THE HORNING ORECiONIAN, MONDAY, MAT 13, 1901.
AGOOD CHARTER'S WORK
XESSOKS JET- MUNICIPAL GOVERJf.
ME3TT FEOM SAX :FItA3fCISCO.
InfornusUon of Value -to All Cities
Contemplating, Creation of
JicvF- Charters.
ROCHESTER, 2. X., ilay 1L At the an
nual meeting of the National Municipal
League, which closed Its sessions In this
city; yesterday, the following paper was
Tead-by-jflllchard Freud, on the munici
pal affairs of San Francisco under its
new charter;
"The end of next month closes the first
fiscal year under the new charter of San
Francisco. A fair survey of the first
year's work may now he taken. A bal
ance In the municipal ledger account may
be- struck. A brief review of the Initial
working of the new organic law will give
.some estimate of Its future operation.
'During the past year the municipal
gox'ernment of San Francisco has under
gone a complete revolution. From the
obsolete consolidation act. created In 1856,
fo the freeholders' charter of 1900 marks
jr. radical transformation. The former
'legislative statute dominated the mu
nicipality for nearly a halt century. It
had become intimately interwoven and
solidly Imbedded In the civic fabric.
"'Ji. freeholders' charter in California is
the essence of municipal sovereignty.
Home rule for cities was firmly recognized
-And promulgated in the state constitution
adopted in 1879. Subsequent constitution
al amendments have so extended this
principle as to enable communities to
govern and regulate their own affairs.
After four Ineffectual attempts, Ban Fran
cisco at last secured an organic law that
granted municipal Independence.
"The road of progress in San Fran
cisco, as everywhere else, confirms the
truism that the old never yields to the
new without a struggle. Irag-establlshed
policies of government and forms of ad
ministration will not readily succumb.
Conditions that have saturated the mu
nicipal fiber for many years can hardly
be expected to yield instantly or volun
tarily. Obstinate and defiant, the powers
that swayed the government of San Fran
cisco for decades sought to thwart the
introduction of the new organic law.
"The first line of attack was to break
down the entire charter through the in
strumentality of the courts. At the very
outset, a suit was brought to test the
constitutionality of the charter as a whole.
After elaborate arguments, the Superior
Court of this city and the Supreme Court
of the state decided that the charter of
San Francisco was prepared, ratified and
approved in accordance with the consti
tution of California, As a whole ts con
stitutionality and validity were thu firm
ly established. .
"Falling in their determlnatlB?Xde
stroy the entire charter. Its opponents
then decided to break it to pieces. From
various sides, unsupported charges were
hurled against the operation of the new
law. By indiscriminate abuse, It was
sought to discredit the instrument. Una
voidable errors were magnified into ap
palling blunders. The difficulties Insep
arable from the Inauguration of any new
organic act were exaggerated into In
surmountable obstacles.
'"Confronted with such fierce antagon
ism, the first administration under tne
new charter has had an arduous and try
ing task. Under the most favorable cir
cumstances, it would require a high de
gree of political sagacity to put Into
effect an organic law without considerable
friction. Thirty-two commissioners had
to be appointed at once to conduct the
affairs of the eight commissions provided
in the charter. Novel conditions arose
and intricate problems had to be solved.
"A complete reorganization jof the Po
Jice and Ffce Departments "was Impera
tive. The elective Board of Education,
composed of 12 members, was changed to
an appointive board of four School Di
rectors. A Department of Public Works
with three appointed Commissioners was
created. Nearly every branch of the
city government was placed under the
merit system. The foregoing will serve
to illustrate some of the radical changes
wrought by the new charter.
"One of the noticeable features of the
charter that has worked admirably Is
the new method of selecting the City
Council. The board of 12 supervisors, se
lected from districts and possessing mixed
legislative and executive powers, was
supplanted by a board of 18 supervisors,
elected by the city at large, and strictly
confined to legislative functions. This
change has not only improved the per
sonnel of the board, but has brought
about a vast improvement in its proceed
ings. There has not been the slightest
suspicion of wrong doing. The rights
of the municipality nave been safeguard
ed in dealing with the quasi public cor
porations that control the public utilities
of San Francisco.
"The article on finance and taxation In
the charter deserves special mention for
its excellent results. The dollar limit
of taxation for municipal purposes has
been strictly observed. Each fund has
been Inviolate for its specific objects. No
diversion of funds has been permitted.
Each department has kept within its al
lotted appropriation, while many depart
ments show an actual surplus. The total
surplus this fiscal year will reach $480,000,
of which atjleast $100,000 has been saved
by the mMM the cty govern
ment out oi ihelfitaspectlve appropria
tions. This fact speaks volumes In favor
of the financial provisions of the char
ter, as well as for the Integrity of the
various heads of the departments. Un
der the previous consolidation act, un
welcome deficits faced the municipality
at the expiration of each fiscal year. Now.
the dollar rate of taxation is upheld, and
yet a handsome surplus greets the tax
payers of the city.
"A Just criticism of the administration
of the present Board of Public Works and
Board of Health Is their appointment In
some cases of superfluous deputies and
clerks. As a general rule, the charter
specifies the classes of employment and
limits the number of subordinates In each
department of the city government. Not
being possible to anticipate the exact
requirements of these two departments,
the charter permitted them to create such
classes and appoint such subordinates as
they might deem necessary within the
limit of their respective aproprlatlons.
As a necessary precaution, however, it
was provided that all permanent appoint
ments shall'be subject to civil service and
that the temporary appointments to be
valid must receive thS approval of the
Civil Service Commissioners. Believing
some of the temporary appointments in
these two departments unnecessary, the
Civil Service Commission disapproved o
them; but, unfortunately, its contention
nas not been sustained. The cause of
this criticism will In time be removed
by the certification of permanent civil
service eliglbles for each position.
"The recent decision of the Supreme
Court of California against the validity
of the municipal bonds, favorably voted
upon in December, 1S99, by the electors of
San Francisco, has been a keen disap
pointment. Preparations were ready to
expend JU.(K!5.000 -In constructing 17 new
schoolhouses, perfecting the sewer and
drainage system, erecting a needed hos
pital and extending the park area of the
cits. These improvements will now have
to wait until another special election is
called and the requisite two-thirds vote
secured. The decision of the Supreme
Court will not prove an unmixed evil, for
it emphatically points out that the char
ter contains a perfect and complete meth
od for the issuance of municipal bonds
for public improvements. A movement to
this end Is alreadr under way. As the
city nas at present no bonded debt, it is
.now free to incur a municipal Indebted
ness, not exceeding 15 per cent of $400,000,
000, "the total assessed valuation of all
property In the municipality.
"The charter of San Francisco declares
-that Its public utilltiesshaU be gradual
ly acquired and - ultimately ownea ay
the city and county.' , Estimates have
been made of the cost of municipal water
works and electric light plants with a
view of their early submission to the
vote of the people. As -the franchise of
one of the principal street railways of the
city will expire In about a year, San
Francisco may then make an experiment
in Its municipal operation. Public senti
ment Is divided upon the question of the
comparative advantages" of municipal con
trol and operation of public utilities. The
difficulties attending the complete estab
lishment of the merit system accentuate
the doubt upon this subject.
"The most advanced feature of the
charter of San Francisco Is the article
on civil service. Not only does it pro
vide that appointment shall be made up
on merit and promotion for efficiency, but
it forbids removal except for good cause
after a public trial. The impartial en
forcement of the civil serviee article
caused widespread consternation in the
ranks of the spoils hunters. Every con
ceivable device nas been utilized to de
stroy the operation of the civil service
provisions of the charter. - Injunctions,
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REV. E. W. CASWEMi IX SEW YORK.
F.pv. Dr. 33. "W. Caswell, the new pastor of tho Beetanan Hill Methodist
Episcopal Church, New York City, Is said to have taken part In the building
of more churches and parsonages than any other Methodist minister living,
having had a share In the erection of more than 50 of these buildings. He
has spent the greater part of his ministry in the "West, where church-builders
are much In demand, says the New Tork Commercial Advertiser. Dr. Cas
well was born in Herkimer County, and was educated In Felly Seminary and
Cazenovia Seminar-. Ho Joined the "Wyoming conference In 1869. In 1884
he went to Oregon, and was pastor of Grace Church, Portland. In 1887 he was
called to Los Angeles, Cal., where he built the Simpson Tabernacle, costing
$75,000. Afterward he went to Santa Barbara, where a church costing a like
amount was erected. Dr. Caswell was then made presiding elder of the Santa
Barbara district for four years, and of the" San Dfcgo district for the samo
term. Coming East, he became pastor of the Norwich Methodist Church, and
then removed to the "Wilmington Conference for his wife's health. His transfer
to the New Tork East Conference Is regarded with much satisfaction by those
Interested in the. ministerial forces of the city.
i(sieii(tot(t(tt(eeeteotete0(se
mandamuses and restraining orders were
brought In rapid succession. Five dis
tinct suits In various courts were insti
tuted to defeat the operation of the law.
In some the merit system was upheld,
while in others It lost. The Supreme
Court of California has recently handed
down two decisions, one unanimously af
firming the "validity of the municipal
merit system, while the other, signed by
only four of the seven Justices, restrict
ed its jurisdiction to the strictly municipal
departments of the city government. An
amendment to the constitution of the
state will now be necessary. In order that
the civil service jurisdiction may also
Include the so-called 'county officers.' In
the meantime, the citizens of California
will have a splendid opportunity to wit
ness a comparison between the results of
the merit and spoils system. Under civil
service are the departments of police,
fire, health, election and public works.
comprising in all 1600 positions, of which
300 are already filled by civil service eli
glbles. Under the spoils system will be
the offices of the County Clerk, Sheriff,
Assessor, Recorder and Coroner. The two
systems will thus be on trial. "We be
lieve this object lesson will convince the
people of California that the best inter
ests of the state require the early es
tablishment of civil service, not only in
Its municipalities but also in the state
government itself. Thus it Is that the
merit system invariably profits by its
own apparent temporary defeat.
"The student of civic affairs must with
al feel encouraged at the slow but sure
progress of this "Western metropolis to
ward the Ideal In municipal government.
A river cannot rise above its source;
neither can a government go higher than
the people. "When the citizens of a com
munity thoroughly realize that bad gov
ernment means public calamity, good
government will soon appear. It Is grati
fying to witness the healthy growth of
civic pride, courage and patriotism in
San Francisco. The Merchants' Associa
tion has set a worthy example for tbe
emulation of commercial and improve
ment organizations. A strictly municipal
election will be held next November. An
excellent primary election law, passed
by the last Legislature of the state, will
afford ample protection in the nomina
tion of desirable candidates. "With a prop
er exercise of the electoral ballot, the
citizens of San Francisco will have the
opportunity of placing the destiny or
their city government in the hands of
public-spirited officials, who will be loyal
to the best Interests of their city and
true to its organic law.
"No human work is perfect No law
framed by human hands will work with
out friction. Constitutions are but the
handiwork of man. Time and growth are
essential to their smooth and successful
operation. Notwithstanding the minor im
perfections incident to Its Initiation, the
first year's trial of the charter of San
Francisco vindicates the promises of its
advocates and justifies the expectations
of its friends."
PERSONAL MENTION.
H. H. Eaton, a Seattle lawyer, Is reg
istered at the Portland.
S. M. Irwin, of Seattle, who is con
nected with the "White Pass & Yukon
Railway, is at the Portland.
E. E. Cushman. of Tacoma, assistant
United States District Attorney for
"Washington, Is registered at the Imperial.
Mr. Cushman Is a brother of Congress
man Francis 'W. Cushman.
NEW" TORK, May 12. Northwest peo
ple registered at New York hotels today
as follows:
From Portland B. S. Payne, at the Ash
land; J. T. Bourgelss. at the Gllsey.
From Spokane M. N. Belrs, at the Hoffman
HIGHEST llf ITS- HISTORY
GOLD FUJfD"OF TREASURY DEPART
' 3IEXT. ;'
Far Exceeds That of Any Otlier.Sa-
tlon Dispels Free-Silver Theory,
and Shows Prosperity.
WASHINGTON, May 5. Never before
has the gold fund of the Treasury Depart
ment made such a magnificent showing as
in the past few weeks. There has been
a steady climb in the sum total of this
fund, and Treasury officials have .been
congratulating themselves upon holding
the largest gold reserve of any nation, on
earth. United States Treasurer Roberts,
In commenting upon this flattering con
dition of affairs the other day, aid:
'The gold fund in the Treasury amounts
to $561,469,468. This is made up as fol-
lows: Reserve fund, $150,000,000; held
against gold certificates, $283,441,989, and
the general fund, $08,027,479. This total
Includes both coin and bullion, and the
average- fund held during the past month
has been the highest in the history of
the Government. The highest figure ever
attained by the fund was reached on Anril
24 of this year, when the total was $502,
173,119. The diminution since then has
been a little less than $1,000,000, and, of
course, there is virtually no significance
in the drop. "When it is considered that
six or seven years ago 'this fund amounted
to a sum less than $100,000,000, the exact
amount now held can be better appreci
ated. "When the fund was ebbing at that
time it was found necessary by the Na
tional Administration to issue bonds to
stay the inroads which were being made
upon It, due to demands for gold from the
money centers, asd it was not without
Involving the Government in considerable
debt that the fund was maintained at the
lowest figure permlssable. There is not
a country on the face of the earth which
holds so much gold in its treasury as the
United States now has in Its coffers. Rus
sia, England, France and other great
money powers of Europe have from time
to time held amounts of commensurate
value in their treasuries, but at the pres
ent time we have any and all of them
beaten by a large margin.
What Is. to be deduced from these re
markable figures? In the first nla thov
show that the revenues of the Government
are Demg paid largely in gold, and, what
is of much greater importance, that that
metal Is becoming more and more the cur
rency of the Nation as the amount in
creases, and is made part of the assets of
the Government. Here Is a lesson to the
free-silver advocates. The cry has all
along been that there was not enough gold
in the world to justify the nations in
adopting the gold standard. The figures
certainly justify the gold-standard law.
and prove that there is a sufficiency of
the yellow metal to comply with all the
demands of National and international
business. The figures likewise show that
this country holds, by far the largest gold
fund in the world," while at the same time
it is importing a good proportion of the
metal from abroad. It is true that the
bulk of the gold comes from the Cripple
Creek region, the Klondike and Alaska
generally, but at the same time Australia
contributes her share to our Treasury. The
figures show that during the year end
ing June 30, 1900, $4,739,306 in gold was
imported from Australia, while during the
eight months ending February 2S, 1901,
the sum of $17,5SS,S65 came into the coun
try from that source. Thus it is shown
that the fund is not made up exclusively
of our own product, but that a goodly
share has come from abroad.
"The most forceful lesson which is
taught by the reserve, however, is the
fact that the country Is enjoying an un
usually marked degree of prosperity. The
gold fund has come to be regarded as the
barometer of National business condi
tions. "When it ebbs business generally is
found to he in bad shape, and when it is
on the flood it is found that the business
interests of the country are' In good shape.
Such is the reading at the present time.
The more gold the more prosperity, and
In view of the fact that the fund has
reached its highest point It Is pretty safe
to assume that the business conditions
now prevailing occupy an unparalleled po
sition in the Industrial history of the coun
try. At present there is nothing to indi
cate that there will be a diminution in
this fund. From present Indications, in
deed, it is likely to maintain Its high fig
ure for an Indefinite period."
Money In Snakes.
Chicago Tribune.
It Is likely to keep the Indiana papers
busy denying the story started by some
Downing, Hopkins & Co.
ESTABLISHED 1S9S.
WHEAT AND STOCK BROKERS
x't
Room 4 Ground Floor
imaginative Easterner to the effect that
Indiana has embarked extensively in the
raising of snakes and the manufacture of
snake oil for the market It will do them
no good to deny it, either. The He Is out
and will stay out. Let Indiana make the
best of it- and go into the snake oil busi
ness. There is money In It.
ADVERTISED.
List of Tfn-alnlxned Letters Remaining
la the Postoflice ai Portland, Or.
Free delivery of letters by carriers at the
residence of owners may be secured, by observ
ing the, following rules: -vs, ,,
Direct plainly 'tothe street and number of
the house. .
- Head letters 'with the writer's full address,
Including street and number, and request an
swer to be directed accordingly.
Letters to strangers or transient visitors in
the city, whose special address may be un
known, should-be-marked-ln the left-hand cor
ner, "TTansient. This will prevent their be
ing delivered to persons of thewsame or slmi"
lar, names. , '
Persons calling for these letters wlUK please
state date on which they were advertised.
May 13. They wll be charged for at the
rate of 1 cent each. , .,,, ..
7" WOMEN'S LIST.
Alseben, Marta Lemons, Mrs S Allle
Alexander, Miss Ella Lewis, Miss May
Allison, Mrs 8 A Lonsgnout, "Emma "
Allen, Mrs A S Love, Mrs Alice
Anderson, Mrs Pettes McConnell,. Minnie
Anderson, Miss Mautr McDonald, Mrs
Bauer, Miss Louise McFarland, Mrs "W A
BallnsofervMrs Effle- ' McGregor," Mrs"LIzzI "
Barr, Mrs Alice-2 McKee, Mrs "VVm
ijeatty, Mrs Alice McMahon, Miss Cora
Blessing, Miss Jose- Martin, Mrs Mauda
phlne Mason, Mrs H F
Borgeson, Matilda Miller, Mrs Florence
Brltton, Ulss Cora Miller, Madeline E-2
Brogan, Miss Blanche Mlllner, Bertha
Brockway, Mrs Marie Mockler," Pearl
Campe, Mrs Nermen, Mrs Lue
Cary, Mrs J-2 Noble, Mrs Bert
Cohn, Mrs Morton . Owen, Mrs L F
Cox, Miss Helen Terry Peck, Mrs A
Connell, Miss Cora Pembroke, Mrs J C
Cornutt, Miss Evlyn Pendleton, Mary E
Crelghton, Mrs Jane B Peterson, Miss Jennie
Devlin, Miss Annie Pilklngton, Myrtle
Devin, Miss Ida Flerson, Pearl
Donaldson, Mrs Etta Reed, Mrs S "W
Duke, Miss Georgia Bockburn. Inez
Eastle, Mrs Ross, Miss Elsie A
Edwards, Miss Louise Sawln, Mrs Maude-2
Furgeson, Mrs Alice Schroeder, Miss A
Fisher, Mrs Lulu
Scott. Mrs Sadie
.Foster, Mrs M J
Greenlle. Nettle-2
Gulnd, Mrs
Hart. Miss Hattle
Seeley, Miss ICate B
Shultz, Miss Emma
Silver, Miss Francis
Bones, Mrs J "W
Hellen, Myron, Miss
Still, Miss Lizzie
Hendricks, Miss Ethel Staines, Miss Ida M
Hoffman, Miss Maggie Stevens, Mrs Wm
Huckabay, Mrs M C Strawn, Mallnda
Iverson, Mrs "Werner, Mary A
Jones, Mrs Robert "Whitmarsh, Anna
Kapus, Miss Rose "Woods, Mrs Mary
Kilgore, Mrs Lizzie "Wood, Glvendolen
LaDelle, Miss Blanche Young, Mrs A
Lambert, Mrs G R Toung, Mary
Lang, Miss Ida Zimmerman, Delia
LeBlonde, Thelma
MEWS LIST.
Agee, Owen McGerry, Peter
Abrahams, Mr and McManus, M
Mrs L Mark, Cap
Adams, R C
Ameloyn, Mr
Atteberg, A R
Bartolomel, R & Co
Bennett, B F
Berkey, C J
BIrkhlmer, T H
Blum, Ed
Bolton, J R
Bowen, Charles N
Boyer, Clinton
Brant, Emll
Cansler. L R
Masters, Wm
Mathews, O S
Meservey, R T
Mllls, "Wagner
Miller, Floyd
Mlschel, Charles
Mouler, M
Montgomery, J
Moore, George
Moore, C H
Machtwey, Mr and
Mrs G
Newton, "Willard
Nelson, Theodore
Carpenter, H S
Carillo, Smith & How-Olson, 'Henry
ard
Olsen. Jack
Carey. H H
Carroll, R C,
Carthldge. Mr
Castldy, D R
Chldson. C R
Chappell, John E
O'Leary, J J
Payton, R E-2
Parsons, Samuel
Parker. J. I
Patterson, Jack
Paul. Doctor
Cleveland, u
Pelton, Lafayette
Cracker Jack "Window-Portland Door Lum Co
Cleaner "Co
Port University, Prof
Doyle. M K"
Donkell. Mr, miner
Droz, Robert
Dunnagan, Jack
Ehlers, Adolph
Edwards, M A
Evanson, Arna S
Flynn, Q H
Flvnn. John R
of Geo
Portland "Warehouse
Co
Pullen, Edw L
Rawllngs. E T
Reskusle, Glovanl
Reltzel. Merritt E
RInehart. L
Ricks, Davis
French, George Ross Bicker, J H-2
Geddes, Jesse Rice, l it
Gardner, Mr Chas A Rongitlch, Stefann
Gorden, Geo Ruth, Harry
Green, D A Saunders, Geo
Gross & Weltzen-2 Schwartz, "Willie
Hemmer, I R
Sellings. Albert
Hayes, Orrln
HIckox. H B
HIcklln, L F
Hill. David B
Shackelford, Archie
Shaver, E W
Shanahan, DennIs-2
Shermer, Artnur
Humbert, Monsieur R Smerer, Sandy
Huttebbla. waiter amitn, s
Jackson, Mr Smith, E R
Jenkins, Mr and Mrs Stump, Albert
C H Starling, J D
Jennings Bros & Bron-Stearns, J O
ouch
Sundstrom. John
Johnston, A
Keller, George
Kelly, P-3
Kelly. R E
Knapp, C A
Kroger, Bob
Lavergne, Mr
Langllo, Anton
Lane, L M
Lawson, John M
Lemmon, P S
Levert, Wm
Lewis, Charles
Literary Bureau
LIddy, Joseph J
Lucas, Rev J C
Lucas, P B
Lydake, Lynford
McCain, James
McCorkle, Wm
McCoy, J
McCoy, J I
McDole, Arthur
McGune, R H
McGee. W D
Sutherland, Charles
Sweat, Arthur-2
Taylor, Mr and Mrs
Geo
Temmon, P S
Thacker, Mllo
Thomas, F L
Thompson, H R
Turnldge, Jasper
Turner, Charles
Wakeman. Will
Walker, Earnest
Warll, J W
Weeks, Wm E
Westerberg, Hugo
West Shore Pub Co
Whltcomb, R L
Williams, Mr and Mrs
George
Williams, W E
Wood, Clarence
Tork, J B-2
York. Bernard
Zlegler, Frank
A. B. CROASMAN, P. M.
Rotb.Hcb.lld and Cassowary.
Chambers' Journal.
"Walter Rothschild has for some years
been making a special study of the cas
sowary," and the Christmas before last
brought out a book on that bird, magnifi
cently Illustrated with colored plates.
Very little Is known of cassowaries; even
experts cannot always tell the male from
the female. On one occasion Jamrach
eold a cassowary that all concerned re
garded as a male. A few months after
ward he received from his customer this
telegraphic message: "Your male casso
wary has laid ah egg." Again, there are
only some four or five species known to.
science. "Walter Rothschild has estab
lished the existence of fifteen species. This
has involved an enormous outlay which
no mere man of science could have borne.
It entailed, to begin with, the purchas
ing of hundreds of live cassowaries,
which sometimes cost as much as 150
each. Then these cassowaries, which were
young birds, had to be kept until they
came Into color, the owner knowing all
the time that he should derive no profit
from his outlay. Previous students of the
cassowary had to content themselves
with the study of the mere skins, and
could command only such skins as good
luck might place in "their way.
South. African Natives.
Monthly Review.
Some Englishmen call the natives of ,
India "niggers," with an emphatic ad
jective often prefixed. Persons of this
kind, with the same exquisite accuracy
and the same just sense of superiority,
call the races of South Africa "niggers"
also. Some persons are neither wiser nor
-better bred than the Boers, who habitu
ally refer to the natives as "black cattle"
or "blask trash." The fact Is that the
natives are neither negroes nor black.
The aborigines appear to have been bush
men, who are of a dingy yellow color.
These have been pressed southward and
broken up into scattered communities by
invading "peoples of Bantu stock. The
Hottentots are believed to be of mixed
bushmen and Bantu descent. In physical
characteristics they resemble the bush
men; and they speak a tongue like theirs,
full of clicks, and like theirs In gram
matical construction." To the similarity
of .grammatical construction, however,
there Is one Important qualification. The
bushman language is that primitive type j
Chamber of Commerce
wrilch has no genders, while the Hotten
tot language Is sex-denoting. The Ban
tus of Eastern and Central South Africa
are generally divided into two great peo
ples known generically as the Bechuana
and the Zulus.. To these two peoples (I
-do not attempt here' an enumeration of
the various tribes) the native inhabitants
of the Transvaal and the Orange River
Colony chiefly belong, though there are
isolated communities of bushmen. Soft
is their speech, and pleasant to the ear,
full of vowels and devoid of the clicks
and harshness of the bushman dialects.
Though they are not negroes, they are
prolific, and thrive, as the negroes, too;
thrive in the presence of civilization.
Hence they are likely to remain a perma
nent element of the population, and an
increasing rather than a diminishing ele
ment.? .The. bushmen are hunters at a
relatively low level of savagery, but fur
nished with the bow and possessed of
"considerable artistic power. Far inferior
to them. In-the latter respectr the Bantu
tribes are otherwise much further ad
vanced. They arex pastoral and warlike
peoples, living under the go.vernment of
chiefs in communities organized on a,
patriarchal basis.
A Theory -and -Its Pate.
Dalles Chronicle.
Not- many years ago it was claimed
that the gold standard would make the
United States the slav;e of England. The
recent loans of American money to Eng
land are a striking refutation of that
Popullsfnotlon.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
Going to Buffalo?
Or any other point East?
Call at our office or write
us for particulars as to pro
posed low rates to be named
in the very near future;
they will interest you.
TICKET OFFICE r Cor. Third antf'Siark Sts.
R. W. Foster. Tioket Agent.
Time Card
of Trains
PORTLAND
Leaves.
"North Coast Limited" 2:00 P. M.
Twin City. St. Louis
& Kan. City Special. 11:30 P. M.
Olympla, Tacoma. Seat
tle, South Bend and
Gray's Harbor Exp... 8:35 A M.
Arrives.
7:00 A. M.
8:00 P. M.
5:15 P. M.
Two trains daily to Spokane, Butte, Hel
ena, Minneapolis, St. Paul and the East.
A. D. CHARLTON,
Asst. Gen'l Pass. Agt.
255 Morrison St. Portland. Or.
Northern Commercial Co.
Nome St. Michael Yukon River
Sailing dates approximate only.
Frdm
San Francisco,
Conemaugh May 25
Portland May 20
St. Paul Juno 1'
From
Seattle.
June 10
June 8
Connecting at St. Michael for Dawson City
arid all' Intermediate points.
For rates of passage, freight and other par
ticulars apply to
Empire Transportation Co.
Puget Sound Agent.
Seattle, Wash.
LMfflMlMl
Record Voyage 6 Dart, 7 Hours, 22
BOSTON to LIVERPOOL via OUEENSTOWH
New England. Twin Screw. 11.C0O. May 22
Commonwealth,, Twin Screw, 13.000, June 5
PORTUND to LIVERPOOL via- QUEENSTOWfi
Vancouver ;...vMay 18 Vancouver..,, June" 22
Dominion July, fllCambroman -July 13
, TiiOMAS COOK & SON, P. C. Gra'I Agents,
621 Market St.. Saa Fraadsco, Cat
NEW TWIN SCREW 6000
. TON S.8. SIERRA,
SONOMA &VENTURA
SS. ZEALANDIA (Honolulu only)
. Saturday, May 28. 10 A. M.
SS. MARIPOSA, for Honolulu, Samoa, New
Zealand and Australia
Thurs., May 30, 10 A. M.
SS. AUSTRALIA, for Tahiti.... About June 30
J. D.SPBECKELS & BEOS. CO , Esneral Agents. 327 Usihl St
Stt'i PasHnpr Office, 643 Hiricet 5L, Fur Ko. 7. Paafic It
Portland, SaSem
Independence
Stra. Altona and Pomona, daily ex. Sunday
at 6:45 A. M. SUNDAY, to Oregon City,
leaves 8 and 11 A. M.t 2:30 and 5:30 P. M.
Office and dock foot Taylor st.
WHITE COLLAR LINE
ASTfORIA ROUTE.
STR. TAHOMA (Alder-street dock).
Leaves Portland dally every morning at 7
o'clock, except Sunday. Returning, leaves As
torla every night at 7 o'clock, except Sunday.
Oregon phone Main 551. Columbia phone 351.
WHITE COLLAR LINE
STR. BAILEY GATZERT.
DALLES ROUTE.
Dally round trips. Leaves foot Alder street
every morning at 7 o'clock, except Monday.
Arrive at The Dalles 3 P. M. Leave The
T-iailoa J. T ?,T. Arrive Portland 11 P. M.
Telephone Main 301.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
Sli 0S8EGON'
HOiTLlNS
fliifewaw Pacific
Union Depot, Sixth, and J Streets.
THREE TRAINS DAILY
FOR ALL POINTS EAST
"CHICAGO-PORTLAND SPECIAW
Leaves for the East, via Huntington, at 0:00
A. M.; arrhes at 4:30 P. M.
SPOKANE KJL.YER.
For Spokane, Eastern "Washington and Great
Northern points, leaves at U P. M.; arrives at
7 A. M.
ATJLAXT1C EXPRESS.
Leaves for the East, via Huntington, at 0:00
P. M.; arrives at 8:10 A. M.
THROUGH PULLMAN TOURIST
SLEEPERS.
OCEAN AXD RIVER SCHEDULE.
Water lines schedule subjpet to change with,
out notice.
OCEAN DIVISION From Portland, leave
Alnstvorth Dock at 8 P. M.: sail every o days:
Steamer Elder sails May 2, 12. 2Z. Steamer
Columbia sails May 7, 17, 27.
From San Francisco Sail every 5 day.
Leave Spear-street Pier -4, at 11 A. M.t
Steamer Columbia sails May 3, 13. 23; steamer
Elder sails May 8, 18. 28.
COLUMBIA RIVER DIVISION.
. PORTLAND AND ASTORIA.
Steamer Hacsalo leaves Portland dally, ex
cept Sunday, at 8:00 P. M.; on Saturday at
10:00 P. M. Returnlnr. leaves Astoria dally,
except Sunday, at 7-00 A. M.
1VILLA3IETTE RIVER DIVISION.
PORTLAND AND SALEM. OR.
Steamer Ruth, fur Salem, Independence and
way points, leaves from Ash-street Dock at 0
A. M. on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays."
Returning, leaves Independence at 3 A M..
and Salem at 0 A. M., on Tuesdays, Thursdays
ana Saturdays.
CORVALLIS AND ALBANY.
.Steamer Modoc leaves Portland at 6 A. M.
on Tuesdays. Thursdays and Saturdays. Re
turning, leaves Corvallls at U A. M. on Mon
days, Wednesdays and Fridays.
YAMHILL RIVER ROUTE.
PORTLAND AND DAYTON. OR.
Steamfr Elraerp, for Oregon. City, Buttevllle,
Champoeg, Dnyton and way landings, leaves
Portland Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays
at 7 A. M. Leaves Dayton for Portland and
way points Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays
at 6 A. M.
SNAKE RIVER ROUTE.
RIP ARIA. WASH.. AND LEWISTON. IDAHO
Steamets leave Rlparla at 3:40 A. M. dally,
arriving at Lewiston about 3 P. M. Returning,
leave Lewiston at 8:30 A M., arriving at Rl
parla same evening.
A. L. CRAIG. General Passenzer Act.
'CITY TICKET OFFICE,
254 Washington St., Corner Third.
PORTLAND & ASIATIC
STEAMSHIP CO.
For Yokohama and Hone Kong, calllns at
Kobe, Nagasaki and Shanghai, taking freight
via connecting steamers for Manila, Port Ar
thur and Vladlvostock.
SS. INDRAPURA SAILS MAY 23.
For rates and full Information call on or
address officials or azentfe. ot O. H. 4 N. Co.
CAul vl
SOUTH
Depot Fifth and
I Streets.
Arrive
OVERLAID EA
PRESS TKAi.a
8:30 P. M.
for Salem, Rose
burg. Ashland, Sac-
r a. m e n to, Ugden,
San Francisco, Mo-
Jave. Los Angeles,
Ei Paao, New Or
leans and the East.
At W o o d b urn
(dally except Sun
day), morning train
connects with train
for ML Angel, till
v e r i o n, Browns
ville. Springtt eld,
and Natron, and
Albany Local foi
Mt. Angel and S!l
.erton. Ubany passenger...
'orvallls passenger.
heridan passenger.
4:00 P. M.
7:30 A. M.
4:50 P. M.
10:10 A. M.
1 15:50 P. M.
8:25 A M.
Dally. DaIly except Sunday.
Rebate tickets on sale between Portland. Sac
ramento and San Francisco. Net rates $17 first
class and $11 second class. Including sleeper.
Rates and tickets to Eastern points and Eu
rope. Also JAPAN. CHINA HONOLULU and
AUSTRALIA. Can be obtained from J. B.
KHtKLAND. Ticket Agent. 140 Third street.
TAMHILL DIVISION.
Passenger Depot, foot of Jefferson street
Leave for Oswego dally at 7:20, 0:40 A. M.;
12:30, 1:55, 3:25, 4:40, U:23, H:3l. 11:30 1. AL;
and 0:00 A. M. on Sundays only. Arrive at
Portland dally at U:35. b:30, 10:5u A. M.;
1:35, 3:10, 4:30, 0:15, 7:40. 10:0o P. M.; 12:40
A. M. daily, except Monday. 8:3 and lu:05 A.
M. on Sundays only.
Leave for Dallas dally, except Sunday, at
6:05 P. M. Arrive at Portland at 0:30 A. M.
Passenger train leavea Dallas tar Alrlle Mon
days. Wednesdays and Fridays at "3:50 P. M.
Returns Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
Except Sunday.
R. KOEHLER.
Manager.
C, H. .MARKHAM.
Gen. Frt. & Pass. Agt.
Pacific Goast Steamship Co
FOR ALASKA.
The Company's steamships
COTTAGE CITY. SPOKANE,
STA1F OF CAL. and CITY
OF TOPEKA leave TACOMA
11 A. M., SEATTLE 0 P. M..
May -5.--10; 15.- 20, 25, 30;
June 4. 0, 14. 10, 21, 24, 20;
July 3. For further infor
mation obtain folder.
. Th Comnany resrves the right to ehang
iteamersl sailing dates and hours of sailing,
without previous notice.
AGENTS N. POSTON, 243 Washington St..
Portland. Or. F. W. CARLETUW, jj. k. k.
OOODAT.
Ban Francisco.
Ttckat Office. 122 Third 5t Phone 680
LEAVE IThe Flyer, dally to and
ARRIVE
No. 3
7:00 A. M
in j from St. Paul. Minne-
.nnii. Dnlitrh Chlenea
C:00P. M. n(1 a'n DOnts East.
Through Palace and Tourist Sleepers. Dining
and Buffet Smoklng-LIbrary Cars.
JAPAN - AMERICAN LINE
STEAMSHIP 1DSUMI MARU
For Jpan. China and all Asiatic points will
V leave Seattle
About June 3d
Astoria & Columbia
River Railroad Co.
Depot Fifth and
I Streets.
LEAVES
For Mayger. Uainier,
Clatskanie, Westpoit.
Clifton. Astoria, war-
renton, Flavel. Ham
mond. Fort Steven.
Gearhart Pic. Seaside.
Astoria and Seashore
Express.
Dally.
Astoria. Express.
luy.
3:00 A M.
11:10 A. M.
0:55 P. M.
0:40 P. M.
Ticket office 255 Morrison si. and Union Depot.
J. C MAYO. Gen- Pass. Agt. Astoria, Or.
Un Rggs nnj
THE PALATIAL
OUIM BUILDING
foit a dark office In the bulldlnff)
absolutely fireproof electric llsbt
and artesian water; perfect sanita
tion and thorongh ventilation. Ele
vators ran day and nisht.
Rooms.
AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. Physician.. .003-600
ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Law...6ia
ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. L. Powell. Mgr..S0O
AUSTEN. F. C. Manager for Oregon and
Washington Bankers" Life Association, of
Dea Moines. la 502-003
BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES
MOINES. IA.; F. C. Austen. Mgr 502-503
BAYNTtlN. GEO. R.. Manager for Chas.
Scrlbner's Sons .....513
REALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S, Weather Bureau ....010
BENJAMIN. R. V. Dentist ......... ..314
BINSWANGER. DR. O. S.. Phys. & Sur.410-U
BROCK. WILBUR F.. Circulator Orego-
nian 50t
BROWN. MYRA. M. D ...313-3U
BRUERE. DR. C E.. Physician... 412-413-4U
BUSTEED. RICHARD ,...303
CANNING. M. J , C02-00J
CAUKIN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers
Insurance" Co......... ..713
CARDWELL. DR. J. R 506
CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J. 716-71T
COFFEY. DR. R. C. Phys. and Surgeon... 700
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY....
60t-X5-eo-tfu7-tfl3-6l4-613
C0R3IACK, E. K., Spe'ciar Representative
Mutual Life of New York ....: 408
CORNELIUS. C. W.. Phya and' Surgeon.2oa
COVER. F. C Cashier Equitable Life 30a
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGuIre.
Manager 413)
DAY, J. G. & I. N 31
DAVIS. NAPOLEON, President Columbia
Telephone Co........ ..60T
DICKSON, DR. J. F., Physician 713-714
DWYER, JOE E.. Tobaccos ,. 403
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth Floor
EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE SOCIETY.
L. Samuel. Mgr.; F. C. Coer. Cashler....30a
EVENING TELEGRAM 325 Alder street
FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surg. .509-510
FENTON. DR. HICKS C. Eye and Ear...CU
FENTON. MATTHEW F. Dentist... 500
GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man coo
GAVIN, A. President Oregon Camera Club
214-215-21U-21T
GEARyI DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and
Surgeon ............................ 212-213
GIESY. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon..709-710
G1LLESPY, SHExtWOOD. General Agent
Mutual Life Ina. Co 404-405-400
GODDARD. E. C. & CO.. Footwear.......
Ground Floor, 12U Sixth street
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat
tan Life Ins. Co.. of New York .200-210
GRANT. FRANK S.. Artorney-at-Law 1517
HAMMAM BATHS, Turkish and Russian..
.....300-1-2
HAMMOND. A B. 3lO
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C Phys. & Surg.504-600
IDLEMAN, C M., Attorney-at-Law..41(M7-18
JOHNSON. W. C. 315-31B-317
KADI. MARK T. Supervisor of Agents
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n....Cu4-605
LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co. ....600
LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phys. and Surgeon.20O
MACKAX. DR. A E.. Phys. and Surs-.7H-713
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. ofC
New Tork; W. Goldman, manaser.... 200-210
MARTIN. J. L. & CO.. Timber Lands. ...001
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713
McFADEN." MISS IDA E.. Stenographer. .201
McGINN, HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law.311-13
McKENZIE. DR. P. L.. Phys. and Surg.512-13
METT. HENRY 213
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C... Dentist and
Oral Surgeon 008-603
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314,
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kady, Supervisor of Agents. 604-603
Mcelroy, dr. j. a.. Phys; & sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co 6001
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher 413
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New
York; Sherwood Glllespy, Gen. Agt.. .404-5-0
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Att'y-at-Law..713
NILES. M. L-. Cashier Manhattan Llfa In
surance Co.. of New York 200
OLSEN. J. F.. State Agent Tontine Sav
ings Association. Minneapolis....... ...211
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B. Smith, Osteopath 408-4'09
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-210-21Z
PACIFIC CHRISTIAN PUB. CO.; J. F.
Ghormley. Manager .....519
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
Ground fleer. 133 Sixth stress
PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.J J.
H. Marshall. Manager.. 513
QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry
Warden .... .40X
ROSENDALE, 0. M. Metallurgist and Min
ing Engineer 515-510)
REED & MALCOLM. Opticians. ..133 Slxta st.
REED. F. C. Fish CommIraloner.........40T
RYAN. J. B., Attorney-at-Law... ....41T.
SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life... .303
SHERWOOD, J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander K. O. T. M. 31T
SLOCUM. SAMUEL C. Phys. and Surg,. .700
SMITH. DR. L. B.. Osteopath 408-409
STUART, DELL. Attorney-at-Law.... 617-613
STOLTE, DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist, ....704-703
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO TO
STROWBRIDGE. THOMAS H.. Executive
Special Ast. Mutual Life of New York. .400
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 201
TONTINE SAVINGS ASSOCIATION. Min
neapolis; J. F. Olsen. State Agent; S. M.
Allen, Cashier 211
TUCKER. DR. QEO. F.. Dentlst......810-611
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU... 907-008-003-010
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST.; Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A 803
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS: Captain W.
C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A.810
WATERMAN. C H.. Cashier Mutual Life
of New York 400
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Physician
and Surgeon 30-1-303
WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phys. , Surg.700-707
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys. & Surg.507-303
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-4U
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEP. CO..;. .013
A tew more cleg-ant offices may be
bad by applylns to Portland Trast
Company of Oregon, 105 Third t.. or
of tbe rent cleric In the bnlldlnar.
,
No Cure
No Pay
THE MODERN Al'PLlANCIC A puUir
way to perfect manhuod. The VACUUM
TREATMENT cures ou without medicina of
all nervous or diseases ofjihe generative or
gans, such as lodt manhood, exhaustive drains,
varicocele, lmpotency, etc. Men ate quickly re
stored to perfect health and atrength. Writs
for circulars. Correspondence confidential.
THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO. rooms 47-40.
Eaf Dopas.t nirtr.. Seattle. Wash.