THE BfOBNING QREGONIAN,. MONDAY, APRIL 8, 1901.
Entered at the Postofnce t Portland. Oregon,
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TODAY'S "WEATHER Fair, with frosts In
early morning; -warmer during afternoon;
Siotherly winds.
PORTLAND, MOXBAY, APRIL 8.
TWO VIEWS OP CARXEGIE.
He -who adheres closely to the medium
line of truth expects to offend the ex
tremists of both sides, but he -will sel
dom receive double verification of his
course simultaneously, as The Orego
nlan does in two letters printed else
where on this page, on the subject of
Andrew Carnegie's acquisitions. The
truth about Carnegie is that in his
Junction as an organizer of exceptional
talent he creates wealth as truly as the
worklngman does, but as a beneficiary
and promoter of "protection" he reaps
undue rewards which should never
have been withdrawn from the body
of the people. This truth offends both
the socialist and the protectionist
It is a strange hallucination that the
creators of great trading, transporta
tion and manufacturing enterprises are
solely the laborers who blindly perform
their appointed tasks under direction
of the superior mind. Wealth is a
product jointly of human executive
genius and human labor, the child of
muscle married to brains. He is short
sighted, indeed, who fancies or seeks
to persuade others that one of these
elements is both, that the part is the
whole. If labor, and labor only, is, as
Mr. Folen argues, the essential thing
in productive industry, "then Egypt's
slaves, not Cheops, built the Great
Pyramid; then his soldiers, not Napo
leon, conquered Europe; then his sail
ors, not Columbus, discovered Amer
ica; then the authors of Mr. Herbert
Spencer's system of philosophy are the
printers who put his manuscripts in
type.
It Is not enough that Mr. Folen ex
pressly includes authors and inventors
in his category of laborers, for the pro
cess by which he excludes a Morgan
or a Vanderbllt from participation in
the fruits of his labors will just as nec
essarily exclude the poet, the inventor
or the architect. Thp srrpat ttirti is
' rriii4- Tinf Vr trlTflto rf Vile rrfloo -rrtl
ame or intensity of labor, but by his
capacity for organization. One m.an
organizes an army, another a great
railroad or shipbuilding plant; one man
founds n political party, another a
great Industrial combination. In either
case his contribution to the product
is noteworthy, and cannot be dismissed
by the mere assertion that he doesn't
work. He does work, and his work
is of the hardest kind. He tolls on
when others look at the clock and go
home, he plans when others play, he
walks the floor when the rest of the
world Is sound asleep. And of the re
sult of his labors, his real reward is
small; that is, it is incommensurate
with the service rendered, for without
the great organizer of industry the
ranks of labor would be overcrowded,
underpaid, driven over to self-destruction
through fierce struggles of myr
iads for the employment sufficient only
for a few.
But when this great man, with all his
Iron will and Intellectual power, with all
his consuming passion for great work
and his limitless capacity for benefi
cence, leaves the native exercise of his"
constructive talents and goes to courts
and congresses for undue power over
his fellow-man, and unjust privileges
tinder the law, he becomes a thief and
a robber. The good he has done is
clouded by the iniquity of his exac
tions under cover of justice. "We pass
laws, we say, for protection of the
weak and for restraint of the unscru
pulous, while Justice sits with blind
folded eyes discerning not the pow
erful from the helpless. What shall
we say, then, of laws devised to plun
der the many for the few, and of taxing
the table and wardrobe of the poor
to swell yet more inordinately the
fortunes of the rich? Is not this a
moral question? Is it not time that
these protected giant corporations, long
wont to plead as infant industries, be
compelled to stand alone?
To simplify the matter touched upon
by Mr. Smith, let us admit which is
not true that tariffs should be laid
on everything we can produce in suf
ficient quantities to supply the home
market, and which also is not true
that everything not capable of such
home production should come in free.
Let us admit that the tariff enabled our
" manufactures to be established, and
that protective duties have reduced
prices and that the foreigner paid the
tax. How long is this donation of
Government to continue? Now at
length jwe are selling iron and steel
abroad more cheaply than we are at
tome, and manufactures of iron and
Jteel more cheaply and more speed
ily delivered "than European makers
can supply them on their own ground.
How are we to justify this continued
difference in price? It is folly to as
sert that these protected products can't
be sold at homg as cheaply, as abroad.
The answer is in the export trade and
in these colossal fortunes. "What re
duction of price is there to point to,
now that the price is higher here than
abroad? "What tax does the foreigner
pay, now that the Iron and steel move
ment Is outward instead of inward?
Everybody stands aghast before these
tremendous aggregations of capital,
controlling output, suppressing compe
tition, fixing prices both, where they
buy arid where they sell, entrenched In
Congress, monopolizing the efficient
legal talent before the courts. What
to do is what no one can positively
say. But there is no use despairing
so long as one direct remedy here at;
hand and transparently just is un
tried. That remedy is to strike from
these great corporations the protective
tariff and give the people at least the
benefit of foreign competition. Every
thing waits for this, and Its applica
tion is a moral certainty. If we can't
get it through one party, we shall
cheerfully entrust another with the
task. It Is a demand on which the
country is preparing to unite. If it
won't be granted by our Hannas and
our Cannons, it will be by our Altgelds
and Bryans.
OREGON'S DEBT TO LINN.
Foremost among the champions of
American occupation of Oregon was
Dr. Lewis Fields Linn, who was Ben
ton's colleague in the United States
Senate. He was a statesman of large
caliber, one to whom the subject of
migration -was an open book. It is an
Instinct of the Anglo-Saxon to bet
ter its condition by migration. ' In
stinct sent It from its cradle In Asia
to Europe, from Europe to the Atlan
tic coast of the New "World, across the
Alleghanies to the Ohio and Missis
sippi "Valleys, over the Rocky Moun
tains to the Pacific It does not wait
for government to be formed; it goes
into a new country and sets up gov
ernment for Itself. Senator Linn un
derstood these traits of the race. His
fight for Oregon was a fight for land
for homes for the American branch of
the Anglo-Saxon family.
Senator Linn was a sturdy Westerner,
a product of environment. He was
born when both banks of the Ohio were
fastnesses of murderous Indians. He
moved to Missouri when it was a storm
center on the slavery Issue, and when
Oregon was the storm center of inter
national politics. Missouri was his
first love, but nothing In the West
escaped his attention. Like Jefferson,
he saw beyond the Rockies. In 1838 he
introduced a bill to establish the Ter
ritory of Oregon in the region north of
the forty-second parallel and west of
the Rocky Mountains. He pointed out
to the Senate that American occupa
tion of Oregon would secure sources of
vast wealth In the fur trade, in the
fisheries, and in California, Hawaii and
the Orient He met the opposition of
McDuffie and Calhoun with a speech
that gained friends for Oregon in the
Senate. He shattered McDuffie's posi
tion by showing the Inconsistency of
the assertion that Oregon was worth
less, yet Great Britain was willing to
go to war for it "Insure them the
people of Oregon the shelter of your
laws," he said, "and they will congre
gate there in force enough to secure
your rights and their own."
Governmental blunders made uphill
work of Senator Linn's effort for Ore
gon. The first mistake was the con
cession of joint occupancy in 1818, and
the second was the renewal of it in 1828.
The third mistake was in not settling
the Oregon question in the Webster
Ashburtori treaty In 1842. Government
blindness, opposition from men like
McDuffie and indifference to the fate
of Oregon delayed settlement of the
boundary question, but Linn and Ben
ton were firm and unyielding. Linn
started the work and kept It going un
til his premature death in 1843. Ben
ton began where Linn left off, and car
ried the fight to final triumph in 1848.
In a speech made in 1843 Benton said
of Linn: "The bill for the settlement,
and occupation of Oregon was his, and
he carried it through the Senate when
his colleague, who now addresses you,
could not have done It" In his eulogy
of Linn in the Senate In December,
1843, Benton said: "In the life and
character of such a man ... it Is
difficult to pick out any one quality
or circumstance which could claim
pre-eminence over all others. If I
should attempt it, I should point among
his measures for the benefit of the
whole Union, to the Oregon bill."
Though Linn and Benton were Ore
gon's greatest champions in Congress,
they were not its first friends. Early
in the session of 1820, Dr. John Floyd,
a Representative from Virginia", moved
the appointment of a committee to con
sider the question of occupying Oregon.
This was Oregon's first appearance in
National legislation. Dr. Floyd, and his
associates on the committee Thomas
Metcalfe, of Kentucky, and Thomas "V.
Swearingen, of Virginia submitted an
exhaustive report, together with a bill
for the occupation of the Columbia
River. Though few took the report and
bill seriously, there is no doubt that
Dr. Floyd's committee paved the way
for ultimate success through Linn and
Benton.
NON-REPUBLICAN LEGISLATURES.
The State of Massachusetts, with
2,805,346 population, has a Legislature of
250 members, while the State of Con
necticut, with a population of 908,355,
has a Legislature of 279 members; the
State of Vermont, with but 343,641 pop
ulation, has a Legislature of 275 mem
bers, and the State of New Hampshire,
with a population of 411,588, has a Leg
islature of 321 members. The retention
of large legislative membership In Con
necticut, New Hampshire and Vermont
is due to a constitutional restriction
that each township, deserted or deca
dent is entitled to at least one repre
sentative. The State of Massachusetts
had this system of town representation
for the first fifty-six years of its ex
istence, but it was modified in 1836 and
again in 1840, and In 1857 the town sys
tem was completely swept away. The
state then adopted the system of repre
sentation founded on the basis of popu
lation in districts, which was vainly
advocated by the famous Judge Story
In the constitutional convention of 1820,
despite the fact that this convention
Included among its members Daniel
Webster and ex-President John Adams.
It is a singular fact that Connecticut
is not yet ready to abandon her sys
tem of representation for that of Massa
chusetts. The constitution of Connecti
cut as amended in 1818 provided that
all the towns then existing should
each have two representatives, while
each new town should have but one
representative. The advocates of con-
servative constitutional reforni in Con
necticut today are willing that the Sen
ate should be made" over so that its
basis should still be population, without
the present irregularities, while "each
town should be guaranteed one repre
sentative, and that more should be.
granted to the largest towns "in reason
able, proportion" to population. This
would 'give the towns -fewer or more
representatives in proportion to their
population, but would guarantee at
least one representative to every town.
This would leave. Connecticut just
where Massachusetts was under its
constitution of 1780, so that if this plan
of so-called reform Is effected in Con
necticut, that state would still be 120
years behind the times.
The expensive, cumbersome Legisla
tures In the smallest states of New
England are Interesting survivals of
the ancient habit of the people. Repre
sentation by .towns or townships exist
ed in New England since the first set
tlement of the country. Massachusetts,
by heF superior popular intelligence and
the ability of her public men, finally
threw it off completely in 1857, put this
expensive non-republican system still
survives in Connecticut; in Vermont,
which was settled largely from Con
necticut, and in New Hampshire. The
system is expensive today, but it is
almost impossible to get rid of it, be
cause the small towns that wish to per
petuate it can control the constitutional
convention.
GROWTH OP STEAMSHIPS.
The launch of the steamship Celtic,
the largest vessel ever built, again
gives Great Britain a slight prestige
over her rivals for supremacy on the
Atlantic. Not so many years ago this
contest for the largest ship or the fast
est ship was all under one flag, with
the White Star and Cunard lines al
most the sole contestants. But the rise
of the German flag has changed all this,
and the crown of vantage is continual
ly shifting from one nation to the other.
When the big scorcher Kaiser Wilhelm
der Grosse was launched about four
years ago she was so much larger and
faster than anything else afloat that
for a time it seemed as though she
had discounted the future both as to
size and speed to such an extent that
her equal would not soon be seen. The
White Star line, however, came to the
rescue of the British flag with the
mammoth Oceanic, which was enough
larger and fast enough to even matters
at least with the big German boat
The latter was owned by the North
German Lloyds, and their chief rivals
under the German flag, the Hamburg
American line, at once put down the
keel for the Deutschland, which proved
to be the fastest steamship afloat. The
Deutschland and the Oceanic have
never tried conclusions in a neck-and-neck
race, but as far as records go
the German seems to have the best
of it. The Celtic is not built for a
racer, and is about Ave feet shorter
than the Oceanic, but has over seven
feet greater beam, and her gross ton
nage Is nearly 3000 tons greater than
that of the Oceanic, which Jn turn ex
ceeded the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
by over 3000 tons.
The model of the Celtic shows that
the tendency of marine architecture In
steamships is undergoing the same
change that overtook sailing-ship con
struction about a. generation ago. The
clean-limbed, deep-draft clipper, which
sailed like a yacht, but was a poor
cargo-carrier, gave way to the broad
beamed, moderate-draft vessel, with big
carrying capacity. Modern engineering
science has brought the steam engine
along at a pace which has enabled it
to get more speed out of the. broad
beamed, craft with a smaller cost per
ton per mile than was possible with
the finest-modeled steamer twenty
years ago. In the record-breakers of
a dozen years ago everything was sac
rificed to speed, but the tendency of
late has been to build monster carriers
with a fair rate of speed instead of the
knife-like clippers which raced across
the ocean with but little room In the
hold for anything except bunker coal.
The Germans have tasted the sweets
of conquest on the ocean wave, how
ever, and the Celtic will be the largest
steamer in the world for a short time
only. The speed of the Deutsohland
and Oceanic and the size of the Celtic
have spurred the North German Lloyds
to action, and they are already prepar
ing for the construction of a steamer
fifty feet longer than the present record-breakers.
Just when the limit for
these ocean monsters will be reached
Is uncertain, but from the rapid in
crease in size that has been made in
the past ten years, the 1000-foot steam
er is not many years away. It Is prob
able, however, that record-breakers of
the future will excel In size and econ
omy rather than In high speed. With
a length of 680 feet, beam 75 feet, and
her keel 44 feet under the main deck,
the Celtic will spread over pretty big
seas and stand up against a gale which
would make a smaller and narrower
vessel He over at a very uncomfortable
angle. Her. advantages In this direc
tion will undoubtedly offset, from a
financial point of view, anything that
might be lost through her speed being
less than some of her. rivals.
HOME STUDY AS AN ISSUE.
The question of "home study,'' as
applied to the pupils of the public
schools, is a constantly recurring one.
Like other questions looking to a re
form in methods or practices that are
intrenched in custom, it will not yield
to grumbling, direct complaint or sav
age arraignment out of time, but could
no doubt be solved by systematic, popu
lar protest diligently followed up. This
public, to bring the matter home, has
for years made querulous complaint
about that outgrowth of our public
school development that compels pu
pils to stagger home each evening under
a weight of from ten to fifteen pounds
of books, In order to prepare the next
day's recitation. The subject has been
indignantly discussed around the fam
ily board, the practice inveighed
against at neighborhood gatherings and
denounced without stint by patrons of
the schools, under cunningly devised
aliases, through the -columns of the
dally press. And, although the matter is
one which could readily be settled by
the concerted, Intelligent action of par
ents, a large majority of whom are
opposed to "home work" especially in
"the grades" it has lived and thriven
and still lives and thrives as a require
ment of the public school course inthls
city. .While, as pointed out by a recent
correspondent in The Oregonlan, the
system of marching several hundred
young girls at the High School'"up and
down three or four flights of stairs
many times a' day. and then requiring
them 'to lug home a wheelbarrow load
of books to be studied when they ought
to be asleep," Is reprehensible, it Is
pretty safe to say that the process will
continue as long as only paper bullets
from masked guns are fired at It- No
abuse was ever yet abolished by means
of a warfare so futile.
.In California they hav$ moved against
this educational abuse from a different
quarter. A bill providing" that "no
pupil in the public schools of the state
under the age of fifteen years shall be
required, to do any home study" re
cently passed the Legislature, and has
received the signature of Governor
Gage. This measure will go Into opera
tion July l'of the current year, or prac
tically at the beginning of the next
school yearj a month "or six weeks later.
Its effect will be. watched with an Inter
est that will extend far beyond the
boundaries of California. Since the en
forcement of law depends upon public
opinion, it is not too much to expect
that this law will correct the abuse
at which It strikes, so far as grade
pupils are concerned, the objection to
home study evidently not expending,
as here, to the work of students In the
High Schools. That public sentiment,
so far as it had passed upon the mat
ter, demanded the enactment of this
law there is no reason to doubt. With
the usual Impetuosity of the American
people, they have allowed their zeal to
outrun their judgment In the matter
of public (and so-called free) education.
A comprehensive curriculum has been
provided, covering almost every depart
ment' of human knowledge, and this is
supplemented by a system that compels
every child who attends the schools to
attempt the assimilation of the vast
mass within what is known as the
school age. The professional pedagogue
has gotten In his work here, and every
subject that has appealed to him as
"Important" has been crowded into the
course, with the result that the bur
dens laid upon the minds of the young
have become altogether too heavy, if
assumed seriously; if lightly regarded,
the results have borne little relation to
true education.
It is not surprising that a point has
been reached where it is necessary, if
the pupil would "pass," to keep him
grinding away at his books, not only
during school hours, but through the
long hours of the evening as well. It
may be hoped that the School Board of
this district will find time and oppor
tunity to observe the workings of this
law. The reform that it seeks is need
ed in Portland schools, and might read
ily be brought about by local school
management as supplemental to the
wishes of the patrons of the public
schools.
English manufacturers do not fall to
observe that our great trusts are ad
vancing prices rather than reducing
them. Mr. Pears, an English manufac
turer who is visiting the Central States
in the course of a tour around the
world, does not believe that the su
premacy of Great Britain in the mar
kets of the world is menaced by the
new American combinations. "We do
not believe," he says, "that these com
binations are going to, make for lower
prices, and If they do not, English
manufacturers have nothing to fear.
We take the view that the American
combinations are ; going to niake for
higher prices, for the reason that in
all "of them there has been a great in
crease' in capitalization, and if divi
dends are to be earned on this, It Is
difficult to see where there Is going to
be any reduction in prices. The tend
ency of this movement is entirely in
the direction of higher prices." And
the consumers of goods must pay them.
The trusts, backed by the protective
tariff, have the "dead cinch."
The law enacted by the State Assem
bly of Minnesota last month requiring a
medical certificate of" all applicants for
marriage licenses will probably prove
as ineffective as laws against white and
black marriages at the South, which
do not prevent the multiplication of
mulattoes. The lack of a medical cer
tificate in Minnesota will reduce the
number of undesirable marriages, per
haps, but it may not reduce the num
ber of undesirable children, since peo
ple who are furiously bent on marriage
are quite likely, when they cannot form
a legal union, either to get married In
another state or to live together In a
state of illegal cohabitation. If they
are able to get married outside of Min
nesota and return to Minnesota to live,
there is no reform; and if they live to
gether In Minnesota in a state of Ille
gal companionship, the community is
cursed with undesirable children, who
are also Illegitimate.
' Very interesting figures are presented
in an article in the April number of the
Southern Farm Magazine, published
in Baltimore, Md., giving an es
timate of the value of the
South's productive efforts along in
dustrial and agricultural lines for the
year ending June 30, 1900. In round
numbers, the aggregate value of the
output is estimated at $2,750,000,000.
Cotton leads, with a value of $535,000,000.
The value of the manufactured prod
ucts Is put at $1,230,000,000. In no part
of the country is Industry making more
rapid strides than In our Southern
States. The possibilities are beyond
calculation.
Somebody has made a machine that
will count an Immense number of coins
'in an hour. In commenting on the in
vention, Mr. Bryan's Commoner ob
serves that until prosperity Is a little
more apparent the average worklngman
can count all his coins by hand. This
is a very characteristic remark of the
peerless leader, and is rather comfort
ing than otherwise. One would hate
to think that perhaps he was after
all amenable to reason or capable of
learning something.
A correspondent asks us to decide a
bet as to whether any Government
bonds have been issued under President
McKInley's Administration. We are
afraid to decide it, lest next we shall
be called upon to say whether April
has 31 days, or whether water runs
up hill or down.
It was a happy Easter for the antis.
Hardly have they recovered from cele
brating with glad hosannas the "penal
colony" In Guam, when along comes
the suppression of a Havana news
paper for a coarse cartoon. Ring all
the bells! Hosanna to suppression of
free speech! .
As Russia is prepared to maintain
her armieB in Manchuria, she will not
press- the treaty giving her formal
leave. And Why should she?
TWO VIEWS OF CARXEGIE,
Hostile.
PORTLAND. April 6. (To the Editor.)
If you 'will permit ipe a little space I
would iike to take some exceptions to an
article in the Issue of April 2. You take
the ground In that article that the so
called "Captains of Industry" are essen
tial and necessary to the welfare of the
people. Now I don't know what you
mean by '"Great Captains of Industry,"
but suppose your allusion is to men like
the elder Vanderbllt. Jay Gould, A. T.
Stewart, J. D. Rockefeller, Andrew Car
negie. J. Plcrpont Morgan and others of
that type. Assuming that that Is correct,
I wish as a reader of The Oregonlan and
speaking for thousands of others, to dis
tinctly differ with you on the proposition.
Those men are not the captains, but the
pirates, of Industry. They do not nor
have not produced one cent of prosperity,
and beyond the animal gratification of
appetite to themselves, families and a
few personal friends, they have bene
fited no me.
We say the "works" of men and wo
men, not their exploits. Now the workb
of men r.re what they actually performed
"with their heads and hands. As an il
lustration, take the folio of 1622-23. In
the preface the editors, Heminge and
Connell, say: "His mind and his hand
went together, and what he thought, he
uttered with that easiness that we have
scarce received from him a blot In his
papers." Now that Is industry, from my
point of view, and of course no one will
question but that, in his line, WMiain.
Shakespeare was and Is a Captain, ye&
and Admiral and Lieutenant-General? be
cause, as Ben Jonson says, "He was not
for an age, but tor all time." John Mif
ton, Danton, Homer and the Roman writ
ers, whose eminence none will question,
were Captains of Industry. The great
men of all countries in all ages have
done their own work for the benefit of
their fellows and posterity. They lopked
for reward from those who benefited by
their labor, but In no instance have they
giyen their work with a view of entail
ing labor and privations on succeeding
generations.
Those whom the world calls Captains
of Industry have In no Instance given
mankind any benefit of their individual
labor, either physical or mental. From
the time of Arkwright down to the lat
est labor-saving Invention, the desire of
the "Captain of Industry" was and Is to
get possession of the tools and machines
of production and manufacture, and have
them operated solely for the advantage
of themselves. Messrs. Morgan and
Rockefeller's Ideas on consolidation of
industries with a view of monopolizing
them for their sole selfish benefit, lumin
ously Illustrate the methods pursued by
their predecessors In all civilized coun
tries. '
Now, whether It Is the making of a
book, a picture, a piece of sculpture, an
enormous useful structure like the Ore
gonlan building, the surveying, grading,
tie and rail laying, car building and oper
ating of a great railroad, the building and
manning of a great vessel, the spanning
of wide streams with brides, the design
and construction of seeding and harvest
ing machinery, and "the thousands of
other useful inventions, the entire mass
,1s the operation of" industry, and each
and every worker In the great whole Is
an essential part, and none of It can be
created without them. A railroad Is in
these times necessary to a country, but
a Morgan or Vanderbllt Is not necessary
to a road or a country. We could not
get along very well without telegraphs
or telephones, but none of the Gould heirs
are necessary to their building or opera
tion. It Is labor, and labor only, that Is es
sential, and the Russian exile, Mr. Kro
potkin, Is right, and those who differ with
him are wrong, not designedly or per
versely, but through ignorance and pre
judice, and a false system of education.
The Oregonlan undoubtedly means well
when It emphasizes the need and use of
''Captains of Industry," but If it will
think, and If It will read the reports of
the Parliamentary Commissions sent to
Investigate the factory system in Great
Britain between 1830 and I860, It will find
that the "Captains of Industry" have al
ways commanded pirate crafts with the
black flag at the masthead and the skull
and cross-bones a fitting emblem of the
vessel's character.
NEUS P. J. FOLEN.
Friendly.
SOUTH BEND. Wash.. April 4 (To
the Editor.) In The Daily Oregonlan of
the 29th ult, you say: "Presently we
shall get past the barbarism of 'protec
tion' the notion that It Is the province of
government to promote one Industry or
set of industries In which rich men are
Interested at the expense of all the In
dustries of the country. Then we shall
not have ship subsidy bills and protec
tion of billion-dollar steel trusts."
If I understand rightly the theory upon
which a protective tariff is or should be
laid is this, a tariff should be laid upon
all articles Imported into the country
that can profitably be produced In the
country in sufficient quantities to supply
the demand; and all articles should be
admitted free of duties that cannot be
profitably produced In the country in
sufficient quantities to supply the de
mand. A tariff thus laid is not a ques
tion of prices, for prices are governed
by the law of supply and' demand, but a.
question of markets and wages. A tariff
thus laid is paid by the foreign producer
who chooses .to compete with the home
producer, and is not paid by the con
sumer. Previous to the protective tariff
on Iron and steel, the great bulk con
sumed in this country was produced by
foreign labor in foreign lands, and was
sold to the consumers in this country at
prices largely in excess of what they
are now. The history of the protective
tariff when properly laid has been to re
duce prices, not Increase them.
The prices of Iron and steel have stead
ily declined, not only In this country, but
throughout the world, caused by the
great quantities of each of these articles
produced m this country, stimulated by
the tariff: for the supply of the world
controls the price throughout the world.
At the same time, wages of the laborers
steadily Increased. Mr. Carnegie and
other employes of labor doubtless have
been governed by sound business princi
ples In the employment of labor, 'and
have paid no more than the market
price of labor. Yet by the establish
ment of these industries the wages and
condition of these and all other em
ployes engaged In manual labor have
continued to Improve; and at the samo
time consumers, Instead of being robbed,
as you assert have been getting their
goods at a less price continually; besides
being furnished a market for their pro
ducts right at home to these men so em
ployed. Mr. Carnegie made his fortune,
as well as other rich employers of labor,
by his ability and energy and attention
to his business; the protective tariff only
giving him an opportunity to employ la
bor and thus supply the market
I know but little about the iron and
steel and other trusts engaged In cor
nering home products. . But It seems to
me that the only way they can prevent'
home competition is by selling their ar
ticles cheaper than others can produce
them. Will you kindly tell us what In
dustry of this country has been ham
pered or Injured by a protective tariff,
except the poor Importers? Very re
spectfully, SOL SMITH.
a
Unhampered by Facta.
Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph.
When Mark Twain forsakes his proper
field of humor and undertakes to discuss
current events he gets out of his ele
ment. In writing the adventures of imag
inary people, or in ascribing Imaginary
happenings to historical characters, he
very properly gives his Imagination full
play and his readers enjoy what he
writes. ,But his evident determination to
be unhampered by facts in discussing cur
rent history, and especially while treat
ing of the American policy In the Phil
ippine Islands, places him in a discredit
able light The habit of grotesque ex
aggeration, eminently suitable for fiction
writing, Is utterly out of place when criti
cising governmental policies, (
AMUSEMENTS.
"The Telephone Girl" the Hit of the
Season at Cordrny's.
Never In the history of Cordray's Thea
ter have so many people been turned away
as last night, when all the standing-room
was taken before 8 o'clock by people who
wanted to see "The Telephone Girt"
Those who came after that had tickets,
or they didn't get Inside the theater.
The play was apparently the hit of the
season, the audience being in a highly ap
preciative humor, and the many bright,
catchy songs, the rollicking comedy and
clever dancing kept them applauding and
"laughing till they were fairly tired out
at the fall of the last curtain.
"The Telephone Girl" Is a musical farce
comedy without enough of a plot to dis
tract attention from the singing and
danefng, with a dash of Frenchlness that
seems to be thought necestary In Casino
successes, but which Is kept pretty well
within bounds, and the piece Is brimfulf
of tuneful melodies and opportunities for
hilarity on the part of both company and
audience.
Mabel Hlte, as Estelle Coocoo. The Tel
ephone Girl. Is a pretty little soubrette
whose specialty is dancing, and who Is
fully equal to the rather Important part
she plays In the plot. Harry Hermsen,
who has most of the fun-making to do
unaided, Is a German dialect comedian
on rather a new pattern, and is irresist
ibly funny in spite of his grotesqueness'.
His every appearance was the cue for a
burst of applause, and whatever he had
to do the audience was ready to laugh at,
and usually with good reason.
Flora Perry, a bright little girl with a
face as round as a dollar, and very pleas
ing to look upon withal, sang "Tlng-a-Ling,'.'
a typical telephone girl song, and
"Toby" with a good voice, and earned her
self hearty encores on each occasion.
Ford and Douglas, dancers, did several
good things in their line, throwing in a
song or two to give good measure. John
J. Majree sang a good Irl3h song, and
Frank Kelly as Dick Marvel used a tol
erable voice well In "Just Plain You."
The remainder of the cast are equal to
the rather unimportant duties Imposed
upon them, and the chorus, composed of
eight or 10 pretty girls, Is by no means
the least attraction of the play. The
scenery Is unusually elaborate for a pro
duction of the kind, and the costuming Is
exceptionally pretty.
"The Telephone Girl" will be the at
traction the rest of the week.
Josephine Stanton in "Dorcas" at the
Metropolitan.
The JoseDhlne Stanton Opera Com
pany, headed by the clever prima donna
whose name it bears, and who Is so well
known In Portland, opened a week's en
gagement at the Metropolitan last night,
presenting "Dorcas," a musical comedy
In three acts, In a manner which greatly
delighted a crowded Sunday night house.
Miss Stanton, who Is as popular in Port
land as she Is well known, has succeeded
wonderfully well In the assembling of a
company. She leads an aggregation
which is in many respects superior to the
one In which she appeared here last fall,
and her many admirers turned out In
force to greet her last night and testify
to their approval of her new venture.
Miss Stanton Is the same fascinating,
clear-voiced little woman she has always
been, perhaps a little brighter than ever,
more rollicking and happy. She Is sup
ported by a strong cast. Including George
Kunkel, also of Boston Lyric Opera
fame: Bertha NIeilson, Clara Wisdom,
Charles Van Dyne and several others.
The play, which Is a musical comedy
dealing with the trials and tribulations
of a village Innkeeper (J. C. Harvey, as
Tobin Mugby) who has a pretty wife, and
whose principal occupation Is keeping her
hidden from the charms of the lords of
the neighboring country. Mr. Harvey is
a very clever comedian and made the
most of his part George Kunkel as
Lord Lambourne did not have a part
entirely In his line, but he showed his
well Jcnown versatility by an excellent
portrayal of a husband who is constantly
falling in love with other girls. George
Lydlng, as his private secretary, has sev
eral opportunities to display an excellent
tenor voice, and received hearty encores.
Miss Clara Wisdom as Grlselda has a
Mrs. Malaprop part, and created much
merriment by her use of the English lan
guage. The play was prettily staged,
the costumes are new and stunning, and
the chorus Is excellent. Altogether the
company Is a clever one, and well worth
seeing. "Fra Diavolo" will be the bill
for to-night, with another ex-Boston Ly
ric, Henry Hallam, in the title role.
A GOOD WORD FROM PHDLA
DELPHIA. Westward the course of centenarian
observance takes its way. After the St.
Louis exposition commemorating: the
Louisiana purchase, will come a Paciflc .
Coast centenary occasion. In 1006 there
will be an exposition at Portland. Or.,
to celebrate the triumphant ending: of
the exploring expedition of Lewis and
Clark, who were sent out by President
Jefterson to find out what was on the
farther .aide of the Rocky Mountains
and lay claim to the discovery. Since
Joshua was sent by Mosea on a. some
what similar adventure, history haa
furnished no more notable example of
successful foregathering:. It will be a ,
Paciflc occasion, but It should not go
unnoticed, unassisted or unattended on
the part of the people of the Atlantic '
States. Philadelphia Record.
Disappointed Men.
Indianapolis Press.
It Is strange how our antl-Imperiallst
friends are trying to make out a desper
ate situation in the Philippines. Without
knowing anything at all about the facts,
they Insist that the capture of Agulnaldo
will make no difference; that there are
plenty of other leaders, and that the
war will go on as If nothing had hap
pened. Properly interpreted, this simply
means that they want the war to go on,
and will be grievously disappointed If
it does not go on. It is apparently Im
possible for them to see that the only
possible chance that the Filipinos have
for self-government and Independence is
in their submission to the authority of
the United States. The anti-Imperialists
are exerting what little Influence they
have to induce the Filipinos to keep up
their hopeless struggle, and are thu3 do
ing what they can to deprive the Filipinos
of the very blessings that they would
confer on them.
Accept the Facts.
Louisville Courier-Journal, Dem.
Let the Democratic leaders quit theor
izing and working out Impossible revolu
tions In their minds, and go to work upon
the practical business of presenting the
people a more economic and orderly
scheme of government at home and
abroad, and see how quickly the great
determinate states the money centres
which exercise so potent an Influence
upon the machinery of elections will turn
to them ears which have been hitherto
so deaf. As between a set of quack doc
tors and scamp doctors they have pre
ferred the scamps. At least let us give
them the chance for something better
than a choice of evils. Shall we never
learn that virtue Is still compatible with
good sense and that because a man urges
moderation and forecast even takes a
hint or two from the other side he Is
not necessarily a renegade, or a rascal?
Bnt We May Have a Railroad.
Boston Herald.
At about a quarter after 8 o'clock last
night we were nearer the planet Mars
than we have been at any time in the
last 329 years, or shall be again in the
same length of time. Our astronomers
shouted "Hello!" but the Martians were
too busy to make any Intelligent response.
" . NOTE AND COMMENT. .
Now stalketh forth that aged lie.
That seven Sundays will be dry.
Now that Easter Is over, the public can
give its undivided attention to beck beer.
When Uncle Sam really needs the
money he will give Funston his bill
against the Sultan.
Czar Nicholas is one of the few men
who could really enjoy spending a va
cation In Kentucky or Kansas.
Senator Piatt would give considerable
for a handy shelf like the vice-presidency
on which to place Governor Odell.
Social Note. Foxtown. Ky., April ?.
General Cassius M. Clay was "at home"
yesterday, but received only a few call
ers. The White House Is to have a thorough
cleaning this spring. There are some
curses that even a President cannot es
cape. A St Louis man lost his mind In a
poker game, but as the other fellow was
from Chicago, he had no use for his win
nings. The Inventor of the Gatling gun Is so
firmly convinced of the prospect of uni
versal peace that he Is trying to beat the
weapon Into an automobile plow.
The missionaries whose sermons were
destroyed by the Boxers value them at
$100 each not a high figure when we
consider how often, they could be used.
Italy threatens to withdraw from tho
triple alliance. This means that the
concert of the powers will have to be
given without any hand organ numbers.
It is reported In the British army that
General Dewet la without guns. This
may be true, but he will stock up
as soon as he overtakes another British
regiment
Agulnaldo has been: making such pro-'
gress in intelligence since his capture
that we may soon expect him to sign a
contract to stump the 'country for the
Republican ticket in 190L
The Nebraska elections raise tho Re
publican strength In the next Senate to
54. The Democrats will have 27 votes,
the Populists 5 votes, two seats will be
vacant, and Senator Jones, of Nevada,
and Senator Teller, of Colorado, will be
unclassified. The Republican majority
over the combined opposition will be 20.
In this calculation. Senator Stewart, of
Nevada, Is counted with the Republicans..
If the two seats from Delaware had been
filled, the Republican strength would have
been 56. and the majority 22.
A Corvallls woman Is said to have a
hen "which crows like a rooster." If
the correspondent had wished to spare
his report the strains of ambiguity and
his readers the pains of Incertitude he
would have stated whether he meant by
a "rooster" a dove, an eagle, a canary
bird or a barnyard hen or cock. Each of
these avian representatives roosts and is
a rooster. Perhaps the writer's expres
sive genius was roosting in the high
realms of vagulty where the Impalpable
character of the Inane region precludes
the virtue of being specific.
Several weeks ago an abcess developed
In the stomach of William Thorpe, a res
ident of Quantico, Md. The growth so
weakened 'him that physicians feared to
use the knife and the patient was slowly
dying. A few days ago he saw a Philadel
phia paper in which there wa3 a cartoon
making fun of Senator Quay, of Pennsyl
vania. Thorpe laughed and immediately
a stream of blood gushed from his mouth.
The doctor happened to call just then,
and after examining Thorpe declared
that the abcess had broken and that the
patient would now get well.
After April 29, on which date President
McKInley will leave Washington for the
Paciflc slope, he will spend very little
time in the capital till next fall. The
Western trip will occupy six weeks, and
after his return the President will almost
Immediately go to New England to at
tend the commencements of Wellesley
and Harvard universities and to be the
guest of Senator Hoar. After a sojourn
of three day3 at Mr. Hoar's home, In
Worcester, Mass., Mr. McKInley will visit
Senator McMillan, at Manchester-by-the-Sea,
and later will go to Hlngham, tho
home of Secretary Long, where he will
spend the Fourth of July. He wilt pass
the remainder of the summer at Canton.
When J. Pierpont Morgan travels ha
has a train of five most elegantly ap
pointed coaches at his disposal. Instead
of merely a private car, he haa a train
that Is under his exclusive control. When
he was In Washington a few days ago
his train remained in-the UIo station.
There were only eight ' persons in tho
financial magnate's party, but they kept
the large force of servants continually
employed. Although most of the time
the Morgan party was at a hotel, tho
chef prepared the meal3 and had them
ready at the appointed time. More than
once the only persons who enjoyed the
delicacies prepared by the chef were the
servants comprising Mr. Morgan's per
sonal entourage.
Lizzie Anderson, of Erie, Pa., aged 37,
was married three times, and yet was not
legally separated from any of her hus
bands. Death brought them together,
and they shook bands silently over her
coffin. She met and married Jesse Sam
son when but a young girl, but eloped
with Moses Armstrong. Soon afterward
she left him and was wedded to Noah
Anderson. The husbands were awor
enemies and never spoke. No legal pro
ceedings were taken, and the matter
never got into the courts. Then she got
sick and was thought to be dying. She
rallied, but again had a relapse. She
died last week. Then It was that the
three men met at her coffin. Samson
stretched out his hand slowly, and they
all forgave.
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRATHERS
The Absent Friend "How well Mrs. GIH
wazsle holds her age!" "Isn't it wonderful?
You. would not think, she was a day over 30,
if she didn't try to act as if she were 201"
Indianapolis Press.
Horrid Man. "What do you think of the des
sert dear?" .said the young wife. "I made
it out of Mrs. Shouter'a cook-book." "Oh.
that accounts for it. I suppose It's the leather
binding that makes it so tough." Philadel
phia Press.
Industry. "That young man is one of tho
most industrious people in the establishment,"
remarked the proprietor. "I never see him
when he Is not working hard." "Yes," an
swered the manager. "He is always in a
hurry to get through so that he can play
golf." Washington Star.
"Lady." said the beggar, "won't yer gimme
a nickel to git some coffee?" The lady did
so, and he started Into the neighboring saloon.
"Here!" she cried, "you don't get coffe In
therel" "Lady," he replied, "dat'g where
yer way off. Dey keeps It on de bar wld da
clovea an orange peel." Philadelphia Record.