THE MORNING OBEGtONIAN, TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1901.
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TODAY'S WEATHER. Cloudy and threaten
ing, with light rain; winds shifting so south
erly. PORTLAND, TUESDAY, JANUARY 22.
The greatest danger confronting the
Multnomah delegation appears to be
that they may And themselves unable
to agree on the most important points
In their proposed new charter. This
"would not be an unmixed evil, badly as
the city needs relief; for If a commis
sion is to be selected to make a char
ter for adoption In 1903, radical changes
now, to be overturned by other radical
changes in the commission's charter,
would be of doubtful value, to say the
least. The members of the delegation
seem to agree upon the necessity of
making numerous and extensive
changes In the charter, but what points
should be changed or what new meth
ods substituted they have no uniform
Idea. If we grant that the charter bill
is to contain no ulterior schemes, it is
nevertheless true that the delay in its
consideration augurs 111 for its passage
cr for popular approval. By this time
it should have been printed. As It is
not, and as public scrutiny must be
counted upon, it would be wise for the
joint delegation to hold open sessions
at which citizens generally may be
present to make representations. This
has been done before, and wisely. The
points agreed upon so far are not very
premising. There is no particular re
form in having the Mayor sorve with
out salary. We may get men who are
above the need of the money, but on the
other hand we may get those who will
have to use the office for profit In ob
jectionable ways. The Oregonian would
like to have the names and assess
ments of heavy taxpayers who, Mr.
Heltkemper says, favor the unjust
scheme of saddling streets once im
proved upon the city treasury.
Under the British system of succes
sion male heirs in the same degree of
relation to the sovereign exclude fe
males without any regard to priority
of birth. "When King George IV, his
brother. King William IV, and his older
brother, the Duke of York, died with
out issue, the next In line of succession
to the throne was their younger broth
er, Edward, fourth son of George IV,
and who bore the title of the Duke of
Kent. The Duke of Kent died before
his elder brother, and left a daugh
ter, whose rights to the throne under
the British system of succession were
superior to those of either of her
father's younger brothers, the Dukes
of Cumberland and of Sussex. Had
Queen Victoria by any chance had a
younger brother, the latter. Instead of
herself, would have succeeded to the
throne of England. Under the British
system, if the sovereign leaves one
daughter and a son who is her junior,
It is the son who succeeds in preference
to his elder sister, but if the sovereign
leaves no son, but only a daughter and
a brother and nephew, it Is the daugh
ter and the latter's issue who succeed,
as being in closer relationship to the
throne. Had the succession of the Brit
ish crown been ordered In accordance
with the law of primogeniture, the
widowed Empress Frederick would be
the next heir to the British crown,
while Emperor William would in due
time have succeeded to her rights and
worn the double crown of England and
Germany, but under the British cognate
system Emperor William's rights to the
throne of Queen Victoria are subordi
nated to those of the Prince of Wales,
of the latter's children and grandchil
dren of both sexes, to those of the
daughters of the Duke of Edinburgh
and their children, to those of the Duke
cf Connaught, his children and their
Issue, male ami female, and to the
5 oung Duke of Albany, his sister, and
any children either might have. It is
clear that, while Emperor William is In
the line of succession to the British
crown, he is too remote a possibility to
be considered seriously in this charac
ter. Another outbreak against high tariffs
comes from the very citadel of protec
tion. The Philadelphia North Ameri
can has a cartoon representing a num
ber of "dealers" fleeing to the National
Capital pursued by a terrible wild boar
labeled "Glass Trust," behind whioh
is a skull marked "Competition" and a
pair of bones inscribed "Commercial
Liberty." Under this startling picture
Is an announcement that the cry of
tariff reform has been raised. "This is
not the useless complaint of a beaten
party," it says, "It comes from Penn
sylvania, the very center of protection,
and from Republican manufacturers
whose political and commercial religion
has been based on the doctrine of high
tariff schedules." The demand Is for a
revision of the Dlngley tariff by men
who, the North American says, "have
been Bepublican protectionists since
first they entered the world of trade,.
They are protectionists still. . . .
But they find one feature of the Ding
ley tariff not protection, but oppression,
not a shield against cheap foreign com
petition, but a weapon aimed at their
own destruction. A prohibitive tariff
has placed it in the hands of a combi
nation of capital, and this trust for so
these Bepublican manufacturers desig
nate It is using it as a threat, not only
to extort tribute In money, but to com
pel abject servility in the general con
duct of business." The North Ameri
can says the culminating acts of tyr
anny In a sustained policy of oppression
occurred before the election. The vic
tims kept still till after the election
lest their revolt should help the Demo
crats. "Now when their tfarty Is in
control their protest is sure to be heard,
and they can prevent too radical
changes, or the entire destruction of the
protection they now enjoy." What the
Philadelphlans want is a reduction or
withdrawal of duties on glass, so as to
break the power of the glass trust.
It Is quite obvious that If the Govern
ment is to undertake irrigation work on
any large scale, the first beginnings
must be small and experimental. It is
likely to be done in Arizona and Mon
tana. Operations which have been
planned, but which have not yet been
presented to Congress for approval, In
clude the damming of the Gila River
near San Carlos, Ariz., and the divert
ing of the waters of the St. Mary River
In Montana from their natural course
towards Hudson's Bay into the tribu
taries of the Missouri. It Is estimated
that these two projects will cost $3,000,
000. The Gila River already supplies
water for irrigation along the upper
course, but there is not nearly enough
of It to satisfy the demands. Along the
lower river the inhabitants are in
greatly reduced circumstances owing
to the scarcity of water. It is proposed
to store the surplus of the Winter and
Spring in a huge reservoir which can
supply the irrigation ditches in the dry
season. About 250,000 acres of land
would be benefited by the storage. The
St. Mary River, in Montana, is fed
from the snows and glaciers of the
Rocky Mountains. It flows Into two
storage basins known as the Upper and
Lower St. Mary Lakes. A short dis
tance from the lower lake the plan is
to cut a canal to a tributary of the
Milk River, through which the waters
of the St, Mary would find their way
into the Missouri. It is believed that
such a procedure would reclaim several
hundred thousand acres of arid lands,
which are fertile but cannot be settled
now on account of tne lack of water.
If either of these plans should be car
ried out successfully by Congress, an
Impetus would be given to the great
general undertaking of turning 100,000,
000 acres of grazing country in the
United States into profitable farming
land. It is significant of the changing
nature of public sentiment on this
problem that the Kansas City Star, a
firm opponent of paternalism in any
form, now says: "Irrigation on a large
scale Involves too many difficulties over
water rights and other similar obsta
cles to be undertaken successfully by
private persons. Its accomplishment
would appear to rest appropriately with
the Government,"
A GREAT REIGX.
Queen Victoria occupied the throne of
Great Britain nearly 64 years, a period
that stands for the longest and most
beneficent period In English history in
the sense that it has not only greatly
enlarged the limits of English terri
torial authority, but In the higher and
nobler sense that it stands for greatly
enlarged civil liberty and religious tol
eration, for the advancement of science
and art, the wide diffusion of popular
education, the abatement of unjust
laws, the purification of corrupt politics,
the amelioration of poverty, Increased
longevity due to sanitary reform, In
creased popular happiness and social
comfort due to better wages and more
just and humane relations between em
ployer and employed; far and beyond
all other reigns it has been the age of
scientific advancement and social re
form. The literature of the sixty years
of the reign of George III, including
as it did Hume, Burke, Gibbon, Burns,
Byron, Scott, Keats, Shelley, Coleridge
and Lamb, was of more original qual
ity than that of the Victorian age, but
If we concede the first place in literary
excellence and originality to the age of
Elizabeth and concede the second place
to the age of George III, we are safe
to claim for the reign of Victoria the
third place in the quality and splendor
of Its literature. It is true that the
poets of the Victorian age are not the
peers of Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth
and Keats, on whose milk they all were
weaned; It is true that no political
thinker of the" Victorian age has ap
proached Burke In Intellectual power,
philosophic insight and splendid imag
ination. It is true that no orator 'of the
Victorian age has been the peer of Fox
or even Canning; nevertheless, Victoria's
long reign, which included In its liter
ary annals such men as Tennyson In
poetry; Thackeray, Dickens, George
Eliot and George Meredith in fiction;
Macauiay, Grote. Green, Lecky, Froude,
Freeman, Kinglake and Carlyle in his
tory, will always be a period of most
memorable literary production in the
history of the British people.
In the matter of the production of a
very large quantity of excellent fiction,
the Victorian period attests the sur
vival of the dramatic aptitude that was
the glory of the period of Elizabeth."
After Fielding In the middle of the last
century, the field of fine Action is bar
ren up to the Victorian period, with ex
ception of Jane Austen and Walter
Scott. It is perhaps true that no Vic
torian writer of fiction has equaled
Scott, but in its cultivation of prose
romance the literary workers of Vic
toria's reign have vastly swelled the
volume of sound and enduring English
Action. In the "domain of philosophy,
sociology, literary and art criticism and
pure science, the Victorian age has
given birth to Ruskin, Arnold, New
man, Martineau, Bagehot, Darwin,
Stuart Mill, Spencer, Huxley, Tyndall.
The peculiar glory of the Victorian age
is not, however, its splendid and versa
tile literary fertility; that will always be
secondary and almost Incidental to its
renown as the great reform period in
English science, society and politics. It
is true that the reaction against the
Tors' policy of George HL viciously per
petuated by his son when Prince Re
gent and King, had already set In
before the accession of Victoria in 1837,
so that her first Ministers were men of
liberal instincts, like Lord Melbourne
and Sir Robert Peel. The year of her
accession saw the extinction of human
slavery in the West Indies; then fol
lowed the grant of home rule to rebel
lious Canada; the repeal of the corn
laws, the prohibition of female or child
labor in the mines, the obliteration "of
the civic disabilities of the Jews, the
disestablishment of the Irish Church,
the reform of the conditions of peasant
land tenure in Ireland, the enlargement
of the rights of labor, and the lifting
of the right of divorce -above the limi
tation of adultery.
The strides of English science have
been long and of far-reaching conse
quence. The work of Lyell, Owen,
Faraday, Huxley, Darwin, Spencer, has
enlarged the domain of scientific
thought beyond all English achieve
ment since Newton, and the applica
tion of steam to railway transportation
by Stephenson is the greatest work
since Watt Invented the steam engine.
During all this time Great Britain, with
the exception of the Crimean War of
1854-56, has been at peace with Europe
but she has enormously Increased her
territorial occupation of India, East
and South Africa, while she is the real
ruler of Egypt from Cairo to Khar
toum. There has been no halt during
all this sixty years; the pace has some
times been slow, but there has never
been a backward step taken. Reform,
political and social, has been the policy
of Great Britain during the whole of
Victoria's reign, no matter whether a
Liberal or a Conservative Ministry was
In power. Industrlal'evolutlon with the
new subjection of nature's forces to the
wants of mankind stands for the prime
product of the great reign that has just
ended. From youth to old age Queen
Victoria has always behaved with dig
nity, humanity and patriotism; she
kept her promise made at her corona
tion to govern England through her
Ministers, and to the last hour of her
existence maintained her hold on the
affection and respect of a people who
have lbng ago ceased to entertain any
obsolete, superstitious reverence for roy
alty. It takes a strong character In a
long life to endure prosperity, and Vic
toria, measured by her moral dignity,
her discretion, her humanity, her per
sonal reserve under very trying circum
stances; is worthy of a very honorable
place In history. She has not con
trolled events, for that Is Impossible
for a sovereign under the English form
of government; but she has done her
duty with dignity and decency from
girlhood to old age, and was altogether
deserving of the enthusiastic love and
affection with which she has been re
garded always by the great nation she
ruled so long.
"THE AMERICAN DANGER."
On the 1st of each December of the
decennial year and the Intermediate
fifth year a census of the population is
taken In Germany. A striking present
ment made In the enumeration just
completed Is that of the marked In
crease of population In the manufactur
ing cities of the empire in the last five
years. While Berlin and Hamburg
show an increase of but 12 per cent,
Nuremburg's population increased 60,
Poseh GS.6, and Mannheim 43.6 per cent.
The manufactures of these cities dif
fer greatly In kind, from that of Cre
feld, another manufacturing city of
over 100,000 people, and which shows a
significant decrease in population In
five years. This Is attributable to the
fact that It is a city of textile indus
tries silks, velvets, woolen and cotton
goods which were formerly exported
to the United States, but which of late
years are practically shut out by sim
ilar goods that are now produced at
home for the supply of the American
market.
Facts of this kind form the basis for
grave discussion in German newspa
pers of the "American Danger to Euro
pean Industries." To avert this danger
It Is generally conceded that Germany
and indeed Europe must "fight Amer
icanism with its own methods." That
is to say, Improved and progressive
methods in every department of indus
try must be adopted, and more and
more effective machinery must be used,
In order that American goods may not
be preferred on account of their su
periority to the European product In
the words of the Hamburger Freden
blatt of December 8, as cited by Consul
General Mason, of Berlin:
Manufacturers, as well as merchants, must
go to America, send thither, their assistants
and worklngmen, not merely to superficially
obsene the methods there employed, but to
study them thoroughly, to adopt them, and
wherever possible to Impro e upon them, -Just
as the Americans have done and are still doing
In Europe.
Excellence and enterprise are the es
sentials of modern trade. To ignore
this fact and depend upon restrictive
or retaliatlve legislation for industrial
success is both useless and stupid. The
"best" will make Its way everywhere
eventually even to the ends cf the
earth. A recognition of this fact and
conformity thereto in European manu
facturing methods will serve at least
to minimize the "American Danger"
with which the Industrial prosperity of
old manufacturing cities of Europe Is
threatened.
VICTORIA, "THE STRONG."
A recital of the leading Incidents In
the life of Queen Victoria proves that
this exceptionally fortunate and fa
vored woman was not in any degree ex
empt from the sorrows and disappoint
ments that are the common lot. She
was neither by nature nor education a
woman of yielding disposition. Hence,
resignation to the ordinary sorrows of
a long life was not easy for her. In
deed, it is not too much to say that,
though widowed nearly forty years ago,
while yet in the prime of her life, she
never became reconciled to the grim
fact of her widowhood, but grieved
to the last at the loss of the husband
of her youth, while the death of her
mother, the aged Duchess of Kent, a
few months before that of the Prince
Consort, though in simple accordance
with the laws of nature, was to her
a lifelong sorrow. The persistence with
which she mourned the death of hus
band and mother through more than
half her life may be taken as an index
to the bitter struggle against the in
evitable, which followed the successive
deaths of three of her children, whom
in the course of nature she. had reason
to expect would survive her. The same
is true in regard to the death of the
oldest son of the Prince of Wales and
other grand-children, upon whom high
hopes in regard to position and useful
ness were centered.
In rehabilitating the House of Han
over, which, when Victoria became Its
head, was honeycombed with decay and
seemingly tottering to its fall, she was
not able to correct wholly in her chil
dren the taint of generations, hence few
if any of them promise to be as long
lived as herself. Her oldest daughter.
born while the Queen was yet in the
first flush of her youth, Is slowly dying
of an incurable disease, while the
Prince of Wales, but a year younger,
is an old man and In many "ways in
firm at 60. Her youngest son, Leopold,
Duke of Albany, died .in his early man
hood of constitutional epilepsy, and her
second son, Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Co-burg-Gotha,
died a few months ago of
apoplexy. Her favorite daughter, Alice,
Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt,
lacked the vitality of her mother to en
dure the physical strain imposed by ex
cessive maternity and family sorrows,
and in a weakened condition Incident to
these fell an easy prey to disease, while
yet a young woman. Throughout all of
these bereavements the Queen has
borne herself with the dignity of un-
reconciled grief, and by careful living
has maintained excellent health. It Is
remarkable that she had never in all
the long course of her life been ill until
her last seizure. The determination
with which she fought off the encroach
ments -of a mortal weakness, resolved
to withdraw into seclusion and let no
one know of her condition, is character
istic of a nature that knew not how to
yield. "Victoria the Good," the gra
cious Queen of Great Britain has long
been called by her devoted subjects.
"Victoria the Strong" she might as fitly
have been called, with a subtle mean
ing that was only half represented by
a superb physical strength that car
ried her through more than four-score
years without Illness, the rest signify
ing strength of purpose, and a tenacity
of will arid of affection seldom equaled
and never surpassed by any member of
her sex whose life has entered Into the
chronicles of history. The elements of
longevity enter into such a nature, and
when individuals possessing it direct
their course in accordance with the
inflexible principles of an upright life,
whether in high or humble station, the
footprints that they leave upon the
sands of time will be discernible, ac
cording to the vantage-ground fur
nished by position, throughout coming
generations.
The fact that Canada has more to
lose than gain by separation from
Great Britain seems to be parallel In
the case of Australia, for Intelligent
comment seems to agree that the newly
federated colonies could be independent
tomorrow If they chose. The Austral
ian commonwealth begins Its career
with a little less than 4,000,000 Inhabi
tants, but it Is already by far the most
valuable of all the self-governing de
pendencies of Great Britain. Canada
has a somewhat larger population
and area, but Australia has more than
double the foreign trade of Canada, and
the possibilities of growth in Australia
are beyond anything for which Canada
can hope. Though the whole settlement
of Australia Is a work of only seventy
years, its inhabitants are, man for man,
the wealthiest of any nation in the
world. Last year the total value of the
products of the colonies now forming
the Australian commonwealth was
$550,000,000, divided quite evenly among
the three chief Industries of cattle and
sheepraislng, farming and mining. This
represents a sum of $137 for every man,
woman and child In the country. In
addition to this commercial strength,
the Australians have reached a high
degree of political development. While
they are trying many new experiments
in the minor departments of govern
ment, their fundamental ideas are the
same as our own and their institutions
are Anglo-Saxon to the core. They are
the freest of all the British colonies.
Their federation Is avowedly modeled
on the plan of the United States, and
our own Republic has contributed al
most as much to its governmental
form3 as Great Britain herself. Yet
Bryan says all governments outside a
republic are founded on brute force.
Australia's continuance under British
sovereignty is a standing answer to his
superficial generalization.
Mexican dispatches give entirely In
sufficient explanations of the scarcity
of silver coin from which the country is
suffering seriously at present. It Is
said that there has been a great de
mand for Mexican dollars from India
and China, and an Increased export of
bullion also. But there is a very keen
domestic demand, too, if some banks,
as it is reported, are paying 1 per cent
a month for silver deposits. A country
is not denuded of its currency because
there is a good demand for specie
abroad. Where here Is such a serious
outward movement of metallic money
it Is being displaced by paper issues or
else there is something in the state of
business of the foreign trade of the
country to explain the export move
ment. A vague suggestion of such a
situation Is given In a dispatch just
published regarding the great pressure
for coin; It is said that many banks
have not enough coin to meet their ob
ligations, and it is feared that the sus
pension of one bank would precipitate
a panic. The fall of silver offered a
jsreat opportunity for speculation;
wages rose slowly, and during the
transition process there were abnormal
profits upon capital employed In bank
ing and manufacturing. The New York
Journal of Commerce thinks that we
shall probably find when the whole
story Is told that Mexico is on the edge
of the reaction that follows an era of
speculative profits and the assumption
of enormous obligations. The count ry
may get through the crisis without dis
aster. Germany, since 1874, has had a law
making vaccination obligatory in the
first year of life, and revaccination in
the tenth year. The law is the result of
the epidemic of 1871, when there were
143,000 deaths among a population in
which vaccination had been allowed to
die out. Prior to 1874 the yearly loss
in Germany from smallpox was from
15,000 to 20,000; it is now less than 116.
During the Franco-German War small
pox was epidemic. Germany had made
vaccination compulsory for the army,
while with the French it was optional,
and this was the result: In the French
Army 23,000 died, in the German Army
278. Occupying the same hospital tents,
many of the French wounded died of
smallpox; of the Germans, none.
French prisoners died by the hundreds,
and their vaccinated German guards
suffered no deaths.
The bronze statue of General John A,
Logan, the great "volunteer soldier,"
for which Congress appropriated $50,
000, has reached Washington, and will
soon be placed. The statue "was cast in
Rome, and is in one solid piece, double
life size. When placed, it will be about
thirteen feet high, a conspicuous mon
ument to a brave man and an Intrepid
soldier.
NEELY DECISION SIGNIFICANT.
New York Tribune.
The unanimous decision of the Supremo
Court in the Neelj; case completely dis
poses of one set of arguments made
against the Govemment'3 position con
cerning Porto Rico ahd the Philippines.
It will not be contended that Cuba stands
In the same relation to the United States
as the, other islands brought under-our
control as a result of the Spanish War.
Therefore, some questions not at all In
volved In the Neely case come up in re
lation to the cases just argued in Wash
ington. But in one respeot the argument
made in behalf of Neely Is exactly the
same as that laid down by some of the
counsel against the Government as their
fundamental principle. Mr. Coudert, for
instance, said:
"There is no boundary to the Constitu
tion other than the whole sphere of the
activity of the Federal Government. Out
side of that sphere, beyond that boun
dary, the Federal Government can only
act by usurpation a government of fprce,
not of law and officials assuming to act
for the United States outside of the pre
scriptions of the Constitution are, how
ever well Intentloned, outside of the law."
Mr. Carlisle took practically the some
position, saying that the question was not
if the Constitution extended over the new
territories, but if It exended over the
Federal Government and controlled all
Its act3. Manifestly the Federal Govern
ment Is in occupation of Cuba, yet its
officers there are acting beyond the sphere
oi the Constitution, maintaining and ad
ministering In the Island a government
that does not regaTd the personal guar
antees of the Constitution, which, we
are told, bind all officers of the United
States everywhere In the exercise of their
functions. If Mr. Coudert is right, then
they are usurpers. Cuba Is under the
jurisdiction of the United States. No
other authority Imposes laws upon It.
Yet under Its authority an American citi
zen is to be tried there without regard
to the rights the Constitution gives to
an accused person. Neely is not going to
be tried by a foreign government, but by
officers of the United Slates acting under
the orders of the President and Congress,
whose authority, according to Mr. Car
lisle, must be exercised with relation to
all places In accordance with the rules
laid down In the Constitution. Certainly
tne Supreme Court recognizes that the
governing authority of the United States
extends quite beyond the sphere of the
Constitution as a fundamental rule of
government.
The sovereignty of the Philippines has
been assumed by the United States. Yet
if it is competent for the United States
to make a treaty undertaking inernational
obligations as master of Cuba for an In
definite time, and then set Its officers to
rule Cuba, regardless of the Constitution
under which they hold office, why la it
not pompetent for the United States to
rule in the same way other territory
taken by treaty under terms altered to
meet circumstances, but still not intend
ed to provide for Incorporation into the
United States? It Is well known that
Spain made strenuous efforts to force the
American Peace Commissioners to take
the sovereignty of Cuba, and argued
most ably that sovereignty under Inter
national law could not be hnng up In
midair. Our long-asserted right of inter
ference there, as agalns any other mo
tion, and the action of Congress disclaim
ing sovereignty while accepting responsi
bility, enabled the Commissioners to jus
tify occupation with this anomalous
status. Such terms could not be made,
however, concerning the Philippines. The
opinion of the world demanded that some
body be responsible as a sovereign, and
our Government considered It to be a duty,
for diplomatic and international reasons.
In taking control of those Islands to as
sume sovereign obligations, though the
Senate in ratifying the treaty definitely
announced that In so doing It did not
permanently annex the Philippines as an
itegral part of the United States.
If the United States can by treaty ac
quire extra-constitutional jurisdiction un
der one set of terms with reference to
foreign relations. It can by another set
of terms. The question of sovereignty Is
ono of internaitlonal status and exact
measure of obligation assumed. It does
not affect the relations of our officers to
the Constitution. If it does not tie their
hands In Cuba, why should It tie their
hands In the Philippines, when it is per
fectly clear that the treaty-making power
did not mean to incorporate those islands
into the Union or assume any closer rela
tion to them than under the circumstances
duty seemed to require of a civilized
power In expelling their old sovereign and
taking tnem under tutelage?
The Need for Horsemanship.
TVe hear of cavalry In the Transvaal
kept sitting for long hours on their
horses without dismounting even t at a
halt; we hear of men surprised b'y the
Boers, unable to scramble to their horses'
backs and to escape, and the civilian who
has lived with horses groans In spirit,
and thinks of the times out of number,
on a long march, In which he has eased
his own horse by getting off and walking
by his side, and of how easily a second
whip jumps on hia horse's back even
when hounds are running, and though
his horse is struggling to break loose,
writes R. B Cunningham Graham, in the
London Dally Chronicle. Nothing can be
more inartistic and less practical than
the way a cavalry Instructor teaches a
man to mount. The pause with the full
weight thrown on the stirrup lpather, tho
leg stiff as a gatepost passed across the
horse's back, and then the sounding
whack with which it hits the horse on the
oft side, would be ridiculous If in the cir
cumstances they were not lamentable.
Look at a lot of Irish boys In Galway
on their 3-year-olds tied at the outside of
the village public house: they all come
out, some of them perhaps half drunk,
and In an Instant are on their horses and
away, without a fuss, no thumping of
their horses' off flanks for them, no stand
ing In their rotten stirrup leathers mend
ed with pack thread, but In a single mo
tion they are on their horses' backs. The
heads and posts, the tent pegging, the
leaping exercises, to rupture men and
damage horses' legs, will be seen only In
their proper places the traveling circus;
leaping Itself all horsemen should accus
tom themselves to, but It is not an exer
cise likely to be useful with a tired, half
fed, overweighted charger In the field,
and therefore falls Into the category of a
mere exercise, pleasant and pretty In It
self, In piping times of peace,
Plerpont Morgan as n Churchgoer.
New York World.
The most nervous man at the morning
services at St. George's Church is Plerpont
Morgan. He is never still a moment.
He looks first to one side and then to
the other with a quick glance; he puts his
eyeglasses on and takes them off fully 50
times during the service. He strokes his
mustache or brushes his cheek.
When he passes around the collection
plate there Is an amiable smile on Mr.
Morgan's face. He watches every piece
of money that is dropped in.
He listens attentively to Dr. Ralnsford,
but his restlessness does not subside.
The nerves of the great financier are eo on
edge that repose is impossible. At every
unexpected sound he jumps. During the
sermon he fingers his prayer book absent
ly or twirls his thumbs one around the
other.
"Plerpont Morgan is the nearest ex
ample of Derpetual motion that I have
ever seen," was the comment of a well
known physician who watched him last
Sunday morning.
Mrs. Morgan, a demure, quiet figure In a
black tailor gown, and black hat, is as
motionless urlng the service as Mr. Mor
gan is nervous.
Naughty Boston.
Boston Globe.
Suburban railway lines In Sweden have
to provide a special car for intoxicated
persons. Why don't Boston's no-llcense
suburbs demand similar accommodations?
DIRECT PRIMARY IN MINNESOTA
St. Paul Pioneer Press.
It is significant of the general de
mand for direct primaries that the first
step toward the extension of the Min
neapolis law was made by a member out
side of the three cities. Whether the
convention system has misrepresented
the people of the country or the people
of the city in a greater degree we do not
know, and it is not material. The il
luminating fact Is that it is wrong in
principle and is worse in practice. It is
folly to suppose that the people them
selves are not as capable of selecting
the candidates of their own parties as
of choosing between the candidates of
those parties, yet the convention system
has developed the theory that there are
within each party only a few men who
are wise enough to perform this impor
tant function. How Important it is be
comes apparent when it Is considered
that the final choice of officials Is prac
tically limited to the nominations of two
parties, and If both of these are unfit
the people are helpless. How poorly tne
convention has performed Its duty, and
how often in the bands of unscrupulous
or crafty men It has built up machines
and oligarchies masquerading behind It
as the embodiment of the popular will. Is
a matter of history in every state in the
Union, Sooner or later Minnesota will
have its Croker or Piatt or Quay if
the present system Is continued.
The Pioneer Press does not believe that
it will be continued. How strong the
demand for direct primaries in the state
at large may be It has no means of Judg
ing, but In St. Paul and Duluth the peo
ple are evidently a unit In. demanding
the extension of the Minneapolis law to
Ramsey and St. Louis Counties. Nor is
there any disposition apparent in the
Legislature to refuse the demand. The
danger, as we have always pointed out,
lies In attempts to give the machine or
the active politicians control under cov
er of guarding party nominations. It
Is said that certain amendments to rem
edy defects revealed by the Minneapolis
test of the law will be presented. We
presume that among these so-called "de
fects" is placed the nomination of Dr.
Ames as head of the Republican ticket,
a nomination accomplished with the aid
of Democratic votes. But the over
whelming majority that he received at
the polls Indicates that he was placed
at the head of the ticket by Democratic
as well as Republican voters, because
Democratic as well as Republican voters
-wanted him as Mayor. It Is queer Ameri
canism, we take It, to deny the right
of the people to select their own officials.
Yet It is the exercise of this right which
is called a "defect," and which It Is pro
posed to prevent by a provision either
for separate primaries or for a declara
tion of political affiliation at the com
mon primaries. But just as som as any
thing shall be done to exact a declara
tion of affiliation the Independence of the
voter Is restricted and the active poli
tician has It in his power to run the
primaries to suit his ends. Direct pri
maries, in short, would become almost as
great a farce as Indirect primaries are
now, and no one is better aware of this
than those who insist upon these amend
ments. The fact Is that so far as its
essentials are concerned the Minneapolis
law should stand 'exactly as It is. Tech
nical or verbal defects may be remedied,
but any so-called remedy that does not
protect the absolute Independence of tlffe
voter ought not to be tolerated. It is
the unique distinction of the Minneapolis
law that It is the first one ever enacted,
or, we believe, devised, that made the
primary ballot, as It should be, as sa
cred as that cast at regular elections.
Uncle Sam's Expense!.
"What the Government Costs" Is told
by Carroll D. Wright in the January Cen
tury. A very large proportion of the
annual expenses Is for pensions, the
largest single expense of the Federal Gov
ernment. Thi3 expenditure was the largest
in 1S93, when it amounted to $159,357,557 87.
The smallest expenditure since that period
was in 1899, when it was $139,391,929 07; for
1900 it was $140,877,316. The pension burden
In 1S93 was $2 37 per capita, while dur
ing the last fiscal year It was $1 84. which
the people of the United States pay to
carry out the promises made at the time
of the Civil War.
The expenses of the War Department
were the largest in the history of the
country In 1S65, when they exceeded $1,
000.000,000. In 1871, when the effects of the
war and reconstruction had virtually
passed away, thoy were reduced to $35,
799,992. They varied from that period,
never exceeding $49,500,000, until 1894, when
they were over $54,500,000. This point was
not reached again until the first year of
the Spanish war (1898), when they were
nearly $92,000,000. They were almost $230,
000,000 in 1899, but for the fiscal year end
ing June 30, 1900, were reduced to $134,
774.767. The Navy Departmtnt expended In 1871
nearly $19,500,000. The expenditures va
ried until 1897, when they were over $34,
500,000; In 1S98, nearly $59,000,000; In 1599,
nearly $64,000,000, and for the fiscal year
1900. $55,953,078.
The expenditures on account of the In
dians grew gradually from the first half
of the century until they reached the
highest point in 1893, when they were $13.
345,347 27; they are now over $10,000,000.
The greatest expenditure for interest on
the public debt was In 1867, being $143,781,
592. This payment gradually decreased
until 1S92, when It was $23,378,116 23. It has
been gradually Increasing since that time,
until for the fiscal year 1900 it was $40,
160,333. The expenditures for civil and miscel
laneous Items. Including tho expenses of
Congress and of all the departments and
offices in Washington other than the War
and Navy Departments and the payments
that have already been noted, were In 1871
nearly $60,500,000. There was not very
much change In this amount until 1885.
when they reached $87,500,000, and In 1891
over $110,000,000. The highest amount paid
on this account was in 1899, when it was
$119,191,236. For 1900 it was reduced to
over $105,773,190.
Metallic Combs, Paris Barber Shops.
New York Sun.
Elaborate precautions are now taken
to Insure aseptic In some of the barber
shops In Paris. Only metallic combs are
employed, and before using them they
are passed slowly through the flame of
a gas Jet several times. The scissors
and razors are similarly treated, and the
brushes are sterilized in an antiseptic so
lution. tleXsantries OF PARAGRAPIIERS
As to a Suitor. She You seem to dislike
Mr. Callow as much as mamma does. Papa
Yes. But, really, that shouldn't prejudice you
In his favor! Puck.
Mamma Knew Best. Neiihbor (to boy tho
day after Chrlstma3) I thought you wanted
an air-tun for Christmas. Johnny. Did you
change your mind? Johnny No, but mamma,
did. Ohio State Journal.
The Romances of History. "And what did
Hie teacher say when Johnny Goop said that
Richard Carvel discovered America?" "He said
Johnny shouldn't take those historical novels
so seriously." Baltimore American.
'Yes, I consider my life a failure." 'Ob,
Henry, how sad'. Why should you say that?"
"I iq.end all my time making money enough
to ouy food and clothes, and the food -disagrees
with me and my clothes don't fit."
Life.
They Keep Right On. "I see that a. Swiss
engineer has Invented a brake that will atop a
flying express train inside of eight yards."
"Good. But how about the passengers are
they expected to stop, too?" Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
Prompt Reply. "Who was Esau?" asked" the
Sunday school teacher, who was testing- the
Biblical knowledge or her pupils. "Esau,"
replied the prompt scholar, "was the man who
sold his birthmark for & pot of massage."
Pittsburg v-uronlcle-Telegraph.
One Well-Pald Bank Clerk. "I tell you.
bank clprks are not sufficiently remunerated,"
exclaimed the broker, quite forcibly. "Oh. I
don't know." said the bank president, with a
sad smile; "our last receiving teller got about
$20,000 a year lor six years." Brooklyn XJfo.
NOTE AND COMMENT. .
Indemnity follows the flag.
The Colorado mountain Uons have met
their San Juan Hill.
Good morning; would It shock you to
learn that Pat Crowe didn't do it?
The morning sun of investigation has
cleared away the haze that obscured the
good name of West Point.
Were the gales which have been ragt
Ing all over the world set in motkm-dur-ing
the last presidential campaign?
They have a .wonderful oil well In
Texas, but the epoutlng record there la
still held by a well-known Nebraska,
editor.
The Chicago police have captured a
legless porch climber. One would natur
ally think that such a man would be en
tirely 'armless.
When we consider that Mars is
3G,000,000 miles from the earth, the idea
of paying telegraph tolls on messages
from there Is appalling.
Comic opera is one. hundred years old,'
but the Jokes used In most of them had
been doing service with minstrel show9
for many centuries before that.
It is too bad that a philanthropic
woman like Mrs. Nation, a woman so in
fused with public sympathy, should be
crazy, after all. It rather upsets the
moral of the tale.
The college professor's assertion that
no one ever dies from snake bite will
make It necessary for the hunter to take
the Juice of the corn along with him on
the ground that It Is an antidote for
poison oak.
Leavenworth's attitude In regard to the
Alexander outrage Is best described by
Bro'r Pox's reply to King Deer, when
the latter asked him If he had been kill
ing his1 goats: "I did, I did, an' I'm glad
I did."
"American Bazaar," In huge letters over
a shop In Alexandria, Egypt, attracted
the attention of an American. Curious to
know what kind of goods might be for
sale, he entered and asked the proprietor
If he was an American. In French came
the answer: "Yes, I am an American.''
"From what part of America?" "Buenos
Ayres." "Do you keep American goods
for sale?" "Yes, certainly, I have Ameri
can goods." "What kind of goods?"
Whereupon the shopkeeper took from a
shelf an article which he handed to the
visitor with the remark: "These are the
only American goods we have at pres
ent." The "American goods" consisted o
a single fountain pen.
The late Lord Derby once proposed the
health of Queen Victoria at an official
banquet while he was Secretary of State
for the Colonies In the following terms:
"Gentlemen, I rise to propose the in
evitable toast. The working of our Con-,
stltutlon depends tipon the manner In
which those who acquire powers under
It take care not to push their privileges
to lengths which might become danger
ous. Wo have to be thankful, therefore,
that we have such a sovereign as the
Queen, who has never been unreasonable.
If we had such a creature on the throne
as George I, a monarch so silly and dis
sipated as George II, an utter blackguard
like George IV, or even well-meaning,
but entirely stupid, persons such- as
George III and William IV, I think, gen
tlemen, we should have had very rough
times. Gentlemen, I propose The
Queen.' "
A Philadelphia man received a letter the
other day that had been returned to hlta
after 10 years. The envelope contained a
dollar bill, and the circumstances con
nected with its return are of a decidedly
curious nature. Ten years ago the man
was a student at Fordham, Just outside of
New York. He was a puzzler of some
repute, and one day he sent $1 to tho
publisher of an obscure puzzle paper, is
sued in C.cago, for a year's subscription,
using the col.ege stationery. He never re
ceived any copies of the paper, and wrote
to know why. He was lnfprmed that his
$1 had never reached the publisher, and
the matter -was allowed to drop. In due
time he was graduated and went into busi
ness at Philadelphia, One day last
week Tie received a communication
from the college authorities, in
closing the long-missing letter, which
had been returned to Fordham.
The $1 bill was Intact, but the original
envelope had been addressed to Kansas
City instead of Chicago a bit of thought
lessness or his part, which the sender
cannot now explain. Just where the let
ter has been for 10 years Is a good bit of
a mvsterv.
T
You're It.
Pittsburg Chronlcle-Tolegraph,
' If you're sore
To the core.
With aching bones,
And husky tones
When you speak.
And you're weak
In the knees,
And you sneeze.
And often couh
Your head near off,
And you note
'That your throat
Feels aulte raw.
And your Jaw
Feels as If
You'd got a. biff.
And dull pains 4
Vex your brains.
Then you've caught It,
You have got It ,
It's the grip.
If you feel
The heat steal
O'er your frame
Like a name.
Till you bum
And you yearn
For chunks of Ice
At any price,
then like a flash
The shivers dash
From head to feet,
A chill complete.
And you shake.
And you quake.
And there's desire
For a Are,
And something hot
Right on the spot
To quickly drink.
And you think
Right there and then
You'll ne'er be warm again.
Then you've caught it.
You have got it " .
It's the grip.
It's In the air,
It's everywhere:
The microbe of the grip -"
Is on another trip.
And up and down,
Through all the. town.
By night and day,
It seeks its prey.
And it's the fad.
If you are sad.
Or even mad.
Or it you sneeze,
Or cough or wheeze.
Or feel too warm.
Or chills alarm.
To wear a look- of grim dismay
And hoarsely say:
"I've caught It,
I've got It
It's the grip!"