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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 8, 1901)
8 THE MORNING OBEG,ONIAN, MONDAY, APRIL ; 8, 1901. COLLEAGUE OF BENTON'S DE, JASK CHATHPIOSfED OREGON'S GAUSS IJf THE SEXATE. Underctood the Possibilities of tlie 'West and Urged American Expansion. Dr. Louis Fields .inn, who "was a United States Senator from -Missouri -when this country was expanding toward the Paclnc,' was an ardent champion of Oregon. His reply to Senator McDuffle. of South Caro lina, -was one of the most forceful speeches on the Oregon bill.' O.'H. Smith," -who -was one of the Indiana- Senators, describes Senator Linn in "'Early Trials In Indiana,'' as a "plain, direct and intelligent" speaker. d"The mind of Senator Linn," says Senator Smith, "was "West, and while his own Missouri was never absent from him, the still farther "West, the great slope between the Hocky Mountains and the Pacific, was ever present to him; the territory of Oregon, the country on the Columbia River, the Valley of the Wil lamette, were cherished objects of his Senatorial regard." J. M. Greenwood, superintendent of eltj schools of Kansas City, Mo., in an ad dress delivered before the Greenwood Club, of Kansas City, outlined the career of Dr. Linn, whose professional and public services, he said, "ought to be better toiown to the people of Missouri, and more fully understood and appreciated by the people at large." Mr. Greenwood said: Dr. Lewis Fields Linn's ancestors emi grated from Pennsylvania to Kentucky tioon after the Revolutionary War, and settled near the City of Louisville, Ky., where Lewis Pields was born, November 6, 1795. At the time of young Linn's birth, both banks of the Ohio Kiver were the hunting grounds and fastnesses of bloodthirsty and ferocious Indians, who spared neither persons, property, age nor sex. They were indiscriminate butchers. Both of the grandparents of Dr. Linn with seven members of their families, fell -victim to the merciless and bloody scalplng-kntfe. His intrepid grandfather. Colonel William Linn, after having passed through the stormy period of the Revo lution, Anally gave up his life in battle against the Indians in a conflict on the Ohio River near Louisville. Dr. Linn's father was named Asael, and his mother, Ann Hunter, who was twice married: first, to Israel Dodge, of Louisville, the father of General Henry Dodge, who was Governor of Wisconsin territory and Delegate to Congress, and from 1848 to 1S57, United States Senator from that state. He died at Burlington, la., June 13, 1867. He was also the father of Augustus C. Dodge, who was born in St. Genevieve, Mo., January 2, 1812, and represented Iowa in the Senate from 1848 to 1855. After the death of her first hus band, Israel Dodge, Mrs. Ann Hunter Dodge married Asael Linn, of Louisville, Ky., the father of Lewis F. and Mary Ann Linn. She never lived to learn the gratifying fact that two of her sons, Henry Dodge and Tlewls Fields Linn, and one of her grandsons, Augustus C. Dodge, were members of the United States Sen ate, and during periods nearly simulta neous. The two children, Mary Ann and Lewis Fields, were left orphans early in life, Mary at the age of 14 and Lewis at 12. Between them a remarkable similarity of character and personal appearance exist ed. Both were handsome in form and features; both were endowed with a pre cocious self-reliance and an elevated and fearless spirit. Their dispositions were genial, buoyant and cheerful. Mary's was that of the continuous sunshine without shadow; but Lewis' was more of light and shadow. Her proverbial brightness preserved the equilibrium of the two. Upon entering the Senate, Dr. Linn first acquainted himself with the routine du ties of his position, and he addressed himself diligently to the work that was to be done, and how It should be accom plished. Indifferent at first to his own ""powers as a public speaker, he devoted much of his time chiefly to the private claims of Missouri. By his quiet, dignified, courte ous manner, he soon won the respect of every member in the Senate without re gard to party affiliation. His intellectual faculties were of a high order, and he was resolute, courageous and ardent in every pursuit in which his energies were enlisted. Political Career. When he entered the Senate, party feel ing ran high, and the senior Senators "were rather averse to forming intimate acquaintances with the new Senators of the opposite party, except there was some strong social or Intellectual tie, but in the case of Dr. Linn this was not so in any sense. Yet be had been in the Sen ate some" time before anything beyond the mere common civilities of life had been interchanged between him and Mr. Clay. The following touching incident will il lustrate this trait in Dr. Linn's charac ter: "One of Mr. Clay's sons had come to visit him in Washington, and a few days after his arrival, ie was taken very sick and his case was regarded as hope less. Many of Mr. Clay's warm personal friends had received medical aid from Dr. Linn, and they urged Mr. Clay to send for him. Mr. Clay said it was impossible to ask such a favor, as he was scarcely acquainted with the doctor, and he knew the doctor would receive no remunera tion for his services. Young Clay grew rapidly worse, and finally Mr. Clay sent a note to Dr. Linn inviting him to come as a 'Good Samaritan,' and strive to save the precious life of his son. Mr. Clay met the doctor at the door of the sick room, his countenance expressing the deepest anxiety. He said: 'Doctor, I thank you with all my heart for coming to see my son, but It Is too late. I am cpnfident his hours are numbered; my" dear boy must die. After an examina tion of the patient, the doctor said? 'Mr. Clay, trust your son to me; go to the Senate, and should my vote be wanted for Missouri, send for me; in the mean time I will stay with your son, using every effort with God's blessing to save his life.' The son was restored to health, and the closest and warmest friendship sprang up between these two men which lasted while they lived," Notwithstanding the demands made upon Dr. Linn's time, both public and social, he kept ' constantly in mind the wants of the people of Missouri and of the great West, and he devoted much energy toward developing the great nat ural resources of his state. He sent a lump of iron from Iron Mountain, weigh ing two tons, to Paris for the scientists to inspect as to its properties. They re ported that it was of the very best qual ity, and for most purposes superior to any they had seen. Also some of the pure white sand which is so prevalent in the Southeastern part of the state near where he lived he had taken to Pittsburg to be tried In the glass works there, and, upon trial, it was found to make the most beautiful of glassware. Not satis fied with a knowledge of the progress of mining In this country, and believing that Missouri held Inexhaustible treasures of the useful metals, he decided to visit the mines of Europe, and to bring home with him experienced miners who could in struct our people in this subject, which then was so imperfectly understood. So highly pleased was Colonel A. D. Stew art, Paymaster United States Army, with this enterprise, that he tendered Dr. Linn what money -ihe could readily command, and his credit, for any amount he might find necessary, to carry out his plans on a larger scale. While In Europe, he sent many very Interesting letters home to his family, giving lively occounts of what he' saw. One of his letters from London, Septem ber 17, 1839. is published In his life. Here is an extract: "I will commence where I left off in my longest letter. I took lodg ing in a boarding-house kept by an Eng lish woman on the plan of an American house. She is short, thick, fat. loqua cious, obsequious .to those above her, and . tvrant to those, below: keen, sarcastic unfeeling and avaricious these are her principal virtues., .Her daughter, JMIss F., is about 22. years of age, above the ordinary stature, qulfe fat, or rather as a Frenchman would say, inclined to "em bonpoint,' with a tolerably handsome face, shaded very much by a profusion of dark brown curls of her own, or bor rowed from the dead or bought from the living cannot say which. She plays well on the piano and harp, and speaks the French remarkably well. She is certain ly an accomplished woman, and would she permit common sense to have fair play, would be an Interesting one. She assumes the delicate, sensitive, languish ing, lacadalslcal beauty. Her eyes are usually cast down, and a half-sleepy and dreamy expression.". He was a modest man In the Senate, distrustful at first of his own ability, yet there was nothing in the Mississippi Val ley or ,the far West that escaped his at tention. After settling many of the land claims under the Spanish and French grants, and determining what claims were valid and what ones Invalid, he gave much attention towards putting the Western country In a state of defense against the large bodies of Indian tribes that had been settleS by the Government along the borders of Wisconsin,. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana. Nat urally sensitive on the Indian question, he earnestly sympathized with the pio neer settlers, and he was their greatest advocate In the Senate. Many of the Indian tribes had been removed from the older states "by the General Government and located along the border settlements. He claimed that these acts were made in the interests of the older states and to free them from the Indians as a disturb ing element, hence it was only justice to the newer states and territories that a sufficient military force should be sta tioned along the Western frontier to keep the Indians in awe as well as to prevent their depredations on persons and prop erty. He was continually in dread of a general uprising of the Indians extend ing from our Northern boundary to the Gulf of Mexico. He knew well the In dians' thirst for plunder as well as re venge, and how easy It would be to ex cite this inflammable matter to burn, murder and destroy, and that were they hard pressed by the soldiers, they could easily fly to the plains which lay back of them, rendering pursuit and punish ment exceedingly difficult. Dr. Linn be lieved most thoroughly In preventive measures against combinations and bor der wars. Whatever measures were enacted by Congress touching the Indian question during the 10 years he was in the Senate were due almost entirely to his efforts. When he spoke upon this or any other topic, he confined himself strictly to a statement of the facts in the premises, and the deductions that could bo logically drawn from the data Involved. A Firm Friend of Oregon. Another subject of the deepest solici tude to Dr. Linn was for our Government to gain possession of Oregon so as to exclude the English from it. He was the best-informed man in the Senate on the Oregon question, and he was unwilling that this country should be partially dis possessed of. any part of that vast re gion, or to share her title with any other nation. On February 7, 183S, Senator Linn introduced a bill authorizing the occupation, of the Columbia or Oregon River, establishing a territory north of latitude 42 degrees, and west of the Rocky Mountains, to be called Oregon Territo ry. Some discussion followed the Intro duction of the bill, and eventually Mr. Linn made one of the clearest and most 'convincing reports on the Oregon Terri tory that was ever submitted to the Sen ate. His report is a complete historical and legal presentation of the entire sub ject, including every incident of import ance connected with the territory from the time the Americas first claimed the country to June 6, 1838. It is one of the ablest papers ever presented to the Sen ate. The rise, the progress and the his tory of the entire era Is traced with great and exact minuteness. All claims by Spain, Russia and England are pre sented with great fairness. This report is the basis upon which all subsequent historical discussions are based. It shows to the best advantage the resources, the breadth and extent of his information, and the wide range of subjects which he had mastered, arranged and classified. Had this report been the only thing he ever did In the Senate, It would entitle him to the foremost rank as a statesman, and yet his name is scarcely mentioned in history in connection with Oregon. On December 11, 1838, he introduced a bill authorizing the, occupation of the Oregon Territory, which was read twice and referred to a special committee, con sisting of Mr. Linn, chairman; Mr. Cal houn, Mr. Clay, Mr. Walker and Mr. Pierce. On January 28, 1839, he presented the memorial from the citizens of Oregon Territory. This petition was signed by J. S. Whltcomb and 35 others, residing south of the Columbia River, praying Congress to extend rotectlon to their settlements and embrace Oregon under Federal Jurisdiction. In the advocacy of the passage of his bill, Senator Linn pointed out that the occupation by the United States of Oregon would secure the sources of vast wealth in the fur trade, the fisheries, the trade with Cal ifornia, the Hawaiian Islands, China and Japan and the Orient in general. He prophesied many things that have since come to pass, dwelt upon the magnifi cent scenery of Oregon, Its fertility of soil, and the mildness of Its climate, con cluding with the statement that Its pos session was Important and delay in oc cupation dangerous. Mr. Linn believed that the time had come when the United States should stretch- Its protecting arm over all Its citizens residing In the Oregon Territory. He brought forward different bills hav ing for their object the same general purpose. Thus matters stood till August 31, 1842, when Mr. Linn asked permission to address the Senate concerning the oc cupation of the Oregon Territory. He ar gued again that this country should as sert Its title' to Oregon, and enact meas ures to encourage immigration, and to take such other steps as the urgency of the situation seemed to aemand. His re marks were .pointed, clear and convinc ing, but his friends urged him not to press the Issue at this session owing to the negotiations' then pending between Great Britain and the United States, and so the matter was held In abeyance until February 6, 1843, when the "Senate, by a vote of 24 to 22, passed the bill. Thus Dr. Linn, after laboring Incessantly for five years, had at last the satisfaction of seeing the bill pass the Senate and his efforts crowned with partial success. The following tribute from a speech delivered by Senator Benton In St. Louis, shortly after Dr. Linn's death, will set this mat ter In its appropriate light: "But how can I omit the last great act, as yet un finished, in which his whole soul was engaged at the time of his death. The bill for the settlement and occupation of Oregon was his, and he carried It through the Senate when his colleague, who now addresses you, could not have done it. This Is another historical truth, fit to be made on this occasion, and in which is now declared to this large and re spectable assembly under all the circum-' stances which Impart solemnity to the declaration. He carried that bill through the Senate, and it was the measure of a statesman. Just to the settler, it was wise to the Government." Senator Linn worked In another cause In the Senate, for the passage of a bill to remit the fine which had been Im posed on General Jackson for proclaim ing martial law in New Orleans in 1815. This was one of the best speeches the Senator ever delivered, and it shows, the same deep grasp of the subject as does his Teport on the Oregon Territory. His whole heart and soul were In it. He re garded the fine imposed on General Jack son as an act of the grossest injustice. These were the motives that prompted Mm. They were honorable, manly, just and humane. Reply to Senator McDulQe. Replying to Senator McDuffie, of South Carolina, when the. Oregon bill was pend ing. Senator Linn said: "These are the views of those who look only to the earthly rewards of hazardous enterprise: But "the Eastern 'States fur nish others, whom a sacred call has led to trace the pathless wilderness, careless "Of all human protection; who, in the true spirit of Christian philanthropy, have braved every privation and danger to carry to the valleys of the Oregon and the Willamette the light of the Gospel, and Its attendant, civilization; accom plishing there by their devotedness, those noble benefits which it was your part to have performed. The Christian spirit of men has outstripped the" tardy' policy and goodness of the Government, and these Gospel-bearers have at once formed a paradise, where your statesmen, imagined nothing but sterile sands, or. a surface blackened by volcanic fires. "Of the horrors of such a sojourn, the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. McDuf fie) seems to have formed a particularly lively conception, and has conveyed It (as was to be expected) In a. very "power ful form. Had he (he said) an honest or deserving son, who desired to immigrate thither, he would say to him: 'Don't go; stay where you are.' But had he' one fit for a convict-ship or Botany Bay, he would tell him without hesitation.; 'Go, by all means.' Now, for the- Senator's Information, I beg to read a few well authenticated descriptions of this blasted land of his. The reports of the mission aries, and the narratives of Captain Vl -SfeiXS-i, vAviu .": j- f -vv . CHAMPIONED OREGON'S CAUSE IN THE SENATE. nMOMHMMMaaBMMMiaam DR. LEWIS FIELDS LINN, FOR3IERL Y UNITED STATES SENATOR FR03I MISSOURI. Wilkes and of Mr. Peale, the naturalist, give a very different picture. They agree that for picturesque beauty,, for exuber ant" fertility, and for salubrity of climate, no region of the earth 6t equal extent surpasses the vales and table-landsof the Oregon. There, too, they tell you, In stead of the" dissoluteness of such a pop ulation as the Senator thinks it only fit for, are seen gentleness, piety, .intelli gence and peace, which seem to have their chosen seat in the beautiful- valley of the Willamette. Tliey'are law-abiding and law-loving; they are active, yet quiet; no strifes or broils, suicides or murders. No compulsion of the law Is needed to make them pay their debts a contrast on this verge of civilization, as the Sen ator supposes it, at which a portion of his constituents, not to say my own, might well blush. He Is not less mis taken as to the mercenary motive which, he thinks, can alone have led these wan derers so far. Was It such that brought our sturdy ancestors to the Rock of Ply mouth? May not their descendants speed to this further West with like visions of some noble futurity to be realized? There is a fascination In these half-read dreams which I have witnessed and felt; and had I wealth to pay, or could such things be bought, I know not what I would give to have felt the wild and strange rapture with which Boone must have gazed, for the first time, from the summit of the Cumberland Mountains over the match less plain of Kentucky; or, yet again, when he had passed through that Eden like wilderness, and, from the top of one of the mounds of a departed race, looked In bewildered delight over the magnifi cent banks and streams of the Ohio. These, sir, are sensations not to be pur chased. There Is In them no touch of anything mercenary; and they animate men to ventures which no gain can re pay, but which surely, in .finding or founding empires for us, deserve encour agement and protection, as much as any labors of that more sordid kind which seek and make themselves. In safety, re wards at home. There are men who go forth to the wilderness like our first parents, when God sent them forth from the Garden of Eden to subdue the earth. Such feelings, to our own immediate an cestors, shed an Ideal beauty over the barren Rock of Plymouth; one day, un der their all-subduing spirit, to blossom, like the rose. The same Impulse yet ani mates their race, and will bear them across deserts, as of old across the deep give them only the. protection of your laws and the countenance of the Gov ernment. I recollect, Mr. president, at the last session of Congress, to 'have heard a venerable and respected lady say that, when she removed, at the close of the Revolution, from Annapolis to Cum berland, In Maryland, she was looked upon as having gone 'out of the world, and as about to become a semi-savage. In such a light -vvere your forefathers (Mr. Bates, of Massachusetts, In the chair) viewed when, in their forlorn search for freedom, they abandoned the ease of civilized life, and, for freer homes, braved the dangers of the deep and the terrors of a savage shore. They but obeyed the instinct of our peculiar race that invincible longis.gr for liberty and space which Impels those of Anglo-Saxon descent to trace the rudest tracts, the wildest seas, range the Atlantic and In dian waste of waters explore the vast Pacific, arid break through the Icy bar riers of the Polar Oceans. With a spirit renewed from our virgin soil, and from Nature Itself In this untamed continent, it looks back to the land of our fore fathers half ready to spread there the regeneration which constantly agitates Itself. Other nations may enlarge them selves by physical conquests; but we (I thank God for It!) can subdue only by the dominion of mind, the moral em pire of Institutions. If neighboring coun tries are; at any future time, to bo added to our Union, it will be they who will have sought, the blessings of our free Institutions; not we who will have covet ed the enlargement of our territory by conquering fleets and armies. "Sir, I confess that this wealth of the surface, arid the still vaster treasures'1 that He beneath, unmlned but not un known, have awakened irr men, and seem to me to justify, the expectations which the Senator considers so visionary. Overl such a region, the passage from the .rich est valley In the wprld that of the Mis sissippi to a new and wide commercial empire, that must presently start up'-on the Pacific. I, cannot think railroads and canals mere day-dreams. The . wonders which have within the last 20 years been achieved in "these things may well ex cuse those who look uppn the results I have mentioned as possible, even within the compass of .the present , generation. All predictions, even the most sanguine, have In .this country been so distanced by the actual progress of Its, prosperity, that gentlemen who foretell the other way should beware of the error of the MUlerltes, and not "lay the accomplish ment of their prophecies too close at hand. Even In the, faith of the bold en thusiasts who landed at Plymouth Rock was there one ardent enough to Imagine that their descendants would In five cen turies perform what has been effected In two? It was said by General Cass, In his discourse before the Historical Soci ety of this city, 'That he conversed with those 'who had talked with 'the children of the Pilgrims.' In that small space 'of time, what amazing changes! What an empire has risen up, like an exhalation from the earth! A new people has been added .to the great household of nations, and Is already- among the first in the world. There are those among us who have talked with Daniel Boone,' that over land Columbus, who first explored the re- cesses or that immense wilderness in which we now count many states, teem ing with population and wealth, and glad with all the gifts of civilization. What Imagination has yet outstripped 'the gi- gantlc pace at which Improvement marches , along with us? Sir, 1 can well conceive the tumult of delight which must have swelled the bosom of Clark, when, from the bluff he had . gained, he first heard ,the roar of the great ocean, and saw the surges of the Pacific bathing the territory he had explored. In the vision of that, moment, he saw through the dim vista of the future, rising "states of his country, men spreading along. the shore, and the white sails of their commerce wafting along the bosom of that peace ful, sea the barbaric wealth of the East, In return for the more solid fruits of our own industry. One can not read the warm and striking description of what he saw and felt, without sharing in his enthusiasm. Some of those now here have shaken hands with Boone, with Clark, and with Cass, who have often conversed with a relative, a contempo rary, of the first-born of the Pilgrim Fathers. What a picture does this pre sent for 'the contemplation of the states man and philosopher! The chain Is com plete from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans from the first-born of Massachu setts to Clark on the borders . of the Western Ocean." Lieutenant Fremont's-TExpedltion. A communication was received from the War Department, in answer tqa call heretofore made for the report m Lieu tenant Fremont's expedition -to the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Linn moved that It be printed for the use of tie Senate; and also that 1000 extra copies be printed. "In support of his motion," Mr. Linn said, "that in the course -of the last Sum mer a very interesting expedition had been undertaken to the Rocky Moun tains, ordered by Colonel Abert, chief of the Topographical Bureau, with the sanc tion, of the Secretary of War, and exe cuted by Lieutenant Fremont, of the to pographical engineers. The object of the expedition was to examine and report upon the rivers and country between the frontiers of Missouri and the base of the Rocky Mountains; and especially to ex amine the character, and ascertain the latitude and longitude of the South Pass, the great crossing-place to these moun tains on the way to Oregon. All the ob jects of the expedition nave been accom plished, and In a way to be beneficial to science and Instructive to the general reader, as well as useful to the Govern ment. . . "Supplied with the best astronomical and barometrical instruments, well qual ified to use them, and accompanied by 25 voyageurs, enlisted for the purpose at St. Louis, and trained to all the hardships and dangers of the pralrieu and the moun tains, Mr. Fremont left the mouth of the Kansas, on the frontiers of Missouri, on the 10th day of June; and, In the almost Incredibly short space of four months returned to the same point, without an accident to a man, and with a vast mass of useful observations, and many hundred specimens of botany and geology. "In executing his instructions, Mr. Fre mont proceeded up the Kansas 'River far enough to ascertain Its character, and then crossed over to the Great Platte, and pursued that river to Its source In the mountains, where 'the 'Sweetwater (a head branch of the Platte) Issues from the neighborhood of the South Pass. He reached the pass on August 8, and de scribes It as a wide and low depression of the mountains, where the ascent is as easy as that of a hill on which this Capitol stands, and where a plainly beat en wagon road leads to the Oregon through the valley of Lewis' River, a fork of the Columbia. He went through the pass, and saw the headwaters of the Colorado, of the Gulf of California; and, leaving the valleys to Indulge In laudable curiosity, and to make some useful ob servations, and attended by four of his men, he climbed the loftiest peak of the Rocky Mountains; and especially to ex amine the character, and ascertain the elevations of the plains, and the courses of the rivers, on August 15, he looked down upon Ice and snow some thousand feet below, and traced in the distance the valleys, of the rivers which, taking their rise in the same elevated ridge, flow in opposite directions to the Pacific Ocean and to the Mississippi. From that ulti mate point he returned by the valley of the Great Platte, following .the stream in Its whole course, and solving all ques tions in- relation to Its navigability, and the character of the country through which it flows. "Over the whole course of this extend ed route, barometrical obseryatlons were- made by Mr. Fremont, to ascertain ele vations, 'both -of the plains and of the mountains, astronomical observations were taken, -to ascertain latitudes and longitudes the face of the country was marked as arable or sterile;" the facility Of traveling, and the practicability of routes, "noted; the grand features of na ture described and some presented in drawings i military positions indicated; and a! large contribution to 'geology and botany, was. made In the Varieties of plants, flowers, shrubs, trees and grasses, and rocks arid earths, which were enu merated. Drawings of some grand and striking points, arid a map of the whole rotite, Illustrate the report, and facilitate the understanding of Its details. Eight carts, drawn by two mules each, accom panied the expedition; a fact which at tests the facility of traveling In this vast region. Herds of buffaloes furnished sub sistence to the men;i a .short, nutritious grass sustained the horses and mules. Two boys (one of 12 years of age, the other of 18), b'esldes the enlisted men, accompanied the expedition, and took their, share of Its hardships; which proves that boys, as well as men. are able to traverse the country to the Rocky Moun tains. "The result of all his observations Mr. Fremont had condensed Into a brief re portenough to make a document of 90 or 100 pages; and, believing that the document would be of general Interest to the whole country, and beneficial to science, as well as useful to the Govern ment. I move the printing of the extra number which has been named. "In making this motion, and In bring ing this report to the notice of the Sen ate, I take a great pleasure In noticing the activity and importance of the Topo graphical Bureau. Under its skillful and vigilant head (Colonel Abert), numerous valuable and incessant surveys are made; and a mass of Information collected of the highest importance to the country generally, as well as to the military branch of the public service. This report proves conclusively that the country, for several hundred miles from the frontier of the Missouri, Is exceedingly beautiful and fertile; alternate woodland and pral rle( and certain portions well supplied with water. It also proves that the val ley of the River Platte has a very rich soil, affording great facilities for emi grants to the west of the Rocky Moun tains." The printing was ordered. In March, 1843, as Dr. Linn was re turning home from Washington, he caught a severe cold, which came very nearly ending his life, and, although he recovered, he did not regain his usual health; lingering, he expired suddenly October 3, 1813. As soon as his death be came known, meetings were held In every county In the State of Missouri, for the purpose of paying tribute to the memory of the lamented 'statesman. Letters of condolence were received from many of the most distinguished statesmen and citizens throughout the country, and Wisconsin and Iowa, then territories, mourned his death as If he had been their own honored Senator. He had represent ed both territories so ably In the Senate that their citizens felt with deepest grat itude and affection what he had done for them, and both Legislatures, after pro nouncing most beautiful eulogies, passed appropriate resolutions in each body to wear mourning for him and to send let ters of condolence to his widow and fam ily. Such was the affection In which he was held. AT THE HOTELS. THE PORTLAND. A Hazolton. N Y L Friend, N Y J S Levy,- San Fran J Craig, Sllverton B H Cooper. Chicago J W Collins. San Fran F W Bullock, Chicago J A Chadbourne, S F L F Starks, San Fran F J Stroebel, Utlca F W Pettygrove, -S F E C Kemtelder. Seattle' H Tonjos, N Y. W F Little. Boston is Marsh, -Newark C A Tousey, Chicago G A Cook .and wife, Chicago M Franklin. N Y J A Young, S F A H Wise, Sioux City J B Brewster, San Frn L O Leonard and' wife, J H Rohr; 'New York Capt C E Hlnkle, S F Butte H F Norton. Seattle M J Wax. city C G Smithy city G W Hazen and wife, city H B Friend. N Y Mrs ,H E Friend, do E Milner and wife. Providence, R I Mr and Mrs J D Stand lsh and chid, Detroit J Heller and wife, do J H Seymour, Astoria Mr and Mrs Leo Peter MIsa J Stand Ish, do Sam KTnlsly, N Y A B Stewart, Seattle H "Whitman, Boston F J'Skilton. Boston son, .city C H McLeod. Missoula J M Keith. Missoula A E Stewart and wife, Seattle B F "Van Bekan, Evansville, Ind G W Skennington, Oakland City, Ind H Burkhardt. N Y A X Land, New York F T McHenry. N r Max Flahn. "Tele phone Girl" Co C Spauldlng and wife. Concord, Me W A Semple, Albany J L Emerson, Pa C D Donahue. Mich P J HImmelly, San Frn J C Fenton, San Fran J H Gay and wife. 'Josephine Stanton Henry Haiiam W H Fullwood, A C Pell. W H Fullwood J Clarence Harvey and wife Lillle West W H Mead, Brooklyn Philadelphia Miss Sue Seymour, do E J Martineau. Phila l McLaine. Phila Mrs R F Piatt, city T H Curtis, Astoria J M Boyd, "Victoria W E Tallant, Astoria THE PERKINS. E Pike, Goldendale L Jacobsen, Chicago D H Glass, Seattle W H H Dufur. Dufur J A Symon. Astoria A J Johnson, Astoria G F Stone, Seattle W S Lysons, Kelso J Meisei, Vancouver Mrs J Meisei, do A E Cook, McMinn C L Stewart, Puyallup Mrs C L Stewart, do U G Berry, Peoria H HIrshborg. Inde pendence, Or Mrs G Linsdale, Salem P J Hayseeder, S F Miss S Seymour, N Y E J Martiner, N Y' Mrs A Ohmast, Salem E E Williams. Or City L R Salyards, Loula . ville, Ky M Koehler, Tacoma Wm Miller, La Grande Oscar Tlbbetts, Walla Walla G M Davis, La Grande L H Baey, Kockiora H Emerson, Seattle J DeLacy, Cooley Co H Armour, Cooley Co Sydney Piatt, do C F RuDell. Seattle F Warrant, Des Moins C A Lindner, urana Rapids, Mich Ed Boyer, do L E Crown Dalles G W Crosfleld, Wasco Mrs G W Crosneld. do W A Johnson. Dalles J H Henderson. Salem R Dunn. Portland I R S Henderson, Salem J R Colllver, Aurora Mra J R Colllver. do F C Whlttier, Cath- lamet Mrs F C Whlttier, do G H Taylor, Kalama J T Doyle, Kalama B Senders, Kalama H J Meyer. Kalama J P Oliver, Kalama THE IMPERIAL. W. Knowles, Manager. Senator Peel L O Leonard, -Butte Mra Leonard. Butte B J Ereckson, Los Angeles Mrs B J Ereckson, d C E Lytic Shanlko H Sherman, Salt.Lake G O Morse, umana W L Bradshaw, Dalles H R Emlemen, Duluth Mrs Emleben, Duluth Miss Emleben, Duluth W Rasmussan, do E N Jones, Spokane R Jacobson, city Master Jacobson, city Miss I Dale, city Al Ellis, city M Schloss, city I Sylvester, Chicago J C Stoss, Helena C A Pague. San Fran E J Frazer, San Fran Mrs Frazer. San Fran T W Potter, Chemawa H N Sloudenmeyer, do jMre Lytle, Shanlko j Peterson, Minn Judd Geer, Cove" E L Smith, Hood Rvr J B W Johnston, Ta coma B S Smith, Seatttle Mrs Smith. Seattle G T Preston, Hood Rvr T J O'Keefe, Omaha C A West, St Lguls G P Mills, Montana Mrs Mills, Montana A Foster, Little Falls Mrs Foster, Little Falls J N Castle, Minn H A Snyder, Aurora E W Trenholm, Spo kane, Wash H G Stafford, N Y C B Rice. New York J H Robblns. Sumpter J H Raley, Pendleton R A Farmer, U S Geo Survey C E Hill. do 'Ben Rosenfeld. S F Clarence Johnson, do T T Geer, Salem R L Jeffery, Astoria H A Calef. Astoria Miss N Jeffery, Astoria THE ST. J Mandrv. Marshland CHARLES. J Batsford, city E Carroon, Cathlamet C W Purdin, Hillsborc W Carver, Horrlson- vllle C B Johnson, Ilwaco G T Peer, Portland J H Pearson, White Salmon O Relnseth. Kalama G Weeks, Kalama C E Doughty, Hllls- C Johnson. Hlllsboro Annie Burmsgaard, Skamokawa E J Wood. McMinnvlllo J Bedford, Duluth M Hogan, Drain John Hogan, Drain E Lelay, New York H Hermsen, St Louis M Toms, Salem G McCarn, Michigan H Kuyler. Long Bech J Featherstone, ao C M Start. Gerrysberg Mrs B F Coe, Astoria -John McLean, Mich a nnhl. Astoria I A Mclntyre, St Louis J A Johnson, Goble John Hoffman, Goble S A Heaton. Kalama J G Slingerland, Se attle. AVash Mrs J G Slingerland, Seattle, Wash , F Rhode. Waseva J P. Richardson, Deep River Wm Costello, do John Green, city A D Monroe. Rainier r Wnim. Hoauiam J E Heaton, Kalama P Ryan, Deep River J C Pembroke, city Jas Harvey, San Fran T L Graves, La Grande B F Hanlon, Eendleton A R Logan. Prlnevllle H Glenn, The Dalles O Steele. Aberdeen N Nelson, Humptullps R Strlngham, oo I Hotel DrnnHvrlclc, Seattle. r.iinnann. flT'ct-nlnV'C Rfltfl.Q. r HTlA tir One block from depot. Restaurant next door. Tacoma Hotel. Tacoma. American plan. Rates, $3 and up. Donnelly Hotel, .Tacoma. EuroDeannlan. Rates. 60c and us. FORMING OF PARTIES BEGINNING OF POLITICAL LIFE IN MANILA. Sensation Canned br Carman Inci dentHatred of the Friars Recent Events. MANILA, Feb. 23. (Special Correspond ence.) The Catholic party and the Fed eral party constitute the two political or ganizations of Manila at the present time. The last named was the first formed. It Is a political party organized for the ap parent Durpose of assisting the Govern ment in the pacification of the Islands. The Federalists, so called I suppose from their avowed sympathy with the United States Government, are mostly Filipinos, the leaders being men who are ex-afflclals In the Insurgent government, as the two Paternos. Maximo and Pedro, Felipe Buencamo, Pardo Tavera and others well known In the political circles of the archipelago. The Cathqllc party Is com posed of Spaniards and natives. It was called Into being not to oppose the polit ical principles of the newly formed. Fed eral party, but Is antagonistic to It on religious grounds. The Federalists are in favor of a complete disestablishment of church and state. They are bitterly opposed to the friars, and Intensely antl-Spanlsh in sentiment. Their views, should they prevail, would go far to completely revolutionize the ancient order of things In the Islands. Could they have their way the monaster ies would be disestablished, and the brotherhoods expelled from the country. During the discussion over the recently enacted school law. the Federalists, by their representative before the commis sion, strenuously urged striking out a pro vision permitting priests and clergymen to teach in the buildings devoted to 'edu cational purposer. The relative positions of the two par ties regarding educational and religious questions cannot be better illustrated than by the action taken by the representative of the Catholic party during the pendency of the same bill. Vhlle the Federalists moved to strike out the section entirely, as savoring of the union of church and state, the representative of the Catholic party moved an amendment to the effect that the teaching shou'd be confined to Catholic priests, and that none but Catho lic teachers should be employed in the schools. There seems to be an utter misconcep tion or want of conception of American institutions and political systems among the people' here of either party. The Fili pino women some time since formed a peace league, which many American women have joined. An effort was made by the native members to obtain signa tures to a petition to the Military Gov ernor praying the release of the pris oners of war, a somewhat peculiar meas ure during the existence of hostilities, but one may expect anything proceeding from a Filipino or Filipino origin. The Issuing of this circular seems to have somewhat checked the ardour of the American women who had connected themselves with the league. The situation here Is very interesting. There arc Indications of a general break ing up of pre-existing orders and so ciety. A spirit of uneasiness and dis quietude prevails. The religious world Is apparently undergoing a change. New polltlncal societies are being formed. The business world has been thrown Into a ferment by the recent arrest of D. A. Carman, a prominent business man from the United States, who Is charged with traffic with the enemy. If the allegations against him are true, the offense runs perilously near the line of treason. Car man came here a poor man, as Is gen erally understood, and rumor makes him worth anywhere up to $2,000 000 or J3,0CO,O0O. It should be remembered, however, that In Manila dollars are Mexican, and any sum therein expressed must be divided In half to mean American money. Carman was In the good grace of General Otis from the first. It Is said that Mrs. Car man was related to the wife of the Mili tary Governor. For the purpose of ob taining Information Carman was furnished with a pass permitting him to go within Insurgent lines. At that early day after the American occupation, the produce of the provinces, such as hemp, copra, etc., was rotting In heaps, awaiting shipment. It Is alleged that Carman bought up great quantities of the stuff, and, when the port was opened, took advantage of the market, making immense profits. Since his arrest no disclosures have been made. How far his transactions were covered by his pass, and to what extent.if any, he trespassed- beyond the limits 'permit ted by the pass are questions to which the public anxiously await responses. There are grave suspicions entertained as to the legality of the dealings of prominent firms with the Insurgents, the matter of Carman Is, however, more seri ous, being the acts of an American citi zen. . It Is highly probable that business firms gave forced contributions to In surgent leaders for the purpose of pro tecting their property. While, legally speaKlng, this would be no defense. It Is a matter of doubt whether any action will ever be taken In such matters. Senor Felipe Buencamlno, a former In surgent official, and a present member of the Federal party, has Inaugurated a se cession from the Catholic church. This Is another new movement of which it Is dif ficult to predict the result. The religious question In the Philippines Is of all the most peculiar. The people are well nigh unanimously Catholics, yet the natives are intensely hostile to the friars, or mem bers of the religious brotherhoods. The Spanish population is a friend and ad herent of the friars, and as a rule does not like the natives, or Chinese Mestizos. In the Spanish population Is found what may be appropriately termed the old Cath olics, th Federalists representing the new Catholics. The line of demarcation Is the Monastic orders, the former adhering to the religious brotherhoods, the latter urging their expulsion from the country. The natives, as before stated, are Catho lics, but demand the admission of the Filipino priests to all sacradotal offices, and, as I understand, claim possession of the church property, and demand that the large landed estates of the brotherhoods be appropriated by the state and parti tioned In small holdings among the na tive population. The agrarian sentiment seems deeply rooted among the people. In the Island of Negros lives a celebrated character known as Papa Islo, of Yslo, who com mands a band of fanatical followers, at tached to their leader by bonds appar ently partly religious, partly political. Papa Islo does not "seem, to be an Insurg ent, but to lead an outlaw band, which has united with the Insurgents, and the Insurgents with them, for mutual advan tages, or as Is likely the case, thieves and outlaws have taken the role of ln surrectos, and joined with Papa Islo for purposes of pillage. The former com manding officer of Negros states that Papa Islo promised his followers to de stroy the sugar plantations, drive away the men of white faces, put a stop to the cultivation of sugar, and that only palay or rice should be raised, and the island be divided Into small farms for the benefit of the people. Jealousy of the large landed holdings of the friars, whether well founded or not, seems to be the real cause of the hos tility of the native people. There seems to be a deep-sated agrarian sentiment among the more Intelligent of the natives throughout the Islands. I mean by the more Intelligent those who may be con sidered civilized in distinction to the sav age or-half-savage tribes. The land ques tion Is perhaps the mqst serious and diffi cult with which the commission will have to deal In legislating- for these Islands. W. F. NORRIS. The Tehnelche, Southern Patagonia. National Geographic Magazine. As a people, though not the race of giants they were commonly reported to be by most early writers, the Tehuelches I are, nevertheless, decidedly above the average- size. Of the 300 Tehuelches living between Santa Cruz River and the Strait of Magellan, I should place the average height of the men at not less than 5 feet 11 inches, with an average weight of 175 pounds, while the fully grown, women (those above 24 years of age) I should estimate at 5 feet 7 Inches, and of an average weight of but little, if any, ehort of that of the men. This lack of disparity between the physical development of the sexes Is paralleled also in their mental development. It Is noteworthy, and 13 due very largely to the division of labor among them. The labor necessary for the support of the family is more ecjually divided between husband and wife, among the Tehuelches, than Is common with the Indian tribes of North America. These Indians are muscular and well proportioned. There is a tendency to ob esity rather than angularity. Conscious of their physical strength, like most per sons of great physique even among the more civilized nations, they exhibit a kindly manner and gentle disposition. Accustomed to the free life of the plains, and living In the midst of an abundance of those animals that for centuries have supplied all their simple wants, they dis play that homely hospitality so character istic of well-fed and well-clothed savage and seml-civlllzed people In sparsely set tled eountrles. The frank, open counten ance of the Tehuelche at once allays any uneasiness and establ-'shes a feeling of. confidence In the mind of the solitary traveler who. In the course of his lontsly wanderings throughout Patagonia may, by chance or necessity, be thrown among them. Cuba's Sanitary Q.netIon Review of Reviews. It Is not fortresses or naval stations or commercial relations that are chiefly Im portant to us as regards Cuba, but, some thing wholly different. Through our en tire lifetime as a Nat.on, wc have ben sorely plagued and incalculably harnud by epidemic diseases that have visited us from the West Indian ports, and particu larly from Havana. In times past we have thus Imported smallpox, typhus, cholera and, worst and most frequently, yellow fever. Since the American occupa tion of Cula we have been doing all wo could to improve sanitary conditions there for the good of the Cubans,' and also tor our own benefit. We are making soma wonderful demonstrations as to the way In which yellow fever is propagated, with the prespect that we may in a few years stamp it out altogether. It would be were than frivolous folly it would be criminal for a handful of Cuban politicians on tfce one side, and a handful of nagging parti sans and self-rlghtccus American news papers on the other, to force a precipitate independence upon Cuba that would sim ply mean tf.e j early dread of cholera to our entire Southern seaboard. The paopio of the South should see this matter cleiuly and In its true light, and should insist ti.at their representatives at Washington put Important considerations first, and rea gue to a second p. ace an assumed duty of "putting the Administration in a hoio." The Unlttd States sanitary authorities, at least, should not be withdrawn from Cuba, no matter how soon Governor-General Leonard Wood may be recalled. Thirty-nine Indian boys and girls have just received their graduating degrees at the Indian schools In Carlisle, Pa. Six teen of them are girls, and in the entire class of graduates nearly every one of the principal tribes is represented. All of the boy3 have learned trades and tho girls have served apprenticeships in tho sewing department, laundry and kitchen. DAILY METEOItOLOGIOAL HEPOU'l PORTLAND," April 7, 8 P. M. Maximum temperature, 51: minimum temperature, 38; river reading at 11 A. M., 8.8 feet; change In 24 hours. .3; total precipitation, 8 P. M. to 8 P. M.. .01 ot an inch; total precipitation dnce September 1. 1900, 37.2(1; normal preottf Uatlon since September I" 1000..- 30.081 'de ficiency, L&2; total sunshine April 0, 4:28; possible sunshine. 11:24. s Wind. J. oST 2. :r c S a n a r . . . p STATIONS. Astoria ......... Baker City ...., Bismarck ...... Boise ........... Eureka Helena ......... Kamloops, B. C. Neah Bay ...... Pocatello ....... Portland ....... Bed Bluff , Roseburg Sacramento ..... Salt Lake City . San Francisco . . , Spokane ........ Seattle , "Walla "Walla. .. Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Clear Cloudy Clear Clear Snowing Cloudy Clear Pt cloudy Clear Cloudy Clear Pt eloudy Clear Pt cloudy "WEATHER CONDITIONS. Except a few small showers or snow squalls In Southern Idaho and Utah, no rain or snow of consequence has fallen during: the last 24 hours in the Rocky Mountain and Pacltlo Coast States. It Is slightly warmer In Wash ington, but elsewhere the changes in temper ature have been small and unseasonably cool weather prevails In all of the Rocky Moun tain and Paclnc Coast States. The Indica tions are for fair weather in this district Monday, with severe frosts In early morning. WEATHER FORECASTS. Forecasts made at Portland for the 28 hour: ending midnight, Monday, April 8. 1001: Portland and vicinity FfiXft wlth.froflta la early morning; warmer. ,taduno" afternoon j northerly winds. ' Western Oregon and Western Washlngtoiv- Fair, with frosts In early morning back, fro'ns coast; warmer during afternoon; northerly winds. Eastern Oregon Fair, continued cool, with freezinz temperatures; northerly winds. Eastern Washington and Northern Idaho. Fair, with frosts in early morning; light var iable winds.. Southern Idaho Generally fair, with 'frosts west, and continued cold east portion; north westerly winds. EDWARD A. BEALS. Forecast Official. NEW TODAY. Timber Lands I have a few quarter sections for sale which owners are anxious to close out at once. Great bargains can be had in these now. Some ot it is near Columbia River, some on Nehaletn River and some pine in Southern Oregon. R. M. WILBUR, 233 Stark. S. S. Monmouthshire For Europe, via Straib of Magellan, has. accommodations of ths but Kind for t limited number of fint-claja passengers. Apply to TAYLOR, YOUNG & CO. PORTLAND, OR. i&ou).00 8 W J80.00il8 NTV iS 0.00 12 SE 4( T 12 NW ! 5010.00 18 N 400.00)12 NE 52 0.00! SE 4S0.00f 8 NW 340.04 N 5110.00 6 NW C20.00(12 N 5210.00 8 NE 600.0012 NW 340.ul (5 NE 50 0.00120 W 40 T J E 52 0.011 8 W 52 0.001 6 N TEACHERS' EXAMINATION Notice Is hereby given that for the purpose) of making an examination ot all persona who may offer themselves as candidates for teach ers ot the schools of this county, the County School Superintendent thereof will hold a pub lic examination In room 22. Park School, com mencing Wednesday, April 10, at 0 o'clock A. IL, and continuing until Friday, April 12, at 4 o'clock P. M. FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD-GRADE CER TD7ICATES. Wednesday Penmanship, history, orthogra phy, reading. Thursday Written arithmetic, theory of teaching, grammar, school law. Friday Geography, mental arithmetic. physN ology, civil government. PRIMARY CERTIFICATES. Wednesday Penmanship, orthography, read Ing- Thursday Art of questioning, theory ot teaching, methods. R. F. ROBINSON, County School Supt.. Multnomah Co., Or. Dated this 31at day of March, 1802