i
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1901.
fte rgom⁢
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PORTLAND, MONDAY, JANUARY 21.
"Antl" Journals are printing in full
the Filipino petition for independence,
which Teller of Colorado Introduced in
the Senate the other day. It was said
to have been signed by 2006 Inhabi
tants of the Philippine Islands not a
great proportion of 10.0D0.000. The rhet
oric reminds one of a sermon by an
uneducated negro preacher. Yet of
course our "antl" Journals regard it as
one of the greatest of the world's con
tributions to the literature pf freedom.
These petitioners say the inhabitants
of the Philippine Islands never will
submit to the authority of the United
States. That, of course. But better
people than they haVe said the same",
yet have accepted that authority. "Dy
ing in the last ditch" is an old story.
The Filipinos are extremely careful to
aold that ditch. They have been
routed from every place they have oc
cupied, no matter what their numbers.
No people who are so poor fighters are
fit for national independence. They
couldn't create a real government, nor
maintain one. Our forces are making
steady progress in suppression of the.
insurrection. The hunt for armed
bands of Filipinos Is seldom rewarded,
nowadays, by finding one.
Considerable currency has been given
to a rumored intention of Morgan, Hill,
Rockefeller and others to perfect amal
gamation of great railway properties
and then to sell them to the Govern
ment at such price as Congress would
determine. This bargain would be easy
of execution except for two things. One
Is that the railroads don't want to sell
out to the Government, and the other
Is that the Government doesn't want
to buy them. What, then, is the object
behind the announcement? Taken in
connection with recent fulmlnations
against anti-pooling legislation, we can
only conclude that the object Is the
artificial creation of sentiment In favor
of pooling legislation. It is impres
sively declared that the cause of these
recent efforts toward community of
railway ownership is the antl-poollng
legislation. This is one cause of those
efforts, but it is not the only or the
predominant cause. The harmonization
of railroad Interests Is allied to har
monization of iron interests or sugar
Interests. It 1b perfectly pueVile for
railroad men to say to Congress, Un
less you give us pooling laws we will
organize a trust and then sell out to
the Government. The capital of the
country is not half as anxious to sell
What It owns as to find new openings
Cor investment T.he efforts of railroad
management In the direction of har
mony have been truthfully explained
by Mr. Hill as due to desire for peace,
honesty and economy. We take It that
these threats do not emanate from men
like Morgan, Harriman or Hill, but
from small-brained fellows anxious for
sensation.
As to the election of United States
Senator, The Oregonian, while desiring
to treat all with consideration and fair
ness, can say no more, no less, than it
cas said heretofore, namely, that it
favors the election of Mr. Corbett, for
the reason that It believes him to be the
most efficient man for the interests of
Oregon that our state can send to the
Senate at this time. In business af
fairsand these now demand attention
more than at any time In our history
Mr. Corbetfs energy. Judgment, tenac
ity and efficiency are prdverblal.
Through these qualities he has made a
deeper impression on the business and
Industrial life of Oregon than any other
citizen of the state. "Without dispar
agement qC others, it can be said with
perfect truth tfc&t no other man has
done so much for development of the
state. In Its varied Interests, as he. We
want things done for Oregon, at Wash
ington. This is the one leading reason
why The Oregonian advocates the elec
tion of Mr. Corbett. Yet it may be
added that Mr. Corbett holds sound and
distinct opinions on all the Important
questions of National polity now press
ing for attention. His views on mon
etary and business questions of Na
tional import have always been of the
soundest, he Is too broad a man to ac
quiesce, under political pressure, in an
erroneous policy toward our new terri
torial possessions: his Judgment and
persistency would be of highest value
in securing In Congress support for the
undertakings necessary for the com
mercial and industrial progress of Ore
gon and the Northwest The Orego
nian favors his candidacy because It
believes he would be mere useful In
the Senate than any other man we
could now send to that body. Its only
care In this matter Is for the large in
terests of the state and country Its
desire on the subject Is not that of one
or another who depend on politics for
livelihood, for it wants nothing of gov
ernment, Is not concerned about the in
terests of office-holders, and Is of the
opinion that they ought not to be per
mitted to dictate the election of Sena
tor. The spectacle of a crowd of of-Dce-holders
at Salem, who are working
simply for themselves, not for the state
or the public weal. Is not an attractive
one.
The newly inaugurated Governor of
Connecticut, George P. McLean, advo
cates the reform of the present state
constitution, under which It is possible
fpr 20 per cent of the people to elect a
majority of both branches of the Legis
lature. Of tho 163 towns, 87 have two
Representatives apiece In the House,
while 81 have but one each. This rep
resentation is based not upon popula
tion, but upon land. New Haven, with
a population of 108,000, and Union, with
a population of 428, have the same rep
resentation in the Legislature. Gover
nor McLean proposes 'to give each town
one Representative, and every town
with a population of 10,000 and over an
additional Representative 'for each ad
ditional 10,000. The system of repre
sentation in "Vermont Is as bad as that
of Connecticut, and still more hopeless
of reform. Each one of the 243 towns
of Vermont, large and small, has but
one Representative". Burlington, with
18,000 Inhabitants and about 3500 vot
ers, has but one Representative, and
the little town of St George, with but
30 votes, sends one Representative.
Such a system Is a burlesque on popu
lar government, since the 3500 voters of
Burlington have no more voting power
in the making of laws than If It cast
but 25 or 30 vote3r as do some of the
small mountain towns of the state. The
result is a needlessly unwieldy and ex
pensive lower house of 243 members,
while the great State of New York, with
Its enormous wealth and its population
lof 7,268,000, and Its varied agricultural,
manufacturing, marine and mineral In
terests, has a lower house of but 126
members. Vermont, with about 343,000
people, a small, poor, Inland state, has
a lower house almost double In number
that of the Empire State. No wonder,
with such a system of town representa
tion, without regard to population, It is
comparatively easy to secure the enact
ment of stupid, sentimental legisla
tion, and difficult to secure Us repeal.
The small, mean clannlshness of the
little towns makes them Jealous of the
large towns, and they combine to per
petuate legislation whosa burden they
do not feel, but which has become
wearisome and unprofitable to the large
towns. The effect of this town system
of representation is not only to repel
the settlement ofc-alert, enlightened, liberal-minded,
progressive people In the
state, but to continue to swell the New
England exodus to the West and the
Pacific Coast.
A LITERARY FORECAST.
Definition of the literature of the
twentieth century properly begins with
the work of exclusion. We have no
warrant of great poetry, great fiction
or great essays of the artistic and con
templative moods. But this negative
process Is merely preliminary. It would
be a mistake to stop here, and It would
be a greater mistake to draw from
hasty Inspection of commercial fields
that our brains are running exclu
sively or even preponderantly to busi
ness. The work of the twentieth cen
tury In the fields of thought Is to be as
efficient as that of the nineteenth cen
tury, and far more useful, and, as In
all other centuries, the work In the
field of thought will surpass the work
in the field of action.
It will be the task of the opening
years of the twentieth century to di
gest the prodigious accumulations of
the nineteenth century. What our
great minds have hitherto been doing
is to get out immense quantities of
base ore, which needs taking to the
smelter. xWith the highest respect to
Spencer and Buckle, as well as to the
plainer case of Darwin and Draper, it
must be said that our so-called philoso
phy as well as our self-confessed sci
ence, has done nothing more than to
collect facts and arrange them In
greater or less confusion, while the con
clusions are yet to be drawn. Conclu
sions have been attempted, but they
are faulty. Morals have been drawn,
but they are pernicious.
The end of science, with Its discov
eries, and philosophy, with Its specula
tions, is application to the problems of
human life; and of these problems the
only ones worth while are those of the
Inner man. v Whether a man reads by a
tallow dip or a Tesla lamp Is of no con
sequence compared with his progress or
decline In ability to resist temptation;
and all the wheels of industry and Im
plements of the laboratory are nothing
unless In some way they furnish levers
to lift mankind from his lower to his
higher nature. All-important, there
fore. Is the bearing of science and phil
osophy on the question of individual
character, and here the most authori
tative conclusions of the nineteenth
century have simply led us astray.
Students of social and governmental
science have given us a world in whloh
the aggregate Is everything and the in
dividual is nothing. Man is the creat
ure of natural selection, according to
Darwin, or he Is the product of his cli
mate, according to Draper. He Is sim
ply the exact percentage inevitably
doomed to be Insane or criminal accord
ing to Buckle, or he is the necessary
resultant of his Inheritance and envi
ronments according to Spencer.
Sociology, that Is to say, enthrones
the race as a machine, and eliminates
personal accountability. In govern
ment It gives us the American doctrine
of equality and the French maxims of
Inalienable rights. In society it gives
us extensive labors for amelioration of
man's physical lot an effort to Impart
character to him through philanthropic
donations, and a demand for making
him virtuous by removing all possibil
ity of wrong-doing. This work has got
to be undone, and the magnitude of the
task Is discovered In the extent to
which the error permeates every influ
ential organized agency of civilization.
The chairs of our universities are filled
with socialists, and the pulpit has
abandoned effort to reach the individ
ual, in a fight to remove the sources
and Implements of temptation. The ef
fort of organized society is to make
life a lotus-eater's dream, without dan
gers or struggle. Nothing could be
more Immoral. Nothing could be
more dangerous to strength of charac
ter. The brightest promise of the twen
tieth century is that keen thinkers are
arising on every hand to combat this
tide of pernicious sentiment, and re-establish
the peVsonal accountability of
the Individual. The work, in fact, Is
already beguand In all-the-eenturles-that
have gone no more necessary or
fruitful labor has demanded of the
thinker a duty or enticed him with
greater reward.
ROYALTY'S ALTERED SPHERE.
"Before half-past 2 o'clock on the
morning of June .20, 1837, William IV
was lying dead in Windsor Castle,
while the messengers were already
.hurrying off to Kensington Palace to
bear to his successor her summons to
the throne." This Is the graphic sen
tence with which Mr. Justin McCarthy
opened his "'History of Our Own
Times," one of the most interesting
though not the most accurate of the
chronicles of the Victorian reign. Nigh
updn 64 years have passed since that
eventful and momentous day, and the
interim has seen great changes pass
over the Institution of sovereignty. Its
governmental aspect Is not one of the
most momentous aspects of the good
Queen's reign, but it is an Important
one, nevertheless, for the rise and fall
of royalty make up one of the most
fascinating threads in the annals of
humanity.
The reign of William IV 0830-1837),
uneventful as compared with that of
George IV (1820-1830), and short as com
pared with that of George III (1760-1820),
will forever stand out In history as a
transition period. It marked the end
of personal and the full arrival of
constitutional government in Great
Britain. He exercised the right to dis
miss his ministers at will; but with
him this prerogative passed away once
for all from the hands of the ruler to
the hands of the people. With William
the old manner of sovereign ceased to
be, but the new manner of sovereign
had not yet arrived. It remained for
Victoria to establish the new order, and
that has been her work in government
Because she has done It well, the mon
archy abides In Britain, and the House
of Hanover holds undisputed title to
the throne.
Victoria's service in the narrow gov
ernmental sense has been to subordi
nate direction of statecraft to that per
sonal characteristic of royalty which
was -expressed In the term so often er
roneously applied "the first gentleman
of England." The standard of King
ship she bequeathes to the empire is
that of personal character. Not a for
mulator of measures or an intriguer
with cabinets or a maker and marrer
of public servants, the throne stands
today for exemplary conduct, high
ideals and dignified bearing. The King
must be, if he measures up to the rec
ognized pattern now, not & self-seeking
potentate, but a model of all the virtues
and graces of intellectual and accom
plished social life.
This Is not an empty office, as the
superficial might suppose; for observa
tion has abundantly confirmed Burke's
dictum as to the superiority of man
ners over law. He would be rash who
should undertake to point out the law
or set of laws enacted In the Victorian
reign whose effect upon the English
speaking world transcends the pro
found Influence exerted by the person
ality of the Queen and those, includ
ing the Prince Consort, who have gath
ered about her and left their impress
upon English thought, customs and
ideals. Domestic purity, social cleanli
ness, honesty and kindliness have radi
ated In unfllckerlng brightness from
the British throne for sixty years, and
have lifted mankind Immeasurably far
above the levels revealed In celebrated
lectures of Thackeray. This high
standard confronts the Prince Regent.
Upon the wav he meets his inheritance
very largely depends not only mon
archy In name In Britain, but the per
petuity of every throne that still sur
vives the shocks of liberty and the
hand of time.
, OUR TIMBER SUPPLY.
The Burefau of Statistics in Washing
ton is preparing a statement in regard
to the standing timber In the United
States that, when completed and given
to the public, will be of great value.
Advance sheets of this report give es
timates showing that an area of 1,094,
946 square miles Ib covered by timber,
and that this standing timber repre
sents 2,300,000,000 feet Of states hav
ing the greatest area of standing tim
ber, Oregon stands second with 54,000
square miles of forest to her credit
Texas leads with 64,000 square miles;.
Minnesota follows closely upon Oregon
with 52,000 square miles; Washington
comes next with 47,700. Other states
mentioned In the list of those having
the largest timber area are: Arkansas,
46,000; California, 44,700; Montana, 42,
000; Georgia, 42,000, and Missouri, 41,000
square miles.
Following this estimate of our stand
ing timber area and the possibilities
which It represents to the lumber trade
Is the statement that we are cutting
our timber at the rate of About 40,000,
000 feet a year, an average which, if
continued, will exhaust the present sup
ply in about sixty years. The effort to
restore our forests is, of course, not
taken into account In this calculation,
the object being to show what will re
sult In case the present wasteful policy
of using without replacing timber or
protecting young timber Is- pursued
through two more generations. In Min
nesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, where
the logger's ax and the lumberman's
mill have been persistently active dur
ing the present generation, there are in
dications of a slight abatement In ac
tivities during the past year. There
has, Indeed, been a steady reduction of
the average production of lumber in
these originally magnificently timbered
states during the last ten years. The
maximum therein was reached In 1890,
after which a gradual reduction was
noted, until In 189S the minimum was
reached. This shows, not that the de
mand has weakened, but that the
source of supply Is falling.
Nature connot by ordinary processes
or unaided growth, supply the 'ast In
roads that have been and are being
made upon her forest wealth. This is
conceded, and, while representatives of
the National Forestry Association are
working in conjunction with officials
of the Government to inaugurate a sys
tem whereby the loss through com
mercial demands may be made good
by growth, the agents of the great lum
ber companies are scouring the North
west and have penetrated even to the
Pacific Coast, for the purpose of secur
ing a supply to meet the demands of
their business. Large tracts of timber
have been bought up In this Interest In
our own state within the past few
years a perfectly legitimate business
transaction, by the way and for the
first time In our history the fact that
the forest wealth of Oregon may not be
inexhaustible has been, though still
vaguely, presented to our people. The
export of lumber Is becoming a ver
important Item in our foreign com
merce. Statistics show that it has
very nearly doubled in the last ten
years. The total exports of wood and
wood manufactures last year were val
ued at 550,598,000, most of these forest
products having been shipped from Pa
cific Coast ports to South America and
the Asiatic countries. There is every
reason to believe that our lumber ex
port will again be doubled in the first
decade of the century. To meet this
fact forests that represent the growth
of centuries will fall. It will be the
part of prudence prudence of the Ben
jamin Franklin type, that is regardful
of the interests and needs of posterity,
to inaugurate early in the onslaught
upon our forests at the behest of com
merce and follow such measures of for
est protection as will prevent the dissi
pation by two or three generations of
the grand timber heritage that has
come down to us from nature, through
uncounted centuries.
It Is quite proper that all salmon
which succeed in wending their way
safely through the labyrinth of traps
at the mouth of the Columbia should
have the privilege of spawning unmo
lested. Such a concession would be a
merited tribute to the sagacity of the
fish. Therefore, the willingness of Clat
sop fishermen that salmon should prop
agate If they can get past Clatsop
County Is commendable and Wasco
people are very obtuse If they cannot
appreciate the charity of it. Wasco
fishermen ought therefore to see. clearly
how beside the real issue is their con
tention that more fish should be al
lowed to enter the river. It Is very
strange that Clatsop County should un
derstand the Importance of allowing
fish to propagate more than does
Wasco. Why, the simple fact that so
few fish pass Astoria Is argument in
superable for the Clatsop bill before
the Legislature. Indeed, what is to be
come of the Industry, If the salmpn
which escape Clatsop shall not be al
lowed to spawn?
La grippe Is a great leveler. A sharp
tussle with it turns statesmen and high
Government officials for the time being
Into whimpering, semi-invalids, whose
sole pleasure In life Is to compare
"symptoms" with fellow-sufferers. In
proof of this, if proof outside of com
mon experience is required, it may be
cited that at a Cabinet meeting in the
President's private apartments at the
White House last Wednesday (the first
Cabinet meeting, by the way, since
January 4), all members being present,
the entire time was devoted to a re
hearsal of the Individual experiences of
the several secretaries since last they
met In combatting the popular ailment.
Having thus relieved their minds, after
the manner of the grip-enfeebled, the
President and his advisers separated tot
come together after the lapse of an
other week, hoping by that time to be
able to think of something besides
themselves and their bodily "feelings."
It is queer, but not strange, that they
who have been hazed encourage, or
rather do not discourage, the practice.
Evidently they consider It an essential
In a cadet's training. Certain officers
at West Point, who were cadets them
selves and experienced hazing, and who
have the power to squelch the bar
barous orgies, do not do It, or have not,
perhaps because they think there can
be no Improvement over the methods of
discipline to which they were subjected.
There Is no greater pleasure than in
seeing others going through the same
tribulations through which we have
gone. If officers were In charge at
West Point Who had never felt the
joys and sorrows of hazing, the prac
tice might more readily be stamped out.
Recognizing the need of home food,
something that the men enjoy and that
will add pleasing and wholesome vari
ety to their ration, the German Gov
ernment will Eend at once 2400 tons of
sauer kraut to its soldiers in China. A
German firm of Philadelphia has con
tracted to furnish and ship the order
The kraut will be packed in barrels
and casks, and a train of cars will be
required to move It to the Pacific
Coast, whence it will receive quick dis
patch to Tien Tsln. As a holiday re
membrance from the Kaiser, the kraut
will reach his army In the Orient a lit
tle late, but there can be no doubt of
the gustatory wolcome that' it will re
ceive. In his brief article on "The Remedies
of Trusts," which we print today, Pro
fessor Bascom uses an apt and striking
comparison. Speaking of the danger
ous tendency of corporations towards
trusts, he says: "Corporate action has
been our most remarkable development,
and one of the most successful of our
productive agents. How, then, has It
so suddenly taken on an Inimical form,
and, like an Infuriated elephant broken
from the hand that has held It to serv
ice?" It Is necessary to apply more
searching remedies than moral suasion
to an Infuriated elephant.
The W. C. T. U. is unfortunate, if not
otherwise, in abetting the interests of
saloons by having the canteen abol
ished. If duty could be transmitted
through the medium of bigotry and
monomania without refraction, the age
of miracles would not be past.
Since Bryan says reorganization must
be within the party, he should remem
ber, when he replies to Cleveland, that
he considers himself within the party
and Grover outside it
Students of Stanford University
threw one of their fellow-members Into
a pond the other day. Advertising of
West Point has evidently given that
Institution some Ideas.
Alger has been advised repeatedly
that he will have to wait for posterity
for justice. However, he should not
take it so seriously as to get mor
tally 111.
If it took all that toll and trouble to
get China's agreement to the joint note,
how much more will it take to keep
her agreeing?
Kruger will not come to the United
States at present In fact, he will let
Dewet win the Independence of his
country.
Lord Salisbury now has a chance to
emulate Cleveland by firing an ulti
matum of bis own In the Venezuela
case.
New York Journal of Commerce
Striking- evidence of the rapid growth
of the cotton industry in Japan is af
forded by Mr. Shepperson's "Cotton
Facts," which gives the consumption of
cotton In Japan for three years as roi
lows:
Bales.
ISM ,. , , 747,362
1808 C44.S1S
1807 .. S1B.S22
The amount of American cotton used
was S6.334 bales in 1S97,. and 220,597 bales
in 1S99. The Japanese production of cot
ton Is trilling, and little native cotton is
spun The largest amount of cotton
comes from British India, and there is a
small consumption of Chinese cotton; the
great bulk of the fiber used In Japan
ese mills comes from India and this coun
try. The number of spindles in Japan at
three dates la as follows:
Spindles.
1300 1,273.706
1835 580.D45
1890 277.S05
The production Is already far beyond
the local consumption, and a third of the
product has to be exported to China,
where it competes with the exports of
this country and England. How serious
this competition is depends upon the cost
of production, and of this the rates of
wages afford no real indication. They do,
however, indicate that wages are rising
In Japan to an extent that greatly Im
pairs the advantage which a few years
ago cheap labor seemed to give her as
compared with the Western World. In
five years the wages of men have ad
vanced 55, and the wages of women have
advanced 66 per cent.
It would give very valuable Information
II we could closely compare the efficiency
of labor in Japan, England and the United
States. The materials for this are insuf
ficient. There is no doubt that more
persons are employed for a given amount
of production in Japan than in Western
countries, but it is difficult to say pre
cisely how much. "Cotton Facts" pub
lishes an official Japanese table showing
the number of spindles, the consumption
of cotton and the yarn produced, in
which the employes are apparently those
employed in spinning mills only. The
weaving Is largely done on hand looms In
the homes. Assuming that the number of
persons employed is the number in spin
ning mills, the number per 1000 spindles
was 52 in 1S90. 70 In 1895 and 50 in 1800. As
to this discrepancy it may be conjectured
tnat running the mills continuously with
double shifts was not general 10 years
ago, but was five, years ago; and that
since 1895 there has been Increased effi
ciency of labor dud to practice. The mills
run 22 hours a day with two shifts of
operatives, so thwt these figures indicate
25 persons per 1000 spindles per shift. The
last census of the United State3 does not
separate the number of persons employed
in spinning from those in weav
ing mills, and In giving the number of
persons employed per spindle it gives the
whole number employed in the manufac
ture of cotton. Dr. Schulze-Gaevernltz's
exhaustive Investigation of cotton manu
facturing In England gives the number
of persons employed per 1000 spindles In
various countries and at different dates
as follows:
England. 18S7 3
England, 1837 7
Germany, 1861 20
Germany, 1832 , 8 0
Mulhouso. about 18S5 7.6
Alsace 0.5
Italy 13
Bombay "3
The number In Bombay 15 years ago
appears to be about the same as that in
Japan at present If the number of per
sons employed In Japan Is eight times as
great as the number employed In Eng
land, the advantage Japan enjoys In low
wages Is much more than offset.
The yarn exports of Japan, chiefly to
China, were less than half a million
pounds eight years ago; they were 17,300,
000 pounds In 1S99. 56,045,000 in 1S97 and 91.
776,000 pounds In 1898. The consumption of
cotton per spindle Indicates the fineness
of the yarn rather than the efficiency of
tne iaoor or the machinery. Mr. Shep
person gives it as 36.72 pounds per an
num in England. 69.33 on the Continent,
50.45 for all Europe, and 96.5 for the
United States. His tables of spindles and
cotton consumption Iriuicate for Japan
154 pounas per shift. For the lower
counts of yarn, up to 20s, the Japanese
mills control their own and the Chinese
markets.
Reflection) of a Spinster.
Judge.
If love's eyesight wero good pyjamas
would never have been Invented.
Good men are products of the Imagina
tions of religious women who have never
married.
If God only lends people something to
love what bad judgment ho sometimes
uses in not calling the loan.
A handsome man divides women into
two classes those he knows he can kiss
and those he thinks he can as soon as
he has time.
Confusion between a man's sorrow at
being found out and sorrow for what he
has done has been one of tho scandals
of morality.
A girl kissing a married man is like a
child playing with electricity, who does
not like the shock when It comes, but
cannot resist trying it once more.
Some men are as easily entertained as
the one who had a habit of taking off
his wife's wedding ring whenever he
wanted a little excitement.
Not Half Paid.
New York Telegram.
Mr. Barrle was one day at Waterloo
station In a hurry to catch a train. He
was hastening from the bookstall laden
with papers, "a good niany sixpenny ones
among them," he dolefully relates, when.
In rushing around a corner, he fell Into
the arms of Rudyard Kipling, equally In
a tearing hurry. They turned on each
other with scowling faces, then smiled In
recognition, and asked each other whither
he went. Then Kipling, exclaiming,
"Lucky beggar, you've got papers!" seized
the bundle from Barrle, flung him some
money and made off. "But you did not
stoop to pick up his dirty halfpence, did
you?" queried one of Mr. Barrie's hear
ers, amusedly. "Didn't I, though!" re
turned Barrle, and added ruefully, "but
he hadn't flung me half enough."
Hard on Poor Lo.
St Louis Post-Dispatch.
What would the noble red man think
If he could know that election disturbers
and repeaters are classified as "Indians"?
Would he not be justified In resuming his
war paint?
Possibly n Bad Negative.
Philadelphia Inquirer.
A Roumanian has discovered a way per
manently to print a photograph on the
SKin, and in a few years the professional
beau will look like a tattooed man.
Don't Ask Too Much.
Denver Republican.
Professor Loeb has a good chance to
prove the truth of his theory by shaking
the salt cellar over the corpse of Colo
rado Populism.
Ave Maria.
Byron.
Ave Maria! blessed be tho hour!
The time, the clime, the spot where I so oft
Have felt that moment In Its fullest power
Sink o'er the earth so beautiful and soft
While swung the deep bell in the distant
tower.
Or the faint dying day-hymn stole aloft.
And not a breath crept through the rosy air.
And yet tho forest leaves seemed stirred with
prayer.
Ave Maria! 'tis the hour of prayer!
Ave Maria! 'tis the hour of lovet
Ave Maria! May our spirits dare
Look up to Thine and to Thy Son's Above!
Ave Maria! Oh I that face so fair!
Those downcast eyes beneath the Almighty
Dove
What though, 'tis but a pictured Image?
strike
That painting is no idol 'tis too like.
GENESIS OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE
Kansas City Star.
Under the provisions of the Constitu
tion, the President and Vice-President of
the United States for the term beginning
March 4 have not yet been elected. The
second Monday In January Is election day
by act of Congress. On that day one
week from tomorrow the 447 electors
chosen last November will assemble In
their respective states and vote for the
two highest officers of the Nation. The
result of the balloting will be forwarded
tQ the President of the Senate, in Wash
ington. On the second Wednesday in Feb
ruary he will bpen the communications
from the members of the Electoral Col
lege in the presence of the two houses
of Congress and announce the result
The electors chosen last November are
bound In no way except by their sense of
honor to vote for the candidates of their
parties. They might cast their ballots for
Pettlgrew and Edward Atkinson if they
desired, and the country would have no
recourse. All that the Constitution says
Is that they shall "vote by ballot for
President and Vice-President one of
whom, at least, shall not be an Inhab
itant of the same state with themselves."
For the last 100 years the custom of the
electors voting for the choice of their
constituents has hardly been violated.
One Instance of the sort was In 1S21. when
one elector refused to vote for Monroe on
the ground that only Washington was
worthy the honor of" being the unanimous
choice of the people for President
The election of 1797 was the last In which
the electors availed themselves of their
Constitutional prerogative of Independent
action. By 1800 the candidacy of Jefferson
and Adams was tacitly recognized, and
four years later the first nominations
were made by Congressional caucus. This
method was continued until the time of
Jackson, in 182S. His candidacy was in
dorsed by state Legislatures and political
clubs. The National party convention
system was Inaugurated In 1832. Since
that time the electors have abided strictly
by their implied pledge. Even during the
Hayes-Tllden controversy, when the pres
sure was Intense, every elector stood fast.
It Is not generally understood that the
Constitution falls to specify how the elec
tors are to be chosen. It delegates this
matter to the states, saying only: "Each
state shall appoint, in such manner as the
Legislature thereof may direct, a number
of electors equal to the whole number of
Senators and Representatives to which
the state may be entitled In Congress."
Early in the Republic's history the Leg
islatures themselves appointed the elec
tors. Then It became the custom In most
states to allow each Congressional dis
trict to choose one elector, while the ex
tra two were chosen at large by the whole
state. This plan, in turn, was abandoned
for the present method, by which all the
electors are voted for on one ticket Oc
casionally, in recent years in close states
one minority elector has been chosen.
This has been due either to mistakes in
the marking of ballots or to the personal
unpopularity of one of the majority elec
tors, whose name has been scratched.
Michigan has furnished the only devia
tion lately from the general custom of
choosing all electors on one ticket In
1S92, the Democratic Legislature, foresee
ing that the state would probably go Re
publican, passed a bill under which each
Congressional district chose one elector
and the other two were selected at large.
The consequence was that nine Republic
an and five Democratic electors were
chosen. It is by no means certain that
this would not be the better way to man
age the choice of the Electoral College.
Under the present system the result of
an election is apt to hinge on New York,
Where a change of a few hundred votes
may swing the state's 36 electors from
one party to the other. If electors were
chosen by Congressional districts. New
York State would always have a divided
vote in the Electoral College. This would
tend to deprive the state of its present
undue prominence In a Presidential con
test. While amendments to the Constitution
are proposed In almost every Congress to
provide that the President be chosen by
popular vote. It Is doubtful whether any
change will be made for many years, at
least. Dr. Albert Shaw points out in the
Review of Reviews that the founders of
the Government provided for the Electo
ral College not so much because of dis
trust In the people as on account of the
conditions under which they were living.
The lack of means of communication and
of newspapers kept the mass of the peo
ple In Ignorance of the ability of most
public men. For this reason the framers
of the Constitution thought it best to in
trust the selection of the President to
chosen electors from each state. Circum
stances have, changed since that time, and
with them the real mode of choosing tho
Chief Magistrate. While the letter of the
law remains unchanged its spirit has been
adapted to the needs of the present
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
Tho Nurse I bee pardon, Mr. Stuffer, but
Dr. Plllery says you eat too much. Mr. Stuff
er Eat too much? "Why, the thing is Impos
sible. I shall have to get a new medical ad
viser. Boston Transcript.
Tess Jack proposed last night and I ac
cepted him. Jess Did you, dear? By the
way, dqn't attempt to cut glass with that
diamond, as I did. or you'll make another nick
In the stone. Philadelphia Press.
A Kegular Thing. "Daughter." said Mr.
Glddlngs, "Is that young Mr. DInsmore a man
of regular habits?" "Oh, jes, papa," replied
Miss Glddlngs. "He proposes regularly every
Thursday night." Detroit Free Press.
Her Troubles. "No," said the Society Re
porter, "It Is not so hard to get descriptions
of the costumes. The hard pirt Is to write
the descriptions so that each lady will con
sider herself tho best-dressed woman pres
ent." Baltimore American.
Anxious. 1 er beg your pardon. Miss
Clara, but that was an awfully strong punch
you made for me last night." "Why, It didn't
do you any harm, did It?" "Well, I don't
know. I have been worried to death ever
since for fear I proposed to you." Life.
"Why did you give that teacher you sent us
so good a character? The fellow is perfectly
useless!" observed the Chairman of one Scot
tish School Board to the Chairman of an
other. "Eh, man." was the reply, "ye'll have
to gle him a far better character berore ye
get rid o' him!" Tlt-Btts.
Contentment. Giles A happy New Tear to
you, marm, and hope jou'll bo as lucky this
year as I was last. Lady Oh, thank you very
much. Giles; but you surely forget that you
lost your wife In the Spring, and broke your
leg In the Summer. Giles Yes, but t'other
leg's all right, and as for paw Soosan. It
might have been I to be took Instead. Punch.
Sometime, Somewhere,
Christine Rossettl.
Unanswered yet? The prayer your lips have
pleaded
In agony of heart these many years?
Does faith begin to fall, Is hope departing.
And think you all In aln those falling tears?
Say not the Father hath not heard your
prayer;
You shall have your desire, sometime, some
where. Unanswered yet7 though when you first pre
sented This one petition at the Father's throne.
It seemed you could not wait the time of ask
ing. So urgent was your heart to make It known.
Though years have passed since then, do you
not despair;
The Lord Will answer you sometime, some
where. Unanswered yet' Nay, do not say ungranted;
Perhaps your part ts not yet wholly done;
The work began when first your prayer was
uttered.
And God will finish what He has begun.
If you will keep the Incense burning there.
His glory you shall see sometime, somewhere.
Unanswered yet? Faith can not be unan
swered. Her feet are firmly planted on the Rock;
Amid the wildest storms she stands un
daunted. Nor quails before the loudest thunder shock.
She knows Omnipotence has heard her prayer.
And cries, "It shall be done sometime, somewhere!"
NOTE AND COMMENT.
There promises to be something doing
at Salem this week.
Mrs. Carrie Nation is crazy. Will the
W. C. T. U. believe It?
A band of Boers is reported to havo
been badly routed. More British, must ba
in a trap.
McKinley couldn't help having the grip
sine-) he always stands In with the ma
jority. Apparently that Duke thinks it la worth
a whole lot of money to marry Queen
Wilhelmlna.
' Thank goodness hazing is unknown to
the Filipinos, or we might never quell tha
Insurrection.
If the statesmanship of some legislators
wore as faulty as their grammar and
English, would they still be statesmen?
Now that ho has heard from tha Elec
toral College, James K. Jones may pos
sibly bo persuaded to give up tho light.
If soldiers have to be hazed in order to
be such, the Boers are doing a service
for which the English should feel grate
ful. After practicing on the Colorado lions.
Colonel Roosevelt will be bettor qualified
for a fiesh brush with the New York
tiger.
Americans have offered Kruger a man
sion. Evidently they have forgotten
Dewey. But Kruger Is married, so may
be they haven't.
Is England serious In Its Intention to
add its own amendments to the canal
treaty and to malign the superlative wis
dom of our Senate?
The fact that the center of population
has not budged an inch since McBrida
returned shows that ho Is not so many
as he might be.
A Senator Is going to lecture on "From
Lincoln to Hanna." He would Increase
his range vastly If he substituted Pettl
grew for Hanna.
Aftti. two whole days of hard work In
Portland, the members of the Legislature
mil be glad to get back to Salem for a
hard-earned rest
About the only crimes that have not
been charged to the mosqultos are the
Leavenworth lynching and the abduction
of young Cudahy.
So little has been heard from Hon. G.
W. McBrlde lately that It Is supposed ho
has retired to some secluded spot to com
pose a swan song.
Controller Color says New York Is not
so black as It Is painted. The outlook
for reform there, however, Is fully as blue
as It could well be.
If China Is wise she will charge up tha
loot against the European powers, and be
able to have something coming to her
when tney demand their indemnity.
Cleveland Is up against It good and hard
now. Bryan can refuse to restore him
from Innocuous desuetude by declining to
pilnt an thing from or about him.
A yacht named America Is being built
to defend t'.it America's pup. Tbls cer
tainly should quicKcn Sir Thomas's Imagi
nation and .stimulate hls endeavor.
Is It syllogistic to conclude thatRoberts
would receive a grander glorification for
going back and finishing tho war than he
has received for leaving It unfinished?
Bryan can run every four years and
rest between whiles. But with Agulnaldo
It Is a case of having to run all the time.
No wonder the election news killed him.
If F. Hokklnton Smith la right about
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" being a crime,
wtoat may be said of the plas founded
on that book, which multiply all the char
acters by two?
In a prizefight at Denver the other day
"Young Corbett" broke Joe Bernstein's
jaw. With his main battery out of action,
of course, the latter had to allow the de
cision to his opponent
The West Point cadets promise to stop
hazing, but it their promises are of tha
same material as the evidence they gave
at tho Booz Inquiry, they should be re
quired to give a bond with every promise.
The people of Omaha have found vent
for their Indignation at their small cen
sus showing and the escape of Pat Crowe
by burning a pesfhouso. There Is always
a safety valve for a surplus pressure of
anger. If people have the Ingenuity to
find it
Clackamas fishermen ask for an open
salmon season. Did they ever hear of
Clatsop County, and do they know a bill
Is before the Legislature for prohibiting
salmon fishing above tide water? Do
they not realise that the salmon will be
exterminated unless the fish are allowed
to propagate? Let Clackamas not ignore
Clatsop's Interests.
Congressman Tayler, who represents
President McKinley's old Ohio district In
Conere&n. the other day received from tha
Philippics a magnificent set of chessmen.
Each plcc Is most elaborately and artis
tically carved, the king and queen pieces
being six inches high. The set is of Chi
nese manufacture, and is a present from
an ofliccr now ou duty in the Philippines.
S me of tha ci-fcij enthusiasts In Congress
who have st.cn the pieces declare they
are of the class used only by imperial
persons in China.
Taken dry as a powder, well washed
down with copious libations of water, salt
has been used for years as a simple home
remedy. The only reason that the cure
Is not worse than the disease Is that It
gets washed down Immediately, and a
half-teaspoonful, which is usually a dose.
Is gone in1 a wink. One woman, well
known in New York, vows it is better
than any nerve specialist, and clings to
salt now as a life-preserver. On the
chatelaine which she wears hangs a little
box filled always" with salt Occasionally
she takes a half-spoonful, the "grains of
prevention," she calls them.
Berlin has conceived a novel law of fur
thering the right development of children.
This provides for an Interchange of city
and country children. Thus the poor
classes of Berlin, who cannot afford fam
ily outings, are enabled to send their chil
dren to the country, and in exchange they
receive the children from the country
home, who are thus provided with the
Mberal education town life affords. Recip
rocal selfish Interest in their own prompts
considerate treatment of the visiting chil
dren in each home. The plan works so
successfully the intention now is to ex
tend it and make it international, estab
lishing an exchange of children between-
I different countries.
i
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