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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (March 5, 1901)
B THE JTORNItfG OREGONIAN. TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1901. Entered at the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Rooms 100 Business Omce...6C7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance . Dally, with Sunday, per month S3 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year T 50 Dally, with Sunday, per year.,... 0 00 Sunday, per year , 2 00 The Weekly, per year 1 50 The "Weekly. 3 months 50 To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays excepted.ISc Dally, per week, delivered, Sunday lncluded.20o POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 10 to 10-page paper lc X0 to 32-page paper ...2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to advertis ing, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan.' The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at llll Pacific avenue, Tacoma, Box U55, Tacoma Postofflce. Eastern Business Office 17. 48. 40 and 60 Tribune building. New York City; 4C0 "The Rookery." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth special agency. Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros., 230 Sutter street; F. W- Pitta. 100S Market fctreet; Foster & Orear. Ferry news .stand. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 230 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 So. Spring street. For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. J!17 Dearborn street For sale in Omaha by H. C. Shears, 103 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. Second South street. For eale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., 115 Royal street. On -file In Washington. D. C. with A. W. Dunn. 500 14th N. IV. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 900-012 Seventh street. TODAY'S WEATHER. Fair, with north erly winds. &PORTLAND, TUESDAY, MARCH C. In the scalp-bounty law resides large opportunity of profit and thrift. It pre sents itself in various ways. First, the suggestion of "coyote farming." An article from the La Grande Chronicle, a paper of the coyote belt, which we reprint today, intimates the hopefulness of this species of farming, as a settled pursuit. There ought, however, tb be a special premium also on propagation of sheep. One man then could raise the sheep and his near neighbor the coyotes, and between them they could drive a trade as profitable as that which was said to have existed in In diana between the physician, the un dertaker and the tombstone man. But the state has already in part supplied this omission by ts laws to encourage propagation of game animals and game birds. Here is partial provision for food for the coyotes, wolves and wildcats. It will be some help to the coyote farmer. Again, since we have large and populous coyote states on three sides of us, there is nothing to pre vent the coyote overflow to hunters within our borders; and moreover, our enterprising hunters may run over into Jhose states and get all the scalps they want. It is clear that we have here all the possibilities of a permanent and boundless Industry. "We begin now to get new light on the truth so often proclaimed that opportunity in Oregon has not yet been half developed. New vistas open, of surprising extent and promise. The conduct of this country toward Porto Rico is not calculated to reassure the Cubans. If "our plain duty" will not stand against the pressure of spe cial interests for permission to fatten on Porto RIcan trade, Cuba may be par doned for viewing us with some degree of suspicion. The Porto Rlcans rather welcomed United States authority. They looked to this country not only for relief from Spanish oppression, but for encouragement In all their activi ties. They were trustful and friendly, and their trustfulness and friendship were rewarded with an act of perfidy and bad faith, in the law levying cus toms duties on imports into the United States from the Island. This was a blow in the face to a simple, friendly people who had never added a feather's weight to our troubles and who had had every reasonable assurance that they should receive very different treat ment at our hands. Cuba has been much favored by the United States. She has been released from Spanish thraldom and set In order for institut ing an Independent government, very largely at the expense of the United States. But she is not so friendly toward this country as Porto Rico is. Her independence may mean endless trouble for us. Her people are inclined to arrogance. If it shall turn out that our treatment of Porto Rico has oper ated to bring about and perpetuate this unsatisfactory attitude of the Cubans, our chickens will be roosting at home Though Cuba has received great favors at our hands, none can justly blame her, in the circumstances, if she guards her interests jealously. "We played a Spanish trick on Porto Rico. Dewet cannot hold out much longer. He has failed in his operations in Cape Colony, where his purpose was to rouse the Dutch population to general revolt. He and Botha have lost heavily in ani mals, arms -and ammunition. He can not replace these 'losses; the whole country in the Orange River Colony Is swept of supplies and stock; the South African Winter is coming on; South western Transvaal has been devastated, and Dewet for the future can only keep the field through the capture of British convoys and supply trains on the rail ways. The whole campaign of Dewet and Botha is absolutely useless, for the Cape Dutch refuse to rise, and under these circumstances the surrender of Dewet and Botha through exhaustion is only a question of two or three months. The inaugural pageant at Washing ton yesterday differed both in kind and degree from the many that have pre ceded It This is a matter for National congratulation, since it shows that the country Is not standing still, but is up and In arms, literally speaking, to meet its opportunities. From a military point of view, it was greatly inferior to the display in Great Britain upon the late occasions of funeral and in auguration or -accession ceremonies, but the Washington display stood for the power and 'methods of the Republic, while that at London represented the peculiar sphere and glittering pomp that underlies the monarchy. "Jeffer gonlan simplicity" would have been as much out of place In our pageant of yesterday as were some of the ancient duties which marked the accession of Edward VII to the throne. The latter did not represent the England of today. They were merely a revival of the prac tically forgotten traditions of the mon archy. We have our traditions, too, but do not venerate them enough to recall and re-enact them upon moment ous occasions of state. A sorry spectacle, indeed, would a Republic present, that during a hundred years had failed to take on any of the graces of civilization, while making gigantic strides along its material lines. The yesterdays of the world are attractive chiefly when set and bound In history. Its todays are far more enjoyable, while its tomorrows are full of promise only because In them lies the promise of continued growth. BUT IT DOES FIT. Baker's Farmer and Stockman quotes the following from The Oregonlan and says "the argument doesn't fit": Nature had withheld from man In the West ern Hemlsjhere the physical means necessary to his development a an Individual and to his advancement In civilization. Lack of power ful domestic animals was a primary condition of his "helplessness. To show why "the argument doesn't fit" the following statement Is offered: If this be true, will The Oregonlan tell us why the native man In the Western Hemi sphere has not only failed to become civilized after the Introduction of that which It is claimed was wanting; but, on the other harid. has, as a rule, failed to benefit by the new con ditions, and as an evidence that he wan not ready for the change, has decreased In num ber po greatly that they will. If a change does not come oon. Instead of becoming civil ized they will become extinct? One wonders that such a statement could be put forth seriously. The na tive man of the Western Hemisphere had been here through countless ages. All his mental, moral and physical powers, all his habits of mind and body, had become fitted to the condi tions Imposed on him by nature and his environment His own character had beencompletelysubdued to the elements it worked in. Transformation of this character during any short period, or even during the period, relatively a short one, since the man of the Eastern Hemisphere came, was impossible. And the more severe the pressure towards such transformation the more sure and rapid was the extinction of the native race. To bring the Indian to methods of industry and to bring the buffalo to the plow are about equally difficult and equally possible. The wild man has always been among the most obstinate of all wild animals to tame like the fox, Who ne'er bo tam'd, so cherlsh'd and lock'd up Will have a wild trick of his ancestors. Most wild men will perish rather than submit to the first simple regulations necessary to a basis of civilized life. The few who do not continue their existence as wards of the civilized state. A moral and Industrial civili zation cannot be forced on a people by pressure from without, or but very imperfectly. It must be a growth from within, and that growth must have Its roots in humble conditions. It must be gin, always has begun, with flocks and herds. Man in the Western Hemisphere had not these, and he settled In the, course of ages Into the Immovable con ditions in which he was found by the Europeans four centuries ago. It was as impossible then for him to take up the new instruments and helps that came to him, and to use them as the civilized man was using them, as It would be to make an air-breathing ani mal live as an amphibian. One might as well expect a colony of Papuans, translated to Boston, to take up and participate in life, In its finite relations and activities there. TWO MEMORABLE INAUGURALS. The most memorable and most pa thetic inaugurals ever delivered by Presidents of the United States were those uttered by Abraham Lincoln, of beloved memory, March 4, 1S61, and March 4, 1865. The environment of Lincoln's first in augural was In gloomy contrast with the splendid military pageant of yes terday. The temper of people of all parties was stern and apprehensive of coming woe. The tone of Mr. Lincoln's famous address reflects the seriousness of his own mood and the greatness and nobility of his own spirit It has been said that Lincoln, in common with Sew ard and Carl Schurz, did not believe that if war came It would last more than ninety days, but the solemnity of Mr. Lincoln's first Inaugural, the deep earnestness of its eloquent closing ap peal to the South by the memories of the Revolutionary graves and battle fields not to break the bonds of the Union, forbid us to think that the great President was not at least as grave and sagacious an observer of the situation as General Sherman and Governor An drew, of Massachusetts, both of whom predicted that if the South once opened fire the battle would be long and bit ter. Mr. Lincoln was not by tempera ment an optimist, as was Seward; he was Kentucky born and Illinois bred, so that he knew the Southern tempera ment thoroughly; he knew their intense sectional pride and high military spirit, and when he delivered his first Inaug ural he doubtless was full of apprehen sion not only of impending war, but of a war of long duration and doubtful issue. No mood less serious would have extorted from so manly a man, a man so utterly without rhetorical trickery or melodramatic demagogs', so deep and tender and pathetic an appeal as the closing passage of his first Inaugural. The mystic cords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to ovory living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely It will be, by the better angels of our nature This utterance, which has become part of the great literature of the world, was not born In the heart of a man who believed he had nothing but a three months' Insurrection before him. It has too deep and solemn a note In it for so light an apprehension. War followed, and that great, tender hearted but masterful man delivered his second memorable and still more pathetic Inaugural with four years of tremendous war behind him. All the apprehensions that excited his grave and sagacious mind in March, 1861, had been more than realized by the awful events that had taken place. Behind him were the terrible battle fields of Shlloh, "the Peninsular cam paign," second Bull Run, Stone. River, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsvllle. Get tysburg, "Vicksburg, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, the Wilderness, Spottsyl "vania, Petersburg, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville. The awfuj array of the aggregate dead of these dreadful fields rushed red on Lincoln's sight when he delivered his famous second inaugural and touched It with the melancholy elo quence of a great Hebrew prophet, Isaiah or Ezekiel. He thought of the thousands that had fallen, and thought, too, of the thousands that might yet fall before victory should be obtained, and so on the eve of Grant's last cam paign Lincoln In his great inaugural confessed that his four years' adminis tration had been four years of war, a harvest of death, and that the end was not yet and then in substance he said: "But if this war continues until the bloodshed shall equal all the blood drawn in the past by the lash from the back of the bondman, we shall confess that all thy judgments, O God, are both just and righteous." This Is not the language but the thought of this" great inaugural ad dress, which has become part of the best literature of the world. Indeed, in our judgment Lincoln's second inaugu ral is his greatest utterance; entirely surpassing his memorable Gettysburg speech. Lincoln's are the greatest in augurals because they were delivered by a great man deeply stirred to the j depths of his strong nature by the solemnity of the occasion. His flrst in augural reads like a noble, eloquent ar gument and prayer for peace; his sec ond inaugural reads at once like a sol emn dirge for the dead and a splendid hymn of hope and comfort for the liv ing. A FAVORABLE OUTLOOK. President McKlnley, who was inaug urated yesterday, has a happy outlook, a great opportunity to do his best for his country, with no subordination to the lower fields of personal politics. When he was inaugurated four year3 ago there was no cloud of war with Spain or China in the sky; there was no such vexing problem as the restora tion of peace and order In the Philip pines before him for solution. Sud denly, In March, 1893, war with Spain .was forced upon the President by' the people, much against his desire and approval. When war came the Presi dent was not prepared for it, and yet, on the whole, remembering that Mr. McKlnley belongs to the class of very able "opportunist" politicians, like Seward, rather than to the class of very able opportunists who are both acute politicians and executive states men, like Lincoln, he has met his unex pected emergencies with credit It may not be truthfully denied that President McKlnley has mariaged to carry the people with him and to re tain the confidence of his party in Con gress. He Is an opthnlst like Seward to whose school of opportunist states men he belongs; he is a genial man with sufficient sense of humor to read "Mr. Dooley" and laugh over his satire even as Lincoln did over Orpheus C. Kerr's "Mackerel Brigade"; he is a pa triotic man, and yet his patriotism Is not soured by sectionalism. It is great ly to Mr. McKInley's credit that he has always met the men of peace and.good wlll at the South more than half-way; It Is to his credit that he was prompt to accept the military services of the ex-Confederate Generals Wheeler and Lee, and still more to his credit that he did not forget those services when the stress of the Spanish War and its consequences became relaxed. There were no votes to be made at the North for McKlnley by his pressing the claims of Generals Wheeler and Lee for military rewards, and the action of President McKlnley was due solely to his sense of justice and to his belief that no opportunity should "be lost which offered a chance to bind all the sections of the country to the Federal flag by a new birth of patriotic memo ries and associations. It would not be difficult to point out parts of President McKInley's record that have made his most Judicious friends grieve, but it must not be for gotten that a President who is a candi date for renomlnatlon and re-election seldom Is able to act his very best The episode with General Miles and General Alger doubtless had its origin in the fact that General Miles was a man of ardent political ambition, who, in event of a long and difficult war, might become a dangerous rival, and the political "pull" which has been wielded by Congressmen In the matter of minor military appointments has doubtless been due to the fact that the President sometimes had need of sup port, in Congress and out of Congress, of men whose friendship fixes the qual ity of a state delegation to a National convention. Every President who has been a candidate for renomlnatlon since the days of George Washington has used his official influence and his opportunity to insure his renomlnatlon, with the exception of a few men like Lincoln and Grant, who did not need to do it It is quite possible that if Lin coln had felt that his renomlnatlon was In doubt in 1864, from patriotic belief that his election was necessary to the Nation's salvation he might have advo cated his own renomlnatlon, as Gover nor John A. Andrew, of Massachusetts, threatened to do, when he said he would take an appeal to the people be fore he would allow the opposition to unseat him before the war was over. But the day of President McKInley's severest trial and temptation is over; he is under obligations to nobody; he has paid his political debts; he has nothing to labor for but the purity of his fame and the glory of the great state of which he is chief. AX EXAMPLE IX PATERNALISM IX GOVERNMENT. According to an article in the current number of Scrlbner's Magazine the Russian Government is the greatest economic unit on the face of the earth. Specifically the state draws an annual net profit of 45,000,000 rubles from Its forests, mines and agricultural prop erty, and 80,000,000 rubles from Its com munities of serfs, for the use of land ceded to or purchased for them. In pursuance of this wide economic policy the state is building the longest arid most costly railway in the world, and owns and works more than 20,000 miles of railways, the net revenue of which is equal to one-seventh of all tho rail ways in, the United States. Its annual budget Is greater than that of France by more than $200,000,DOO. In 1898 its coffers were replenished by the Inflow of 180,000,000, of which sum less than one-half was produced by taxation. The Russian state is also a banker beyond the reach of panic, a capitalist, a met allurgist and a spirit merchant. Summed up. It is the greatest land owner, the greatest capitalist, the greatest constructor of railroads, and carries on the largest business In the world. It would seem from this showing that the dream of paternalism in govern ment has had Its fullest realization in the Russian Empire. Its millions of subjects are merely children of the empire In the most obedient utterly dependent sense, and yet they are la borious, struggling, unquestioning, un requited factors In its greatness. The unification of Russia is secured by the most relentless subjugation of the rights of the individual. The paternal ism represented by the government Is of the type that rules, not of the type that coddles and grants privileges. In this it differs radically from the Idea of paternalism In government toward which populism in the United States tended, and towards which our educa tional systems tend. It is the farthest possible from the "something for noth ing" Idea that underlies the demands of our people upon the Government It may be the very best form of govern ment for the Russian people as a whole, but the protest that but now went up from the Finnish people against utter absorption in the governmental plan of the empire, and the constant friction between the authorities and the restless class known as "students" show a chafing under galling bonds which it is impossible to break, under this great economic unit known as the Russian Empire. A weak form of paternalism In gov ernment could not last a year. The hand upon the reins must be steady and the heel upon the neck unfaltering in its pressure. Its methods could not, by any possibility, be established among a people who had once been free; a weak, one-sided Imitation of it would sap their very life by the simple process of eliminating the independent spirit which is the evidence of good citizenship. The tendency In this direc tion In our Government, State and Na tion, however slight, should be prompt ly checked, since the acceptance of the idea in its fullness by the American people is as impossible as undesirable, while a half-way realization of It would be equally so. Any means whereby in dividual responsibility Is undermined or overshadowed by the governmental function Is deplorable as a sign of weakness In a Republic, and to a cer tain extent a menace to its peace and prosperity, If not to Its permanency. The negro convict system of Georgia is, without doubt, as brutal as any on earth. Slavery of whites, blacks and Indians in the Colony of Virginia, as detailed by Mary Johnston in "The Prisoners of Hope," shuddered and wept over as it is by thousands of readers, is not of a more cruel, unjust and hopeless type than that endured by the blacks In the mines, on the farms and In the quarries of Georgia today. It Is sufficient to say of these Georgia convicts that many of them do not know the nature of their alleged offenses; have never been taken before magistrates or courts, and yet they are kept by physical force In bondage and made to work as felons. That such a state of affairs should exist in a sover eign state of the American Union at the beginning of the twentieth century is a disgrace to the age and its civilization. The life of the late William M. Ev arts was well rounded out In years and In endeavor along political, profes sional and domestic lines. Its record in the two first belong to the record of his times; the narrower record of the latter was closed as his mortal remains were carried to their last rest from the village church wherein nearly fifty eight years before his marriage to the gentle woman who survives him had been solemnized, followed by a goodly number of sons and daughters and their children. Such a man leaves the stage of an orderly life as naturally as he came upon it, and with as little concern of any kind; having risen to the full measure of manhood, he dis charged its duties with vigor and earn estness, and relinquished them as na ture willed to his successors. Vice-President Roosevelt is likely to be more than a figure-head in Wash ington. His wife, comparatively young, full of health and ambition, possesses the qualities of a social leader which are denied to the President's wife on account of her very delicate physical condition. Mrs. McKinley possesses in a marked degree amiable and gentle qualities that have endeared her to the people with whom she has come In con tact during many years of life in Wash ington, but she is handicapped in many ways by lack of physical strength a grievous handicap to any woman, whatever her station In life. She, how ever, bears herself with gentleness and grace, and carries the dignity of her position with true womanliness. A correspondent recently Inquired what "law" Mrs. Nation had violated. In Cloud County, Kansas, some women who preceded Mrs. Nation by some years formed a "hatchet brigade" and smashed the saloons. The court, which was asked to charge that the liquor sa loon was outside of the protection of the law, pertinently said that "the mere fact that some are engaged In unlawful business does not give others any lawful right to destroy the, prop erty or injure the person of those so engaged without intervention of law." This case was carried up to the court of highest resort, and this sound doc trine confirmed. There was some cause for offense and room for just criticism in Admiral Sampson's opposition to the proposal to grant commissions In the Navy to en listed men, but it may be conceded that Senator Allen, of Nebraska, greatly overstepped the bounds of legitimate Indignation and dignified criticism when in this connection he called Sampson an "arrant coward." There may well be a difference of opinion as to the Admiral's judgment In regard to the "social advantages" necessary for an acceptable Naval officer, but there can be but one in regard to his courage. A correspondent asks If It is legal to spend left-over school money on desks, pianos, Christmas trees, fly-paper and such like. There is no law In the land against fllthlrig of the taxpayers' money Carnegie believes it a sin to die rich. What would he do for the rest of eter nity if "he should be taken off sud denly unshrived in the midst of his sin? The mouth of the Columbia is not half so dangerous to navigation as the mouth. of a disgruntled retiring Senator from an inland state. It is now said that Agulnaldo would rather fight civilization and benevolent assimilation than the Standard Oil Company. Enorniona Coal Consumption. Prof. R. H. Thurston in Youth's Companion. A very large part of this fuel is em ployed In supplying our steam-engines, and the quantity so UEed Is rapidly and constantly increasing. Not long ago the burning of 50 tons a day by a steamship was thought remarkable; today there are steamers on the ocean of 20,000 and 30,000 horse-power each of which require from 20 to 30 tons an hour, or 500 to 700 tons a day; and the end of the growth In steamships Is not yet in sight. Could the same power be produced by engines capa ble of converting perfectly all the heat of their fuel Into power, the coal needed by them would be made to last about eight times as long; and the exclusive use of such perfect engines would more than proportionately extend the life of mankind In temperate regions and In civilized countries. Whether such gains, or any important gains, can be expected through the dis placement of the steam engine by a better form of motor, is a question regarding which the greatest authorities are very much at a loss. They are, however, agreed in the conviction that we cannot hope for much further, or any rapid. Improvement in the grett motor which we now have, and which makes it possible for mankind to do more work in a day than could be performed otherwise in many days, and to multiply the wealth and comfort and op portunities of all the world. The progress of this greatest of inven tions has been constantly in the direction of greater complication; although of late it Jias been discovered that the "whirling eolipile," a simple steam-driven toy of the ancient Greeks, may compete successfully with the modern machine, and may be made to do wonderful work; but no prom ise of any extraordinary gain by reducing the still great wastes of the heat engines Is recognized. Working at high tempera tures, as with the gas engines, which op erate with flame temperatures, may give some considerable gain, and the range of apparently possible Improvement in this form of motor Is perhaps much greater than in the steam engine; yet, at best, we must still lose all that proportion of heat which Is measured by the range of tem perature from the heat of the discharged fluid down to absolute zero. AMERICAN BONDS BEST. Higher Interest Xecessary to Float European Securities. Chicago Record. From Berlin the American Consul-Gen-eral calls atentlon to the wide difference in the market price of the Imperial bonds of Germany and the bonds of other coun tries. From the figures produced and from the other conditions the Consul General -concludes that Germany is In a severe financial squeeze. While Ger many suffers in comparison with France and England, the latter do not show favorably in comparison with the United States. It is true that United States bonds carry with them some privileges which foreign bonds may not possess, but this fact probably has not materially lncreased their market value. It is not likely that the financial stability or credit of any of the bond-Issuing countries Is questioned. The bond quotations show that the comparative rates for money In the countries named aro: In Germany, .0357; In France and England, .0226; in the United States, .0272. In short, the United States borrower has not far from three-fourths of 1 per cent advantage as compared with the German, and about one-third of 1 per cent as compared with the English and French borrowers. That such a condition would come about during the present generation was undreamed of half a dozen years ago. And even soma of those who, like Mr. Bryan are crying out for a "broader metallic base for our currency system." have not yet become advised of the fact. Instead of growing less satisfactory, the chances are that the supply of money in the United States will Increase and that it will decrease In other countries. It will not be to the ultimate advantage of this country, however, to have con ditions arise in foreign countries that will Impair their capacity a3 consumers of American exports. COYOTE FAR3IIXG NOW. The Scalp Is "Worth Enough Now to Make Bn.tlnes.i Good. La Grande Chronicle. The new coyote bounty law provides that all scalps must be taken to the County Clerk direct by the party who kills the varmints, when the Clerk will issue a County warrant for $2, which in most Eastern Oregon counties will be worth its face, therefore of considerable more value to the varmint slayer that the state warrant under the old law, which netted him much less, owing to the doubt that existed as to its ultimate payment. Another point In the scalp taker's favor under the new law Is that he does not have to pay anything to the Clerk for taking his affidavit, whereas under the old law he had to pay 5 per cent of the amount to the notary or Justice who took his affidavit of the killing. After the County Clerk issues the county warrant as above set forth, he reports to the State Treasurer, who then Issues a state warrant in favor of the county for two-thirds of the amount. The new law promises to stimulate the business to such an extent as tb make it very profitable. Coyote farming is like ly now to become an Important industry in this section. But on the general tax payer the law Is a burden and a fraud. Wage Not the Whole Storx. New York Journal of Commerce. Japanese cotton mills are run 22 hours a day with double shifts, so that the fixed charges of manufacture are reduced to their lowest terms, and wages, though much higher than a few years ago, aro ridiculously small, compared with those in this country. Under these conditions per sons who observe economic facts only on the surface would expect the Industry to be enormously profitable, and it is not six years since we were warned by al leged statesmen in this country and in England that Japanese industries were go ing to ruin the world. Japanese watchci at 52, bicycles at $12, and pianos at $100 were going to throw an army of English and American workers out of employment according to predictions in the House of Commons and Congress. But In review ing the cotton Industry the Kobe Chron icle says that last year only one cot ton mill earned dividends, 3a Just made both ends meet, and 37 lost money. More Is involved in Industrial competition than a comparison of wage tables. From Office Boy to President. Chicago Tribune. There are both encouragement and In spiration for the young men of the coun try In the career of George B. Harris, who on Wednesday was elected president of the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Rail road Company. Mr. Harris became a rail road man In 1S66, Just 35 years ago. He had no particular "pull" or influence be hind him, and was content to begin as an office boy. He worked his way up from the bottom of the payroll to the top, fill ing in succession a dozen or more posi tions of constantly increasing responsi bility. Starting at the age of 17, he finds himself at the age of 52 at the head of a railroad system controlling more than 000 miles of track. His career Is a fresh -proof, if one were needed, of the fact that hard work, ability,. and concentration of effort were never so sure to reap an ade quate reward as they are at the present time. a Dean Stanley's Idea, of Music. "Reminiscences of Oxford," by Rev. W. Tuck well. Hearing Jenny Llnd one day sing, "I Know That My Redeemer Llveth," he told her that she had given him an idea of wheat people mean by music Only once before, he said, the same feeling had come over him, when, in front of the palace at Vienna he had heard a tatto performed by 100 drummers. SOME FURTHER COMMENT. Our predictions last week as to the election of a United States Senator were wrong. A branch of the Republican party called "Mitchellites" concocted a deal whereby the charter of Portland was amended In such a manner as to place the entire patronage of the police and fire departments under the Democratic party. This was done during the last days of the session on the express under standing that the "pleblting" Democrats In the Multnomah delegation and what other ones they could control would vote for John, H. Mitchell for Senator. The deal was carried out to a successful end on the last night of the session. The re sult was shaped last June, when Republi cans all over the state .like Church, Holmes, Dobler, etc., were knifed and beaten. Wallowa Chieftain. The solons of .Oregon in legislative body assembled finished their arduous Idb&rs last Saturday. Up to the very close of the session It looked very much like no one would be elected to the United States Senate, but about fifteen minutes before the time set for final adjournment a bal lot resulted in the election of John H. Mitchell to that important position. Th Democrats did It Whether their constit uents will aprrove of their action or not remains to be seen. Without presuming to be a political prophet, we believe they have sacrificed themselves upon the altar of politics. Very likely the legislative hall will know them no more forever. While we believe that It would have been much better for the Republican party to have dropped all the old leaders and have given us a new deal, we do not pro pose to "kick" over the result. We bear in mind that the Senate has one more Republican vote upon the important ques tions of the day. Wallowa News. The whirligig cannot change any swifter than will the Democrats In their opinion about their party Legislators voting for a Republican for United States Senator. This change of front will be the natural outgrowth of the vetoing of the Portland charter bill by the Governor. The crowd who proposed to turn over Multnomah County and Portland to the Democrats reckoned without Its host. The unholy compact between ambition and lucre has resulted as It should re sult to the utter confusion to party traitors. Both the Democrats, who have again sold their many times dishonored birthright for a mess of pottage, now will not get the pottage and must content themselves with soup, and the recreant Republicans, although they may have the laugh on their fellow-conspirators, the Democrats, yet they have gained nothing by their apostasy except the satisfaction of having defeated Mr. Corbett for United States Senator. Governor Geer, as the chief magistrate of Oregon, and a loyaL Republican, could hardly be expected to be particeps criml nls to the unholy compact. The Demo cratic managers of the deal must evi dently have been fearfully short-sighted not to have seen the rock upon which they must finally split. Nothing has ever been found or heard of in Governor Geers career that would lead a Democrat to be lieve that be would be disloyal to his party. The outs are In. Baker City Re publican. There Is encouragement in the out come of the Oregon Senatorial contest to defeated candidates In this State. Sena tor Mitchell had been defeated more times than been chosen. Manchester Union. Tho necessity for a change In the method of electing Senators has for some time been more deeply impressing Itself on the public mind as the effect of the dead locks that have been In evidence in the legislatures of a number of States, one of which, that of the Oregon legislature, was brought to an end in the small hours of last Sunday morning, when John H. Mitchell, a former Senator from this State, was chosen. The deadlock not only frequently deprives a State of repre sentation, but It often gives rise to scandal growing out of attempts at brib ery. Blnghamton Leader. As a result of the long political strug gle Mrh has recently ended In Oregon, the Senatorial prize has been captured by Hon. John H. Mitchell, who has already enjoyed the distinction of having served three full terms In the United States Sen ate, and who will be no stranger in Wash ington when ho enters upon his official duties. When Mr. Mitchell went out of the Sen ate In 1S97 he was greatly missed. In his IS years of service he had become a promi nent figure, especially upon tho commit tee on claims, of which he was chairman, and on the committees on judiciary, post offices and privileges and elections. As a member of the latter committee Senator Mitchell was always an advocate of the principles of the election of Senators by the people, and made several speeches up on that subject Mr. Mitchell is now 66 years of age and Is still vigorous, mentally and physically. His life has been a busy one and has been spent almost entirely In the West, although he Is a native of Pennsylvania. Hi has been a resident of Oregon since 1SC0. and after serving in several state of fices was flrst elected to the United States Senate In 1S73, remaining for the full term of six years. From 1S79 to 1SS5 he was out of the Senate, but in the latter year was again re-elected, and served twelve con secutive years. In politics Mr. Mitchell is a stanch republican. By a singular coincidence his principal competitor In the recent Sena torial fight was Hon. H. W. Corbett, whom he defeated for the first time In 1S73. Atlanta Constitution. The action of the Oregon Legislature In electing John H. Mitchell as United States Senator a few moments before the final adjournment of Its regular session, re duces the number of Senatorial deadlocks to three. After being in deadlock during the entire session the Oregon Legislature was meeting for the last time and, hav ing completed all business, was about to adjourn, when the Mitchell faction rallied their forces, secured the necessary vote to break the deadlock and elect their man, and won the victory. Much bitter feeling was engendered by the long fight, and factional lines have been drawn so closely that it is likely to be some years at least before Oregon will recover, and before the day will return when people will look at political questions In an un prejudiced light. Now the issue is simply Mitchell or anti-MItchell, and so the fight will go on. The three deadlocks remain ing are In Nebraska, Delaware and Mon tana, there being an aggregate of five Sen atorshlps at stake In the contests. In Nebraska the death of Mr. Hayward left a vacancy 'which has been but temDora rlly filled by Mr. Allen, and Senator Thurston retires next Monday. Delaware also has two vacancies, one caused by the retirement of Senator Gray, and tho oth er by the expiration of Kenney's term next week. Montana has one vacancy, having elected Mr. Clark, but not hl3 col league. The United States Senate Itself Is the chief obstacle in the way of an amendment to the Constitution that will provide for the election of Senators by popular vote, but a few more Orogon. Nebraska, Delaware and Montana cases will likely force- the Senate to yield. It Is plain some reform must soon come. Iowa State Register. m - Gladstone on Cromwell. Augusltne Blrrell In North American Review. I remember once making bold enough to remonstrate with Mr. Gladstone for not taking what I considered to be the proper amount of Interest In Oliver Cromwell's christening robes, which were duly ex tended before him at Chequers Court. "I cannot bring myself," said he, "to care about Oliver; he was no lover of free Institutions," "But at least" so I ven tured to murmur, gazing at the christening robes, "you cannot deny he was a Chris tian." "I see no occasion," replied Mr. Gladstone with one of his grimmest looks, "either to deny or affirm, your proposition." NOTE AND COMMENT. "Four years more of the full dinner pall." Admiral Sampson Is now preparing to contribute to the th,lngs-one-would-rather-have-left-unsaid-column. J. Plerpont Morgan received $20,000,000 for organizing the steel trust. J. Plerpont can hardly be called cheap. Ouida asserts that the world is getting uglier everj' day; The demand for the lady's novels must be dyin out. W. W. As tor has forbidden his pub lishers to sell Ms book In America. He might have saved himself the trouble. Naval experts are testing a new ex plosive at Sandy Hook, and the coroner is wearing a look of pleased expectancy. Atkinson was probably in Washington yesterday with a camera looking for an opportunity to photograph the crown. Now another millionaire is presenting li braries. Mr. Carnegie will, however, prob ably be able to place all he has on hand. The war in South Africa is costing S3. 000,000 a; week. That is almost as much money as James Croelman thinks he La worth as a correspondent If Gunner Morgan doesn't make tho mistake of becoming a candidate for President, he will llnd that his present stock of glory is sufficient to last a life time. Admiral Sampson shonild remember that even such a distinguished commander as Sir Joseph Porter, K. C. B., "cleaned the windows and swept the floor and pol ished up the handle of the big front door" and still became the ruler of the Queen's Navee. Whatever may be said of Mrs. Nation, it is certain that she has faded John G. Woolley's labors in the 'cause of temper ance like a pleco of 5-cent calico. If we could only put some of this weather into cold storage for use next summer! Captain William Foster, who died a week ago at Mobile, Ala., brought the last cargo of slaves to the United States. For thirty years he had engaged In the haz ardous business of bringing Africans to this country and seuing them. Against the advice- of his friends, he commanded tho Clotilda, the vessel that brought the last cargo of slaves to America. Tha voyage was full of danger and hair breadth escapes, and more than once Cap tain Foster was in Imminent danger of being hanged by the Union authorities for slave trading. Former Governor William A. Newell, Who had the rare distinction of being Governor of two States New Jersey and Washington writes in the . March "Suc cess" of his romantic experiences as a Congressman in 1S40. when ho originated the life saving service by offering a res olution in the House of Representatives to appropriate money to save lives im periled by the sea. Fellow members of Congress at that session we?e John Quincy Adams and Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Newell says: "Various objectiois were made to my motion, the strongest of which was that the scheme was imprac ticable. I laid the matter before a great man)' Senators and members, speaking to them in person. Ex-Preslderct Johc Quin cy Adams occupied a seat just behind mine, and, after the reading of the reso lution by the clerk. leaned forward and said to me, 'I would like to see that reso lution.' I sent for it and handed YX to him. He read it over carefully, and, handing it to me, said, with a smile: 'It Is good, I hope it will prevail.' Abraham Lincoln also read it, and said: 'Neyell, that is a good measure. I will help you. I am something of a lifesaver myself, for I Invented a scow that righted Itself on the Mississippi sandbars!' " v PLEASANTRIES OP PARAGRAPHIAS Teacher It you arc polite and hind to your young comrades, what will be the result? Bully Jones They'll know they can licfc you. Puck. x Well Satisfied. Bllffers Buncom Is a. self, made man. Isn't he? WUfers Yes. "What made you think so? Blirfers He seems to be so well satlslled with the Job. New York Weekly. "Tell me, dear, how the Wangtons have fur nished their new house." "Well. I didn't sea a thins in It that cost les than a husdred dollars, but It struck me that If they had studied the matter closer they might havo got a good deal more money Into the same space." -Life. She How Is It that you were not at Simp son's Christmas party? He I stayed away for a personal reason. She May I know what It Is? He If you will promise to maintain It a profund secret. She I give you my promise. He Well. I was not invited. Glasgow Even ing Times. Husband (going to his rich uncle's funeral) Put a couple of large handkerchiefs Into ray pocket, dear. The old gentleman promised to leave me 10.000, and I shall want to shed some appropriate tears. "Wife But supposs when the will is read you find he hasn't left you anything? Husband In that case you had better put in three. Tlt-Blts. Dewet. Baltimore American. They sent out a troop of the Royal Bazoos, To get Dewet. They cabled It home In the African news: "We'll capture him, surely. This tlmo we'll not lose." Next day In the papers this fact we peruse: "One troop In soup." A regiment found him Intrenched on a kop Dewet, You bet. They hellographed: "Going rlghtiup to tho top. We'll bring him back with us. The war will then stop." The pistols and muskets and cannon then pop. Same news: "We lose." "We've blown him to bits, and havo scattered his men. We've met Dewet." J They've cabled the message again and again. "Dewet has surrendered," they told us. But, then. His captors were marched to a Boer prison pen. Same tale: "We fall." ; Now Kitchener's weaving a wonderful neti To get Dewet. It stretches across the whole country, but yet. The crafty old burgher will somehow forget To stop where the trigger is due to upset. , Dewet - s there yet. i An Early Spring Song:. . ', Frank L- Stanton In Atlanta Constitution. I dea don't like de "Winter. Wen fros en col' win' rule; But w'en hit come de Springtime I right behln' de mule! v Hit's den I Jerks de line De white man got me gwlne De furrow long, De mule pull strong De white man got me gwlne! De ol' crow caw en holler: "Now. ain't dat nigger fool? Whilst I ez free ez freedom, He right behind de mule!" Hit's den I Jerks de line De white man got me gwlne; De" furrow long, De mule pull strong De white man jot me gwlnal