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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1901)
THE .MQRNiyG OREQONIAN, SATURDAY. JANUARY 19, 1901. ft (Bvzgotxrxm Entered at the Postofflee at Portland, Oregon, a second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Rooms.... 166 1 Business Office... CC7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (pottage prepaid). In Advance Xally. rtlth Sunday, per month S3 Waily, Sunday excepted, per ear 7 50 JJaiiy. with Sunday, per year 0 00 Sunday, per ear 2 00 The Weekly, per year .... 1 60 Tho Weekly. 3 months CO To City Subscribers Tally, per week, delivered, Sundays excepted.l5c Lally, per -Reek, delivered. Sundays lncluded.20c POSTAGE RATES. V nlted States. Canada, and Mexico: 10 to 16-page paper lc 18 to 32 page paper 2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication It The Oregonlan should be addressed In varia bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to advertis ing, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Cantaln A. Thomoson. crHce at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box 855. Tacoma Postfllce. Eastern Business Office The Tribune build ing. New Tork City; "The Rookery." Chicago; the S C Beckwith special agency. New Tork. For sale In San Francisco by J. K. Cooper, 70 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros., 2M Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry News stand. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 239 So. Spring street, and Oliver &. Haines, 108 So Sprmg street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co. 217 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by H. C. Shears. 105 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake Newa Co 77 W. Seond South street. For sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., 115 Royal street. On file In "Washington D. C, -with A. W. Dunn. 500 14th N. W. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Xendrlck. 900-012 Seventh street. T SCAT'S WEATHER. Occasional rain, with southerly winds. PORTLAND, SATURDAY, JAJT 10. Mr. Cleveland Is a man. of strong: mind and great force of character, but his worst enemies never accused him of being; a profound student or an acute thinker. Consequently, when he says that "killing natives In an effort to possess their lands" is an unprecedent ed thing in our civilization, the ignora tion of American history need surprise no one; and neither need his oblivious ness to the fact that the Boers declared war on Great Britain. In view of the splendid colonial empire of the Nether lands, Mr. Cleveland's invocation of the Dutch as hostile to expansion borders on the grotesque. "When he approaches the Constitution he is palpably unfair. He says expansion evades the Consti tution. Now Mr. Cleveland Bhould know that the Constitution was not framed for the regulation of procedure In treatment of acquisitions by treaty and purchase. Its founders were con tent to provide an Instrument for pre serving the colonies themselves. They had not at all in mind the Louisiana purchase, or Texas, or California, or Oregon, or Alaska, or Hawaii, or the Philippines. So that when Mr. Cleve land seeks to Imply that the Constitu tion inhibits expansion he is outside the facts. If he means that the power of Congress to legislate for territory in rudimentary stages of organization Is restricted by the Constitution to such forms as were prescribed for the thir teen original states, he may with pro priety be reminded that this is a legal question, now pending before the Su preme Court, and that, until it is de cided, homilies on the moral obliquity of either alternative become decidedly premature. Finally, when Mr. Cleve land apotheosizes conservatism, merely because It is conservatism, and asks us to worship the old simply because It is not new, he becomes platitudi nously puerile. "The old order chang eth, giving place to new." How benefi cent the new order is cannot be deter mined by lamentations. So when Mr. Cleveland says that "satisfaction with our country's mission has been under mined," it must be understood that he voices the sentiments of our doleful antls, and theirs alone. The Salem Journal has performed useful public service in relating some unwritten history of the Senatorial election of 1S95. It shows, from Inside Information, to which its editor had access by virtue of his position, that the general appropriation bill of that session was manipulated In the inter ests of Mr. McBride, whose election was secured largely through that means. Publication of this history Is valuable at this time, because it may serve as warning to those members of the ways and means committees of both houses who might be tempted to use the appro priation bill of the present session In a similar way. It Is unnecessary to say that this Is an Improper use of power and a shameless betrayal of the gen-j era! welfare. The money of the tax payers should not be applied to further the fortunes of any Senatorial aspirant, Corbett or McBride, Mitchell or Pulton. "We take it that In this matter fore warned should be forearmed, and that on the surface there Is no evidence that either Speaker Reeder In the House or President Fulton in the Senate has made committee appointments on such a basis. So far as Senator McBride is CTCcrned. be has but one undisputed representative 6n the Senate ways and r-.cans committee, and the other mem- t rs can keep their eyes open, to say n Uung of the obvious circumstance that Mr Fulton doubtless has purposes cf hxs ivrn, and at least some desire f.r iasAce and fairness. The complaint made against his appointments, as in deed against clerkship selections, seems to spring not from convictions of nub ile misconduct but from personal disap- F-i-.imcrts, which are inevitable under anj administration. Under the clerk ship act of last session, it is evident that many promises made by members In the usual volume are doomed to bit ter disappointment. If the law Is strin gency adhered to, the lesson will be reu it painfully learned. Political Wh iles hae not yet reached the plane bcere tne spoils belong to the losers. If the clerkships have not been filled ?coraing to law, or If the aDnolntees re inefficient, there Is cause for ram. alaint, Otherwise, not. Th un lembers abandon the Idea that they saieiy promise clerkships to their idhcrents and admirers, the better. It has been one of the calm and sure streats of anti-Imperialism that In taking Spain's colonies we loaded upon surselves an Incubus for whose loss Spain herself would be muoh better off, quent vaccinations. Some 'experts be md felicitations without stint .have 1 Ueve that a slnrie vaccination cannnr been extended that unlucky power upon her good fortune in having shifted Im perialism upon us, and thus entering upon a better day. It may be taken as certain that this opinion, based purely on preconceived notions, will be imper vious to the exact situation in Spain, consequent upon loss of her colonial empire. Mr. Sydney Brooks, who has studied the problem on the ground for the New Tork Commercial Advertiser, finds that Spain's colonial trade Is ruined, and, In spite of tardy efforts to develop the South American trade, can not be revived or replaced. The closing of the workshops that flourished in it has already begun. Before long Cata lonia will be swarming with hungry and rebellious laborers. The return of the 200,000 repatriados has flooded the industrial market which never offered fewer openings than at present De prived of colonial positions, Spanish officialdom is driven back upon its nar row opportunities in the peninsula. The provinces In consequence are flooded with carpet-baggers from Madrid whose tenure of office is brief, whose salaries are always in arrears, and who must plunder to live. No province has- suffered more from these harpies than Catalonia, the wealthiest, most indus trious and most democratic portion of the country. One result has been great discontent in the provinces with this excess of officialism. In Catalonia, so far has resentment against the despot ism of Madrid run that for the past fourteen months the Catalans have re fused to pay taxes and to have set on foot a movement which alms at their in corporation with France. These results of the war are complicated with other difficulties. "What with the unpopularity of the Queen Regent, which it is vain to disguise, the wretched land tenure system, the thousand and one regula tions and Imposts which strangle healthy commerce, the recurring and growing deficits and the Impossibility of a poor Spaniard ever becoming hon estly rich, Mr. Brooks draws a picture ominously reminiscent of France before the Revolution. There is certainly little in this situation to overthrow a predi lection for a home country acting as financier and director for a healthy lot of dependencies on the British or Dutch or American plan. Expansion, let us say at once, depends for Its results upon the sagacity with which it is ad ministered t the smallpox. Reports from all parts of the Union prove that the smallpox is ubiquitous, but it does not seem to have become a severe epidemic beyond the western limit of Missouri. The disease has ap peared in Chicago, and in the neigh boring cities of Illinois, Indiana and "Wisconsin. It has appeared in Galves ton, Tex., In Michigan and Minnesota. But the disease appears to be of a mild type in these states, as it was in New York, Oregon and "Washington. The origin of the recent epidemic is vari ously ascribed to Cuba and the Philip pines. Surgeon Darling, of the Third United States Infantry, recently said In St. Paul that for two years past the soldiers .returning from the Philippines have been bringing back the germs of the disease with them, so that there is not a state In this Union that Is not fighting smallpox, and in Minnesota few towns have escaped. The Secre tary of the Minnesota State Board of Health, Dr. Henry M. Bracken, does not agree with Surgeon Darling, but holds that the disease was present In an epidemic form in the Southern States before our war with Spain be gan. From the South the smallpox spread to the North, West and East. It Is certain that the disease was epi demic in Kentucky in 1897, the infec tion having come from some point fur ther south. The New York State Board of Health traces the recent epidemic of smallpox in that state to traveling companies of colored minstrels. The disease is common in a mild form in the lumber and mining districts of Minnesota, "Wisconsin and Michigan, and, receiving no medical attention, is allowed to spread. Investigation shows that the disease always comes from districts of the country where the Inhabitants are so Ignorant and superstitious that they ig nore or resist vaccination. The follow ing figures from the Sheffield (Eng.) epidemic of 1887-8 show the probabili ties of attack among vaccinated and unvacclnated persons: For each 1000 children under 10 jcars Attack rate of vaccinated 5 00 Attack rate of unvacclnated 101 00 Death rate of vaccinated 'oq Death rate ot unvacclnated 4400 For each 1000 children over 1ft v .,- Attack rate of twice vaccinated 300 Attack rate of once vaccinated 1000 Attack rate of unvacclnated '. 04 00 Death rate of twice vaccinated '. '03 Death rate of once vamnninii t'm .iscum law ui unvaocinaiea 51.00 T-4.i. ... .. ... . :- 1.VW That 1b, less than one among 10,000 children who had been vaccinated more than once died of smallpox, and only four on the average were attacked by the disease. The value of vaccination Is shown by the fact that most medical authorities place the mortality of smallpox among the unvacclnated at something over 35 per cent, and among those who have been vaccinated at 8 per cent or under. The only reasonable objection to vacl clnatlon is the possibility of infection with other diseases, but such accidents are needless now, for the vaccine is made from carefully selected calves, and is not transferred from one human being to another, as It used to be. In 1SS5 Montreal was swept by a terrible scourge of smallpox, and for some years thereafter It was the most thoroughly vaccinated city in America. The result was that for ten years It did not have another case of smallpox. The scourge of the "Winter of 1SS5 cost the City of .Montreal over 3000 lives out of a popu lation ot about 200,000. Some of the priests denounced vaccination from the pulpits, telling their flocks that the epi demic was a punishment inflicted by God for their drunkenness and immor ality during the ice carnival; and the general neglect of vaccination, joined to the failure of the city government to make it compulsory, resulted In a fear ful mortality. "While smallpox through vaccination and modern methods of quarantine is no longer the popular terror and scourge It was up to the .advent and acceptance of Jenner's great discovery a century ago, nevertheless it is always a loathsome disease, and its present prevalence emphasizes the need of care ful attention to vaccination throughout every community. In no other way can it be prevented from gaining a foot hold. Furthermore, vacclhatlon once was regarded as a guaranty of protec tion for seven years, but doctors who attend smallpox patients deem it wise to keen themselvp Immims v .. be regarded as giving comparative Im munity beyond two years; and some place the time during which it may be regarded as a sure preventive as low as six months. Prudent people should renew vaccination as often as once In two years. PRUSSIA'S BICEXTENARY. The celebration of the 200th birthday of the Kingdom of Prussia at Berlin Is an interesting historical event, for the history of Prussia Is as remarkable and as full of startling vicissitudes as that of any of the great powers of Continental-Europe. The real founder of Prussia was "the Great Elector," Fred eric, Duke of Brandenburg, whose valor and statesmanship, out of the ruin left by the "thirty years' -war," created the state, to which his comparatively weak son succeeded and became the first King of Prussia, January 17, 1701. Frederic "William, the second King of Prussia, was eccentric to the verge of Insanity, but he was a man of thrift, courage and military sagacity. At his death his son, Frederic the Great, suc ceeded to a throne that, measured by Its military strength, was the fourth in Europe, although, measured by its area, It was only the twelfth. Frederic the Great found his father had left him a full treasury and a fine standing army of 85,000 men. He proceeded to pick a wanton quarrel with the Em press of Austria, and wrested from her the Province of Silesia. The Empress bided her time and formed a coalition against him which included France, Russia, Austria, Saxony and Sweden. The people whom Frederic ruled were not 5,000,000, the population of the league amounted to 100,000.000. The disproportion In wealth was at least as great Frederic could muster 150,000 men; his enemies could assemble 600, 000; his only ally was England, which backed him with money and a few thousand soldiers. Frederic fought a seven years' war, and was finally vic torious. He was saved not alone through his military genius, second only to that of Napoleon In the his tory of modern Europe, but through the death of his enemy, Empress Eliza beth of Russia, in 1761, whose successor made peace with Frederic and sent him 15,000 troops. France withdrew from the contest, and Austria reluctantly made peace with Frederic, leaving him in possession of Silesia. Frederic had lost 180,000 men in battle; a sixth of the arms-bearing males had fallen; the country was a desert swept by famine, fire and pestilence: the population had decreased 10 per cent In seven years. The currency had been debased. But Frederic henceforth bent his great abilities to the victories of peace, and when he died, in 1786, he had completely re-established the pros perity and happiness of his kingdom. Napoleon Bonaparte completely broke the military power of Prussia "by his great victory of Jena, in October, 1806. He overran Prussia, dismembered it and made It so completely his military vassal that a Prussian military contin gent under General York was included in Napoleon's great army for the inva sion of Russia. On .the defeat of Napo leon, In 1812, Prussia rose In revolt, and between 1813 and 1815 Prussia un der Blucher lost 140.000 men. The Con gress of Vienna In 1815 restored Prus sia's domains to, 'the extent of 108,000 square miles; the Prussia of 1806 had 122,000 square miles. The rise of Prussia under Bismarck to the head of the North German Confederation, a re sult attained "by the defeat of Austria at Sadowa In 1866, was followed by the still more splendid triumph of Prussia at the head of united Germany over France in 1870-71. Bismarck placed Prussia at the head of Germany, and placed Its Imperial crown on the head of the King of Prus sia. But for his genius and courage, Prussia would today be just where the Congress of Vienna left her In 1815, sub ordinate In political Influence and mili tary power to Austria. Bismarck is one of the few great men of modern history of whom it may be truthfully said that he was not the creature of circumstances, the chip on the bosom of Niagara, but he actually controlled cir cumstances and compelled events to shape themselves according to his will. the horse: redivivtjs. A few years ago, when electricity as a motor first astonished the world and seemed destined to override every other force, as applied to transportation, threatening even the supremacy of steam, the commercial value of the horse suddenly declined, and it was freely predicted that his days of use fulness, except In a limited sense, were over. The Industrial depression that followed close upon the heels of the era of applied electricity set the seal upon this estimate, and horseraislng as an industry was by common consent relegated to the past. As commonly expressed, there was "no market for horses," and measures were taken to clear the great ranges of the luckless brutes that had survived their useful ness but retained their capacity for the consumption of grass. Events of the past tvo or three years, however, prove conclusively that this estimate of the horse as belonging, in dustrially speaking, to the past, was an erroneous one. It has been shown that war cannot be carried on successfully without horses, the present check to the British arms in South Africa being due to the fact that the English troops are not properly mounted for the fray, while the Boers bestride the toughest of tough ponies, going where they will. Moreover, the farm horse Is still In evi dence In agricultural achievement, and the carriage horse is stepping lightly over the roads from which but now he was banished, as it was supposed, for ever, by the bicycle. The National Livestock Growers' Con vention now In session in Salt Lake City has paid Its respects to the horse In a manner which shows that, though his usefulness suffered eclipse for a time, he Is again a great and increasing factor in the commercial and Industrial world. According to statistics there presented, the Increased value of horses in the United States between 1897 and 1900 aggregated 5150,000,000. More than this, the present demand for horses is greater than the supply, the result be ing that prices are higher than they have been for years. This statement of course only applies to good horses, bred for a purpose, and to meet a demand. It will cause no regrets that the ranges have been, to a great extent, cleared of the herds of wild horses that, by in breeding and neglect, degenerated into animals for which there was no de mand. As stated before the Salt Lake convention, "It is the high-class horse that brings the high dollar," and stock- I men, having come to realize this fact, are devoting themselves intelligently and assiduously to meet it How well they have succeeded Is shown by the prices quoted at which nlgh-bred horses have been sold during the past year. "Without particularizing further or quoting further from the statements made before the Salt Lake convention in support of the assertion that the horse industry of the country is in a healthy condition, it may be added that an average of $1126 each for forty head of trotting-bred coach horses, and an average of $501 50 for 700 trotting-bred horses sold at one sale within recent months, is sufficient evidence that those who chronicled the "passing of the horse" a few years ago reckoned with out the horseralser, and failed to take Into account man's natural love for a good horse. The organized movement for total ab stinence in the Catholic Church of America, which began thirty years ago, Is now represented by an army of 81,437 persons pledged to abstain from Intoxi cating drinks in any form, and to pre vent, as much as possible, by advice and example, the sin of intemperance in others, and to discountenance the drinking customs of society. The members of this organization Include Archbishop Ireland, of St Paul; Arch bishop Ryan, of Philadelphia; Arch bishop WIlliamB, of Boston; Archbishop Elder,- of Cincinnati; a great number of the bishops, and a thousand or more of the priests. In 1892 this organization numbered but 49,000; in 1900 It had 81. 437 members, and it promises to reach the 100,000 mark soon. This organiza tion is against the unregulated saloon. but has refused constantly to ally it self with the Prohibitionists. The Rev. A. P. Doyle, general secretary of this organization, speaking of the growth and future of temperance work in the Catholic church, recently, said: We do not assert that liquor Is malum In se. or even that the use of It is wrong; but we do affirm that owing to the tjranny of drinking customs very often obliging a man to drink more than Is good for his head, or hlg stom ach or his purse. It Is better for him to aban don the use of drink altogether. While tie do not say that every one is bound to total absti nence, still we applaud the man who can and will abstain; and if he does so from a higher motive, we say that he may serve God and his fellow-man better. We favor the statutory law regulating the saloon; not that tve think a man can be made moral by law. but we know that even law that shields the citizen from danger, that protects his home and himself from the allurements of vlco. Is a blessing to society and to citizenship. The Wabash Railroad Company does not pose as a temperance organization, but It has nevertheless struck a pow erful blow for temperance, as far as us innuence as an employing agency extends. Its object was not a philan thropic one; its purpose was not to save souls or redeem drunkards. In adopt ing a rule which prohibits the use of intoxicants by its employes before re porting for duty or while on duty, It was actuated by the desire to avoid loss of life and property on Its railway lines. As insurance against personal damage suits and damage to and loss of rolling stock, this rule Is admirable. To be sure, anything that tends to elim inate the Irresponsible drinker from in dustrial life raises the standard of so- Driety among worklngmen. In this view modern transportation companies, moved by self-Interest, are practical temperance reformers, though without the least ambition to be thus classified. Figures compiled by the Government Bureau of Statistics, and printed in de tail In another column, show that fon the closing month of the old year Port land's wheat shipments to foreign coun tries were greater than those of any other port in the United States. New York, the metropolis of the New "World, and the largest seaport on the conti nent, was over 150.000 bushels behind this city In the month's wheat ship ments. Philadelphia, the home of a newspaper which once printed the dis tressing statement that Portland could never hope to be a seaport, exported less than one-third the amount that was sent foreign from this city. In the language of the Tacoma Ledger, "Port land still ships some wheat." Edward M. Bannister, who died re cently at Providence, R. I., was a land scape artist of distinction, whose paint ing, "Under the Oaks," was awarded a first-class medal at the Centennial Exposition In 1876. Mr. Bannister was born in St. Andrews, N. B., In 1833; studied art In the Lowell Institute, Bos ton, and lived there until 1871, when he made his home In Providence. He was one of the most talented artists of the negro race, which has within a few years furnished America one of the most distinguished of our younger painters In the person of H. O. Tanner. A train on the Astoria Railroad ran Into a slide last week and was wrecked. Two boxcars next the engine prevented the passenger coaches from going into the river. An Astoria paper says the boycott against the O. R. & N. diverted traffic to the railroad, and was account able for the boxcars in the train. Therefore, the paper concludes, the boycott Is profitable. After all, our views of things in this world depend a great deal on the way we look at them. The devil and the deep sea, between which the United States Is hedged, in poor Cleveland's opinion, are sanscu lottlsm and imperialism. The one Is represented by Bryan, the other by Mc Klnley. Since Grover Is a Democrat, where on earth did he ever learn that democracy, after which his party is yclept, Is conservative? Nothing is less conservative than democracy, and to assign it such an attribute is to trav esty the very essence of Its nature. The Legislature transacted the main business of the session clerkship dis tribution and adjourned for a recess. Of course, recuperation is necessary af ter a strain so strenuous. The difference between a punitive and a footing expedition in China is a subtlety so fine and tenuous that It cannot be apprehended. Some doctors say Kruger will die, others he will live. Each set Is, in its way, doubtless trying to prescribe the best it can for him. The proper place for those Filipino leaders is not Guam, but "West Point, where their bumptiousness could be hazed out of them. Advocates ' of a longer Presidential term can be cured of their conceit by supposing1 if Hanna should be elected. THE PRIVATEER'S HALCYON, DAYS , Kansas City Star. Mr. B. B. Crownlnshleld, the noted marine architect of Boston, says the records show that the famous Salem privateer, America, of the "War of 1S12. sailed faster on her best point with the wind on the quarter than any of the crack racing yachts of today. The log of the privateer records that she sailed frequently at a speed of 13 knots. This was with the burden of a warship, while the best speed of the cup defenders, in racing trim, is little better than 14 knots. Mr. Crownlnshield thinks that, perhaps, to the windward, the best "foro-and-af-ters" of today sail faster than the Sa lem sea rover, but, In port to port runs, nothing in commission exceeds the speed of the America. The lesson drawn from this is that sail ing la a vanishing art and reached its zenith long since. The privateer which showed a clean pair of heels to every British warship and outstripped anything afloat, was built at Salem in 1S03-4, by Retire Becket, Captain George Crownln shield. Jr., and a Scotchman named Glyt ton. She was 114 feet long, 30 feet eight Inches beam, 14 feet three Inches draught, 473 tons burden, and was ship rigged with three masts. In privateer trim her upper dck was removed, whereby she became me proverwnl "long, low. rakish craft" The armament wtls 22 guns, with a crew of 150 men, which made "the America equal in force to anything short of a frigate. The America made five cruises during the war and sent safely to port 27 prizes, valued at $1,000,000. The record of the pi rates, the privateers and of the famous confederate commerce-destroyer, Ala bama, was a question of sailing which is now believed to be extinct The mod ern Idea is that destroying or capturing merchant vessels flying tho enemy's flag is only permissible to maintain a blockade or to seize contraband goods destined for the enemy. If an electrical apparatus were invented to furnish pOwer wlhout the use of furnaces and boilers, so that ships could propel themselves indefinitely without regard to coal, there would again be great temptation to resort to priva teering. Even then the modern sea rover would not have a show equal to a swift vessel in the day of sails, because ma chinery gets out of order, while nothing could be simpler and more serviceable than canvas. The day when the America eluded British frigates and seized prize after prize, thereby enriching good old Salem town, was while there was yet romance on the seas. It was a time when there was danger of robbery on the ocean and shipwreck on distant shores where strange and savage people dwelt. Mer chant vessels were always armed. One of the most fascinating things In the world Is peril involving tho chance of fighting, and privateering was surround ed with an attractive glamor, regardless of its questionable morals, in pious New England. Aside from the reminiscence of priva teering, it is Interesting that one of tho new cup defenders, now in course of con struction, has been designed by a de scendant of one of the builders of the crack s..ip of 1S12 period, and that he ad mits he can't do much better than his forbears. Inconsistency of Senator Louse Philadelphia Public Ledger. There was an Incident in tho debate in the Senate last week on Senator Sewells amendment to the Army bill for the promotion, of Brigadier-General fal?after to the rank of Major-General, which is interesting in demonstrating the powerful Influence of the Administration on Congress. A report of the proceedings says that when the Amendment was called up Mr. Pettigrew de sired the clerk to read an account of the San tiago campaign from a. history of the Spanish war from tho pen of the most eminent of mod ern historians. "Who is the author?" some one asked. "Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts," respond ed Mr. Pettigrew. A general laugh. In which Mr. Lodge joined, followed. A significant part of Senator Lodge's history then read stated that In the Santiago fight General Shatter had Is sued a single order, which was dis obeyed by his subordinates, for the rea son that it was an order to retreat Sen ator Lodge sat by listening to his crushing arraignment, of Shatter's in efficiency, laughed at it with his fellow Senators, and then voted to make the man he had so thoroughly condemned a Major-General of the regular Army of the United States. The vote of Senator Lodge In this case Illustrates the Indifference of Senators to their own personal opinions or convic tions and their remarkable subserviency l th.t- lnnuence of the Administration. The Shafter promotion amendment was distinctively an Administrative mn .,,. and even so morally pretentious a Sena-; ..- . ml. uuuse vuiea ior it despite his own public arraignment and condemna tion of General Shatter's record in tho Santiago campaign. 9 , An Imported "Word. St. Paul Pioneer Press. Mr. Bryan's determination "to create Imaginary classes and castes nmnno. m, American peoplo" is again Illustrated, as Is well pointed out by Perry Belmont, in the selection of a name for his news paper, the Commoner. The word belongs to British, not to American politics. It presupposes an upper class or classes hereditary rank, privileges, entailed es tates and like incidents of a monarchy or aristocracy, beneath which the "com moners" struggle for such social and governmental equities as superior num bers and a certain tax producing qual ity (which latter may be Impaired to the detriment of all classes should the pres sure of aristocracy become too great) may enable them to demand. This defini tion Is not in Mr. Belmont's phraseology but it is one very likely to loom up In the mind of any American as he pro nounces the word. Mr. Bryan evidently aspires to recognition as a "Great Com moner," such as Pitt and Gladstone re ceived. But in a country where, for lack of an aristocracy, all are commoners, such distinction is not likely to be be stowed upon a man whose main purpose seems to be to disabuse Americans of the conceit that they are already the pos sessors of equal rights and privileges, and to fill their minds with such jealousies, envies and "leveling" purposes as mark tho struggles of a European socialism bred under monarchical conditions. Repentance Stools nt Glrnrd College Philadelphia Record. Any infraction of the rules at Girard College is punished with 20 mlnnfe r. stool of repentance. "When the Institu tion first adopted this scheme of pun ishment one stool was enough. As the college expanded the stools multiplied, and today no less than 60 four-legged painless instruments of discipline are in more or less constant use in a room de voted exclusively to the punishment of those who have transgressed the rules. There is absolutely nothing to the dis ciplining except the order to sit on a com fortable stool for 20 minutes and "think it over." Any of the lads would sooner take a sound thrashing and have done with it but the stool of repentance has proved itself an ideal punishment, and it has come to stay at Girard College. i Sanitarium for Pettlgrrew. Salt Lake Tribune. Senator Pettigrew must be absolutely mad with hate and baffled ambition. His assaults upon the Administration and upon the party that has given him all the honors he ever received are expected, but when it comes to assailing faithful soldiers who have fought a hundred bat tles, it Is time to cease detesting the man, and to extend the pity which he evident ly needs. He should seek a sanitarium. DIRECT PRIMARY IS WISCONSIN Chicago Times-Herald. The first message of Governor La Fol lette to the Wisconsin Legislature is forceful and comprehensive in its ad vocacy of needed reforms in state gov ernment and, as might be expected, takes advanced ground on questions pertaining to taxation, trusts and primary election laws. The most practical as well as the most timely suggestions In the message pertain to radical reforms in primary elections along the line whloh Mr. La Follctte has advocated for a number of years past. These recommendations propose a rem edy for the machine caucus and conven tion similar to that embodied in the new Minnesota law, which provides for the nomination of candidates by direct vote of the people. In common with other citizens who have been participants In. convention pro ceedings and are familiar with the usual procedure of the politicians in manipu lating caucuses. Governor La Follette believes that the source of most of our political Ills lies In the ability of party bosses to control existing party machin ery in the interest of favored candidates. Even where laws governing primaries have been enacted and where delegates are voted for under the Australian ballot system, party dictators are able to name each set of delegates to be voted for in the primary. Obviously the only remaining remedy for machine caucuses and conventions Is the direct nomination of candidates by the voters. Under the caucus or conven tion system it is well known that in no case does a majority of voters determine the nomination. As Governor La Fol lette says, "It not Infrequently happens that the candidate nominated has scarce ly been considered as a candidate during the selection of delegates. In which case absolutely no opportunity is given the voter to express his choice." Nominations, in fact, are usually the rsult of much shifting, trading and com promising, in which the voter Is per mitted to have no voice. Under the plan proposed by Governor La Follette the voters would actually name the candi dates to be voted for in election and the power of the party boss would be broken. Inconsistent and Immodest. Salt Lake Tribune. Mr. Bryan says "in selecting journalism as the best field of usefulness, I am aware that I am placing myself In a po sition where I can give more aid to oth ers' than to myself." Mr. Bryan ought to get over that style of talk. It Is not modest It is an assumption that he ex pects to supply the public with something which all the array of editors In the land cannot And he is, so to speak, an ama teur in the business. It reads somewhat like the advertisement of a quack doctor, who holds a certain specific for some supposedly incurable disease, which he has discovered all by himself, or which he received from the Great Spirit of some "Big Medicine" Indian. Then, too, he ought to put aside breaks of that kind, because Mr. Bryan's philanthropic work up to date has been limited. The impres sion which he leaves upon an audience is that he is working chiefly for Mr. Bry an, and if rumor is true, he has, sine a the campaign closed in 1896, gathered shekels enough to almost make him be lieve that there can be, here and there, a rich man who is not a menace to the peace and liberties of the great Republic Mr. Bryan Is not going to run his Jour nal because of his great love for the peo ple, and that fact is so manifest that it Jars a little on sensitive nerves when he discusses his own self-abnegation. A Corporation Stands Alone. Philadelphia Times. President Cassatt entered the railroad service as a rodman at $1 per day, and is now confessedly the first railroad man of the world. His Immediate prede cessor, Mr. Frank Thomson, entered the railroad service as an apprentice in the Altoona shops,, and the late Colonel Scott, whose genius created the broad foundation of the present incomparable Pennsylvania Railroad system, entered the railroad service as a collector's clerk at Columbia. It Is the only great corporation of the country that has steadily created its own great masters, and Mr. Sims was not the least of the pointed Illustrations of the priceless value of the system. Couldn't Trnst Him. Washington Post. Senator Chandler was late the other day in reaching the Capitol, and the Senate has Just adjourned after an ex ecutive session. At the elevator he met a newspaper corrspondnt. "What was done in secret session?" asked the Senator, as he greeted the newspaper man. "I really would like to let you know," was the reply, "but you Senators are so leaky that I am afraid to tell you." PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS Afforded Her Pleasure. He I am afraid you don't like my dancing. She On tho contrary, I think It is very amusing. Life. Had Paid for It. "There goes a man with a very interesting history," said the olerk In the bookstore. "You don't say?" Inquired the customer. "How do you know?" "I Just sold It to him." Philadelphia Press. Clara I wonder how Mattie came to marry Fred Somerby? Bertha The most natural rea son In the world. Fred had an overcoat that was a perfect match for Mattle's new gown. Boston Transcript. Rev. Windley Now that Lent Is approaching you should think of performing some peniten tial act. Miss Pert Oh. I do. I expect to come and hear you preach every Sunday. Philadelphia Record. Fond Parent Goodness! how you look, child; you are soaked. Frankle Please, pa, I fell Into the canal. Fond Parent What, with your new trousers on? Frankle I didn't have time, pa, to take 'em off. Tit-Bits. Too Much for Them. Bobbs Old Man Rocks doesn't seem worried because his boy Is in the hands of kidnapers. Seems to think they'll turn him loose without ransom. Dobba Yes. You see. the lad Is a boy orator. Baltimore American. Cruel to an Amateur. Mrs. Newed (serious ly) Henry. I wanted to take our cook's pic ture with my new camera today, and she wouldn't let me. I bellee she's a criminal. Mr. Newed Not necessarily, dear; she may be only a member of the Society for the Preven tion of Crime. Puck. A Drcnm of Good Times, Frank L. Stanton In Atlanta Constitution. Let U3 dream of the good times the good times to be. When the fair fruit shall bend every branch o' the tree And the rivers In music shall sing to the sea, And the world will be Joyous forever! Let us dream of the good times when blithest f arew ells Shall be said unto Sorrow In cities and dolls; With only the bird-sonss the chime o the bells In a world that Is Joyous forever! Let us dream of the good tlroe3, when over the wrong The white Right shall triumph with bright sword and strong; When the wide world shall echo one Jubilant song In the light of the morning forever! Sonnet. Archibald Lampman. Not to be conquered by these headlong days. But to stand free; to keep the mind at brood On life's deep meaning, nature's altitude Of loveliness, and time's mysterious ways; At every thought and deed to clear the haze Out of our eyes, considering only this, "What man, what life, what love, what beau ty Is, This Is to live, and win tho final praise. Though strife. 111 fortune, and harsh human need Beat down the soul, at moments blind and dumb With agony; yet patience there shall come Many great voices fromUfe'a outer sea. Hours of strange triumph, and. when few men heed Murmurs and glimpses of eternity. NOTE AND COMMENT. " - Is It still bleeding Kansas? The buzzing of Senatorial bees is again heard in Portland. The sudden opeedlness ot the Chinese negotiations boded nothing serious after all. What England needs Is just B000 men with whom to end the Transvaal war again. Apparently that Duko thinks It Is worth a whole lot of money to marry Queen Wilhelmlna. There are almost as many remedies for grip as there are for the evils ot munici pal government American heiresses need not despair. That Duke may not marry the Queen of Holland after all. We withdraw our congratulations to Mr. Lease, now that Mrs. Lease has with drawn her divorce suit The ancients sought in vain for tho fountain and apple of eternal life. They did not have a pension system. It remains to be seen If beneath tho hand of William Jennings Bryan the pen will be mightier than the mouth. Something terrible must have happened to Agulnaldo. His death has been con firmed, but he has not confirmed it It is always hard to get Into West Point but recent developments provo that it is harder to get out alive. Birth statistics are diminishing in Groat Britain. This is bad for Kitchener. Sup pose the war should last the whole cen tury! If Tesla shall succeed In making tho stars listen to him, he ought to be able to sell it with profit to theatrical man agers. The best way to decide whether young Cudahy is worth J25.00O is to wait until he has grown up and has married an actress. The chief benefit the Christmas trade confers upon store-keopers Is the oppor tunity it affords to hold January clear ance sales. Thanks to the Monroe doctrine, the dis covery of diamonds in Mexico will not bo the undoing of that country, as it was of tho Transvaal. Frank James was turned down as door keeper of the Missouri House of Repre sentatives. It was feared that he would hold up legislation. There are a good many colored men in Kansas, but the theory that they havo them to burn 13 likely to get some of tho white brethren into the Jails. William T. Stead advises Mr. Kruger to play his trump card. He should remem ber that Uncle Paul was strictly reared, and never plays cards of any kind. Now doth the Legislator wise From Salem fit away. And while an absentee he Is More worthy of his pay. Three Presidential Electors of Oregon will go to Washington with the eleotion statement Doubtless there Is too much political pie there for one to consume. The Senate is the judge of the qualifica tions of its own members, and Pettigrew and Tillman have been n it Iqng enough to prove that it is a pretty poor judge. Tho W. C. T. U. has succeeded in hav ing the canteen abolished, and now will start a crusade against kissing. Verily, this world will soon be unfit to live in. Speaking of railroad legislation, why does not some member introduce a bill abolishing the rear cars on trains. This would be sure to obviate many disastrous accidents. Bryan meant ho would be a private citi zen only so long as Cleveland was the same. Soontr than let Grovor head the party he would condescend to run again for President. Rosebery says the commercial war whloh Germany and America are waging , against England 13 something to think about England might confine its thoughts to the Boer war. Uncle Sam is about the easiest taskmas ter on record, but even he might be a little disgusted if he turned up In Port land, and tried to find some of his ser vants In their offices. The Standard Oil Company has had to pay damages for use of short measures. The trust will now content Itself with en dowments to Chicago University and with, whacking up of prices, for profits. Napoleon at St Helena, said that he would not believe in a Just God punish ing and rewarding, for good people are always unfortunate, and scoundrels aro always lucky. "Look at Talleyrand, ho Is sure to die in his bed." German capitalists havo planned the construction of a railroad through tho Samoyede peninsula, with the object of bringing the wheat of Western Siberia quickly and economically In to the world market The wheat will be shipped by the Ob and Its navigable tributaries to Ob dorsk; then by rail to the seacoast, and thence by vessel to London or other ports. The marriage landau of the Queen of the Netherlands is on exhibition on tho premises of a carriage builder In tho Boulevard Haussmann, in Paris. It has been sent thither to.be rellned, but has already been used by Her Majesty Wil helmlna on a few state occasions. It is painted In cream color, "Vernls Martin," of great purity of tint; the box seat the springs and the hubs of the wheels are of a rich orange; the new linings are of white brocade, and the Queen will, they say, have eight white horses, with orange colored trappings, to take her to church on her wedding day. Ex-Governor John Llnd, of Minnesota, who Is a one-armed veteran of the Civil War, on the Dth instant entered the edi torial rooms of the St Paul Dlspatoh and knocked down the managing editor, H. T. Black, by a severe blow on the eye. Mr. Black arose and endeavored to ex plain to Mr. Llnd that such criticism as the Dispatch has contained did not rep resent his personal convictions but rather the policy of the newspaper with which he was connected. "That" said the Governor "is a characteristic evas ion. I have investigated the animus of your behavior pretty closely, and deter mined to administer the only punishment which a man of your stamp can be made to appreciate, wherefore" biff, bang, swat, smash; and again Mr. Black assumed an undignified position in the corner of tho office. Mr. Llnd said later that the Dis patch had called him a traitor. "And the man who calls me that most be whipped or killed." ho said.