THE MORNiNG OKEGONlklJ, THURSDAY, AJVK1L ,11, 1901. Entered tJt the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon. &s second-class mutter. ' TELEPHONES. Editorial Booms 100 I Business Office.. .607 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Br Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance Dally, with Sunday, per month So Dally. Sunday excepted, per year.... oO Dally, with Sunday, per year. 9 pj Sunday per year ........................ 2 00 The "Weekly, per year 1 The "Weekly, 3 months .... oO To City Subscribers ... Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays excepted.lBc Dally, per -week, delivered, Sundays lncluded.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 20 to 28-page paper..... ......... .......... "I0 26 to 32-page paper. 2c Foreign rates double. The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot -undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this .purpose. Puget Sound Bureau -Captain A. Thompson, fflee at Jill Pacific avenue. Tacoma. Box 855. Tacoma Postofflce. Eastern Business Office il. 48. 49 and C9 SCrtbune toalldlnc. STew 3Torlc Cltys -eO The jRcokery." Chicago; the S. C Beckwlth special fcgency. Eastern representative. . For sale la San Francisco by J. K. Cooper, 4C Market ctreet, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros.. 238 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts, 3O0& Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry Sews stand. For sale In Ios Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 2f9So. Spring street, and OIKer & Haines. 100 Bo. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Jo.. 217 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by H. C. Shears. 103 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam street. Forsale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. Second South street. On file In Washington, D. C, with A. W. iunn, 000 2th N. W. For sale In Denver,' Colo.. Jby Hamilton & gendrtck. O00-0I2 Seventh street. TODAY'S WEATHER. Partly cloudy and occasionally threatening weather; cooler; west erly winds. " PORTLAND, THURSDAY, APRIL 11. JLS ADEQUATE REASOX. -Lewis and dark Centennial is the natural name for the exposition of 1905. IThat is the occasion that is to be com memorated, that is the historical sig nificance of the event. If -we are to set it aside for something: else, there must Tie some very good reason. "When Mr. Long -went to "Victoria to enlist the co-operation, of British Co lumbia, he found out one very good reason. The Britishers said, We want to join In this thing; -we "want to make liberal contributions, and we think we can go to Ottawa la hope of substantial aid from the Dominion Government it self, PROVIDED, the exposition is made broad enough in name and scope to take us in. Canada has no interest or business in celebrating the enterprise of Lewis and Clark under President Jefferson, but if this is to be a celebra tion of the discovery, settlement and progress of the Pacific Coast of North America, then Canada has every rea son to participate. This position is correct, and it will be shared to greater or less extent by the Pacific Coast States of our Union. Cal ifornia, for example, might feel no ne cessity for helping to celebrate the ex ploration of the Columbia River, but could not afford to ignore a celebration Jf the discovery, development and Americanization of the Pacific Coast In such a celebration there would be place for British Columbia day or days and California day or days; but ln a Lewis "and Clark centennial there is place lor neither. T Is history, then, to be sacrificed to commercialism? Nay, verily, history is to be given only its true and right ful setting. The Lewis and Clark ex pedition derives its real significance not from the narrow strip of land through which their journey lay, but from its relation to the whole cls Rocky region. "What would Oregon be today if there had been no California, no Puget Sound, no Inland Empire? The work Jefferson did under Lewis ana Clark gets its real meaning and im portance in view of rival British ad vances on the north and Spanish pos session on the south. The commercial aspect of the exposition is In perfect harmony with its historical signifi cance, for as this whole country Is to be invited to join us here in the celebra tion, so we must include In the' name and scope of the enterprise the histori cal gelations of this whole country, part to part. Especially is Oregon territory closely interwoven with British history and achievement. Here were the moment ous operations of the Hudson's Bay Company nad Its great representative, Dr. McLoughlin. The Columbia Itself is corered with British names Vancou ver, "Walker's Island, Mount Hood, Mount St Helens, Baker's Bay. Equally noteworthy is the British prior entrance upon Puget Sound and their long so journ here during the joint occupancy. The whole Pacific Coast Is welcoming Portland's exposition as a means of celebrating Its origins and growth. In sub-titles we can include Lewis and Clark, the Columbia River, the territory of Oregon; but in the one general name we must recognize the whole region that is to join in the work and the me morial. Anything less comprehensive than "American Pacific" is too narrow. Ours is to be the position of leader ship and of principal beneficiary. If our neighbors all come to us, we must be generous with the name. Nothing less is policy, nothing less Is common Justice. THE TOY INDUSTRY. The toy industry has assumed large proportions in Germany within the past few years. The diffusion of the prod uct of this industry is widespread. German toys find their way to Cape Colony, British East India, Eastern Asia, North and South America and Australia, and the demand, in most countries, increases year after year. By far the largest purchasers are Eng land and the United States, the ship ments to these two countries in 1900 having -exceeded those of any previous year. Great Britain alone has bought over 11,000 tons of German toys annu ally during the past few years, and since 1895 her purchases in this line have increased over 1000 tons. The United States bought from Ger many in the year above named 6195 tons of toys; the bulk last year aggre gated 9612 tons, an increase of more than one-third. This increase Is re garded as remarkable. Whether It is due to the growing indulgence of American parents, the growth of the Christmas spirit or to the return of prosperity that renders rigid economy in expenditures less necessary than during the period of industrial depres sion in this country, can only be sur mised. All of these causes probably contribute to the result Whatever may be the cause for the increased demanc' the toy market in the United States, the fact remains that last year German toys to the value of about $3,808,000 found their way Into the toy shop, later into the nurseries, and ultimately into the garrets and cellars of American homes. Whether the children of the closing year of the century were happier than were those of Its middle and early years, in which home-made sleds, kites and balls and bats made glad the hearts of boys, while rag dolls and broken bits of delft and china from the fam ily cupboard were the treasured play things of girls, is at least doubtful. It is certain that it took less to please the children of the earlier than of the later period. How much of this is due to the tons of toys, imported and domestic, that find their way Into eager little hands, and how much to the general unrest of the period, is a matter of con jecture rather than of knowledge. And as speculation upon this point is not likely to add to the sum of knowledge or check the waste of money in ..'toy shops, -It Is Idle to Indulge It. ' CUBA'S DANGEROUS DEBT." In one way and another the Island of Cuba has been saddled with a stupen dous debt Some of it can be disowned with justice, but the legitimate portion of it is large enough to cause grave con cern, and the whole of -it looms up ominously behind all the Cuban negoti ations. The world of diplomacy cannot reckon without the world of finance, however restive the politician may grow under the imperative demands of business. The savings of, the nations cannot be wholly sacrificed to make political capital. The bonds of the fugitive Cuban Re public figured largely in our prepara tions for the war with Spain. Their amount is unknown, but their total au thorization was $20,000,000, less than half of which, it is "believed," left the putative Cuban treasury. What will become of these bonds nobody knows. Efforts will doubtless be made to have them repudiated in the Cuban reorgani zation. Yet they may eventually be paid, like the Mexican national bonds, all of which were redeemed in full with interest, though speculators at "one time bought them in at 1 cent on the dollar. Entirely different is the status of the Cuban bonds issued by the Spanish Government In attempted suppression of the rebellion. These provincial se curities are believed to aggregate be tween $400,000,000 and $650,000,000, and though the Cuban constitutional con vention was urged to specific repudia tion of them, the superior wisdom of the islanders rose above the advice and leaves a possible opening for Euro pean diplomacy or force to compel pay ment An investigation made by a cor respondent of the Hew York Tribune establishes the Important fact that Eu ropean governments whose citizens hold these Spanish-Cuban bonds are merely biding their time with the full determination to press the redemption of the bonds upon the island govern ment. Spanish investors probably re tain some portion of the bonds, but their bulk is ascertained to have passed into French and German hands, and from France and Germany the efforts at collection must be expected. To protect itself against measures aimed sit forcible collection of this debt is one of the prime needs of Cuba, and one of the profound" reasons why the island will be compelled, if it Is wise, to enter into some joint arrangement with the United States under which protecr tlon on our part will be paid for with grant of suzerainty from Cuba, to gether with military and naval privi leges there which will make our pro tection effective. Cuba's financial inde pendence is, in short, impossible except as exercised in a limited way under United States protection and control. Fortunately, Cuban ideas on these questions are rapidly approximating the terms of the Piatt amendment They are not too. blind to see what is for their Interests, but, like any proud and self-respecting people, they wish to be consulted. They will make a conven tion to our mutual advantage, but the act must-be one of their own, free will, not mere command on," our part and abject obedience on theirs. It is going to be worth a great deal to Cuba Ho be able to refer her European bondholders to the United States, and it is a privi lege that will justify reciprocal action on her part We shall probably not be disappointed if we give her credit foi ability to see this and for sense to act accordingly. "" INSULAR IGNORANCE. Spenser Wilkinson, a famous English military critic, In his recently published "War and Policy," manifests a singular historical ignorance concerning the last great campaign between Grant and Lee. We quote: Grant determined, while keeping an ade- SrsTrmy westward on to the two iine cTraiiXniills is Where coal, iron ore and lime- way still open for Lee's use. At the eame time Lee evacuated Richmond and Petersburg and marched westward. But Grant, prepared, was quickly on his track, and, as Lee's army" was worn out, half clad and half fed. It was overtaken in a few days. "When Grant was approaching the remnant ,of Lee's army he sent a note to Lee, which led to an interview, at which It -was agreed that the officers and men of Northern Virginia should lay ,dowa their arms and go home to fight no, more?' Nobody reading the above would sus pect that Grant and Lee, in this ten days' campaign, had any serious con flict when as a fact the Union Army in its assaults lost 10,000 killed and wound ed and the Confederates more than 6000 killed and wounded before Lee was forced to surrender. The same author, writing in 1900, says: "It must be at least a dozen years ago that the spade was adopted as an offensive weapon to enable the advancing rifleman to .hold his own against counter attack." ' The supremacy of the rifle bullet over the bayonet was settled in our Civil War as early as December 3, 1862, at Fred ericksburg, when Longstreet, with less than 10,000 men, repulsed easily the charges of the veteran divisions of Burnslde's right wing. At Spottsyl vanla, Cold Harbor and Petersburg the art of Covering the advance with the spade was effectively displayed. Gen eral Humphreys, who commanded the Second Corps in Grant's last campaign, and who led one of the divisions of Burnslde's army that were repulsed In the charge on Marye's Heights, at Fred ericksburg, expressed the opinion in his "Vicksburg Campaign" that in suit able intrenchments the strength of the army sustaining the attack is more than quadrupled. For some reason the English military critics do not seem familiar with the lessons of our great Civil War. If they had been, they would have profited by them sufficiently so that their Generals would not have recklessly attacked in trenchments defended by skilled rifle- men armed with repeating guns. This contempt for their foe; this Indifference to the military experience of .other na tions, has cost England terrible losses on many a bloody field from Bunker Hill to Magersfontein. From Braddock and Abercromble in "the old French War" down to 'Buller and Methuen, in sular obstinacy and Ignorance have cost the British bulldog a sore head. This is a singular fact when we remem ber that the really great English Gen erals have never underrated their en emy or recklessly assaulted intrenched lines. Wellington carried two fortified places by storm because there was a French army marching to raise the siege; but as a rule Wellington won his battles by maneuvering for advantage, or by fighting from intrenched lines; as he did at Busaco. He did not maneuver at Waterloo; neither did Napoleon; there was.no chance. It was a mere slugging match until Blucher broke into the ring and drove off Napoleon. All the lessons of Wellington's campaigns are those pJT. caution, joined to fine bat tle tactics, skillful maneuvering for the advantage, as he did at Salamanca, against Marmont And yet the average British General does notjseem to have taken 'his inspiration from the methods of Marlborough and Wellington. He is a brave, self-sufficient,1 but ignorant man, and the English military critic seems to be about as insular in his mil itary ignorance as the average British General. Lord Roberts drew his in spiration from the great masters of the art of war. He directed his campaign as Wellington would have directed it;' he put brains into it, and thus "saved his face." i iTHE SOUTH PROSPEROUS. Colonel Mosby, the famous Confed erate scout, says "the solid South be longs wholly to the political past" He predicts that "In the epd the South will be far richer and more powerful than the North," and that "Richmond is likely in-time to become the banking center and commercial headquarters of this country, and therefore of the world." He rejoices in the war's abol ishment of slavery, "an incubus para lyzing natural energy"; recognizes that "the negroes are producing far more as free men than they ever did as slaves, and they are certain to be absorbed by immigration and in this engulfment they will disappear." This he describes as the natural and wisest solution of the so-called "race problem." The Hon S. S. P. Patterson, of Richmond, Va., in the Sewanee Review tikes the same view that hereafter there will never again be a solid Sbuth against a united North. The natural mineral wealth ..of the South in coal, iron and marble is enormous. The Birmingham, Ala., iron district is Complete in itself, having all Its own fuels, ores and limestone. The progress of the South in the production of coal and iron ore Tyfthin the past few yearsf has been marvelous in the iron mines and coal fields of West Vir ginia, Alabama and Tennessee. The work of the Maryland Steel Company at Baltimore, with its capital of $10, 000,000, and that of the steel industry at Birmingham, Ala., valued at $3,000,000, Illustrate the growth of the iron busi ness at the South. r , The cotton mills of the South, rival those of New England. As against 1,700,000 spindles in 1890J the South, has now ,more than 6,000,000, with 425 cottor and roil mills, representing an invest ment of more than $5O,O0O,o6o, against 119 mills with an Investment of $12, 808,000 ten years ago. The Manufac turers' Record says that the census now being compiled will show that the total production of the South in agriculture, manufactures and-mining for the year ended June 30, 1900, was doubtless as much as $2,750,000,000. The North has the advantage still of superior organ ization, -and of close proximity to the great centers, where the output of the iron mines is chiefly consumed, but ultimately the South ought to have the advantage, since In the Southern States the manufacturer Is close to the supply of raw materials; his coal, iron and limestone for "flux lie side by side. The Southern organization, through the in- ferior quality of labor, is not yet equal in perfection tothe great manufactur ing plants of the North, whether in iron or cotton products, but in time the Southern manufacturers will perfect their methods and will "obtain as good, labor as the North. The North cannob wrest frorn the South its natural ad- vantage of having coal, iron and lime stone close together, but' the South can by effort .perfect its organization and obtain excellent labor. When that day comes, Colonel Mostiy's prophecy will be In course of fulfillment that the South would become richer and stronger than the North. Abram S. Hewitt a, dozen years ago moved his .iron mills from New Jersey to Tennessee, on the , ground that the best place for iron stone are found side by side. When we remember that "the South, whose mines, forests, fields and fac tories have attracted population during the last ten years in excess of that ob tained by the West by a larger per cent of increase, was thirty-five years ago prostrated by an exhausting civil war, Its present prosperity is a most .remark able achievement Thlrty-flve years ago the South was a land whose people found themselves with labor gone, prop erty gone, and, worse than all, with the political IncuDus of 850,000 illiterate negro voters'. The emancipation of the slave was not the calamity complained of, for negro labor, "has been to date as cheap as It was in slavery, but the raw, undigested lump 'of black suffrage, worked at will by the worst type of white politicians, resulted in a condition of political' corruption and anarchy. That the South today thrills with a de gree of industrial enterprise that she never. knew before the war; that' she has thriving ( cities thathad no appre ciable consequence at the close of the war, is proof positive that her people are possessed .of superior energy and courage, and that her native resources are very great The South has survived the recon struction measures created by Thad Stevens and Charles- Sumner Immedi ately after the war, measures that were directly responsible for the era of cor ruption and misgovernment which fol lowed their enactment. Ex-Governor Chamberlain, of South Carolina, New England born and bred, a highly edu cated officer of the Union Army, con fesses in the current number of the Atlantic Monthly, that it was a gross blunder to attempt to maintain a black or Republican supremacy through the use of Federal troops and .denial of (po litical rights to the former Confederate white leaders, because "the, natural leaders of that section were not merely ignored, but were sharply antagonized and embittered to the last degree. The 7,000 colored voters of South Carolina were distinctly and of design pitted against 46,000 whites, who held all the property, education and public experi ence of the state." The wonder Is that after ten years of such an attempt to reverse the laws which control human society a new and better South than the old South should have finally risen out of the wreck of the war and the welter of the reconstruction measures. It must be regretted that two of the Judges of qur Circuit Court have ren dered a decision that policemen cannot be discharged when their services are no longer needed, or when there is no money to pay them. Judge George, however, took the commmon-sense "posi tion that the city is not required to keep useless officers, and especially when the public funds are exhausted, it should be permitted to retrench. It was rfecessary that the force should lie re duced, and the fact that soine had to "go" required the act of selection be tween thofie who should go and those who should stay. The notion that pub lic office exists for the benefit of the incumbent and not for the convenience and benefit of the public Is at the bot tom of this decision that the policemen were wrongfully dismissed. It seems to be supposed that a man once fn of fice has a "vested right" and should stay, whether his services are needed or not, or whether the public treasury can afford the expense or not. The Judges admit, however, in the case of the County Commissioners, that the Legislature may turn supernumerary officials out. Let the taxpayer be thankful for that concession. As detailed before the court at Hills boro, the murder Of a defenseless China man in Washington County last De cember by James Aiken was a most brutal and cowardly one. The victim was one of an industrious trio who had saved some money earned In the hop fieldst and the incentive was robbery. The ways of the average Jury are past finding out, hence the public will never be able to understand why, if Aiken killed this creature, whose only offense was that he had earned and saved some money, of which the other desired to possess hlmfeelf, the latter should- not have been adjudged guilty of murder in the first degree and sentence of death passed upon him. Aiken either wan tonly and maliciously killed Gule Sue or he did not kill him at all. In, the first case he should have been hangedji In the latter, discharged from custody. Certainly, to the impartial observer there Is no "second degree" In a murder the simple facts Of which, as brought out by evidence are that the cabin of the victim was entered In the night and he fatally shttt by the intruder. Wood for fuel Is still too plentiful in the Willamette Valley to be success fully "cornered." The lumber supply has been diminished in some localities, to some extent, but timber suitable for fuel, though a longer haul than was necessary a quarter of a century ago may be required to place it in the mar ket, is still sufficiently abundant to keep the price within reasonable limits. The attempted corner on wood for the State Insane Asylum supply, that is indicated by opr advices.cannot result to Ihe serloudlsadvantane of the state, since a long haul by ra& can be made as cheaply as was the short haul by teams in earlier years. Thevstate can only "be the prey of jobbers in full by the connivance, or at least by the con sent, of those who are pledged to stand between the treasury and those who would make haste to be rich by exac tions upon It in excess of fair dealing. ConBUl Dildley, of Vancouver, B. C, reports to the State Department under date of March 13 that the towiv of Kaslo, the center of a great silver-lead producing district o'f British Columbia, has offered a bonus of $50,000 and ex emption from taxation for ten years to any' person for corporation that will eject a smelter at that place, work on which must be begun before October 1 of the current year. While the Consul thinks, that It may be too late for any one In the United States to take advan tage of this generouB offer, it will, he thinks,, opena market for mining ma chinery, materials and supplies which is worth looking after by enterprising Americans. The suggestion is timely, since It comes atthe beginning 'of the Spring movement of "business toward the North! The last list of Quartermasters and Paymasters appointed by the,Eresident reveals the pressure from civil life for thpse military positions. The nomina tions Include: W. C. Cannon, a nephew of Representative, Joseph G. Cannon, of. Illinois. H. L. Fettus, a don of Senator. Pettus, of Alabama. Bertram T. Clayton, Representative In late Congress from Brooklyn. Hugh R. Belknap, recently a Representative In Congress from Chicago. Herbert M. Lord, private secretary of the late Representative Dlngley, of Maine. ' William G. Gambrlll, nephew of ex-Senator Gorman. v John R. Lynch ' (colored), formerly Repre sentative in Congress from Mississippi. Great Britain will no more "crush lib erty" in 'South Africa than the United States brushed liberty .when it de stroyed the claim of the Confederate States to National independence. Lib erty got forward by the overthrow of I the Confederate States of America. It will get forward by the overthrow of the claims of the Boer provinces of South Africa to National independence. Boer government in South Africa is only an unenlightened, long-belated oli garchy. The people are of the best stock in the world, but their notions of liberty and of government are two cen turies behind the times. It Is fitting that the Lewis and Clark expedition should be commemorated In the new $10 legal-tender note, for there is no more distinct National acquisitive movement than the one that gave us the Oregon territory, now inclusive of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming. Not the Florida cession, nor the Louisiana purchase, nor Texas, nor the Mexican grant, was more definite or purposeful in its conduct than this. The Portland exposition of 1905 will impress this great National 'movement upon the minds of this country and of the world. Fees paid to the State of New Jersey by trusts organized within her jurisdic tion pay almost 'all the expenses of the state government New Jersey's laws are framed and administered expressly to make easy ways for such combinations. SENATOR BEVERIDGE ON CUBA. Chicago Tribune When Senator Beverldge. of Indiana, opened the Republican campaign in Chi cago last Autumn he declared, among other things, that to permit a Cuban Government to be established without re serving any powers of American Interven tion would be a grave mistake, fraught with peril for both countries. In. the April number of the North. American Re view he elaborates this idea in an able defense of the Piatt resolutions. He pre faces his argument with a series of quo tations showing that the need for Ameri can control of Cuba has beenx recognized since colonial days, and that almost every administration from Jefferson to McKln ley has given official utterances to this national sentiment. Senator Beverldge holds that the Teller resolution must be Interpreted in the light of this historic policy of the Nation. "If It means that the United States should utterly withdraw from Cuba, leaving that people without aid, guidance or restraint, to work their ruin and our Injury," he says, "this resolution is destructive of the unanimous conclusion of 'American statesmanship and public opinion from before the foundation of our Government." He 'goes on to demonstrate that the un conditional abandonment of the Island would preVent Cuban liberty and retard Cuban progress, at the same time imperil ing the safety of the United States. Thus there is no other sane Interpretation of the Teller resolution than that of the pro tected Independence offered to Cuba through the admirable resolution formu lated by Senator Piatt, of Connecticut, and adopted by Congress. To construe the Teller pledge in any other way than this would be to do the Cuban people an irreparable wrong and to annul the spirit and letter of the pledge itself. Two years of American occupation have proved the ability of the United States to give the Cubans the best gov ernment ever known to Spanish-Americans. The inability of the Cuban people to create a wise and stable government Is certain. The population of the island Is less than that of Chicago, consisting of 1,000,000 white and .500,000 blacks. Accord ing to their own census 50 per cent of the whites and 70 per cent of the colored population cannot read or write. Along with this mass of ignorance there goes a lifelong training in. Spanish methods of corruption". Senator Beverldge cites the hlstpry of every Spanish-American repub lic to show that such conditions cannot fall -to produce anarchy, bloodshed and revolutions for generations to come. By protecting the Cubans against their own Inherent weakness the United States sim ply performs Its plain duty to them and to itself. In this manner the Indiana Senator takes up each clause in the Piatt resolu tions, showing Its wisdom and necessity if we do not wish to see European gun Boats in Cuban ports and perpetual blood shed on Cuban eoll. ' From the reservation of the treaty-making power to the com pelling of sanitary regulations the whole list of limitations imposed on the Cuban government is shown to be wise and salu tary. Senator Beverldge's article Is a frank and clear presentation of the facts, fully justifying the closing statement: "All this is not the denial of liberty; it is the bestowal of liberty, for liberty can not live without order." WILLIAM CLARK HIS NAME. How He Wrote the Name; How His Family Wrote It, and How They Wrlte It to This Day. BURNS, Or., April 0 (To the Editor.) The Oregonlan recently criticised a correspondent In spoiling the name of Clarice, the explorer, with a final "o," and persists In writing it "Clark," dropping the "e." Losslng's and Rldpath's histories of the "United States, several cyclopedias and geogra phies use the final "e"; the Captain so wrote it himself, and his name was so carried In the "United States Army register, and lastly Presi dent Thomas Jefferson, In hi message to Congress, February 10, 1800, refers to him aa "Lieutenant Clarke." Thus we have both tho official and historical records to bear out our assertion that the true and only way of spelling the name should be "Clarke." Whence has The Oregonlan this wisdom? A. "W. GOWAN. The Oregonlan has this wisdom from Clark himself. He may be supposed to have known how to write his own name. He always .wrote it "Clark." So did hlB distinguished brother, Qeorge Rogers Clark; so do all the descendants and branches of the family, to this day. The Oregonlan published, not long ago, two facsimiles of the name of William Clark, as written by himself. See. Appleton's Dictionary of American Biography for signature of George Rogers Clark. See Dr. Couea' edition of theHlstory of, the Lewis and Clark Expedition for Memoir of William Clark and history of his fam ily and descendants. Through some per verseness of fortune the name was writ ten with a final "e" by iriany persons, even in Clark's own time, and their error has been copied by not a few, ever since. The writer of the above letters as igno rant as the rest. He never has looked Into the sources of Information, but has copied the errors of others. It is not true, as he says, that Captain Clark ever wrote his name wfth the addition of an "e," or that any other member of the family ever so wrote It; and he can produce no In stance of it. Nothing equals and noth ing beats the assurance of Ignorance, In this world. Has McKlnley Bought a Gold Brick? Roseburg Plalndealer. The disgruntled, harping, small politi cians, who "told you so," and were so elated at the exaggerated and unwar ranted reports concerning Commissioner Hermann's being "removed," will now have something to reflect on. The chances are that Mr. Hermann will remain In the present position which he fills so ac ceptably, for if a change Is made It will be a transfer to a field where his tire less energy and broad capabilities will be exerted still further In the interest of the people. The Government does not drop such men as BInger Hermann for slight cause, or to gratify a few poli ticians In their aspirations. Paternal Trend In Education. Washington Post. The support of colleges and universi ties by state governments affords an ex ample of paternalism that Is scarcely matched by any other fact or phase of American Institutions. On what Is It based? Where does the state get the right, "to lay and collect taxes on private property In order that a small; proportion of its young people may have "facilities for the acquisition of such learning as Is obtainable in a collegiate and post-graduate course? Bui "Who Are They? Tillamook Headlight. BInger Hermann, it Is reported, Is to be deprived of hls(ob at the general land office at Washltivfon. and he has been a recipient of political favors for so many years, surely he should be willing to re tire. No doubt he will attempt to figure and take a prominent part in the next election In this state, but there are others now in the Republican party who haye become recognized leaders and who are entitled to recognition. Large Bodies More Slowly. Tillamook Headlight. After working the jawbone for nearly five years, articles of incorporation have been filed for .a woolen mill to be estab lished In the City of Portland. How slow for a city of 100,000 inhabitants and with so much "boasted wealth. Will it take another five years of jawbone work be fore the mill is erected and ready for operation? Bah! bah! But we don't want to raise Portland's wool. AMUSEMENTS. Stanton Company In "Glrofle-Girofla" The tuneful and lively, opera, "Glrofle Girofla," was the bill given by the Joseph ine Stanton Company at the Metropolitan last night, and the opera was sung in a fashion wnich was entirely satisfactory to a house that would have been better had the theater-going public known how good the evening's entertainment was to be. It has been several seasons since the opera has been here, but its catchy mel odv and sparkling lines have not been forgotten, and, whether recognized as old friends, or heard for the first time, they were greeted very heartily by the audi ence. Miss Stanton's charming manner and clear, sweet voice combine to make a very winsome pair of twins, and her work, especially In the drinking scene, was even better than her usually high average. A3 Mourzook, the bloodthirsty Moor, George Kunkel carries off most of the comedy honors, although the Don Bolero of J. Clarence Harvey created considerable merriment Mr. Kunkel brings fresh proof of his versatility with his every appear ance In Portland, and whatever part he essays is sure to be done in a. style that makes him a high favorite with his audi ence. George Lyding sung Marasquln accepta bly, and Bertha Nllson appeared as Pedro. The chorus Is a little "shy" on practice, but will do better next time. Tonight the bill will be "Said Pasha." "The Telephone Girl." "The Telephone Girl" continues to at tract crowds to Cordray's Theater, and Its mirth-provoking comedy, pretty girls and new music prove as popular as they did early In the week. Notes of the Stage. . Next week repertoire companies 'will be seen In all the Portland theaters. "Sag Harbor" will come to Portland this Spring without James A. Heme, who re cently left the company, and. It Is said, may retire from the stage for good. After leaving Portland, the Stanton Op era Company will "Jump" to Honolulu, and from there to Yokohama. A limit to their Oriental tour has not yetjbeen set. The dramatization of "To Have and to Hold" has not proved a success, and In Its failure many of the critics see the approaching finish of the dramatized nov el fad. Margaret Mayo, known off the stage as Lilly Slatten, is the daughter of Dr. W. T. Slatten, of Portland, and Is said to be following In the footsteps of Maud Adams and Blanche Bates, two Portland girls who have attained high places in their profession. Europe's Banks and Cuba's Bonds. New York Tribune. It Is perfectly well understood that when any kind of a Cuban Government is set up the European Governments will seek to have the status of this bonded debt determined, and will press for its recognition by Cuba. That Is one of the Interesting complications of the future. At one time a syndicate of Paris. London and Berlin bankers was moving for a set tlement of this debt, and was ready to advance more funds under certain condi tions. ,Thls was at a time when they had become convinced that Spain could not maintain her sovereignty In the West In dies. The plan was for Cuba to buy her freedom from the guarantee of the Unit ed States. The European bankers were ready to advance $200,000,000 with which Cuba should purchase her Independence from. Spain, but Spain was to use this sum In a partial payment of her bonded obli gations previously Issued on account of Cuba. Then Cuba, as the ward of the United States, or with this country as guarantor, was also to assume a portion of that Indebtedness. It has been stated that Canovas'del Castillo, the Spanish Premier, had become convinced that Spain must give up, and was preparing to shape the Spanish policy for the acceptance of this project -when he was assassinated. Afterward, when It became evident that Spain could not establish autonomy In Cuba, the project was revived by the Eu ropean bankers with American support ers. Ecclesiastical influence was enlisted and a determined effort was made to reach some arrangement which would guarantee Cuba's independence for a financial con sideration. The blowing up of the Maine ended .whatever chance of success this plan might have had. It could not have been carried out with the European Gov ernments, except Spain, officially having any part in It, but they were all ready to lend their good offices. Now the Euro pean bankers again are active, but their next move will be through their various Governments, seeking to enforce collec tion against Cuba on behalf of their sub jects, who hold the bonds. While the French were the chief investors In these Spanish-Cuban obligations, a considerable amount 1 sunderstood to be held by Berlin bankers. Ah Sin's Way. "The Inhabitants of the Philippines," by P. H. Sawyerv To a Chinaman the idea that a judge should take bribes seems as natural a thing. as that a duck should take to the water. And yet the Chinaman will not, unless he knows he Is on the right track, brutally push his bribe under the Judge's no&e. Either he or one of his countrymen will from the Judge's arrival have ren dered him good service. Does the Judge want a gardener or a cook? Ah Sin soon provides an excellent one who never asks lor his wages Have some visitors ar rived at the Alcaldia? Ah Sin sends In a dozen chickens, a turkey, and the best fruits. Is It the Judge's name day? The wily Celestial presents a few" cases of wine and boxes of fine clears. Is the roof of the Alcaldia leaking? A couple of Chinese carpenters will set It right without sending In a bill for It. Then, having prepared the way, should Ah" Sin be summoned before the Alcaldia, he may confidently hope that his patron will not hurriedly give Judgment against him, and that he will probably get a full opportu nity to present substantial reasons why the suit should be decided In his favor. Vainglory as a Business. Seattle Times. In spite of Portland's wealth and boast ful confidence of superiority; Seattle Still leads her in every form of business. The Unprofitable Laborers. Post "Wheeler In Icw York. Press. In the time of sowing. Soft the winds were blowing. "We walked the smoking furrows and we cast the seeding far. And we went erect and leaping, "With swinging- arm and sweeping; Across the waiting meadows- where the heavy harvests are. God, God, the sowing! The coming and the goIngL - The stride and stride t . And swinging wldei ( , m. The little winds a-blowing! " , In the time of growing. A Full the streams' were flowing. "We lay to list the rustle of the grain so proud and tall. And afternoon came creeping Till shadows caught us sleeping. For surely field so noble could need labor none at all. God, God, the growing! The bearding and the glowlngl The lie and wait The long and late The ebbing and the flowing! In the time of mowing, The Master's steel went showing. "We harvested at even what had stood so brave at morn. f And we followed from the reaping "With woe and bitter weeping. To meet the Master's heavy hand, his eyes of wrath and scorn. ' God, God. the mowing! The lean and little showing!. ; The tares in leaf That shamed the sheaf i ,, . "Without our Summer knowing! NOTE AND JDMMENT. We are now Justlfledln calling him the Bear that walks like Crawfish. Pettigrew is deslrou of going to the Philippines. Patriots, 4ilp In and pay his expenses. King Edward Is In tetter health, and his 32 doctors are disagreeing as to tb reason for It. , t Said the Empress of th Russlas., The fact to me Is plait. The. next court costumethat I buy Must have an armoredtraln. The Sultan ha& his trotbles, but he has this year escaped the jote about buying his wives Easter bonnet. "What wonder that the jo,-s of Spring Make bards intoxicated, "When at. this season of tlj year the clouds are dlsslpatm? Why not buy a few m!ll!ns of the new Lewis ahd Clark 10-dollar lotes and send them out to advertise the 905 fair? The eyes are the windows of the soul, but as they are not filled with Spring millinery, they are not espeqally attrac tive at this season of the jear. The "Hands that the rijd of empire might have swayed" are now getting ready to be shaken by the multitudes la various remote sections of tie country. It ain't fur me to crltlcl3c the cUtom that has made I The Spring the time fur womn folks to be out on. parade; i I like to see their bran'-new cSes as well aa any one, l3ut still the way they showt them off Is sometimes overdone. T You may not think the way I del but you will see I'm right. 1 It you will trouble to drop In I theater to night f- It used to be, as we all know.fthat women folks would wear L Their hats plumb through the etinlng when they congregated there, L An' heartn" what the actqrs said ias all that you an m V Could do; It wasn't any use to everttry to see. An then the Council passed a law to help us down-trod chaps, ? And wcnen had to take their hatsfand keep 'em in their lops. r "Well, thlncs went different after IhaV on" ev'ry time we'd go ' To see a play we all felt sure we oouju enjoy the show. ';. But, now the new Spring hats laeom It's more than womankind J Can do to keep from showln' them to them that sits behind. I There ain't no law so powerful or fear-jom- pellln' that I A woman won't defy It cold to wear anew Spring hat. r An so- things at the theater Is like they ased to be; r The men that sits clear down In front' i the only ones that see, L An back of them's a wavln field of pjraea an flowers gay t A-lookln like a street parade on Decojjtlon Day. I It makes no difference 'bout the law; 113 al ways sure to be Too weak to keep from beta broke by female vanity. f Here is a new anecdote of Mark Taln; He once had an engagement to lecpre In a small town In sayr-the Westeh Re serve, and was met at the rallwy sta tion by the minister, as the lefler of Intellectual society in the plact The minister welcomed the distinguish vis itor, and as they walked up to he par sonage where .Mark was to be hosed and fed during his stay, his host nversed on several topics and finally sal: "Mr. Clemens, It ha3 always been ocp custom. In this little town, to open evpr enter tainment -given here with 'praiwy an. 1 should like to do so tonight, lagreeable to you. Woul'd you have any section to my doing so?" "Why, my dejr sir," re plied Mark, warmly, "on theiontrary. It will give me great pleasure-4 should be very glad to know that thelecture was going to be started right, cfyhow." So with this understanding tlfy went to the lecture-room that everrtg, and the mlnlctM loft tho 1otiror attinir in tho corner of the platform, tookthe center of inn siuice iiiiuseiL uiiu uiuwu - a prayer about half an ho course of which he gave long. In the Is views on all current affairs of Int str and con- eluded by saying; "And n , O Lord, wo have 'with us tonight man who la known throughout all the world as tho irreat American humorist Help us, u "Cord helti us to understihd what he la about to say to us. and tf be amused by itr and. if possible, grait that we may derive some real benefl from his lec ture." PLEASANTRIES OF PAaAGRAPHERS A Genius Indeed. Stubb 3ow, Halton' wife Is what I call a genlui Ptnn Ah? Stubb Yes; she can make a shopphgbag from last year's Hammock." Chlcaga tfews. Arithmetical Backing "JPmmy, Sammy says you had more caramels tftan the rest of the children." "Well, ma, I seen they wouldnt go 'round again, an' so I Jes' had to eatem." Detroit Free Prens. Unselfish.-Sweet Glrl-ta, your loye for m& absolutely unselflsht AoWgfr. .resolutely. Sweet Girl Then I wish; you'd go somewhere elsoT tonight Jack Hansom promised to call. New Y'ork "Weekly. The Inustlcr of It "If I ah'd die, Mollle, ye'd buy'i folne suit o elbthea fr me. wudn't ye?" "Av coorse I wud. Larry Y know that." "While I'm alive, though, ye think rummage sale stuff Is good enough fr me, do ye.?" Chicago Tribune. Positive-Proof. Brlggs Clingstone said when he marrlot Mlsi Foxey that he thought her father had money to hurn, and he was right Brlggs What did the old m&n dot "Burned up the chect he gave them for a wedding present" Llje. One Sufflclett Tommy Mamma, give Elsie an apple, won't you? Mamma I suppose you'll want one for yourself, then, foot Tom myNo. Just g've one to Elsie. We're going to play Adam nd Eve, and she's going to. tempt me. Philadelphia Press. Providential. "You were talking," said the sympathetic fflan tto the veteran motorman. "of the car jetting beyond your control ana rushing down a steep grade with terflnc rapid ity I cannot understand how you escaped with your life." -"Ah, sir. the escape was providential." replied the motorman. "Just as the car was about? to Jump the track- and hurl us ovr a high precipice, a gang of labor ers unconsciously got in the way and brought us to an easy stop." Harper's Bazar. Ttto Gods. Sam Walter Fcss in New England Magaalne, I. A boy was born 'mid little things, Between a. little world pnd sky And dreamed not of the cosmic rings Round which the circling planetsfly. He lived In little works and thoughts. Where little ventures grow and plod. And paced and plowed his little ploU, And prayed unto his little God. But as the mighty system grew His faith grew faint with mViny scars; The Cosmos widened In his view But God was lost among His stars. II. Another boy In lowly days, 'w As he, to little things was bonl, But gathered lore In woodland ways, And from the glory of the mdrn As wider skies broke on hi vlewj God greatened In his growing mind; Each year he dreamed his God anew, And left his older God behind. He saw the boundless scheme dilate, In star and blossom, sky and olodjt V And as the universe grew great. He dreamed for It a greater God.