THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1901.
he rjegomem
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TODAY'S "WEATHER. Increasing cloudi
ness, followed by rain; windB shifting to south
erly t ,
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, FEB. 2.
The Salem Statesman thinks Multno
mah County ought not to have the rep
resentation In the Legislature which"
the constitution of the state would give
It. Multnomah has one-fourth of the
population, but ought not to have one
fuurth of the legislative power. But
what authority Is there for setting
aside the constitution of the state?
Representation Is based on population.
Is this a wrong principle? "Would It
better be based on property? Or what
should It be based on? What basis
or principle is to be adopted, if the
constitution be set aside? If Multno
mah is not to have her rights of rep
resentation under the constitution, she
should not be called on to carry her
burdens of taxation under the constitu
tion. Since Multnomah has one-fourth
of the population of the state, she is
entitled to one-fourth of the representa
tion in the Legislature. And though
the remark may not be directly to the
point, it may be allowable to say that
during many years Multnomah has
paid more than one-fourth of the state's
taxes.
Disfranchisement of Southern negroes
Is a precarious undertaking at best, and
it is doubly so in a border state like
Maryland, where the threat of negro
domination is purely Imaginary. The
proposals now under discussion in that
state, therefore, are of doubtful expe
diency, even from the Democratic view,
and it Is not strange that independent
Democrats of the state are disposed to
resist the "reform." Conditions that
have condoned similar laws In states
farther south do not exist in Mary
land. The colored population is only
one-fifth of the whole, and the ratio Is
rot Increasing. It has never dominated
the state, nor has It been a considerable
factor in any political movement which
has interfered with the state's prosper
ity or resulted in misgovernment. Such
Republican successes as have occurred
In Maryland have resulted not from
any rise of negroes to power, but from
revolt of Democrats against the Gor
man machine and against silver. The
danger to the South as a whole is, of
course, that the Maryland law, if en
acted, will add greatly to discontent in
the North with disfranchisement far
ther South, promote retaliatory legis
lation in Congress, and in general pro
long the unnatural political status un
der -which the South Is now struggling.
Vnder certain circumstances the peo
ple of the Philippines are noble, and
tinder other circumstances they are ex
ecrable. It all depends, as appears
Irom Mr. Teller's speech in the Senate,
upon whether they are for or against
the American flag. All the antl needs
to know In favor of a Filipino is that
he is killing American soldiers; then he
Is fit subject for panegyric. But if he
Is disposed to co-operate in enforcement
tof law and restoration of peace, then
he is "the vilest of the vile," as Teller
calls the friars, or "cruel." as he calls
the Macabebes, who are likely to be en
listed in the service of the United
States. This disclosure of animosity
toward American interests is far from
creditable to .Mr. Teller, who seems to
hae fallen from his once high estate
as a man of convictions and power, to
the le el of arf unscrupulous politician.
Hjs attacks on the Government spring,
Jut from a traitorous impulse, but from
a desire to habilitate himself thor
oughly in the Democratic party, where
his enly hope of political preferment
lies. In going these lengths in opposing
the Go eminent, he shoulders a heavy
respnslbllity, for the only practical
effect of his acts and of the acts of
Huar and Hale, and others who have
resisted the necessary Army bill, is to
stimulate resistance by those in arms
lr Luzon against our authority. It Is
dvubtful if partisanship could go much
farther In headlong recklessness than
such overt antagonism to one's coun
try. Is it a legacy of the sliver ques-tl-rn,
in which men were taught to
swear black was white, because it
promised votes?
Secretary Root has won his fight over
the reorganization of the Armv stifr
for the new Army law provides for a
staff organised by details of four years,
Instead of a permanent staff, as now!
Secretary Root urged this reform in
his first annual report, over a year ago,
"but Congress refused to accept it, and
It was beaten in the House. The change
of the artillery into a corps with bat
teries as units is another Important re
form The force Is divided into 126 bat
teries of seacoast artillery, and 30 bat
teries of field artillery. Provision is
made for enlisting 12,000 Filipinos, also
fcr n regiment of Porto Ricans. The
Srcrst mischief wrought by the delay of
Congress in the enactment of the Army
bill is that it will be impossible proba
bly to recruit the Army up to the max
imum of 100,000 men between now and
the 30th of June. In the five months
between now and the 1st of July it Is
not likely that more than 10,000 men can
be recruited, for the best that has been
done in the Army in the way of enlist
ing the past year has been at the rate
of 1600 a month. Assuming that 15,000
new men are enrolled in this country,
that would leave about 60,000 places to
fill. Old Army officers say that, con
ceding another 15.000 for voluntary re
enllstment, we have 30,000 men. Add to
these 12,000 Filipinos, and we have 42,
000 men. It would still be necessary to
raise 33,000 men. Army officers at
"Washington doubt whether the neces
sary Army can be raised without the
payment of bounties.
Continued protests from Jamaica at
American inaction on the reciprocity
treaty are natural, and can only be ex
pected to grow in volume and inten
sity. When we began taking territory
in the "West Indies, we loaded ourselves
up with the certainty of complications.
If Porto Rico Is American and Cuba is
independent and Jamaica is British, the
producers of all three will be at the
mercy of revenue laws passed by Con
gress. Jamaica is sure to protest on
grounds not only of business, but of
common humanity, against tariffs
which make Porto Ricans happy and
starve Jamaicans. American sover
eignty over all the "West Indies is one
not Improbable end of all these diffi
culties. Meanwhile, It is hard to get
concessions to Jamaica, for example,
over the protests of California produc
ers. Mr. Kasson has endeavored to
show Congressional committees that
material benefits would accrue to the
manufacturing Interests of the country
if a differential duty on American
goods were granted In Jamaica, Trini
dad and other "West Indian countries.
The Callfornians care little for this, so
long as the slightest effective compe
tition can be brought to bear upon their
prices for fruit. They will probably be
unable to .prevent a favorable report
on the Jamaica treaty to the Senate,
but they may succeed in preventing ac
tion. These fruit Interests, which suc
ceeded in getting such high duties on
oranges, lemons and grape fruit In the
Dingley law, are making almost the
only fight that is being made against
the treaties with the British "West In
dies. One effect of expansion seems
likely to be to give consumers cheap
fruit and weaken the hold our protect
ed Interests have on the home markets.
NATIONAL GRIEF.
Today the body of Queen Victoria
will be laid in the grave. The general
mourning of the people of England for
the aged Queen is something far be
yond a mere perfunctory mark of re
spect. Thoughtful statesmen unite in
bearing testimony to Victoria's political
sagacity; her firm stand for peace, but
the great common people of England
doff their hats to the royal pall with
genuine reverence because she main
tained on the throne a high example of
noble wifehood and motherhood. To
the Queen, who was a thoroughly good
woman in a great station, the English
people pay today universal honor. Na
tional grief of sincere quality for a
dead ruler of long sway is not a com
mon historical event. There was sin
cere mourning for Philippa, the tender
hearted Queen of Edward III, but there
were no tears shed by the people over
stern Mary Tudor, and probably 'not
much sincere public mourning when
her illustrious sister, Elizabeth, closed
her long reign in a state of hypochon
dria not far separated from insanity.
There was universal public grief when
Queen Mary, the handsome young wife
of "William III, died of smallpox in the
bloom of her womanhood, but there was
no mourning for Queen Anne, a stupid
woman, whose few virtues were ob
scured by her Intemperate habits.
Victoria is the only monarch of the
house of Hanover that went down to
the grave with that which should ac
company old age, honor, love, obedi
ence, troops of friends. George I and
his son, George II, were distinguished
for intemperance and a preference for
very ugly Dutch women as mistresses.
George III was both blind and crazy
when he died, and was a pigheaded ty
rant in his sane years; George IV was
the most contemptible man that ever
sat on the English throne, for he was
as cowardly and drunken as James I,
without his learning and his conjugal
virtues. "William IV had a dozen ille
gitimate children by his mistress, Mrs.
Jordan; theDuke of Kent, Queen Vic
toria's father, was a very dissolute
man. His brother, the Duke of York,
allowed his mistress, Mrs. Clarke, to
sell commissions in the army; the
Dukes of Sussex and Cumberland were
so odious in their lives that it was a
subject for public congratulation that
neither of them ever came to the
throne. The bitterest satire ever penned
by Byron, "The Vision of Judgment,"
was written on occasion of the death of
George III, and he speaks of George IV
as "the fourth of royal fools called
George."
The death of George IV, as described
by Thackeray, was dreadful in its com
plete desolation, for he was deserted
by everybody save a servant when he
drew his last breath. So corrupt was
the English court that the Duchess of
Kent kept her daughter aloof from it
so completely that "William IV angrily
accused her in a speech made at a court
banquet of insulting her sovereign by
her refusal tc allow him the society
of his niece. The memory of the house
of Hanover, both its men and its
women, was utterly malodorous In the
nostrils of the English people when Vic
toria came to the throne. She at once
placed the seal of royal command and
example upon personal purity and de
cency of social life and manners, and
so lifted the whole nation to a higher
plane. It is this domestic side to her
character, the high-minded woman in
her, rather than the wise Queen, that
the masses of the English people mourn
today. Out of the wretched soiled nest
of the house of Hanover came at last
a white dove of womanly virtue and
goodness to make the hearts of the
plain people among her subjects both
glad and proud. Since the days of
"William and Mary the people of Eng
land, until the accession of Victoria,
had taken no moral pride in their mon
archs,' but had "sat upon the ground
and told sad stories of the death of
Kings." The rest of Europe has had
even less reason to mourn the death of
the vast majority of its monarchs than
Britain,
Louis XIV of France was a super
annuated bigot in his last years; Louis
XV vas a superannuated rake, whdse
death by the smallpox was as desolate
and dreadful in its loneliness as that of
George IV of England. Charles X and
Louis Philippe died in exile. Emperor
"William I of Germany is the only lead
ing sovereign in Continental Europe of
this century whose death has been sin
cerely mourned by his people, and he
was -mourned because of his personal
manhood; he was a gallant, honorable
soldier, an honest, virtuous man in all
the relations of life. "What Is true of
Europe is true of our own country; we
have sincerely mourned only those
among our public rulers whose char
acter in public and private in all the
great essentials rang true metal. We
sincerely mourned Washington and
Grant, but most of all we deeply and
universally mourned Lincoln, whose
great, tender, magnanimous heart, so
kindly that it covered all creeds and
conditions in its philanthropic ampli
tude, made his funeral procession the
sorrowful outpouring of the people, the
cvhole people, who, Just when our ship
of state came sweeping grandly into
port, victorious after weary waiting of
bloody years, found "our captain on the
deck, cold, motionless and dead." That
was an hour of deeper grief for a lost
leader than Europe ever knew, for Lin
coln was our grandest and most com
plete figure before he fell; his fame is
sure to grow larger and the fragrance
of his memory sweeter with the on
ward march of centuries.
TREMENDOUS NAVAL EQUIPMENT.
Dewey once said our next war would
be with Germany, and hostilities are
always brewing against us by the Agra
rians. There is interest for us, there
fore, in the proposed addition of twenty-four
battle-ships, twenty large and
forty-eight small cruisers, all thor
oughly modern, to the German Navy.
Equally brave and patriotic, the com
manders and men of the German Navy
are the peers in discipline and possibly
In marksmanship of the forces that
man our own. Hence, with a naval
strength nearly double our own, at the
end of that period, our Nation might
well hesitate to measure swords with
Germany.
Leaving this possibility out of the
question, we have reason to be gratified
If not satisfied with what we ourselves
are doing In this line. One day last
month the Secretary of the Navy
opened bids for the building of eleven
new war vessels, involving the outlay of
something like $50,000,000. This under
taking Secretary Long characterized
as the "greatest industrial undertaking
this or any other country had ever
seen." Five of those vessels are to be
battle-ships, and will take the names
Pennsylvania, Georgia, Virginia, Rhode
Island and New Jersey. Three of these
will be sheathed and coppered, and will
carry two-story turrets. The other two
will be unsheathed and have the quad
rilateral arrangement of turrets. Mon
sters in naval architecture, the sheathed
vessels will be 435 feet long and of 15,000
tons' displacement. Eaoh will have a
speed of 19 knots an hour, which will
place them among the fastest battle
ships afloat. The armored cruisers will
be longer and of less displacement than
the battle-ships, but of superior speed,
the contracts calling for 22 knots. With
great) coal capacity and a radius of
action correspondingly long, these swiff
vessels are by many competent author
ities considered the most effective part
of modern naval equipment.
Two additional battle-ships are au
thorized by the pending naval bill, and
with these the United States will have,
by the time the formidable fleet of Ger
many is ready to put to sea in 1S06,
eighteen battle-ships and ten armored
cruisers. Of course, it is patriotism td
declare that we are and will be able
to take care of ourselves against all
comers, but the fact remains that we
will probably, for discretionary reasons,
permit the Kaiser to strut around with
a chip on his shoulder unmolested when
the time comes that his navy is double
the strength of our own, consoling our
selves with the reflection that "he that
Is slow to anger Is greater than the
mighty" a wholesome reflection, by the
way, which it Is well to carry Into
National as well as individual life.
A VEXED QUESTION.
According to recent reports, 8000
women stenographers were lately
thrown out of employment in Chicago,
the object being to give the work they
were doing to men. Accompanying the
story were statements concerning" the
personal insults to which many stenog
raphers of this class have been sub
jected in that city, which, if true, would
make their dismissal a matter of con
gratulation rather than regret, and
Justify the hope that other young girls
and women would neither seek nor find
further employment in that city In this
line. The part of the story, however,
that stamps a large number of employ
ers of this class of labor as libertines
is no doubt the exaggerated growth of
the personal experience of relatively a
very few women who were particularly
unfortunate in the character of their
employers.
That there is a menace to inexperi
enced girls who start out with an In
dustrial equipment that, if all goes well,
will suffice to feed and clothe them, in
going out Into the great world, seeking
employment, is evident, but that a ma
jority of men who require, in their pro
fessional or business life, the services
of stenographers and typewriters are
cool, calculating, deliberate villains, Is
an assertion too monstrous to be taken
into serious account in the considera
tion of a great industrial problem. The
Invasion of women, if it may be so
termed, into fields of labor of competi
tive money-getting, is a factor in the
Industrial problem that makes its sat
isfactory solution one of great difficulty.
With the fact pressing upon our domes
tic, social and industrial life, it is use
less to theorize concerning the cause.
It may oc may not be primarily the
fault of men in failing properly to
maintain and defend the homes of the
land; it may or may not be the fault of
women who have come to chafe at the
narrowness of the home sphere. The
necessities of women and of children
dependent upon them are certainly, in
very many Instances, behind the en
deavor of the woman wage-earner. As
a matter of fact, thousands of women
are struggling In the grand army 6f
money-getters who would much prefer
to Jead quiet, sheltered lives in homes.
But there is evidence on every hand
that very many young girls crowd the
ranks of meagerly paid labor whose
duty lies in making their fathers' homes'
attractive and in relieving their moth
ers of burdens borne too long. Others
there are to whom wage-earning Is nec
essary, who crowd in stores, shops and
offices for wages barely sufficient to
1 keep bare life afoot, who might in
household service find comfortable
homes In addition to better pay than
they now receive.
While It would be unjust to remand
all women who must earn their own liv
ing to domestic service, and while prac
tically It would be Impossible to do this,
it is still true that thousands of girls
are engaged In outside industrial voca
tions, who would be much more fitly
employed in household work. The de
mand for competent, honest, industri
ous girls for domestic service in every
city in the land is far in excess of the
supply. Seemingly it ts a demand that
is each year farther and farther from
the possibility of meeting response. And
this in the face of the fact that thou
sands of girls and young women tread
each others' heels in outside industrial
vocations in the struggle tp "make a
living." The menace of immorality
aside (which no doubt hangs over the.
lives of many young girls, who literally
struggle for existence in the great cit
ies of the world), it can scarcely be
said that the change that has turned a
vast multitude of women into wage
earners outside of homes has been on
the whole beneficial to women or to the
When the worn and shrunken body of
the late venerated Queen of England is
deposited In the vault at Frogmore be
side that of her long and bitterly la
mented husband, and the great British
public returns to the even tenor of its
way, it will begin to realize that it is
not an irreparable calamity that has
overtaken the nation in this demise, but
an orderly execution of the simple de
cree of nature which will not in any
way affect the course of natural, and
but slightly that of individual, life.
Very little, after all, In the great drama
of the years 1b dependent upon or in
terrupted, except briefly, by the death
of any human being. Sad indeed is the
condition of a state or a nation whose
permanence and prosperity depend
upon the continuance of any single hu
man life.
Economy may not consist In avoiding
debt or expenditure. A debt may be
virtually an asset Prudent men do not
hesitate to borrow money for schemes
in which they have confidence. This is
well, for otherwise there would be no
industrial progress. The drydock prop
osition for Portland demands attention.
If we are disposed to limit the prestige
and industrial efficiency of the city, we
may accomplish It by halting to Incur
debt for a drydock. However, the ob
ligation need not be a debt, but a means
of progress. If there is not enough
business here for a drydock, we can
make business with a drydock. Citi
zens are presumed to have confidence in
the future of this port. But they must
not merely have It. They must show it.
We print today a statement drawn up
to show that the County of Multnomah
is expending too much money. The
statement makes the showing a clear
one. The county Is in fact expending
too much money, and much can be
saved. In particular, look at the road
fund. The levy for roads was 2 mills,
yet the county by the warrant system
expended nearly twice as much as the
proceeds of the 2-mill levy. There
fcught also to be a great saving In the
collection of taxes. Public attention Is
particularly requested to the sugges
tions and estimates of the Taxpayers'
League.
Still the Hanna statesmen are trying
to push the ship subsidy bill. Who will
profit by it, if it becomes a law? Men
already rich. Only rich men have ship
yards. Only men already rich expect
to build ships and sail them and get
the subsidy. From whom will the
taxes to support the subsidy be drawn?
From the whole people. Are not the
men of great riches rich enough al
ready?' Why should Government tax
the country to make them richer?
Demand comes again for an appropri
ation for Soda Springs, Linn County.
The argument is that these springs
should be developed as a health resort.
Mightn't it be well to leave this and a
few other things to private initiative
and endeavor? Besides, isn't the gen
eral health good enough? And who
will say that one of the needs of the
country is not a Judicious encourage
ment of the funeral Industry, among
other things?
If the Multnomah delegation has any
sincerity In its protestations for reform,
let It repeal the Iniquitous Bancroft act,
which has Berved for sijc years as an
instrument of shameless spoliation of
the city treasury by unscrupulous raid
ers. There is no defense to this act, ex
cept that it represents the desires of
certain persons for things they have no
right to have that is, to have their
property improved at public expense.
Folly is apt to be Infectious. The
type with which Mrs. Nation is afflict
ed is no exception to the rule. It was
hoped that it might not become epi
demic, as well, but the good ground
for such seed as she has sown broad
cast Is always at hand, and It may be
regarded as certain that some of it will
take root and flourish for a time. It is
a short-lived plant. For that' let us be
duly grateful.
Pope Leo was profoundly affected by
the death of Queen Victoria. Accord
ing to his private secretary, he con
siders this event a solemn notice to pre
pare for tyis own end. It would not
seem that so aged and feeble a man as
His Holiness would need any warning
to prepare for an event so inevitable
and in the simple course of nature so
near.
A Massachusetts debating society has
solemnly decided that Governor Roose
velt's late achievements in Colorado
come "Under the head of cruelty to ani
mals. Up to latest advices the Vice-President-elect
had not picked up his
guns and camp equipage and boarded
the train for home possibly because
this decision had not yet reached him.
It is said the saloon fixtures which
Mrs. Nation is smashing are Insured.
She should next demolish the insur
ance companies.
China sent condolences for the death
of Victoria. They were slow, perhaps
because they could ill be spared.
The Legislature at Salem finds it
harder not to do the things it shouldn't
than to do the things it should.
The Boers have shot another peace
commissioner. By and by the species
may become extinct.
THE NEW KING AND HIS KINDRED
New TorkT)ribune.
The new sovereign of the United King
dom has elected to be known as Edward,
a name borne, as he says, by six of his
ancestors, and he was accordingly pro
claimed yesterday as King Edward "VTL
In speaking of the six Edwards as his
"ancestors," he of course, used that word
In its original sense of predecessors, and
not as synonymous with forefathers, for,
as a matter of fact, he Is descended from
only four of the numbered Edwards, the
fifth and sixth Kings of that name having
left no Issue. Of the two Edwards before
the conquest, who are not numbered, he
Is descended from one. It was said of
Victoria that she was at the very outset
of her reign strongly commended to her
people by the fact that she was the first
really English sovereign they had had for
many years. We Bhall, Indeed, find few
sovereigns more truly identified with their
countries by long descent than she was
and her son is. The King's English an
cestry is actually older than the name of
England itself, dating away back to the
time when the Saxon part of the Island
was still known as Saxony, a fact which
gives a peculiar fitness to his choice of
the fine old Saxon name of Edward.
We may perhaps best begin the King's
genealogy with the early Saxon family of
Cerdlc, a member of which, Ealhmund,
bore rule In Kent in the eighth century.
His son, Egbert, In the last year of that
century, became King of the West Sax
ons, and in the year 823 became the first
"King of England." Egbert's son was
Ethel wolf, and his son in turn was that
great Alfred, the millennial anniversary
of whose death is to be commemmorated
next October. From Alfer the line of de
scent run through Edward the Elder, Ed
mund I, Edgar, Ethelred the Unready
and Edmund Ironside. Then It passes
away from the reigning line Into the col
lateral line of Edward Atheling. who did
not reign; St. Margaret, the patron saint
of Scotland, and wife of that King Mal
colm III of Scotland, whose father, Dun
can, was murdered by Macbeth, and who
himself avenged that crime in the over
throw of the usurper at Dunsinane; Ma
tilda, wife of Henry I of England, and
Geoffrey Plantagenet. It becomes the
reigning line again in Henry II, and
thence proceds through King John, Henry
III, and the three Edwards, I, II and III.
Then It becomes a dual line. One branch
run through John of Gaunt, "time-honored
Lancaster"; John, Marquis of Dorset;
John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; and
Margaret, Countess of Richmond, to
Henry VII. The other runs through
Prince Edmund, son of Edward III; Rich
ard. Duke of 'York; a second Richard,
Duke of York, and King Edward IV to
Elizabeth, wife of Henry VII. Thus. In
the first Tudor reign the two are united
into a single line. Thence it proceeds
through Margaret, -lfe of James IV of
Scotland; James V of Scotlana, Mary
Stuart, Queen of Scots; James I of Eng
land, Elizabeth, wife of King Frederick
of Bohemia; Sophia, wife of Ernest Au
gustus, Elector of Hanover; George I and
George II of England, Frederick Lewis,
Prince of Wales; George III. of England,
Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent, and Vic
toria, Queen and Empress
Edward VII is thus in the 35th genera
tion from Egbert, the first King of Eng
land, thought he Is the 5Sth sovereign In
the line. It will be observed that many
famous sovereigns are not among his pro
genlators, amongt these being Edward the
Confessor, all the Normans, Richard the
Lion Hearted, Henry VIII, the two
Charleses, and William and Mary. The
line includes members of the Houses of
Plantagenet, York, Tudor, Stuart and
Hanover and non-relgnlng Lancastrians.
In the Wars of the Roses it was divided
between the two sides. It has been said
that the name of Edward will not be
pleasing to Scotland. But It Is exceeding
ly doubtful- that the Scots of today cher
ish any animosity on account of what oc
curred six centuries ago, especially to
ward a King who Is descended from their
patron saint, Queen Margaret; from Mary
Queen of Scots, and from other purely
Scottish sovorelgns. The King's geneal
ogy Includes descent from the then reign
ing houses of Scotland, France, Bohemia,
Aqultalne, Angouleme, Provence. Hain
ault, Castile, Denmark, Hanover. Bran
denburg, Ansparch Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
v and Mecklenburg-Strelltz. The non-royal
English families of Neville and Woodvllle
are also included. To such descent the
King adds matrimonial alliances of the
most Important and distinguished charac
ter, through which he Is son-in-law of the
King of Denmark, brother-in-law of the
King of Greece and uncle of the Emperor
of Russia. If to this we add that he Is
an uncle of the German Emperor, It is
apparent that In his kin, past and pres
ent, Edward VII enjoys a Btatus second
to that of no other sovereign In the world.
BOWED TO PliEDE" SCHOEFFEL.
Rochester Cadet Who Whipped
Everything nt West Point.
New York. Captain Frank Schoefffel. of
the Ninth Infantry, has the distinguished
record of being the plebe who whipped
"everything In sight," who fought five
men "to a finish" In one day and
"knocked out" his most accomplished ad
versary after 28 rounds, and as the only
student at West Point who never was
hazed. In the Army he has gone right
ahead whipping Spaniards, Filipinos and
Chinese Boxers Impartially, whenever op
portunity offered.
Captain Schoeffel 13 6 feet V inches in
height, Is aggressively redheaded, and
comes of fighting stock, being the son of
Colonel Francis A. Schoeftel, of Roches
ter, N. Y. When Frank decided to try for
a West Point cadetshlp, in 1887, he al
ready, had his growth. He had heard
something of West Point's physical stand
ards, as well as Its Intellectual require
ments, so he went into systematic train
ing. He ran many miles dally along the
canal path, he swung Indian clubs and
dumbells, he punched the bag, skipped
the rope and took boxing lessons from the
best Instructor in Rochester. When he
entered West Point he was promptly
"called out."
History mercifully conceals the names
of tho 30 men whom Schoeffel met suc
cessively before he had established his
right to Immunity from persecution. He
left marks on most of tnem, "knocked
them out' in from one to 28" rounds, and
during the engagements of the year he
supplied material for at least one ward in
thu hospital with great regularity. One
particularly obnoxious upper classman,
with the reputation of a bully, angered
Schoeffel, who told him plainly he was
not fit for the company of gentlemen. Of
course the bully had to fight, which
pleased Schoeffel greatly. With neatness
and precision the Rochester youth deco
rated first one eye and then the other.
Then he spoiled two front teeth. Finally
the bully was carried to the hospital.
Before Schoeffel had compelled recogni
tion as the undisputed fistic champion of
the academy, his friends of the upper
class subjected him to the trying ordeal
of meeting five picked bruisers success
ively In a single day. This test was ex
pected to humble his pride, but Frank
sent one after another down and out and
then asked if anybody else had aspira
tions. After this his supremacy was very
generally conceded, and he had some
available time for study.
So deep an impression did Frank Schoef
fel's prowess leave upon his comrades
that when a few years later his brother
Bernard came along as a plebe and the
cadets observed that the stripling was
built on the same lines as the redoubtable
Frank, and learned that he had enjoyed
sirallnr athletic privileges, he was ac
cepted on his apparent merits and did
no have to fight his way to fame. The
older brother had established the family's
status in a class by itself and it has al-
I wars stood unchallenced.
GOLD AND PAPER IN CIRCULATION
New York Journal of Commerce.
It is the great advantage of & paper cur
rency that it enables a community to do
itB business with a smaller amount of its
wealth confined to the form of coins. So
far as these coins perform the function of
counters they can be replaced with great
economy by paper. But this la not tho
only function they perform, nor the most
Important one, which is to settle a bar
gain by the. exchange of one sort of prop
erty for another. For this purpose noth
ing will take their place, and a commu
nity may have an insufficient supply of
coins for the performance of a function
quite beyond the power of paper money.
With a recent large addition to our sup
plies of paper money, and indications
pointing toward considerable exports of
gold, the question has been raised whether
there has been an Inflation of the cur
rency. For if the volume of currency la
too large, a part of It will show a tendency
to go abroad, and the only part that can
go abroad is the gold. The volume of
gold in tho country is now so large, the
maintenance of the unit of valuo is so
well secured, and the balance to our credit
in Europe is so great that a good deal of
gold may be sent abroad, not only with
out Inconvenience, but without attracting
much attention. But that the outward
movement of gold Is facilitated by a large
addition to our stock of paper money ts
quite possible, and if there Is any connec
tion between the two the process will bear
watching.
There Is nothing In the volume of
paper, compared with the volume of busi
ness, or In the apparent gold movement,
to indicate that the volume of currency Is
redundant; It certainly waB not during
the season when the demand for currency
Is keenest. But the fact that paper is be
ing added to the circulation may make It
possible to withdraw gold for export
without causing inconvenience, and while
this Is an advantage to the extent that it
enables us to supply the needs of Europe
without creating a stringency at home, It
might be carried to the extent of reducing
too far the stock of gold which must al
ways be large to sustain the great volume
of our credit currencies.
The process occurred between 1890 and
1893. The Sherman law did not drive
gold out of the countryi but It added
paper to our circulation at a time when
Europe had unusual needs for money, as
It again has, and as gold could be shipped
without tightening the money market It
was shipped until the country lost a good
deal more than it could spare in view of
the very great volume of paper money.
Between July 1, 1890, and July 1, 1893, the
currency was Increased by
Silver dollars (or certificates).... $15S,217,472
Subsidiary silver 689,818
Treasury notes 147,190,227
Total $305,997,517
But there was a reduction of $97,865,344
of gold and $7,256,963 of National bank
notes, making; the not addition to the cur
rency just over two hundred millions. The
loss of treasury gold exceeded $132,000,000,
and the net exports of gold amounted to
$156,132,423, about nine millions more than
the treasury notes added. Without this
addition of paper It Is probable that the
export of gold would have been checked
by rising rates at home, which would
have been Inconvenient, but much less so
than tho results of the discovery that the
treasury gold had been heavily depleted.
During the calendar year 1900 the stock
of money was Increased by
Gold $92,531,972
National banknotes 93,863,952
Silver dollars 2S.4S9.167
Subsidiary silver 7,925,752.
Total $222,810,843
But there was at reduction of $26,923,280
in treasury notes, making tho net Increase
$195,837,563. The demand for money has
been so much greater In Europe than
here that in spite of an enormous balance
In our favor the net Import of gold for the
year was $12,603,402, to which is to bo
added the gold produced In our own
mines. If the additional volume of bank
notes has permitted us to relieve the ne
cessities of Europe without contracting
our own money supply both continents
have participated in the benefits. But
with the very large paper circulation
which we have, the maintenance of a
large volume of gold is an essential pre
caution. Our bank currency ought to be in larger
volume than It is, and it would be under
proper legislation; but such legislation
would provide for the ultimate retirement
of the Government notes, and with that
would come the obligation of the banks
to redeem their own notes In gold. Under
such conditions the banks might be trust
ed to keop enough gold on hand.
OBVIOUSLY A FAKE.
That Story Reported From the "Fili
pino Capital."
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The latest effort of the Filipino Junta
to influence American sentiment is as
false as any that preceded it. The story
is that an American who had been a high
salaried employe of a Hong Kong house
penetrated to the Filipino capital car
rying letters from Carlo Rublno, a native
merchant of Manila, to Agulnaldo; that
the latter declared he would never ac
cept amnesty, because he could not trust
the Americans, and because Dewey and
Otis had deceived him In that they prom
ised the Filipinos independence and then
repudiated their "promises; that he would
not advise his people to accept amnesty
because for him personally it meant im
prisonment and for the people serfdom.
The alleged Interview has all the ear
marks of a document manufactured out
of whole cloth by a man of the Petti
grew type. There Is no Filipino capital.
There is no Filipino Government No
pretense is made by the rebels in the
field of governing any city or province.
If Agulnaldo Is living he is in hiding
without an army, deserted by "Gener
als" and "Cabinet," and with no author
ity to speak for any Filipino except him
self. He Is neither President, nor Gen
era, nor leader, and yet he Is repre
sented as posing before the world as the
accuser of Admiral Dewey, General Otis
and President McKlnley.
The man who wrote the Interview as
sures us that he was astonished at Agui
naldo's knowledge of the history of the
United States, and in the next para
graph tells us that Agulnaldo declared
that our original system was admirable,
but not as administered now, and that
amnesty promised by the United States
Government "means slavery and obedi
ence to the will of McKlnley."
This sounds suspiciously like the cop
perhead speeches In the last campaign,
and shows almost as thorough knowl
edge of American history and as just a
conception of the American system of
government as that displayed by certain
gentlemen in Congress who have criti
cised President McKlnley for not "act
ing up to the measure of Washington
and Lincoln" and issuing a proclama
tion declaring the Philippine Islands in
dependent. Everything that has come from the
Aguinaldoltes in this country or from
those in Hong Kong and Luzon has been
bombastic, puerile, and artificial. Amer
icans have been given the choice bo
tween accepting these transparent fab
rications and believing the official state
ments of Americans like Admiral Dewey,
General Otis, Professor Schurman and
Judge Taft.
On one side are the avowed enemies of
tha country pretending to teach Amer
icans lessons, of patriotism and duty. On
the other are men long honored by the
Nation.
NOTE AND COMMENT. ,,
Perhaps, after all, Mrs. Nation is merely
in the employ of tho glass trust.
The Oklahoma Indians are about as
dangerous as tho cigar-store variety.
Hasn't it occurred to Alfred Austin to
apply for the position of King's Jester?
Tho Wichita saloon-keepers cannot do
buslnoss without the consent of any
Nation on earth.
Kruger is probably holding off his death
till Queen Victoria gives him a chance to
get Into the newspapers.
It Is to be hoped that the New York,
vigilance committee will not mete out Jus
tice on the Kansas plan.
It Is not likely that the Commoner has to
get out six extras a day to satisfy tho
demand for the news it contains.
Fortune knocks only onco at a man's
door, but the grip knocks with the fre
quency of a sewing machino agent.
An East Side man who has a dachshund
says that in the dog line he wants but
little here below, but wants that little,
long.
Croker has paid his Income tax in Eng
land. He has probably discovered that
there are some public officers whom ho
doesn't own.
A Now York man locked his wife up In
a closet because she was pretty. If this
custom becomes general it will be im
possible to find a married woman on the
streets of Portland.
Professor Barrett Wendell, the literary
snob of Harvard University, was so over
come by the news of Queen Victoria's
death that he asked his class to break
the custom of the university undergradu
ates of applauding tho lecturer at the
close of the half year, and to pass out In
silence as a token of respect to tho
"greatest human spirit" that had Just
passed out of this world.
The Wisconsin Legislature Is consider
ing a bill making interesting changes in
the marriage laws of that state. It pro
vides that the Probate Court of each
county shall appoint three physicians,
whose duty it shall be to pass upon all
applications for marriage licenses; and that
no license shall be given unless the ap
plicants receive from the examining board
a certificate showing that they are free
from alments that may be deemed a bar
to marriage, Including Insanity, drunken
ness and constitutional diseases.
Down In the land of Pops and corn.
On a cool and frosty Winter morn.
Did Mrs. Nation the loud "ha. ha"
Give the saloons in Wichita.
Roundabout her rabMes surged.
Yet always scathless she emerged;
Bravest of all in that bravo town.
She tore all the bars and fixtures down,
And ever the mob set up a yell
Another bevel-plate mirror fell.
Up the street came a heavy tread.
Bold Mrs. Schilling & vast crowd led;
Under her bonnet left and right
She glanced, the wrecked bars met-Tier sight.
"Haiti" and her followers stood fast; '
"Lookt" and their ley eyes they cast T
At Mrs. Nation, who, ax In hand,
Was smashing bottles to beat the band.
She paused a moment, and looked around,
And at the moD sne siermy wownea.
"Who dares to Interfere with me '
Well. Just attempt It once," said she.
A deadly pallor, a sudden chill.
The leader's breast began to fill.
"Who touches a hair of yonder head
Is taking a large-sUed chance," she Bald.
All day long, in Wichita,
Sounded brave Carrie's "ha ha ha,'
All day long barkeepers' wives
Wisely refused to risk their lives.
And staj ed their shrewdly planned attacks,
At the sight of Mrs. Nation's ax.
Mrs. Nation's work goes on.
And will, till all the bars .are gone.
And ever her ax ascends and falls '
po crumbling down tho barroom walls.
When she has got them all torn down
She'll Journey to some other town.
And when she comes along the pike
The prudent liquor men will hike.
When Carrie's earthly work Is done.
And o'er her smiles the Kansas sun.
Let this inscription, in letters bright, '
Glint in the mellow morning light:
"She wasn't a handsome or cultured dame.
But there's no denying that she was game.''
SYSTEM UNDEMOCRATIC.
As It Works Out It Doea Not Accord
With. Our Theory.
Chicago Times-Herald.
William McKlnley and Theodore Roose
velt have been elected President and
Vice-President, respectively, of the United
States. The returns from state capitals
show that 28 states cast 293 votes for Mc
Klnley and Roosuvelt, while 17 states cast
155 votes for Bryan and Stevenson.
When McKlnley voted the Republican
ticket at Canton, O., last November,
many persons, no doubt, thought he voted
for himself. But, of course, he did not;
he voted for the 23 Republican Electors of
Ohio.
Tho incident is merely recalled at this
time as an occasion for reminding the
people of the absurdity of perpetuating
this undemocratic method of electing a
President and Vice-President in a Repub
lic where the people rule. The framers
of the Constitution, while laying founda
tions tn-r n trreat democracy, were dis
posed to regard popular government as
an experiment to be entered upon under
Constitutional safeguards and limitations.
They believed It unwise to intrust the
election of Chief Magistrates and United
States Senators to a direct vote of the
people. They therefore instituted the
Electoral College, composed of representa
tives chosen by the people, to whom is
delegated the power to iect a President
and a Vice-President
That the electoral system Is not in ac
cord with the democratic theory of our
Government is now readily recognized by
all discerning persons. A recognition of
this fact is not Incompatible with a proper
veneration for our institutions. More
over, we have seen that it is fraught with
the dangers and dlssatlsfaotion that coma
from injustice. If we elected Presidents
as we elect Governors, McKlnley would
have been eleuted President over Bryan
In the last contest by a pluralty of 833,280
votes.
But the verdict of the Electoral College
has not always represented the popular
will. In 1876 Tilden's popular plurality
over Hayes was 260.935, while In 1888 Cleve
land had a plurality ot SS.017 over Harri
son in tho popular vote. Cleveland, in
fact, received a plurality of the popular
vote in three successive National con
tests. Neither partisan prejudice nor reverence
for the Constitution can obscure the fact
that the electoral system Is not in conson
ance with our democratic theory of gov
eminent.