you appeared most reluctant to accept the oppor tunity. Harper's Bazar. A Sunday-school superintendent, who hap pened to b a dry goods merchant, and who was teaching a class of very little tots, asked when he had finished explaining the lesson: "Now haa any one, a question to ask?"' A very small girt raised her hand. "What la It, Mar tha?" a3ked tne superintendent. "Why. Mr. I Brooks, how much are those little red parasols in your window!" said Martha. Current Wt- 1 erasure. rrmfctiam' ' vmmrfLir M - - '