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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 2, 1901)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1901. he rjegomem Entered at the PostoOce at Portland, Oregon, as eeeoed-clasa matter. TELEPHONES. Sdltorlal Rooms 166 Business Office... C67 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance pally, with Sunday, per month ....? 85 pally, fiunoay excepted, per j ear. ........ 7 50 Dally. -with Sunday, per year 3 00 Sunday, per year ...... 2 00 The Weekly, per year 1 CO The "Weekly, 3 months 50 To City Subscribers Doily, per week, delivered, Sundays excepted.lBc Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays included.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 10 to 16-page paper lc 10 to 32 page paper . 2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication In The Oreconian should be addressed invarla b!y "Editor The Oreconian," not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to advertis ing, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonian." The Oregoalan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box 855, Sfecoma PostSce. Eastern Business Office The Tribune build ing. New Torlc City: "The Rookery." Chicago; the S. C Beck with special agency. New Tork. For sale In San Franeieeo by J. K. Cooper. T40 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros.. 2S Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street: Foster & Orear. Ferry Stews stand. For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardper, 59 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 Bo. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., ill Dearborn street. For sale in Omaha by H. C Shears. 105 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co , 77 W Second South street. For sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co.. 115 Royal street. On Die In Washington D. C. with A. W. Dunn. COO 14th N. W. For sale in Dem'er. Colo., by Hamilton & Xendrlck. 008-812 Seventh street. TODAY'S "WEATHER. Increasing cloudi ness, followed by rain; windB shifting to south erly t , PORTLAND, SATURDAY, FEB. 2. The Salem Statesman thinks Multno mah County ought not to have the rep resentation In the Legislature which" the constitution of the state would give It. Multnomah has one-fourth of the population, but ought not to have one fuurth of the legislative power. But what authority Is there for setting aside the constitution of the state? Representation Is based on population. Is this a wrong principle? "Would It better be based on property? Or what should It be based on? What basis or principle is to be adopted, if the constitution be set aside? If Multno mah is not to have her rights of rep resentation under the constitution, she should not be called on to carry her burdens of taxation under the constitu tion. Since Multnomah has one-fourth of the population of the state, she is entitled to one-fourth of the representa tion in the Legislature. And though the remark may not be directly to the point, it may be allowable to say that during many years Multnomah has paid more than one-fourth of the state's taxes. Disfranchisement of Southern negroes Is a precarious undertaking at best, and it is doubly so in a border state like Maryland, where the threat of negro domination is purely Imaginary. The proposals now under discussion in that state, therefore, are of doubtful expe diency, even from the Democratic view, and it Is not strange that independent Democrats of the state are disposed to resist the "reform." Conditions that have condoned similar laws In states farther south do not exist in Mary land. The colored population is only one-fifth of the whole, and the ratio Is rot Increasing. It has never dominated the state, nor has It been a considerable factor in any political movement which has interfered with the state's prosper ity or resulted in misgovernment. Such Republican successes as have occurred In Maryland have resulted not from any rise of negroes to power, but from revolt of Democrats against the Gor man machine and against silver. The danger to the South as a whole is, of course, that the Maryland law, if en acted, will add greatly to discontent in the North with disfranchisement far ther South, promote retaliatory legis lation in Congress, and in general pro long the unnatural political status un der -which the South Is now struggling. Vnder certain circumstances the peo ple of the Philippines are noble, and tinder other circumstances they are ex ecrable. It all depends, as appears Irom Mr. Teller's speech in the Senate, upon whether they are for or against the American flag. All the antl needs to know In favor of a Filipino is that he is killing American soldiers; then he Is fit subject for panegyric. But if he Is disposed to co-operate in enforcement tof law and restoration of peace, then he is "the vilest of the vile," as Teller calls the friars, or "cruel." as he calls the Macabebes, who are likely to be en listed in the service of the United States. This disclosure of animosity toward American interests is far from creditable to .Mr. Teller, who seems to hae fallen from his once high estate as a man of convictions and power, to the le el of arf unscrupulous politician. Hjs attacks on the Government spring, Jut from a traitorous impulse, but from a desire to habilitate himself thor oughly in the Democratic party, where his enly hope of political preferment lies. In going these lengths in opposing the Go eminent, he shoulders a heavy respnslbllity, for the only practical effect of his acts and of the acts of Huar and Hale, and others who have resisted the necessary Army bill, is to stimulate resistance by those in arms lr Luzon against our authority. It Is dvubtful if partisanship could go much farther In headlong recklessness than such overt antagonism to one's coun try. Is it a legacy of the sliver ques-tl-rn, in which men were taught to swear black was white, because it promised votes? Secretary Root has won his fight over the reorganization of the Armv stifr for the new Army law provides for a staff organised by details of four years, Instead of a permanent staff, as now! Secretary Root urged this reform in his first annual report, over a year ago, "but Congress refused to accept it, and It was beaten in the House. The change of the artillery into a corps with bat teries as units is another Important re form The force Is divided into 126 bat teries of seacoast artillery, and 30 bat teries of field artillery. Provision is made for enlisting 12,000 Filipinos, also fcr n regiment of Porto Ricans. The Srcrst mischief wrought by the delay of Congress in the enactment of the Army bill is that it will be impossible proba bly to recruit the Army up to the max imum of 100,000 men between now and the 30th of June. In the five months between now and the 1st of July it Is not likely that more than 10,000 men can be recruited, for the best that has been done in the Army in the way of enlist ing the past year has been at the rate of 1600 a month. Assuming that 15,000 new men are enrolled in this country, that would leave about 60,000 places to fill. Old Army officers say that, con ceding another 15.000 for voluntary re enllstment, we have 30,000 men. Add to these 12,000 Filipinos, and we have 42, 000 men. It would still be necessary to raise 33,000 men. Army officers at "Washington doubt whether the neces sary Army can be raised without the payment of bounties. Continued protests from Jamaica at American inaction on the reciprocity treaty are natural, and can only be ex pected to grow in volume and inten sity. When we began taking territory in the "West Indies, we loaded ourselves up with the certainty of complications. If Porto Rico Is American and Cuba is independent and Jamaica is British, the producers of all three will be at the mercy of revenue laws passed by Con gress. Jamaica is sure to protest on grounds not only of business, but of common humanity, against tariffs which make Porto Ricans happy and starve Jamaicans. American sover eignty over all the "West Indies is one not Improbable end of all these diffi culties. Meanwhile, It is hard to get concessions to Jamaica, for example, over the protests of California produc ers. Mr. Kasson has endeavored to show Congressional committees that material benefits would accrue to the manufacturing Interests of the country if a differential duty on American goods were granted In Jamaica, Trini dad and other "West Indian countries. The Callfornians care little for this, so long as the slightest effective compe tition can be brought to bear upon their prices for fruit. They will probably be unable to .prevent a favorable report on the Jamaica treaty to the Senate, but they may succeed in preventing ac tion. These fruit Interests, which suc ceeded in getting such high duties on oranges, lemons and grape fruit In the Dingley law, are making almost the only fight that is being made against the treaties with the British "West In dies. One effect of expansion seems likely to be to give consumers cheap fruit and weaken the hold our protect ed Interests have on the home markets. NATIONAL GRIEF. Today the body of Queen Victoria will be laid in the grave. The general mourning of the people of England for the aged Queen is something far be yond a mere perfunctory mark of re spect. Thoughtful statesmen unite in bearing testimony to Victoria's political sagacity; her firm stand for peace, but the great common people of England doff their hats to the royal pall with genuine reverence because she main tained on the throne a high example of noble wifehood and motherhood. To the Queen, who was a thoroughly good woman in a great station, the English people pay today universal honor. Na tional grief of sincere quality for a dead ruler of long sway is not a com mon historical event. There was sin cere mourning for Philippa, the tender hearted Queen of Edward III, but there were no tears shed by the people over stern Mary Tudor, and probably 'not much sincere public mourning when her illustrious sister, Elizabeth, closed her long reign in a state of hypochon dria not far separated from insanity. There was universal public grief when Queen Mary, the handsome young wife of "William III, died of smallpox in the bloom of her womanhood, but there was no mourning for Queen Anne, a stupid woman, whose few virtues were ob scured by her Intemperate habits. Victoria is the only monarch of the house of Hanover that went down to the grave with that which should ac company old age, honor, love, obedi ence, troops of friends. George I and his son, George II, were distinguished for intemperance and a preference for very ugly Dutch women as mistresses. George III was both blind and crazy when he died, and was a pigheaded ty rant in his sane years; George IV was the most contemptible man that ever sat on the English throne, for he was as cowardly and drunken as James I, without his learning and his conjugal virtues. "William IV had a dozen ille gitimate children by his mistress, Mrs. Jordan; theDuke of Kent, Queen Vic toria's father, was a very dissolute man. His brother, the Duke of York, allowed his mistress, Mrs. Clarke, to sell commissions in the army; the Dukes of Sussex and Cumberland were so odious in their lives that it was a subject for public congratulation that neither of them ever came to the throne. The bitterest satire ever penned by Byron, "The Vision of Judgment," was written on occasion of the death of George III, and he speaks of George IV as "the fourth of royal fools called George." The death of George IV, as described by Thackeray, was dreadful in its com plete desolation, for he was deserted by everybody save a servant when he drew his last breath. So corrupt was the English court that the Duchess of Kent kept her daughter aloof from it so completely that "William IV angrily accused her in a speech made at a court banquet of insulting her sovereign by her refusal tc allow him the society of his niece. The memory of the house of Hanover, both its men and its women, was utterly malodorous In the nostrils of the English people when Vic toria came to the throne. She at once placed the seal of royal command and example upon personal purity and de cency of social life and manners, and so lifted the whole nation to a higher plane. It is this domestic side to her character, the high-minded woman in her, rather than the wise Queen, that the masses of the English people mourn today. Out of the wretched soiled nest of the house of Hanover came at last a white dove of womanly virtue and goodness to make the hearts of the plain people among her subjects both glad and proud. Since the days of "William and Mary the people of Eng land, until the accession of Victoria, had taken no moral pride in their mon archs,' but had "sat upon the ground and told sad stories of the death of Kings." The rest of Europe has had even less reason to mourn the death of the vast majority of its monarchs than Britain, Louis XIV of France was a super annuated bigot in his last years; Louis XV vas a superannuated rake, whdse death by the smallpox was as desolate and dreadful in its loneliness as that of George IV of England. Charles X and Louis Philippe died in exile. Emperor "William I of Germany is the only lead ing sovereign in Continental Europe of this century whose death has been sin cerely mourned by his people, and he was -mourned because of his personal manhood; he was a gallant, honorable soldier, an honest, virtuous man in all the relations of life. "What Is true of Europe is true of our own country; we have sincerely mourned only those among our public rulers whose char acter in public and private in all the great essentials rang true metal. We sincerely mourned Washington and Grant, but most of all we deeply and universally mourned Lincoln, whose great, tender, magnanimous heart, so kindly that it covered all creeds and conditions in its philanthropic ampli tude, made his funeral procession the sorrowful outpouring of the people, the cvhole people, who, Just when our ship of state came sweeping grandly into port, victorious after weary waiting of bloody years, found "our captain on the deck, cold, motionless and dead." That was an hour of deeper grief for a lost leader than Europe ever knew, for Lin coln was our grandest and most com plete figure before he fell; his fame is sure to grow larger and the fragrance of his memory sweeter with the on ward march of centuries. TREMENDOUS NAVAL EQUIPMENT. Dewey once said our next war would be with Germany, and hostilities are always brewing against us by the Agra rians. There is interest for us, there fore, in the proposed addition of twenty-four battle-ships, twenty large and forty-eight small cruisers, all thor oughly modern, to the German Navy. Equally brave and patriotic, the com manders and men of the German Navy are the peers in discipline and possibly In marksmanship of the forces that man our own. Hence, with a naval strength nearly double our own, at the end of that period, our Nation might well hesitate to measure swords with Germany. Leaving this possibility out of the question, we have reason to be gratified If not satisfied with what we ourselves are doing In this line. One day last month the Secretary of the Navy opened bids for the building of eleven new war vessels, involving the outlay of something like $50,000,000. This under taking Secretary Long characterized as the "greatest industrial undertaking this or any other country had ever seen." Five of those vessels are to be battle-ships, and will take the names Pennsylvania, Georgia, Virginia, Rhode Island and New Jersey. Three of these will be sheathed and coppered, and will carry two-story turrets. The other two will be unsheathed and have the quad rilateral arrangement of turrets. Mon sters in naval architecture, the sheathed vessels will be 435 feet long and of 15,000 tons' displacement. Eaoh will have a speed of 19 knots an hour, which will place them among the fastest battle ships afloat. The armored cruisers will be longer and of less displacement than the battle-ships, but of superior speed, the contracts calling for 22 knots. With great) coal capacity and a radius of action correspondingly long, these swiff vessels are by many competent author ities considered the most effective part of modern naval equipment. Two additional battle-ships are au thorized by the pending naval bill, and with these the United States will have, by the time the formidable fleet of Ger many is ready to put to sea in 1S06, eighteen battle-ships and ten armored cruisers. Of course, it is patriotism td declare that we are and will be able to take care of ourselves against all comers, but the fact remains that we will probably, for discretionary reasons, permit the Kaiser to strut around with a chip on his shoulder unmolested when the time comes that his navy is double the strength of our own, consoling our selves with the reflection that "he that Is slow to anger Is greater than the mighty" a wholesome reflection, by the way, which it Is well to carry Into National as well as individual life. A VEXED QUESTION. According to recent reports, 8000 women stenographers were lately thrown out of employment in Chicago, the object being to give the work they were doing to men. Accompanying the story were statements concerning" the personal insults to which many stenog raphers of this class have been sub jected in that city, which, if true, would make their dismissal a matter of con gratulation rather than regret, and Justify the hope that other young girls and women would neither seek nor find further employment in that city In this line. The part of the story, however, that stamps a large number of employ ers of this class of labor as libertines is no doubt the exaggerated growth of the personal experience of relatively a very few women who were particularly unfortunate in the character of their employers. That there is a menace to inexperi enced girls who start out with an In dustrial equipment that, if all goes well, will suffice to feed and clothe them, in going out Into the great world, seeking employment, is evident, but that a ma jority of men who require, in their pro fessional or business life, the services of stenographers and typewriters are cool, calculating, deliberate villains, Is an assertion too monstrous to be taken into serious account in the considera tion of a great industrial problem. The Invasion of women, if it may be so termed, into fields of labor of competi tive money-getting, is a factor in the Industrial problem that makes its sat isfactory solution one of great difficulty. With the fact pressing upon our domes tic, social and industrial life, it is use less to theorize concerning the cause. It may oc may not be primarily the fault of men in failing properly to maintain and defend the homes of the land; it may or may not be the fault of women who have come to chafe at the narrowness of the home sphere. The necessities of women and of children dependent upon them are certainly, in very many Instances, behind the en deavor of the woman wage-earner. As a matter of fact, thousands of women are struggling In the grand army 6f money-getters who would much prefer to Jead quiet, sheltered lives in homes. But there is evidence on every hand that very many young girls crowd the ranks of meagerly paid labor whose duty lies in making their fathers' homes' attractive and in relieving their moth ers of burdens borne too long. Others there are to whom wage-earning Is nec essary, who crowd in stores, shops and offices for wages barely sufficient to 1 keep bare life afoot, who might in household service find comfortable homes In addition to better pay than they now receive. While It would be unjust to remand all women who must earn their own liv ing to domestic service, and while prac tically It would be Impossible to do this, it is still true that thousands of girls are engaged In outside industrial voca tions, who would be much more fitly employed in household work. The de mand for competent, honest, industri ous girls for domestic service in every city in the land is far in excess of the supply. Seemingly it ts a demand that is each year farther and farther from the possibility of meeting response. And this in the face of the fact that thou sands of girls and young women tread each others' heels in outside industrial vocations in the struggle tp "make a living." The menace of immorality aside (which no doubt hangs over the. lives of many young girls, who literally struggle for existence in the great cit ies of the world), it can scarcely be said that the change that has turned a vast multitude of women into wage earners outside of homes has been on the whole beneficial to women or to the When the worn and shrunken body of the late venerated Queen of England is deposited In the vault at Frogmore be side that of her long and bitterly la mented husband, and the great British public returns to the even tenor of its way, it will begin to realize that it is not an irreparable calamity that has overtaken the nation in this demise, but an orderly execution of the simple de cree of nature which will not in any way affect the course of natural, and but slightly that of individual, life. Very little, after all, In the great drama of the years 1b dependent upon or in terrupted, except briefly, by the death of any human being. Sad indeed is the condition of a state or a nation whose permanence and prosperity depend upon the continuance of any single hu man life. Economy may not consist In avoiding debt or expenditure. A debt may be virtually an asset Prudent men do not hesitate to borrow money for schemes in which they have confidence. This is well, for otherwise there would be no industrial progress. The drydock prop osition for Portland demands attention. If we are disposed to limit the prestige and industrial efficiency of the city, we may accomplish It by halting to Incur debt for a drydock. However, the ob ligation need not be a debt, but a means of progress. If there is not enough business here for a drydock, we can make business with a drydock. Citi zens are presumed to have confidence in the future of this port. But they must not merely have It. They must show it. We print today a statement drawn up to show that the County of Multnomah is expending too much money. The statement makes the showing a clear one. The county Is in fact expending too much money, and much can be saved. In particular, look at the road fund. The levy for roads was 2 mills, yet the county by the warrant system expended nearly twice as much as the proceeds of the 2-mill levy. There fcught also to be a great saving In the collection of taxes. Public attention Is particularly requested to the sugges tions and estimates of the Taxpayers' League. Still the Hanna statesmen are trying to push the ship subsidy bill. Who will profit by it, if it becomes a law? Men already rich. Only rich men have ship yards. Only men already rich expect to build ships and sail them and get the subsidy. From whom will the taxes to support the subsidy be drawn? From the whole people. Are not the men of great riches rich enough al ready?' Why should Government tax the country to make them richer? Demand comes again for an appropri ation for Soda Springs, Linn County. The argument is that these springs should be developed as a health resort. Mightn't it be well to leave this and a few other things to private initiative and endeavor? Besides, isn't the gen eral health good enough? And who will say that one of the needs of the country is not a Judicious encourage ment of the funeral Industry, among other things? If the Multnomah delegation has any sincerity In its protestations for reform, let It repeal the Iniquitous Bancroft act, which has Berved for sijc years as an instrument of shameless spoliation of the city treasury by unscrupulous raid ers. There is no defense to this act, ex cept that it represents the desires of certain persons for things they have no right to have that is, to have their property improved at public expense. Folly is apt to be Infectious. The type with which Mrs. Nation is afflict ed is no exception to the rule. It was hoped that it might not become epi demic, as well, but the good ground for such seed as she has sown broad cast Is always at hand, and It may be regarded as certain that some of it will take root and flourish for a time. It is a short-lived plant. For that' let us be duly grateful. Pope Leo was profoundly affected by the death of Queen Victoria. Accord ing to his private secretary, he con siders this event a solemn notice to pre pare for tyis own end. It would not seem that so aged and feeble a man as His Holiness would need any warning to prepare for an event so inevitable and in the simple course of nature so near. A Massachusetts debating society has solemnly decided that Governor Roose velt's late achievements in Colorado come "Under the head of cruelty to ani mals. Up to latest advices the Vice-President-elect had not picked up his guns and camp equipage and boarded the train for home possibly because this decision had not yet reached him. It is said the saloon fixtures which Mrs. Nation is smashing are Insured. She should next demolish the insur ance companies. China sent condolences for the death of Victoria. They were slow, perhaps because they could ill be spared. The Legislature at Salem finds it harder not to do the things it shouldn't than to do the things it should. The Boers have shot another peace commissioner. By and by the species may become extinct. THE NEW KING AND HIS KINDRED New TorkT)ribune. The new sovereign of the United King dom has elected to be known as Edward, a name borne, as he says, by six of his ancestors, and he was accordingly pro claimed yesterday as King Edward "VTL In speaking of the six Edwards as his "ancestors," he of course, used that word In its original sense of predecessors, and not as synonymous with forefathers, for, as a matter of fact, he Is descended from only four of the numbered Edwards, the fifth and sixth Kings of that name having left no Issue. Of the two Edwards before the conquest, who are not numbered, he Is descended from one. It was said of Victoria that she was at the very outset of her reign strongly commended to her people by the fact that she was the first really English sovereign they had had for many years. We Bhall, Indeed, find few sovereigns more truly identified with their countries by long descent than she was and her son is. The King's English an cestry is actually older than the name of England itself, dating away back to the time when the Saxon part of the Island was still known as Saxony, a fact which gives a peculiar fitness to his choice of the fine old Saxon name of Edward. We may perhaps best begin the King's genealogy with the early Saxon family of Cerdlc, a member of which, Ealhmund, bore rule In Kent in the eighth century. His son, Egbert, In the last year of that century, became King of the West Sax ons, and in the year 823 became the first "King of England." Egbert's son was Ethel wolf, and his son in turn was that great Alfred, the millennial anniversary of whose death is to be commemmorated next October. From Alfer the line of de scent run through Edward the Elder, Ed mund I, Edgar, Ethelred the Unready and Edmund Ironside. Then It passes away from the reigning line Into the col lateral line of Edward Atheling. who did not reign; St. Margaret, the patron saint of Scotland, and wife of that King Mal colm III of Scotland, whose father, Dun can, was murdered by Macbeth, and who himself avenged that crime in the over throw of the usurper at Dunsinane; Ma tilda, wife of Henry I of England, and Geoffrey Plantagenet. It becomes the reigning line again in Henry II, and thence proceds through King John, Henry III, and the three Edwards, I, II and III. Then It becomes a dual line. One branch run through John of Gaunt, "time-honored Lancaster"; John, Marquis of Dorset; John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; and Margaret, Countess of Richmond, to Henry VII. The other runs through Prince Edmund, son of Edward III; Rich ard. Duke of 'York; a second Richard, Duke of York, and King Edward IV to Elizabeth, wife of Henry VII. Thus. In the first Tudor reign the two are united into a single line. Thence it proceeds through Margaret, -lfe of James IV of Scotland; James V of Scotlana, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots; James I of Eng land, Elizabeth, wife of King Frederick of Bohemia; Sophia, wife of Ernest Au gustus, Elector of Hanover; George I and George II of England, Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales; George III. of England, Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent, and Vic toria, Queen and Empress Edward VII is thus in the 35th genera tion from Egbert, the first King of Eng land, thought he Is the 5Sth sovereign In the line. It will be observed that many famous sovereigns are not among his pro genlators, amongt these being Edward the Confessor, all the Normans, Richard the Lion Hearted, Henry VIII, the two Charleses, and William and Mary. The line includes members of the Houses of Plantagenet, York, Tudor, Stuart and Hanover and non-relgnlng Lancastrians. In the Wars of the Roses it was divided between the two sides. It has been said that the name of Edward will not be pleasing to Scotland. But It Is exceeding ly doubtful- that the Scots of today cher ish any animosity on account of what oc curred six centuries ago, especially to ward a King who Is descended from their patron saint, Queen Margaret; from Mary Queen of Scots, and from other purely Scottish sovorelgns. The King's geneal ogy Includes descent from the then reign ing houses of Scotland, France, Bohemia, Aqultalne, Angouleme, Provence. Hain ault, Castile, Denmark, Hanover. Bran denburg, Ansparch Saxe-Coburg-Gotha v and Mecklenburg-Strelltz. The non-royal English families of Neville and Woodvllle are also included. To such descent the King adds matrimonial alliances of the most Important and distinguished charac ter, through which he Is son-in-law of the King of Denmark, brother-in-law of the King of Greece and uncle of the Emperor of Russia. If to this we add that he Is an uncle of the German Emperor, It is apparent that In his kin, past and pres ent, Edward VII enjoys a Btatus second to that of no other sovereign In the world. BOWED TO PliEDE" SCHOEFFEL. Rochester Cadet Who Whipped Everything nt West Point. New York. Captain Frank Schoefffel. of the Ninth Infantry, has the distinguished record of being the plebe who whipped "everything In sight," who fought five men "to a finish" In one day and "knocked out" his most accomplished ad versary after 28 rounds, and as the only student at West Point who never was hazed. In the Army he has gone right ahead whipping Spaniards, Filipinos and Chinese Boxers Impartially, whenever op portunity offered. Captain Schoeffel 13 6 feet V inches in height, Is aggressively redheaded, and comes of fighting stock, being the son of Colonel Francis A. Schoeftel, of Roches ter, N. Y. When Frank decided to try for a West Point cadetshlp, in 1887, he al ready, had his growth. He had heard something of West Point's physical stand ards, as well as Its Intellectual require ments, so he went into systematic train ing. He ran many miles dally along the canal path, he swung Indian clubs and dumbells, he punched the bag, skipped the rope and took boxing lessons from the best Instructor in Rochester. When he entered West Point he was promptly "called out." History mercifully conceals the names of tho 30 men whom Schoeffel met suc cessively before he had established his right to Immunity from persecution. He left marks on most of tnem, "knocked them out' in from one to 28" rounds, and during the engagements of the year he supplied material for at least one ward in thu hospital with great regularity. One particularly obnoxious upper classman, with the reputation of a bully, angered Schoeffel, who told him plainly he was not fit for the company of gentlemen. Of course the bully had to fight, which pleased Schoeffel greatly. With neatness and precision the Rochester youth deco rated first one eye and then the other. Then he spoiled two front teeth. Finally the bully was carried to the hospital. Before Schoeffel had compelled recogni tion as the undisputed fistic champion of the academy, his friends of the upper class subjected him to the trying ordeal of meeting five picked bruisers success ively In a single day. This test was ex pected to humble his pride, but Frank sent one after another down and out and then asked if anybody else had aspira tions. After this his supremacy was very generally conceded, and he had some available time for study. So deep an impression did Frank Schoef fel's prowess leave upon his comrades that when a few years later his brother Bernard came along as a plebe and the cadets observed that the stripling was built on the same lines as the redoubtable Frank, and learned that he had enjoyed sirallnr athletic privileges, he was ac cepted on his apparent merits and did no have to fight his way to fame. The older brother had established the family's status in a class by itself and it has al- I wars stood unchallenced. GOLD AND PAPER IN CIRCULATION New York Journal of Commerce. It is the great advantage of & paper cur rency that it enables a community to do itB business with a smaller amount of its wealth confined to the form of coins. So far as these coins perform the function of counters they can be replaced with great economy by paper. But this la not tho only function they perform, nor the most Important one, which is to settle a bar gain by the. exchange of one sort of prop erty for another. For this purpose noth ing will take their place, and a commu nity may have an insufficient supply of coins for the performance of a function quite beyond the power of paper money. With a recent large addition to our sup plies of paper money, and indications pointing toward considerable exports of gold, the question has been raised whether there has been an Inflation of the cur rency. For if the volume of currency la too large, a part of It will show a tendency to go abroad, and the only part that can go abroad is the gold. The volume of gold in tho country is now so large, the maintenance of the unit of valuo is so well secured, and the balance to our credit in Europe is so great that a good deal of gold may be sent abroad, not only with out Inconvenience, but without attracting much attention. But that the outward movement of gold Is facilitated by a large addition to our stock of paper money ts quite possible, and if there Is any connec tion between the two the process will bear watching. There Is nothing In the volume of paper, compared with the volume of busi ness, or In the apparent gold movement, to indicate that the volume of currency Is redundant; It certainly waB not during the season when the demand for currency Is keenest. But the fact that paper is be ing added to the circulation may make It possible to withdraw gold for export without causing inconvenience, and while this Is an advantage to the extent that it enables us to supply the needs of Europe without creating a stringency at home, It might be carried to the extent of reducing too far the stock of gold which must al ways be large to sustain the great volume of our credit currencies. The process occurred between 1890 and 1893. The Sherman law did not drive gold out of the countryi but It added paper to our circulation at a time when Europe had unusual needs for money, as It again has, and as gold could be shipped without tightening the money market It was shipped until the country lost a good deal more than it could spare in view of the very great volume of paper money. Between July 1, 1890, and July 1, 1893, the currency was Increased by Silver dollars (or certificates).... $15S,217,472 Subsidiary silver 689,818 Treasury notes 147,190,227 Total $305,997,517 But there was a reduction of $97,865,344 of gold and $7,256,963 of National bank notes, making; the not addition to the cur rency just over two hundred millions. The loss of treasury gold exceeded $132,000,000, and the net exports of gold amounted to $156,132,423, about nine millions more than the treasury notes added. Without this addition of paper It Is probable that the export of gold would have been checked by rising rates at home, which would have been Inconvenient, but much less so than tho results of the discovery that the treasury gold had been heavily depleted. During the calendar year 1900 the stock of money was Increased by Gold $92,531,972 National banknotes 93,863,952 Silver dollars 2S.4S9.167 Subsidiary silver 7,925,752. Total $222,810,843 But there was at reduction of $26,923,280 in treasury notes, making tho net Increase $195,837,563. The demand for money has been so much greater In Europe than here that in spite of an enormous balance In our favor the net Import of gold for the year was $12,603,402, to which is to bo added the gold produced In our own mines. If the additional volume of bank notes has permitted us to relieve the ne cessities of Europe without contracting our own money supply both continents have participated in the benefits. But with the very large paper circulation which we have, the maintenance of a large volume of gold is an essential pre caution. Our bank currency ought to be in larger volume than It is, and it would be under proper legislation; but such legislation would provide for the ultimate retirement of the Government notes, and with that would come the obligation of the banks to redeem their own notes In gold. Under such conditions the banks might be trust ed to keop enough gold on hand. OBVIOUSLY A FAKE. That Story Reported From the "Fili pino Capital." Chicago Inter Ocean. The latest effort of the Filipino Junta to influence American sentiment is as false as any that preceded it. The story is that an American who had been a high salaried employe of a Hong Kong house penetrated to the Filipino capital car rying letters from Carlo Rublno, a native merchant of Manila, to Agulnaldo; that the latter declared he would never ac cept amnesty, because he could not trust the Americans, and because Dewey and Otis had deceived him In that they prom ised the Filipinos independence and then repudiated their "promises; that he would not advise his people to accept amnesty because for him personally it meant im prisonment and for the people serfdom. The alleged Interview has all the ear marks of a document manufactured out of whole cloth by a man of the Petti grew type. There Is no Filipino capital. There is no Filipino Government No pretense is made by the rebels in the field of governing any city or province. If Agulnaldo Is living he is in hiding without an army, deserted by "Gener als" and "Cabinet," and with no author ity to speak for any Filipino except him self. He Is neither President, nor Gen era, nor leader, and yet he Is repre sented as posing before the world as the accuser of Admiral Dewey, General Otis and President McKlnley. The man who wrote the Interview as sures us that he was astonished at Agui naldo's knowledge of the history of the United States, and in the next para graph tells us that Agulnaldo declared that our original system was admirable, but not as administered now, and that amnesty promised by the United States Government "means slavery and obedi ence to the will of McKlnley." This sounds suspiciously like the cop perhead speeches In the last campaign, and shows almost as thorough knowl edge of American history and as just a conception of the American system of government as that displayed by certain gentlemen in Congress who have criti cised President McKlnley for not "act ing up to the measure of Washington and Lincoln" and issuing a proclama tion declaring the Philippine Islands in dependent. Everything that has come from the Aguinaldoltes in this country or from those in Hong Kong and Luzon has been bombastic, puerile, and artificial. Amer icans have been given the choice bo tween accepting these transparent fab rications and believing the official state ments of Americans like Admiral Dewey, General Otis, Professor Schurman and Judge Taft. On one side are the avowed enemies of tha country pretending to teach Amer icans lessons, of patriotism and duty. On the other are men long honored by the Nation. NOTE AND COMMENT. ,, Perhaps, after all, Mrs. Nation is merely in the employ of tho glass trust. The Oklahoma Indians are about as dangerous as tho cigar-store variety. Hasn't it occurred to Alfred Austin to apply for the position of King's Jester? Tho Wichita saloon-keepers cannot do buslnoss without the consent of any Nation on earth. Kruger is probably holding off his death till Queen Victoria gives him a chance to get Into the newspapers. It Is to be hoped that the New York, vigilance committee will not mete out Jus tice on the Kansas plan. It Is not likely that the Commoner has to get out six extras a day to satisfy tho demand for the news it contains. Fortune knocks only onco at a man's door, but the grip knocks with the fre quency of a sewing machino agent. An East Side man who has a dachshund says that in the dog line he wants but little here below, but wants that little, long. Croker has paid his Income tax in Eng land. He has probably discovered that there are some public officers whom ho doesn't own. A Now York man locked his wife up In a closet because she was pretty. If this custom becomes general it will be im possible to find a married woman on the streets of Portland. Professor Barrett Wendell, the literary snob of Harvard University, was so over come by the news of Queen Victoria's death that he asked his class to break the custom of the university undergradu ates of applauding tho lecturer at the close of the half year, and to pass out In silence as a token of respect to tho "greatest human spirit" that had Just passed out of this world. The Wisconsin Legislature Is consider ing a bill making interesting changes in the marriage laws of that state. It pro vides that the Probate Court of each county shall appoint three physicians, whose duty it shall be to pass upon all applications for marriage licenses; and that no license shall be given unless the ap plicants receive from the examining board a certificate showing that they are free from alments that may be deemed a bar to marriage, Including Insanity, drunken ness and constitutional diseases. Down In the land of Pops and corn. On a cool and frosty Winter morn. Did Mrs. Nation the loud "ha. ha" Give the saloons in Wichita. Roundabout her rabMes surged. Yet always scathless she emerged; Bravest of all in that bravo town. She tore all the bars and fixtures down, And ever the mob set up a yell Another bevel-plate mirror fell. Up the street came a heavy tread. Bold Mrs. Schilling & vast crowd led; Under her bonnet left and right She glanced, the wrecked bars met-Tier sight. "Haiti" and her followers stood fast; ' "Lookt" and their ley eyes they cast T At Mrs. Nation, who, ax In hand, Was smashing bottles to beat the band. She paused a moment, and looked around, And at the moD sne siermy wownea. "Who dares to Interfere with me ' Well. Just attempt It once," said she. A deadly pallor, a sudden chill. The leader's breast began to fill. "Who touches a hair of yonder head Is taking a large-sUed chance," she Bald. All day long, in Wichita, Sounded brave Carrie's "ha ha ha,' All day long barkeepers' wives Wisely refused to risk their lives. And staj ed their shrewdly planned attacks, At the sight of Mrs. Nation's ax. Mrs. Nation's work goes on. And will, till all the bars .are gone. And ever her ax ascends and falls ' po crumbling down tho barroom walls. When she has got them all torn down She'll Journey to some other town. And when she comes along the pike The prudent liquor men will hike. When Carrie's earthly work Is done. And o'er her smiles the Kansas sun. Let this inscription, in letters bright, ' Glint in the mellow morning light: "She wasn't a handsome or cultured dame. But there's no denying that she was game.'' SYSTEM UNDEMOCRATIC. As It Works Out It Doea Not Accord With. Our Theory. Chicago Times-Herald. William McKlnley and Theodore Roose velt have been elected President and Vice-President, respectively, of the United States. The returns from state capitals show that 28 states cast 293 votes for Mc Klnley and Roosuvelt, while 17 states cast 155 votes for Bryan and Stevenson. When McKlnley voted the Republican ticket at Canton, O., last November, many persons, no doubt, thought he voted for himself. But, of course, he did not; he voted for the 23 Republican Electors of Ohio. Tho incident is merely recalled at this time as an occasion for reminding the people of the absurdity of perpetuating this undemocratic method of electing a President and Vice-President in a Repub lic where the people rule. The framers of the Constitution, while laying founda tions tn-r n trreat democracy, were dis posed to regard popular government as an experiment to be entered upon under Constitutional safeguards and limitations. They believed It unwise to intrust the election of Chief Magistrates and United States Senators to a direct vote of the people. They therefore instituted the Electoral College, composed of representa tives chosen by the people, to whom is delegated the power to iect a President and a Vice-President That the electoral system Is not in ac cord with the democratic theory of our Government is now readily recognized by all discerning persons. A recognition of this fact is not Incompatible with a proper veneration for our institutions. More over, we have seen that it is fraught with the dangers and dlssatlsfaotion that coma from injustice. If we elected Presidents as we elect Governors, McKlnley would have been eleuted President over Bryan In the last contest by a pluralty of 833,280 votes. But the verdict of the Electoral College has not always represented the popular will. In 1876 Tilden's popular plurality over Hayes was 260.935, while In 1888 Cleve land had a plurality ot SS.017 over Harri son in tho popular vote. Cleveland, in fact, received a plurality of the popular vote in three successive National con tests. Neither partisan prejudice nor reverence for the Constitution can obscure the fact that the electoral system Is not in conson ance with our democratic theory of gov eminent.